Academic literature on the topic 'American and European airline websites'

This article gives an overview of the major developments on the EU aviation scene between 1 December 2007 and 30 June 2008. In particular: — There were important EU external aviation policy developments during the period under review. The main development was the coming into force of the EU/US Open Skies Agreement. In addition, the Commission has continued its drive to conclude a number of horizontal air services agreements. — Partly as a result of the EU/US Open Skies Agreement and partly due to other economic factors including, in particular, the worsening economic climate,rocketing fuel prices and overcapacity (especially in the US), a number of consolidation transactions were announced (mergers or integrated alliances) during the period under review. They include the Delta/Northwest merger and the alliance arrangements between Continental, United Airlines and a number of other Star Alliance carriers. American Airlines and British Airways were also rumoured to be preparing another application for antitrust immunity (the two earlier applications failed). — There were also a number of other important competition law developments.The Commission continued its vigorous pursuit of infringement proceedings against carriers that have allegedly participated in illegal cartel behaviour. The battle between Aer Lingus and Ryanair also continued to rage, with Aer Lingus failing to obtain interim measures from the Court of First Instance stopping Ryanair from exercising voting rights linked to its minority shareholding in Aer Lingus. — There was a lot of activity in the State aid field during the period under review.There were certain noteworthy developments in the various ongoing Olympic investigations, while the loan granted by the Italian government to Alitalia also came under scrutiny. The Commission launched a number of investigations into start–up aid granted to Ryanair at a number of regional airports, which the Commission considers may be incompatible with the EU State aid rules. Finally,Ryanair also continued its fight trying to protect its business model, with developments in Ryanair’s appeal against the Commission’s Charleroi decision and the launch of proceedings against the Commission for alleged failure to act with regard to two complaints Ryanair submitted against alleged illegal airport aid granted to Lufthansa and Air France. — Finally, there were a number of important regulatory developments during the period under review, including (a) the European Parliament’s first reading of the Commission’s proposal for a new CRS Code of Conduct; (b) the adoption by the Commission of a Communication providing its views on a number of issues resulting from the review process of the present Slot Code of Conduct; (c) the adoption by the Council of Ministers for the Environment of a common position with regard to the Commission’s proposal to include aircraft emissions in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme; and (d) the publication by Consumer Commissioner Kuneva on the interim results of a crackdown on misleading aviation websites. Each of these points will be examined in greater detail in the sections below.

The emergence of the Internet as a commercialization method has offered organizations many opportunities. However, when buyers want to execute a transaction online, a certain distrust typically accompanies the need to provide personal data. To address this problem, assurance seals have been designed for use on websites. Different guarantee logos certify compliance with buyer protection laws and offer transparency in the commercial process. Thus, assurance seals displayed on the websites of sellers that adhere to a specific trust system allow consumers to choose among entities that have publicly committed to best business practices. We researched 130 sellers in Europe and Latin America that adhere to assurance seals in order to determine the influence of such seals. Our research shows that the use of trust seals increases Internet sales for more than 66% of these companies, improves their corporate image, enhances the number of potential buyers who visit their websites, and generally captures consumers’ attention.

The low-fare airline business has dramatically changed the face of commercial aviation in Europe. The main idea and strategy of airlines following this approach is to focus on cheap fares rather than comfort for passengers. However, the majority of low-fare airlines do not simply copy a given system of their competitors; rather, they design their own strategy by implementing various elements which can be considered as “low-fare”-related. The authors of this article seek to lay a theoretical groundwork in the analysis of low-fare airlines. We employ the “McDonaldization” model of economic sociologist George Ritzer, which was heavily influenced by the German economist and sociologist Max Weber, to analyze cost-saving methods of the Irish airline Ryanair.The authors show how McDonaldization is able to mirror and describe this current trend in the aviation business. According to the results of this study, ‘Ryanair’ (and not its American counterpart Southwest Airlines often used as a synonym for low-fare airlines) is the airline which has most radically applied the low-fare idea.

The way in which public sector entities disseminate information publicly is affected by the degree of transparency adopted, and the construction and management of websites are increasingly essential elements of modern public administration. Nonetheless, differences in this process exist among governments worldwide, probably due to different contextual factors. This article examines and discusses the approach of Anglo-Saxon, South American and Continental European central governments to the use of the Web as a means of making financial disclosures. To measure the disclosure of governmental financial information on the Internet, an index has been defined, taking into consideration the data considered to be relevant for a potential user, gathering the data visiting their websites. The results show that the way different countries use the Web for financial disclosure is deeply rooted in and follows from their administrative culture. In conclusion, the Continental European and South American governments should improve their digital reporting.

Aer Lingus has been an unique airline as it transitioned from a full-service airline to a low-cost carrier and is currently positioned as a value hybrid airline. It has coexisted with Ryanair for decades and it encountered three imminent periods where bankruptcy prevailed from 1993 to 2009. The research aims to uncover the various strategies that were applied to structurally re-engineer the carrier in order to adapt to its evolving competitive landscape. The key pillars underpinning Aer Lingus’ turnaround as a value hybrid were as follows: strict adherence to capacity discipline; relentless cost control and value-adding, consumer-driven product differentiation; innovative partnerships including contract flying to alleviate its problematic seasonality issues inherent in Aer Lingus markets; and by re-engineering its Dublin-based hub airport. A visionary master plan for the hub was fabricated to capitalize on Ireland’s geographical positioning which targeted the traffic flows between UK/European and North American destinations through its synchronized connection network at Dublin.

In this study, the relationships between cargo revenues, ancillary revenues and net profitability of airline companies were examined in the examples of three full-service airline companies (Turkish Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines). Methodologically, a logarithmic econometric model was used in which cargo revenues and ancillary revenues were included as independent variables and net profit as the dependent variables. The data used for the period 2014Q1-2019Q4 were collected from the annual reports on the official websites of related airline companies and The International Air Transport Association (IATA). EViews 10 and STATA-15 versions, which are the most modern econometric analysis programs that can be used to control the stationarity, were used in the analysis of the data. In addition to econometric analyzes and general statistics, Cross Section dependency tests, CADF second-generation unit root tests, Delta slope homogeneity tests, Panel cointegration analysis, Westerlund Panel cointegration tests and Dumitrescu Hurlin Panel Causality tests and Breusch Pagan LM Tests were also performed. The study revealed that there is cointegration between cargo revenues, ancillary revenues and net profit, and there is a one-way causality relationship from both cargo revenues to net profit and from ancillary revenues to net profit. The study also indicated a positive correlation between cargo revenues and ancillary revenues and net profit. In other words, cargo revenues and ancillary revenues have a positive effect on the net profit of airline companies. In addition, the study found that aviation ancillary revenues provide an important resource for airline companies; furthermore, two US companies are among the top three companies with the highest revenues in the world in terms of cargo and ancillary revenues; also showed that Turkish Airlines' ancillary revenues are lower than those of these two US companies. On the other hand, the study showed that the contribution of Turkish Airlines cargo revenues to net profit is much higher than the other two companies.

Abstract The draft of the American Law Institute’s Restatement of Consumer Contracts reflects the jurisdiction of the US courts on the ‘adoption’ (as the draft calls it) of standard contract terms into consumer contracts. This draft is of great value to European lawyers in understanding US developments, but it may also stimulate a reflection on the state and possible evolution of European legal systems. It turns out that in the United States, as in Europe, the law on the adoption of standard contract terms is still heavily influenced by cases from the pre-digital and paleo-digital era. This article explains the rules of the Restatement for the adoption of standard contract terms, tests their functionality, in particular using the example of websites, makes some drafting suggestions and puts forward a proposal for the further development of the law on the adoption of standard contract terms of websites. The adoption of standard contract terms governing the use of a website should not require that consumers receive a notice of the standard contract terms prior to entering that website. The requirements for the adoption of standard contract terms should be seen as mainly, if not only, having the purpose of pinpointing the wording of a contract for later reference if necessary.

Abstract This industry note focuses on the seasonal variability in air traffic services and highlights the differences between air service capacity provision in Europe and North America. We explore the manifestations and measurement of seasonality, looking at the trends across airport communities and among airlines in the two continental regions. The relationship between airline network structure and seasonality is also explored in the study. We argue that there are a complex set of drivers of the observed differences in air traffic seasonality and set out a research agenda for further investigation.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-71).
Commercial Aircraft are commonly acquired by an airline in a contract that specifies a fixed quantity of firm orders as well as options that allow the airline to obtain additional aircraft at a future time for an agreed price. This option purchasing process allows the customer to avoid taking delivery of aircraft if economic circumstances are not favorable. However, this model can have drawbacks in circumstances when the product in question is in very high demand. Exercising a rolling-style aircraft purchase option in such circumstances may result in a delivery lag of several years, during which profitable opportunities may be lost. Shortening the time between exercising an option and taking delivery of the aircraft would allow for better timing of the delivery and reduce the effect of a significant negative event such as an economic recession or a terrorist attack occurring between the exercise date and the delivery date.
(cont.) In this thesis, an alternative purchasing system using fixed-term aircraft purchase options is presented. In this system, customers are able to make the decision to exercise an option at a later point in time, with more information, yet receive the aircraft at the same time as the current system. Additionally, in situations where the decision to accept an aircraft has been made, it will allow the customer to acquire the aircraft sooner. The proposed alternative system is presented and the potential benefits and difficulties are discussed including potential incentives for manufacturers to offer such a system. A simulation is presented to compare the relative value of a fixed-term option to a rolling option under hypothetical circumstances. The simulation shows that under the circumstances modeled, the fixed-term option system is superior to the existing rolling option system in yield environments where profitability is close to zero. This advantage decreases as profitability increases and at very high profitability levels, such as in a very strong passenger yield environment, the existing option structure is superior. The results are consistent over a wide range of average consumer fares and discount rates.
by Owen Miller.
S.M.

The objectiv of my work is determined on the basis accessible information from airline and producers acceptable long-range aircreft type. The book of aeronautics, aircraft, aeronautice magazíne and internet webside helped me to write this thesis.