Academic literature on the topic 'American Apparel (Firm)'
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Journal articles on the topic "American Apparel (Firm)"
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Idacavage, Sara, and Jeanne Swadosh. "Case study on cataloguing fashion adaptations." Art Libraries Journal 42, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2016.45.
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The Herbert Sondheim, Inc. scrapbooks in the New School Archives and Special Collections document the activities of a notable early to mid-20th-century New York-based manufacturer of ready-to-wear women's fashions. A precursor to the contemporary fast fashion industry, Sondheim's employees sketched and kept detailed notes on materials and construction of garments produced by Parisian designers, which the firm then adapted into more affordable and easily obtainable apparel for American consumers. A retrospective visual materials cataloguing project resulting from a graduate student's interest in the collection led to the online availability of over 1200 sketches of fashion adaptations and challenged archives staff to develop appropriate descriptive metadata for a fragmented, ambiguous and complex documentary record.
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MINCHIN, TIMOTHY J. "The Crompton Closing: Imports and the Decline of America's Oldest Textile Company." Journal of American Studies 47, no. 1 (July 10, 2012): 231–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875812000709.
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This article explores the demise of the Crompton Company, which filed for bankruptcy in October 1984, causing 2,450 workers in five states to lose their jobs. Crompton was founded in 1807 in Providence, Rhode Island and when it went out of business it was the oldest textile firm in the country, having been in continuous operation for 178 years. Despite its history, scholars have overlooked Crompton, partly because most work on deindustrialization has concentrated on heavy manufacturing industries, especially steel and automobiles. I argue that Crompton's demise throws much light on the broader decline of the American textile and apparel industry, which has lost over two million jobs since the mid-1970s, and shows that textiles deserve a more central place in the literature. Using company papers, this study shows that imports played the central role in causing Crompton's decline, although there were also other problems, including the strong dollar, declining exports, and a reluctance to diversify, which contributed to it. The paper also explores broader trends, including the earlier flight of the industry from New England to the South and the industry's unsuccessful campaign to pass import-restriction legislation, a fight in which Crompton's managers were very involved.
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Milner, Helen. "Resisting the protectionist temptation: industry and the making of trade policy in France and the United States during the 1970s." International Organization 41, no. 4 (1987): 639–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027636.
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Why were advanced industrial states able to keep their economies relatively open to foreign trade in the 1970s and the early 1980s, despite declining U.S. hegemony and increasing economic difficulties? This article argues that an international-level change affected domestic trade politics and contributed to the maintenance of a liberal trading system. Examining the United States and France, the argument proceeds in two steps, showing first how domestic trade politics were changed and second how this change affected the policy process. Initially, I argue that aspects of the increased international economic interdependence of the postwar period altered domestic trade politics by creating new, anti-protectionist preferences among certain firms. Firms with extensive international ties through exports, multinational production, and global intra-firm trade have come to oppose protectionism, since it is very costly for them. Evidence for these new preferences was apparent among both American and French industries. Despite different contexts, firms in the two countries reacted similarly to the growth of interdependence. Next, I ask whether firms' preferences affected trade policy outcomes and show how these preferences were integrated into the policy process in both countries. Trade policy structures in neither country prevented firms' preferences from affecting the policies adopted. Even in France, a so-called “strong” state, firms' preferences were a key influence on policy. In the trade policy area then, the French and American states did not appear to differ greatly in their susceptibility to industry influence, even though their policy processes were different.
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Wickramasinghe, G. L. D., and Vathsala Wickramasinghe. "Implementation of lean production practices and manufacturing performance." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 28, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-08-2016-0112.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of lean production practices and lean duration (the duration for which lean production is in operation) on manufacturing performance. Design/methodology/approach The survey was used as the main method of data collection. In addition to survey data collected from 1,189 respondents from export-based textile and apparel firms operating in Sri Lanka, longitudinal data were collected over a period of seven months from a firm in the study sample to corroborate the survey findings. Findings The findings revealed that lean production practices significantly enhance manufacturing performance. Further findings revealed the importance of the duration of lean production in operation in achieving higher levels of manufacturing performance. This provides empirical support for the contention that the adoption of lean production can only be achieved through time. Practical implications Findings have implications for practices of export-based textile and apparel producing countries from Asia, Latin and Central America, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, and North Africa, which are competing intensively with each other for their market share in the global export-based textile and apparel production. Originality/value Manufacturing firms are adopting production methods and management practices to become leaner and fitter to create a new labour intensive production model that generate distinctive internal capabilities for survival and growth in international markets. Academics and practitioners in the field of manufacturing technologies will be interested in better understanding how lean production practices would enhance manufacturing performance from a non-western developing country context.
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Bernal, Raquel, Marcela Meléndez, Marcela Eslava, and Alvaro Pinzón. "<div>Switching from Payroll Taxes to Corporate Income Taxes: Firms’ Employment and Wages after the 2012 Colombian Tax Reform</div>." Economía 18, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 41–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31389/eco.51.
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The 2012 Colombian tax reform reduced payroll taxes and employer contributions to health insurance by 13.5 percent, while also increasing corporate income taxes and leaving untouched the benefits to workers financed through these taxes. Shifting taxation from formal employment to other business activities is a policy recipe under heated discussion in Latin America. The reform offers an ideal laboratory for studying empirically the potential distortions against formal employment associated with payroll taxes in contrast to other taxes on firms. We analyze the impact of the reform on employment and wages using monthly firm-level data on all formal employment in nonpublic firms in the country and a difference-in-differences approach that takes advantage of the fact that a few sectors were exempt from the 2012 tax reform. We find a positive average effect of 4.3 percent on employment and 2.7 percent on average firm wages, for the average firm. The employment effect is found only for micro and small firms, whereas the bulk of the employment is concentrated in medium and large firms, which show no significant effect. According to these estimates, about 145,000 new jobs were created between January and May of 2015 by virtue of the reform. These results are generally supportive of efforts to reduce payroll taxes, though our findings on employment are less robust than those on wages, and large firms do not seem to have benefitted. The apparent lack of effect for medium and large employers is also a source of concern. We speculate that it may be due to these firms’ being more sensitive to the increase in corporate taxation that financed the reduction in payroll taxes, but lack of access to the relevant data prevents us from offering solid evidence regarding this hypothesis.
JEL Codes: H25, H32
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Urban-Mead, Wendy. "Negotiating 'Plainness' and Gender: Dancing and Apparel at Christian Weddings in Matabeleland, Zimbabwe, 1913-1944." Journal of Religion in Africa 38, no. 2 (2008): 209–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006608x289684.
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AbstractThis article analyzes the phenomena of dancing and wedding apparel in weddings of rural members of an unusual Protestant denomination of Anabaptist origins in Matabeleland, colonial Zimbabwe. The focus is on gendered aspects of African Christian adaptation of mission teaching amongst Ndebele members of the Brethren in Christ Church. The church in North America was firm at home on the matter of dancing (it was forbidden), and internally conflicted regarding men's garb. In the decades preceding World War II, African members of the church embraced fashionable dress for grooms and dancing at wedding feasts as common practice at BICC weddings. However, in a gendered pattern reflecting Ndebele, colonial and mission ideas of women's subjection, African women's bridal wear adhered to church teaching on Plainness, while African men's did not.
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Rosen, Ellen I. "Women Workers in a Restructured Domestic Apparel Industry." Economic Development Quarterly 8, no. 2 (May 1994): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124249400800209.
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In the context of theories of gender and skill, this article provides an analysis of the way new efforts to restructure domestic apparel production are affecting women production workers. The theoretical framework embodies the notion that skill has traditionally been defined by the work that men do. Women's socially and culturally devalued position has relegated them to labor-intensive, low-wage work, traditionally seen as unskilled. The emergence of new forms of international trade, changing U.S. policies, and transformations in America's financial and retail markets have contributed to new forms of labor intensity for women apparel operators. Evidence from a study of the men's tailored clothing industry and other firms producing comparable garments leads to the conclusion that efforts to restructure domestic apparel production through flexible manufacturing tend to create new forms of taylorist production in certain segments of the industry. Rather than improving the quality of work for women apparel operators, flexible manufacturing tends to intensify the labor of these workers and may have the potential to contribute to their experience of declining wages.
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Frischtak, Claudio. "Multinational Firms' Responses to Integration of Latin American Markets." Business and Politics 6, no. 1 (April 2004): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1081.
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This paper discusses how MNCs reacted to NAFTA and MERCOSUR in terms of their investment and operations patterns in three sectors - automotive, electronics, and apparel - and assesses the likely impact of the upcoming Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). It shows that NAFTA functioned – at least in its first years - as an investment relocation engine, while MNCs' reaction to MERCOSUR was significant only in the automotive sector. The emergence of China and other Asian economies, with their low cost and vast markets, and the progressive enlargement in the scope of MNCs operations, seem to diminish the economic relevance of NAFTA and MERCOSUR. FTAA may provide a new impetus to the integration of the automotive industry in the Americas, and a stronger rationale for a slowdown of plant relocation to Asia in light industries such as electronics and garments. But it is unlikely that it will reverse current trends which point to Asia – with China at the epicenter – as the global magnet for manufacturing and exports.
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Millberg, Will. "Gary Gereffi, David Spener, and Jennifer Bair,Free Trade and Uneven Development: The North American Apparel Industry After Nafta. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002. 426 pp. $27.95 paper." International Labor and Working-Class History 68 (October 2005): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547905260234.
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As textile and apparel production has been at the center of almost every major episode of industrialization since the sixteenth century, so too has it been a vanguard sector in the process of deindustrialization experienced by advanced capitalist countries beginning in the twentieth century. Thus it is no surprise that this sector would play a fascinating role in the world's first postcolonial effort at economic integration between two countries at vastly different levels of economic development. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), implemented in 1994, was expected to speed the two already ongoing trends of a rising apparel sector in Mexico and a steadily declining sector in the United States. US apparel firms would be expected to be an important contributor to Ross Perot's infamous “sucking sound” of jobs moving from the US to Mexico.
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Michaud, Marie-Christine. "Nuovomondo, Ellis Island, and Italian Immigrants: A New Appraisal by Emanuele Crialese." Quaderni d'italianistica 38, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/q.i..v38i1.31140.
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Ellis Island remains in the American collective consciousness a centre of immigration where thousands of Europeans who expected to enter the United States between 1892 and 1954, went through. As such, Ellis Island was a symbolic bridge between the Old World and the New. It is the vision of this bridge, or rather a no man’s land between the two worlds that Emanuele Crialese wants to give of Ellis Island in his movie Nuovomondo (Golden Door in the international version). It deals with the journey to America of a Sicilian family at the beginning of the 20th century. It is divided into three parts, one in Sicily dealing with the departure; the second one is the journey on the ship; the third one extensively deals with the arrival on Ellis Island. The film is rather realistic in the sense that it is widely based upon archival material, which becomes apparent when comparing photographs taken at the turn of the century and the scenes from the movie taking place in Ellis Island. By being realistic Crialese first associates Ellis Island to an alienating island, a devilish place where immigrants experienced trauma and humiliation, even possible deportation. The study of the staging reveals that the place is often seen as a prison and that it is linked to confusion and misunderstanding between the immigrants, their dreams and the requirements of the American immigration officers. Nevertheless, the movie is optimistic and displays a hopeful image of Ellis Island. The main characters manage to be admitted in America then seen as a Promised Land. But, the United States is never presented in the film, which provides a feeling of unreachability, as if Emanuele Crialese had wanted to challenge the myth of “il Nuovomondo” as a Promised Land.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "American Apparel (Firm)"
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Semones, Marianne Rutledge. "Made in Vietnam American apparel and textile firms' operations in Vietnam /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1126294341.
Full textBooks on the topic "American Apparel (Firm)"
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Williams, Amie S. No sweat. [Culver City, Calif.]: Bal-Maiden Films, 2006.
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Werfel, Andreas. Composition Notebook: Shovelhead the Movie - American Apparel Fan Film Movie Notebook Journal Notebook Blank Lined Ruled 6x9 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.
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Werfel, Andreas. Composition Notebook: Shutter! Retro Hip American Apparel Tee Fan Film Movie Notebook Journal Notebook Blank Lined Ruled 6x9 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.
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Mee, Laura. The Shining. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325444.001.0001.
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Taking a fresh look at The Shining (1980), this book situates the film within the history of the horror genre and examines its rightful status as one of the greatest horror movies ever made. It explores how Stanley Kubrick's filmmaking style, use of dark humour, and ambiguous approach to supernatural storytelling complements generic conventions, and it analyses the effective choices made in adapting King's book for the screen—stripping the novel's backstory, rejecting its clear explanations of the Overlook Hotel's hauntings, and emphasizing the strained relationships of the Torrance family. The fractured family unit and patriarchal terror of Kubrick's film, alongside its allusions to issues of gender, race, and class, connect it to themes prevalent in horror cinema by the end of the 1970s, and are shown to offer a critique of American society that chimed with the era's political climate as well as its genre trends. The film's impact on horror cinema and broader pop culture is ever apparent, with homages in everything from Toy Story to American Horror Story. The Shining showed that popular, commercial horror films could be smart, artistic, and original.
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Canjels, Rudmer. Changing Views and Perspectives. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037689.003.0002.
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This chapter examines Pearl White's serials in France and the transformations made in tailoring them to the local French setting during World War I. It first provides an overview of the glocalization of American serial films in France before discussing two of Pearl White's serials, Les Mystères de New-York and The House of Hate (La Maison de la haine). It then considers the marketing adaptations and marketing tie-ins of the serials for the French market, along with the incorporation of anti-German propaganda in their French novelizations. In shows that the adaptation not only aligned promotional material or changing intertitles to accommodate viewership, but also, under the stress of war, localization transformed a supposedly national body of “foreign” films into a highly flexible transnational film form. The chapter also explains how Pearl White's love for France that was often made apparent in her serials boosted the French admiration of her.
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White, Christine. ‘Humming the Sets’. Edited by Robert Gordon and Olaf Jubin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988747.013.17.
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This chapter discusses the impact of stage design on musical theatre, and the development of musical theatre as a product packaged for consumption across the world. Its focus is chiefly on British musicals of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, during which ‘scenography’ has become recognized as the term for describing the whole theatre-designed space, encompassing, set, costume, sound, light, and more recently including film, animations, and a host of projection technologies and digital media. The chapter refers to contemporary reviews of productions, their success and failure, and the nature of the musical as a form in harmony with new scenic production aesthetics. What becomes apparent in this chapter is the interconnectedness of scenic practices and production aesthetics, which relates directly to the visual impact of musicals on the British stage and the interchange of production styles and modes of the UK and North America.
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D’agati, Janine, and Hannah Schiff. From Sleepwear to Sportswear. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350232006.
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Women wearing pants poses provocative questions: When did it start? Who invented this fashion? How scandalous was it? Were women really arrested? Prior to the 1920s it was a rarity to see women in the Western world wearing pants, but as the silk pajama trouser suit moved from the boudoir to the beach in the early 1920s it cemented the image of the trousered woman. Worn by Jean Harlow and Marlene Dietrich, painted by Raoul Dufy and immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night, pajamas came to symbolise much more than sleepwear: this book explores how much the pajama phenomenon was not only critical to the careers of designers such as Chanel, Patou, Poiret, and Schiaparelli, but how the versatile garment was also bound to the independence of women and influenced culture more broadly. Through meticulous research and never-before-seen images, the authors position pajama fashion in the context of the Golden Age of Travel, the rise of Hollywood, and the changing political climate of the early 20th century, to reveal how the rising trend in sleepwear influenced the image of the trousered woman now associated with The American Look. In the period between the two world wars, pajamas transformed the fashion landscape. Emerging from ladies’ boudoirs in the late 1910s as a new outdoor mode, “beach pajamas” were among the first trousered women’s attire for public wear in the West. The popularity of pajamas at seaside resorts opened the door for other trousered apparel for women—from satin and lace ensembles to workwear-inspired denim jumpsuits— to be marketed under the “pajama” umbrella, ultimately familiarizing the public with the image of women in pants. By the late 1930s beach pajamas had been immortalized by the likes of Raul Dufy and F. Scott Fitzgerald and graced the covers of Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar, and the New Yorker. With examples from the interwar period’s most influential designers, including Coco Chanel, Elsa Schiaparelli, and Madeleine Vionnet, as well as previously unpublished images from period photographs, private holdings, and museum collections, this is the first book to trace beach pajamas from their earliest appearances as anti-fashion garments at the close of the 1910s, to fanciful, feminine iterations of the 1920s and 1930s, to their evolution into the height of sportswear. From Sleepwear to Sportswear frames beach pajamas as liminal garments that straddle the lines between masculine and feminine, East and West, public and private, and sportswear and lingerie. Using context from the golden age of travel, the Hollywood film industry, the Great Depression, and a growing modernist zeitgeist, D’Agati and Schiff present new research to establish beach pajamas as an important foundation of American sportswear.
Book chapters on the topic "American Apparel (Firm)"
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Margalina, Vasilica-Maria, Marcela Karina Benítez Gaibor, Juan Pablo Martínez Mesías, and Edgar Freddy Robalino Peña. "Why the Latin American Footwear Industry Still Lags Behind in E-Commerce Adoption." In Management and Inter/Intra Organizational Relationships in the Textile and Apparel Industry, 175–99. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1859-5.ch008.
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Latin American countries have made important investments in digital infrastructure, but there is still an important gap in information and communication technologies (ICT) and e-commerce adoption. The objective of this chapter is to analyze e-commerce adoption by the footwear manufacturing firms of Ecuador. For this purpose, a sample of firms of the province of Tungurahua has been analyzed. Results show that the dominance of micro-businesses in the sector, age, the low level of education and of computer literacy are barriers to e-commerce adoption in this industry. Additionally, it was found that the behavior of micro-businesses and small firms in terms of e-commerce adoption is different. The results are important for governments that want to grow e-commerce adoption among businesses, as they show that additionally to economic and sociopolitical factors, the characteristics of business sectors, and individual characteristics of the business owner are key drivers for ITC adoption.
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Harvey, James. "Kaufman’s Dissensus." In Jacques Rancière and the Politics of Art Cinema, 63–81. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423786.003.0004.
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Exploring the tensions between the themes and visual style, Charlie Kaufman’s Synecdoche, New York is an exemplary manifestation of dissensus: ‘the presence of two worlds in one’ (Rancière, 2010: 37). Staging and subsequently thwarting middle-class America and classical Hollywood style, the film ultimately allows us to envision ways of being beyond the apparent “end of history”. Yet, in so doing, the film also highlights the tendency towards irony in contemporary American art cinema: a feedback-loop, art-housing the art film spectator safely, intellectually, inside the space of the film. This takes us to the political impasse of art cinema in general: when formal innovation meets cultural critique, a redistribution of the sensible occurs and makes possible subsequent changes outside of the cinema.
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Roett, Riordan. "Dilma Rousseff." In Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190224523.003.0007.
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Unlike many presidents in Latin America, Lula chose to follow the Constitution and not attempt to change it to allow for a third term. In spite of pressure from the PT, he remained firm and it soon became apparent that he had “chosen” the PT...
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Graber, Naomi. "Living History." In Kurt Weill's America, 129–69. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190906580.003.0005.
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The national conversation about immigration shifted as the Great Depression gave way to World War II. This is apparent in two works that concern the “origin story” of America: the musical Knickerbocker Holiday (1938) and the film Where Do We Go from Here? (1944). Whereas Knickerbocker Holiday paints America as vulnerable to the fascism that had taken hold in Europe, Where Do We Go from Here? holds up the nation as a bastion of freedom and democracy. Weill also tried to feel out the international market with The Firebrand of Florence (1945), but that proved to be the greatest professional miscalculation of his U.S. career. This chapter also discusses the composer’s other wartime activities.
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"Heritage and the Incompleteness of Democracy." In Heritage and Democracy, edited by Jon D. Daehnke and Kathryn Lafrenz Samuels, 247–60. University Press of Florida, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069623.003.0013.
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The constant and often swiftly changing nature of contemporary events presents challenges to any effort to draw firm conclusions about the current state of democracy in general, and the role of heritage within the practice of democracy more specifically. Still, “heritage” provides a powerful proxy by which we can reflect upon these types of challenges present in fluid democratic situations. Heritage also provides an informative lens through which to view the ways that some communities are addressing the challenges of this ever-changing democratic landscape. This can be especially apparent in the case of Indigenous Nations, who have a history of asserting heritage values in democratic landscapes and creatively adapting to any new challenges. Recently, this has included the growing role of Indigenous land trusts in efforts to protect cultural heritage, recent legal and policy changes created to better address repatriation of Native American cultural items and control over research on those materials, broader collaborations with educational entities and local governments, and the heritage possibilities created by the recent governmental appointments of two Native Americans, Deb Haaland of the U.S. Department of Interior and Charles F. Sams III to the U.S. National Park Service.
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Yazell, Bryan. "Tramps in the Machine: Interwar British Vagrancy." In The American Vagrant in Literature, 92–122. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399506717.003.0004.
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The discursive project established in the previous chapter, which hinges on identifying and containing vagrant subjects, explodes to the forefront of government policy during the 1930s. As this chapter argues, the incorporation of vagrant white men into workhouses reflects a turning point in the popular discourse around migrancy: the tramp as Davies knew it disappears almost entirely during the interwar period. The social ramifications of this disappearance are apparent in George Orwell’s Down and Out in Paris and London (1933) and Charlie Chaplin’s film, Modern Times (1935), which both describe how government oversight brought an end to unregulated mobility in Britain. In these accounts, vagrants are citizens in need of rehabilitation rather than social outcasts to be punished. Their incorporation into governmental institutions like the casual ward fulfils Davies’s earlier call for greater management of vagrancy, but tramps suffer from the invasive medical scrutiny and meagre provisions the wards provide. Ultimately, this chapter connects Orwell to more modern critiques of the population control associated with biopower as elaborated by theorists such as Lauren Berlant.
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Leeder, Murray, and Murray Leeder. "Halloween: How It Came into the World." In Halloween, 25–36. Liverpool University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906733797.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses how Halloween (1978) was developed and created. John Carpenter's name appears above the title on Halloween, but the project existed before he came on board. Independent film producer Irwin Yablans rightly claims the mantle of ‘The Man Who Created Halloween’, the title of his 2012 autobiography. The project reached Carpenter with the tentative title The Babysitter Murders before it became Halloween shortly thereafter; but Carpenter is still quick to credit Yablans for conceiving the title and the concept. Yablans' marketing and distribution ingenuity played a large role in securing Halloween's success but it went far beyond anyone's expectations, reportedly making back its original budget sixty-fold in its initial release alone. It seems apparent that Halloween was uniquely positioned to benefit from overlapping currents in the New Hollywood, the American independent cinema, ‘youth cinema’, and the horror film. Halloween was also well positioned to benefit from a new wave of academic interest in the horror film.
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Baker, Courtney R. "Movin’ on Up—and Out." In Black Cultural Production after Civil Rights, 94–118. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042775.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the visual culture of 1970s Black America, focusing especially on popular culture artifacts such as film, television, and comics, to make sense of the idea of movement in the postsegregationist United States. It attends to the representation of black people in various locations—from the inner city to the suburbs to a historical memory of the plantation slavery, the middle passage, and an African motherland—in visual forms, including Afrocentrist iconography, photography, and fine art. By attending to popular images, an important if not fuller picture of Black visual politics during the post-civil rights era becomes apparent.
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Gibbs, Raymond W. "Metarepresentations in Staged Communicative Acts." In Metarepresentations, 389–410. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195141146.003.0014.
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Abstract Speakers often say things to others that appear, on one level anyway, not to be serious. Consider the following conversation between two parents (Bill and Pat) and their teenage son (Grant) from the documentary film series The American Family. The conversation takes place in the family’s backyard by the swimming pool. Grant knew earlier that his parents wanted to talk about his apparent disinterest in summer work. In the preceding scene, Grant complained to his sister, Delilah, about his parents’ request to have this chat, so it is clear that Grant, and his parents to some extent, were not looking forward to this confrontation. The con versation starts with Bill summoning Grant over to where Bill and Pat are sitting by the pool.
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Keats, Jonathon. "Flog." In Virtual Words. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195398540.003.0019.
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In the fall of 2006 a typical American couple named Jim and Laura drove an RV from Nevada to Georgia, blogging about their encounters with Wal-Mart employees and customers. Because Wal-Mart was one of their favorite stores, they found plenty to praise, including the morale of clerks and corporate health care benefits. Yet there was another reason their excursion reflected so well on the notoriously ruthless company: the trip was financed, and their blogging paid for, by Wal-Mart’s public relations agency. Less besotted by big box stores than were Laura and Jim, other bloggers soon began taunting them, publicly questioning whether WalmartingAcrossAmerica.com was a sham. The backlash threatened to go viral. The site was hastily dismantled, and the PR firm brusquely apologized. Yet the incident was immortalized on the strength of a word that perfectly embodied the flacks’ marketing folly. Walmarting Across America became the first big flog. Flog is not an unusual coinage for the web, where words are routinely mashed up to accommodate intersecting ideas and high-speed typing. Films combining porno and gore are sometimes dubbed gorno, and the proliferation of girdles for men has begotten the mirdle. Even flog has had several other incarnations, including abbreviations for family blog, food blog, photo blog, and For the love of God. What distinguishes the current example is the cunning play on words, the sly (if less than subtle) reference to flogging, old slang for selling goods of dubious merit, derived from cant for flagellation. Used in reference to flack blogs such as Walmarting Across America, flog sounds like what it is: a term for PR chicanery. Flog has much to recommend it linguistically, not least its appropriation of blog, one of the most successful neologisms in Internet history. Yet despite its mix of pedigree and wit, flog is well on its way to oblivion. Flog has foundered for many of the reasons that blog has flourished, and their apparent similarities reveal their real differences. Both words originated as contractions, yet blog was almost as arbitrary as flog was deliberate.
Conference papers on the topic "American Apparel (Firm)"
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Liza, Sharmine Akther, Naimur Rahman Chowdhury, and MD Rakib Rayhan. "Assessing Performance and Improving Productivity Through Identification of Sewing Defects: A Multi Criteria Based Case Study in an Apparel Firm in Bangladesh." In 2nd South American Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/sa02.20210568.
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Taam, Damon M. K., and Chuck Conklin. "Supplemental Pit Fire Control Deluge System: Spokane Regional Waste to Energy Facility." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2338.
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After sixteen years of operation, it became apparent that the pit fire protection system installed during construction of the Spokane Regional Waste to Energy (WTE) Facility (1989–1991) was inadequate. A risk analysis was performed by Creighton Engineering Inc., a fire protection consulting firm, hired by the Spokane Regional Solid Waste System (Regional System) and Wheelabrator Spokane Inc. With input from Spokane County Fire District 10 and the City of Spokane Fire Department, a replacement supplemental fire protection system was designed and ultimately installed. This paper will describe the problems with the once state of the art fire system and the planning, design and installation of the new system.
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Chorney, Terris, and Denise Hamsher. "The Evolution of Risk Management at Enbridge Pipelines." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-100.
Full textAbstract:
1999 marks an important anniversary for Enbridge Pipelines Inc. of Canada and its U.S.-based affiliate, the Lakehead Pipe Line Company Ltd.: for 50 years we have been the primary link between the large oil production areas of western Canada and major market hubs in the U.S. midwest and eastern Canada. In retrospect, this strong history of success is chiefly due to thorough and logical planning and choice selection in all aspects of company endeavors. At Enbridge, as in countless other firms in a wide-range of industries, decision making was often the product of expert consensus and years of solid experience in dealing with similar situations. This approach has worked well for Enbridge and our stakeholders for five decades, as evidenced by the reliability, efficiency, and safety record of our pipeline system. However, as the millenium nears, we are increasingly finding formalized processes that integrate quantitative models and qualitative analysis helpful in planning and execution for both the short- and long-term. Several broad trends at the root of this movement include the heightened pace of change; the increasingly complex web of relevant factors; the growing magnitude of the consequences associated with sub-optimal decisions; the need for thorough documentation; and the apparent benefits of a framework that enables objectivity and consistency. In short, an approach that completely and systematically evaluates the multitude of dynamic factors that affect the ultimate outcome of the matter at issue is necessary. Although the term “risk management” is now often used to describe this process, Enbridge — along with many other responsible firms in the pipeline operating and other industries — has always practiced the underlying principles. This paper addresses the background of “risk management” in both the Canadian and U.S. pipeline industry, as well as accepted theory. It also encompasses the progression of risk management at Enbridge Pipelines, up to and including current initiatives. The usefulness of risk analysis, risk assessment, and risk management tools will be discussed, along with the overriding necessity of a well thought-out process, firm corporate commitment, and qualified expertise. Much of the focus will address the ongoing evolution and maturity of a comprehensive and well-integrated risk management program within the Enbridge North American business units. The criticality of maintaining focus on the core business function — in this case, pipeline operations — will also be addressed. In addition, past learning’s as well as future opportunities and challenges will be reviewed.
Reports on the topic "American Apparel (Firm)"
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Gallego, Juan Miguel, and Luis H. Gutiérrez. ICTs in Latin American and the Caribbean Firms: Stylized Facts, Programs and Policies: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Ca. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007003.
Full textAbstract:
Adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has been slow in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries and is not widespread. There is a digital divide between and within countries, including a digital gap in firms' adoption of ICTs. Large and medium-sized enterprises generally have access to the Internet, but adoption of advanced ICTs is low for all firms in these economies, and small and micro enterprises lag way behind. The backwardness in ICT adoption is exacerbated when only a small fraction of society has high connectivity broadband. Thus the digital infrastructure remains weak despite regional governments' promotion of a digital agenda. Bolder programs are needed. The success of public initiatives requires a competitive environment for internet and telecom service providers as well strong participation of the private sector and public-private partnerships. In particular, the engagement of large firms is necessary to increase ICTs diffusion in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are part of their production chains. Additionally, coordination among different government agencies is critical for improving ICT policies design and implementation. The relevance of well-designed ICT policies is apparent in empirical and qualitative evidence from Chile, Colombia and Uruguay, where ICT investment indicates a positive impact on firm innovation and productivity. As part of what some call the digital ecosystem, the IT industry plays an important role, but we observe large heterogeneity in the LAC region. Brazil and Mexico are two big players with relatively well-developed software and hardware industries oriented to the domestic market, while Costa Rica and Uruguay emerge as IT producers and exporters. In between, medium-sized countries like Argentina, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador are looking for a position in either their internal or external markets. To increase performance in the IT industry and complement the existing ecosystem, ICT policies must be accompanied by industrial programs that go beyond the usual horizontal industrial policies.
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Bernal, Raquel, and Marcela Eslava. Switching from Payroll Taxes to Corporate Income Taxes. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009369.
Full textAbstract:
The Colombian 2012 tax reform reduced payroll taxes and employer contributions to health insurance by 13.5%, while also increasing corporate income taxes, and leaving untouched the benefits to workers financed through these taxes. Shifting taxation from formal employment to other business activities is a policy recipe under heated discussion in Latin America. In this context, the reform offers an ideal laboratory to study empirically the potential distortions against formal employment associated with payroll taxes in contrast to other taxes to firms. Using monthly firm-level data on all formal employment in the country, and a difference-in-difference approach that takes advantage of the fact that a few sectors were exempt from the 2012 tax reform, we analyze the impact of the reform on employment and wages. We find a positive average effect of 4.3% on employment and of 2.7% on average firm wage, for the average firm. The employment effect is identified only for micro and small firms, while we do not find a significant employment effect for medium and large firms, where the bulk of the employment is concentrated. According to these estimates, between January and May of 2015 about 145K new jobs were created by virtue of the reform. Though our findings on employment are less robust than those on wages, they are generally supportive of efforts to reduce payroll taxes, which are still high in the country. Since the apparent lack of effect for medium and large employers may be due to these firms being more sensitive to the increase in corporate taxation that financed the reduction in payroll taxes, our results also raise concerns about this particular way of financing the reform, especially formedium and large firms, which according to our data represent 70% of formal employment.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
Full textAbstract:
In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.