Journal articles: 'America'

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Thomas, W. W. "The American genera of Simaroubaceae and their distribution." Acta Botanica Brasilica 4, no. 1 (July 1990): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33061990000100002.

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A review of the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamilies of Simaroubaceae is presented and the distribution patterns of the American genera are discussed. Engler's six subfamilies are evaluated and the three subfamilies represented in the Americas and their included genera are discussed in detail. The eight American genera fall into three broad distributional categories: widely distributed throughout the neotropics, limited to northern South America, and disjunct between the West Indies, Central America and Mexico and southern South America. These distributions are discussed and interpreted.

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Willard, William. "Contemporary Native Peoples of the Americas: Contemporary Cultures of Native American Communities in South America, Meso America, and North America." Wicazo Sa Review 3, no. 2 (1987): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1408988.

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Bhuiyan, Haider A. "Muslim Immigrants in the Early 20th Century America: Some Have Forsaken, While Others Preserved Their Identity." Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 25, no. 2 (December 3, 2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ws.25.1.1882.

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This article explores the challenges that immigrant Muslims faced in pre-1965 America in their efforts to find acceptance within the American host society. To understand this phenomenon I have used the ethnographic methods of research and collecting data focusing on a Palestinian Muslim family (Abukhdeir) who came to America in 1910 and settled in Provo, Utah as Kader family and adopted Mormonism. As such, this article demonstrates that the identity crisis of early generation Muslim immigrants resulted in the following consequences: (1) Who assimilated to the prevailing American melting pot culture of mainstream society, including converting to American religions; (2) Who did not assimilate, rather escaped the pressure of assimilation by returning to their home countries and resettled there without coming back to live in America; and (3) Who both assimilated and preserved their Islamic identities, as they were the children of returnees, which coincided with the wake of multiculturalism in America in the late 1960s. These grown-up children of the returnees then shared the new process of assimilation into the multicultural America, replacing melting pot culture, and affiliated with the fastest growing Muslim communities.Artikel ini membahas tantangan yang dihadapi imigran Muslim di Amerika pra-1965 untuk diterima oleh masyarakat Amerika. Untuk memahami fenomena ini, penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi dan mengumpulkan data yang berfokus pada keluarga Muslim Palestina, Abukhdeir, yang datang ke Amerika pada tahun 1910 dan menetap di Provo, Utah sebagai keluarga Kader lalu mengadopsi Mormonisme. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa krisis identitas imigran Muslim generasi awal menghasilkan konsekuensi berikut: (1) Berasimilasi dengan budaya Amerika, yang berlaku di masyarakat mayoritas, termasuk beralih ke agama-agama Amerika; (2) Tidak berasimilasi, keluar dari tekanan asimilasi dengan kembali ke negara asal mereka dan bermukim di sana tanpa harus tinggal di Amerika; dan (3) Berasimilasi dan mempertahankan identitas Islam, sebagai keturunan dari para imigran yang kembali, bersamaan dengan menguatnya multikulturalisme di Amerika pada akhir 1960an. Keturunan dari para imigran yang kembali ini kemudian membentuk proses asimilasi baru dalam budaya multikultural Amerika, menggantikan budaya peleburan “melting pot”, dan berafiliasi dengan komunitas Muslim yang berkembang dengan cepat.

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Frailey, Carl David, and Kenneth E. Campbell. "Two new genera of peccaries (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Tayassuidae) from upper Miocene deposits of the Amazon Basin." Journal of Paleontology 86, no. 5 (September 2012): 852–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-012.1.

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Two new, extinct taxa of peccaries from upper Miocene deposits of the western Amazon Basin provide the first data documenting the presence of these North American mammals in South America in the Miocene. One, Sylvochoerus woodburnei n. gen. n. sp., is allied morphologically to Tayassu pecari, whereas the second, Waldochoerus bassleri n. gen. n. sp., is more similar to Pecari tajacu. Both new taxa reflect an intermediate position between middle Miocene peccaries and modern Tayassu and Pecari. The specimens reported here were unstudied, but when collected they were referred to living species of Tayassu and Pecari based on their general similarity to species of those two living genera, and they were dated to the Pleistocene, presumably based on a long–standing model of the Great American Faunal Interchange. The presence of peccaries in South America at approximately the same time that South American ground sloths began appearing in upper Miocene deposits of North America, and soon after the appearance of gomphotheres in South America, indicates that dispersal between the Americas was earlier and involved more taxa than previously interpreted. Molecular divergence data are consistent, in part, with a late Miocene dispersal of peccaries to South America.

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Hamre, James S. "America-America Letters: a Norwegian-American Family Correspondence." Annals of Iowa 61, no. 4 (October 2002): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.10635.

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Allen, Robert C., Tommy E. Murphy, and Eric B. Schneider. "The Colonial Origins of the Divergence in the Americas: A Labor Market Approach." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 4 (December 14, 2012): 863–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000629.

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This article introduces the Americas in the Great Divergence debate by measuring real wages in various North and South American cities between colonization and independence, and comparing them to Europe and Asia. We find that for much of the period, North America was the most prosperous region of the world, while Latin America was much poorer. We then discuss a series of hypotheses that can explain these results, including migration, the demography of the American Indian populations, and the various labor systems implemented in the continent.

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Ficek, Rosa E. "Imperial routes, national networks and regional projects in the Pan-American Highway, 1884–1977." Journal of Transport History 37, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526616654699.

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This article discusses the planning and construction of the Pan-American Highway by focusing on interactions among engineers, government officials, manufacturers, auto enthusiasts, and road promoters from the United States and Latin America. It considers how the Pan-American Highway was made by projects to extend U.S. influence in Latin America but also by Latin American nationalist and regionalist projects that put forward alternative ideas about social and cultural difference—and cooperation—across the Americas. The transnational negotiations that shaped the Pan-American Highway show how roads, as they bring people and places into contact with each other, mobilize diverse actors and projects that can transform the geography and meaning of these technologies.

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Raitz, Karl. "American Roads, Roadside America." Geographical Review 88, no. 3 (July 1998): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/216015.

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Raitz, Karl. "AMERICAN ROADS, ROADSIDE AMERICA*." Geographical Review 88, no. 3 (April 21, 2010): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.1998.tb00113.x.

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Mucha, Janusz. "Polish America, American Poland." History of European Ideas 20, no. 1-3 (January 1995): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(95)92998-a.

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Prashad, Vijay. "From Multiculture to Polyculture in South Asian American Studies." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 8, no. 2 (September 1999): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.8.2.185.

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In 1997, Contours of the Heart: South Asians Map North America won the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation (Maira and Srikanth). This was unexpected, not because of the quality of the book, but principally because of the little attention hitherto given to those who write about the “new immigrants” of the Americas (including South Asians, Filipinos, Southeast Asians, Africans, and West Asians). Prior to 1997, scholars and writers of South Asian America had been known to skulk in the halls of even such marginal events as the Asian American Studies Association and complain about the slight presence of South Asian American panels. That complaint can now be put to rest.

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Qamber, Rukhsana. "Family Matters." ISLAMIC STUDIES 60, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v60i3.1791.

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History has so far paid scant attention to Muslims in the earliest phase of colonizing the Americas. As a general policy, the Spanish Crown prohibited all non-Catholics from going to early Spanish America. Nevertheless, historians recognize that a few Muslims managed to secretly cross the Atlantic Ocean with the European settlers during the sixteenth century. Later they imported African Muslim slaves but historians considered both Africans and indigenous peoples passive participants in forming Latin American society until evidence refuted these erroneous views. Furthermore, the public had assumed that only single Spanish men went to the American unknown until historians challenged this view, and now women’s role is fully recognized in the colonizing enterprise. Additionally, despite the ban on non-Catholics, researchers found many Jews in the Americas, even if the Spanish Inquisition found out and killed almost all of them. In line with revisionist history, my research pioneers in three aspects. It demonstrates that Muslim men and women went to early Spanish America. Also, the Spanish Crown allowed Muslims to legally go to its American colonies. Additionally, the documents substantiate my new findings that Muslims went to sixteenth-century Latin America as complete families. They mostly proceeded out of Spain as the wards or servant-slaves of Spanish settlers after superficially converting to Catholicism. The present study follows two case studies that record Muslim families in early sixteenth-century Spanish America. Paradoxically, their very persecutor—the Spanish Church and its terrible Inquisitorial arm—established their contested belief in Islam.

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Ciferri, Alberto. "Socio-economic Inequalities in the Americas—A Mitigating Educational Approach." Journal of Education and Development 2, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v2i3.501.

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A long-range educational approach aiming to mitigate the social and economic inequalities in the Americas is presented. The approach is based on a history book that emphasizes the socio-economic evolution in 28 countries of the American Continent. The book is currently used for courses in pilot schools in Central America and its extension is planned to leading institutions in North America. A phenomenological framework facilitates the identification of novel strategies for the harmonization of different ethnic groups and economic development.

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Hashemi, Manata. "Journey into America." American Journal of Islam and Society 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v28i2.1257.

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Akbar Ahmed’s latest book, Journey into America: The Challenge of Islam,has become one of the first comprehensive ethnographic studies of theMuslim community in America. Ahmed and his team of young researchersoffer a keen anthropological analysis of American Muslims that spans overseventy-five cities, one hundred mosques, and two thousand interviews.A modern-day version of Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America,Journey into America charts the various historical, social, and ideologicaltrajectories that have shaped both American and Muslim identities. Assuch, the work represents one of the first post-9/11 sociological commentariesthat attempt to define the nature of American Muslim identity and thepossibilities for its reevaluation. Over the course of nine chapters, Ahmedlays out for a general audience the groundwork for precisely such anendeavor ...

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Anggara, Dimas. "The Death Of Captain America Represents The Failure Of The American Dream." Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 4, no. 2 (March 11, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v4i2.44.

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American Dream is a concept that plays an important role in the American history and its society. The main values of the American Dream are life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. These are represented in Captain America, carrier of the spirit of America to the world. Captain America, the main character in a comic, also preserved the values in the American Dream, so it is proven that there is a relation between Captain America and the American Dream. The problem is that there are changes in the way people see the concept of the American Dream today. It is because many people tend to simplify the values in which the concept off ers. This paper examines the relation between the change of perspective and the way the people in the U.S in applying the American Dream with the death of Captain America as the representation of the American Dream. This paper argues that the Death of Captain America can be a representation of the failure in the concept because Captain America died defending what he believed as the true American Dream that all the people in the U.S should preserve. Thus, many people believe the values which Captain America preserved are no longer suitable in the society today.

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Herrera, Michael B., Spiridoula Kraitsek, Jose A. Alcalde, Daniel Quiroz, Herman Revelo, Luz A. Alvarez, Millor F. Rosario, et al. "European and Asian contribution to the genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 2 (February 2020): 191558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191558.

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Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) from the Americas have long been recognized as descendants of European chickens, transported by early Europeans since the fifteenth century. However, in recent years, a possible pre-Columbian introduction of chickens to South America by Polynesian seafarers has also been suggested. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial control region genetic diversity of modern chicken populations from South America and compare this to a worldwide dataset in order to investigate the potential maternal genetic origin of modern-day chicken populations in South America. The genetic analysis of newly generated chicken mitochondrial control region sequences from South America showed that the majority of chickens from the continent belong to mitochondrial haplogroup E. The rest belongs to haplogroups A, B and C, albeit at very low levels. Haplogroup D, a ubiquitous mitochondrial lineage in Island Southeast Asia and on Pacific Islands is not observed in continental South America. Modern-day mainland South American chickens are, therefore, closely allied with European and Asian chickens. Furthermore, we find high levels of genetic contributions from South Asian chickens to those in Europe and South America. Our findings demonstrate that modern-day genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens appear to have clear European and Asian contributions, and less so from Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, there is also some indication that South Asia has more genetic contribution to European chickens than any other Asian chicken populations.

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Brochmann, Grete. "Book Review: America-America Letters. A Norwegian-American Family Correspondence." International Migration Review 38, no. 2 (June 2004): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00217.xg.

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Lénárt, András. "Donald Duck goes south: Walt Disney and the Inter-American relations." Alphaville: journal of film and screen media, no. 27 (July 2, 2024): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.27.03.

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In the 1930s, with the rise of fascism and Nazism in Europe, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt believed that the United States would soon need the sympathy and cooperation of Latin America. His Good Neighbor policy sought to improve relations between the countries of the Americas. Walt Disney was commissioned by Nelson D. Rockefeller, who was in charge of inter-American relations, to make a goodwill tour of Latin America in search of inspiration for films about the region. He and his group met with politicians and artists, researched local cultures, and personally experienced the region’s society, geography and wildlife. As a result of these experiences, Latin America became the setting for two Disney films in the 1940s, Saludos Amigos (Norman Ferguson, 1942) and The Three Caballeros (Norman Ferguson, 1944). The aim of this article is to describe the key role played by Walt Disney and his cartoon characters (especially Donald Duck) in the transformation of inter-American relations, especially from the aspect of culture.

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Kusumaningrum, Demeiati Nur. "The United States and Latin America Regional Cooperation: Organization of American States (OAS)." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 4, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v4i1.5566.

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AbstrakPenelitian ini berpendapat bahwa perjanjian kerja sama OAS menjadi instrumen Amerika Serikat untuk mencapai kepentingan keamanan dan ekonomi. Semangat untuk menyebarkan kebebasan dan hak asasi manusia dianggap sebagai karakter AS sebagai negara demokrasi liberal. Pemerintahan Obama mengambil kesempatan lebih besar untuk memperkuat kerja sama dengan negara-negara Amerika Latin melalui OAS sebagai sarana untuk merebut kekuasaan dan pengaruh yang berkaitan dengan masalah perjanjian perdagangan bebas Amerika Latin dan kontrol terhadap penyelundupan narkoba. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Data dan informasi diperoleh dari kajian pustaka. Peneliti menerapkan analisis konten dokumen melalui publikasi pemerintah, publikasi ilmiah, dan laporan. Perubahan kebijakan luar negeri AS di bawah pemerintahan Obama percaya pada reformasi pasar dan pragmatisme Amerika berdasarkan demokrasi dan liberalisasi perdagangan. Kemajuan ekonomi Mercosur memicu kepercayaan terhadap kemajuan pembangunan di antara negara-negara Amerika Latin dan membuat mereka menjauhi pengaruh politik AS. Sementara itu, keamanan nasional AS terancam oleh meningkatnya perdagangan narkoba dari Meksiko dan kawasan selatan sejak tahun 1980-an. Kerangka kerja kerja sama OAS dalam memerangi perdagangan narkoba yang dikembangkan oleh AS sebagai aktor dominan melegitimasi pengaruh AS dalam forum regional. Dengan memperkuat kerja sama AS dan Amerika Latin pada pengendalian obat-obatan, pemerintah AS mampu memanfaatkan berkembangnya ekonomi Mercosur dan merealisasikan kebijakan AS tentang pengendalian narkoba di seluruh kawasan Amerika.Kata kunci: Amerika Latin, Ekonomi Politik, Keamanan, Kepentingan, Regionalisme AbstractThis research argue on the OAS cooperation agreement becomes United States instrument to achieve the political economy and political security. The spirit to spread of freedom and human right perceived as the character of US as a liberal democratic country. The Obama administration take a greater chance to strengthened the cooperation with Latin American countries by the OAS as a means to seize power and influence dealt with the matter of Latin America free trade agreement and drugs control. This research used qualitative research method by descriptive analysis. The data and information obtained from library research. The researcher apply document content analysis through the government publications, scholars publications, IGO reports, and other research publication. The foreign policy changes of US foreign policy under Obama administration believe in market reform and American pragmatism based on democracy and trade liberalization. The economic advancement of Mercosur triger the confidence building among Latin America countries and let them survive without US political influence.Whereas, US national security threaten by the increasing of drug trafficking from Mexico and southern area since 1980s. The OAS framework of cooperation on combating drugs trafficking developed by US as the dominant actor to legitimate the US influence in American regional forum. By strengthening the US and Latin America cooperation on drugs control the US administration is able to contribute to the economic benefits of Mercosur and achieve US policy on drug control throughout the American region.Keywords: Interest, Latin America, Political Economy, Regionalism, Security

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Lentz, Alice B. "Leadership Training in Latin America." Industry and Higher Education 7, no. 1 (March 1993): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229300700104.

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Alice Lentz offers a brief view of the role of the Americas Fund for Independent Universities (AFIU) in relation to significant initiatives in various Latin American countries. In a region where the function and development of private higher education institutions is especially important, the focus of the AFIU's activities is on private universities' ability to provide trained business leaders with the skills necessary to meet the challenges of enterprise growth in these developing economies. She mentions in particular the strengthening of financing capabilities within the university, and the evolution of three-way partnerships among business corporations, AFIU, and universities in Latin America.

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Rachwał, Tadeusz. "Where East Meets West: On Some Locations of America." Polish Journal for American Studies, no. 12 (Spring 2018) (April 30, 2022): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/pjas.12/1/2018.03.

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The paper offers a reading of the westward movement of the American frontier as a passage to an imaginary land in which the actual topographical displacement is accompanied by various, sometimes contradictory, images of the future. The settlers envisioned various Americas, the visions coming from their own experiences as well as from the stereotypically European projection of America as a paradise and as an object of possession. Such, sometimes contradictory, visions are noticeable in attempts at conceptualizing the frontier and its significance not only (explicitly) by Turner, but also less directly by such writers and thinkers as Thoreau, Whitman, or Bourne. Their Americas are in fact imaginary constructs reworking the encounter of East and West, frequently mixing not only discovery with invention, but also relocating, like Whitman in “Passage to India,” two of the cardinal directions of the world and thus, as it were, “transnationalizing” America.

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Yang, Jun-Chao, Xiaopei Lin, and Shang-Ping Xie. "A Transbasin Mode of Interannual Variability of the Central American Gap Winds: Seasonality and Large-Scale Forcing." Journal of Climate 30, no. 20 (September 13, 2017): 8223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0021.1.

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Abstract A transbasin mode (TBM) is identified as the leading mode of interannual surface wind variability over the Intra-Americas Seas across Central America based on empirical orthogonal function analysis. The TBM is associated with variability in Central American gap winds, most closely with the Papagayo jet but with considerable signals over the Gulfs of Tehuantepec and Panama. Although El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main large-scale forcing, the TBM features a distinct seasonality due to sea level pressure (SLP) adjustments across the Pacific and Atlantic. During July–September, ENSO causes meridional SLP gradient anomalies across Central America, intensifying anomalous geostrophic winds funneling through Papagayo to form the TBM. During wintertime, ENSO peaks but imparts little anomalous SLP gradient across Central America with a weak projection on the TBM because of the competing effects of the Pacific–North American teleconnection and tropospheric Kelvin waves. Besides ENSO, tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies make a weak contribution to the TBM in boreal summer by strengthening the cross-basin gradient. ENSO and the Atlantic forcing constitute a cross-basin seesaw pattern in SLP, manifested as an anomalous Walker circulation across the tropical Americas. The TBM appears to be part of the low-level branch of the anomalous Walker circulation, which modulates Central American wind jets by orographic effect. This study highlights the seasonality of gap wind variability, and calls for further research into its influence on regional climate.

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Sułek, Antoni. "“To America!”." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 24, no. 3 (March 8, 2010): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325409357438.

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America was an attractive destination for European scholars and social scientists— their contacts, observations, experiences, and thoughts often became a subject of interest in itself to many other sociologists. Poles are no exception. Florian Znaniecki and William I. Thomas and their classic Polish Peasant in Europe and America, first published in 1918—20, is symbolic of contacts and influences between Polish and American sociology in the first half of the twentieth century. However, sociologists other than Znaniecki and their transatlantic journeys remain somehow in the shadows to this day. This article presents a more recent and yet less known chapter of Polish— American relations—Polish sociologists visiting American universities in the 1950s and 1960s.

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Drewes, Hermann. "Historical development of SIRGAS." Journal of Geodetic Science 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2022-0137.

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Abstract The Geodetic Reference System for the Americas (Sistema de Referencia Geodésico para las Américas, SIRGAS) was initiated in 1993 for South America at an international conference organised by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), the Pan-American Institute for Geography and History (PAIGH), the Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI), and the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) in Asunción, Paraguay. The corresponding South American reference network was observed in 1995 by a ten-day GPS campaign at 58 stations. The network was extended to Central and North America in 2000 and immediately afterwards converted to a frame of continuously observing GNSS stations instead of short-term campaigns. The linear station position changes (velocities) were estimated by a multi-year least squares adjustment of weekly solutions, the first being published in 2002. The total set of station velocities served for the computation of continuous surface deformation models, the first over South America was published in 2005. Today, SIRGAS is accepted by most of the American states as the official geodetic reference frame. Besides the product generation (station positions, velocities, and surface deformation), SIRGAS is active in education and training offering schools and workshops for students, surveyors, and other stakeholders.

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Jurak, Mirko. "Louis Adamic and Vatro Grill: a partnership of equals?" Acta Neophilologica 32 (December 1, 1999): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.32.0.69-76.

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In 1956 Anton Melik, Professor of Geography at the University of Ljubljana, published a travelogue Amerika in ameriska Slovenija (America and American Slovenia). The author points out in his "notes" the pride of American people regarding their ·achievements, social and racial antagonisms which exist in the United States, and the fate of Slovene immigrants who must have found it difficult "to establish for themselves an equal position with other immigrants and old settlers due to their insufficient education and lack of knowledge of English".' A large part of Melik's book is devoted to his encounters with American Slovenes. Among them he also mentions his conversations with Vatro Gril, who knew Louis Adamic well and was a close friend of his. Melik says that Adamic and Grill were members of the same generation, they even attended the same secondary school in Ljubljana and they left for America in the same year, in 1913. When they met they discovered that they had the same or very similar views upon problems Slovene immigrants had in America. Melik also suggests that when a book is going to be written about Louis Adamic, Grill is the right person to contribute to it.

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Jurak, Mirko. "Louis Adamic and Vatro Grill: a partnership of equals?" Acta Neophilologica 32 (December 1, 1999): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.32.1.69-76.

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In 1956 Anton Melik, Professor of Geography at the University of Ljubljana, published a travelogue Amerika in ameriska Slovenija (America and American Slovenia). The author points out in his "notes" the pride of American people regarding their ·achievements, social and racial antagonisms which exist in the United States, and the fate of Slovene immigrants who must have found it difficult "to establish for themselves an equal position with other immigrants and old settlers due to their insufficient education and lack of knowledge of English".' A large part of Melik's book is devoted to his encounters with American Slovenes. Among them he also mentions his conversations with Vatro Gril, who knew Louis Adamic well and was a close friend of his. Melik says that Adamic and Grill were members of the same generation, they even attended the same secondary school in Ljubljana and they left for America in the same year, in 1913. When they met they discovered that they had the same or very similar views upon problems Slovene immigrants had in America. Melik also suggests that when a book is going to be written about Louis Adamic, Grill is the right person to contribute to it.

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Jackson, Christopher D., Desiree C. Burroughs-Ray, and Nathan A. Summers. "Clinical Guideline Highlights for the Hospitalist: 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society of America Update on Community-Acquired Pneumonia." Journal of Hospital Medicine 15, no. 12 (August 19, 2020): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3444.

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GUIDELINE TITLE: Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community Acquired Pneumonia: An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America RELEASE DATE: October 2019 PRIOR VERSION: 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults DEVELOPER: American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America FUNDING SOURCE: American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America TARGET POPULATION: Immunocompetent adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia

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Chomsky, Noam. "Impacts of free market and US foreign policy on Colombian and Latin American revolution." Revista Guillermo de Ockham 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/22563202.1684.

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After several coups assisted by US agencies since the fifties in Latin America, and deep economic crises in the eighties and the nineties in South America explained by “the rule of markets” enforced by multilateral organizations, the US leadership in the Americas has been lost, and democratic countries have turned against neoliberalism with wide popular support inside a new “South American revolution” with important projects of integration. Colombia has become the capital in South America for US leadership in economics and politics, and the only country that still has guerrillas, paramilitary armies, and internal conflict. What has been the role of the US in Colombian conflict? What is in stake with the new peace process in Colombia? How this process will affect the US leadership in Latin America? These are some questions that will be reviewed by Noam Chomsky, one of the most influential thinkers of our times.

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Gunter, Donna J. "Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers." Charleston Advisor 16, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.16.2.22.

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Gervais, David. "Deciphering America: The American Scene." Cambridge Quarterly XVIII, no. 4 (1989): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/xviii.4.349.

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Layton, Lynne. "Dreams of America/American Dreams." Psychoanalytic Dialogues 14, no. 2 (April 15, 2004): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10481881409348784.

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Briones, Matthew M. "American Tropics: Articulating Filipino America." Journal of American Ethnic History 27, no. 1 (October 1, 2007): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40543276.

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Morrow, Juliet E., and Toby A. Morrow. "Geographic Variation in Fluted Projectile Points: A Hemispheric Perspective." American Antiquity 64, no. 2 (April 1999): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694275.

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This paper examines geographic variation in fluted point morphology across North and South America. Metric data on 449 North American points, 31 Central American points, and 61 South American points were entered into a database. Ratios calculated from these metric attributes are used to quantify aspects of point shape across the two continents. The results of this analysis indicate gradual, progressive changes in fluted point outline shape from the Great Plains of western North America into adjacent parts of North America as well as into Central and South America. The South American “Fishtail” form of fluted point is seen as the culmination of incremental changes in point shape that began well into North America. A geographically gradual decline in fluting frequency also is consistent with the stylistic evolution of the stemmed “Fishtail” points. Although few in number, the available radiocarbon dates do suggest that “Fishtail” fluted points in southern South America are younger than the earliest dates associated with Clovis points in western North America. All of these data converge on the conclusion that South American “Fishtail” points evolved from North American fluted points.

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Odello, Marco. "International Security in the Western Hemisphere: Legal and Institutional Developments." Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional 21 (August 16, 2018): 379–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/010.21.28396.

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1. INTRODUCTION. 2. EXPANDING THE CONCEPT OF HEMISPHERIC SECURITY. 3. THE MEXICO CITY CONFERENCE ON SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS. 4. THE DECLARATION ON SECURITY IN THE AMERICAS. 5. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DECLARATION ON SECURITY IN AMERICA. 6. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING INTER-AMERICAN SECURITY ISSUES. 7. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY IN THE OAS AND THE UN. 7.1. International Security. 7.2. Universal and Regional Organisations. 8. CONCLUSION

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Wright, Maria da Gloria Miotto, Francisco Cumsille, Maria Itayra Padilha, Carla Arena Ventura, Jaime Sapag, Bruna Brands, Hayley Hamilton, Robert Mann, and Akwatu Khenti. "International research capacity building program for health related professionals to study the drug phenomenon in Latin America and the Caribbean." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, spe (2015): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015001010014.

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Most Organization of American States member states do not have a cadre of professionals with scientific knowledge and research experience on drugs and related problems. Therefore, the Organization of American States started a partnership, first with the University of Alberta/Canada and then with the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto/Canada to train health related professionals to address this problem. The objective is to create a cadre of health and related professionals with scientific and technical research knowledge to enable scientific advances in the area of drug demand reduction. The program requires the development and implementation of a multicentric drug research proposal. The program has produced the following results: nine multicentric drug research studies implemented in 22 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean; 91 participants from 22 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. This is the only program in the Americas offering continued advanced research training to university faculty and contributing to strengthen the undergraduate and graduates curriculum on drug issues and research capability in Latin America and the Caribbean.

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Navarro, Gabriela, Marina Mejía Saldaña, and João Augusto Maranhão de Queiroz Figueireido. "Direitos Indígena na América do Sul: Observância dos Parâmetros Interamericanos." Revista Direito e Práxis 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 580–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8966/2022/65132.

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Resumo O artigo analisa a proteção legal dos povos indígenas no âmbito do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, assim como o nível de observância desses parâmetros dentre os países da América do Sul. Ele analisa o reconhecimento judicial, constitucional e legal dos países que ratificaram a Convenção Americana, a Convenção n.169 da OIT e aceitaram a jurisdição da Corte. Objetiva-se detalhar o diálogo entre o sistema legal desses países e o SIDH, aplicando a teoria da cadeia de eficácia.

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Banta, David. "Health Technology Assessment in Latin America and the Caribbean." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, S1 (July 2009): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309090710.

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The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the Americas, has tried to promote health technology assessment (HTA) in Latin America for 25 years. A certain awareness of HTA developed in several countries because of these efforts. In the late 1990's, there was a strong movement for health reform in Latin America, and HTA became part of that movement. Countries that now are actively institutionalizing HTA include Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and Argentina. Other countries, such as Costa Rica, Colombia, Cuba, Peru, Panamá, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uruguay, are following these trends and some others seem to be moving in this direction within the next few years.

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Bretones Lane, Fernanda. "Afro-Latin America: A Special Teaching and Research Collection of The Americas." Americas 75, S1 (April 2018): S6—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2017.178.

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In his introduction to a special issue of The Americas in 2006, Ben Vinson III noted how easily the history of Latin America had been dissociated from that of the African Diaspora. “When looking at the broad trajectory of historical writings on Latin America outside of the Caribbean and Brazil, it has long been possible to do Latin American history without referencing blackness or the African Diaspora.” A decade later, it is safe to say that the tables have turned. What were before scattered efforts to recognize black individuals' contributions to the history, culture, economy, and political developments of the region as a whole have evolved into a growing field meriting its own name: Afro-Latin American Studies. Born of the cross-pollination of scholarly debates that were previously disparate, the field of Afro-Latin American Studies has grown and developed in response to the rise of Black Studies and in connection to new realities in countries where Afro-descendants have pushed for social and economic equality.

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Manos, Paul S., and Andrew L. Hipp. "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks (Quercus Subgenus Quercus): Review of the Contribution of Phylogenomic Data to Biogeography and Species Diversity." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060786.

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The oak flora of North America north of Mexico is both phylogenetically diverse and species-rich, including 92 species placed in five sections of subgenus Quercus, the oak clade centered on the Americas. Despite phylogenetic and taxonomic progress on the genus over the past 45 years, classification of species at the subsectional level remains unchanged since the early treatments by WL Trelease, AA Camus, and CH Muller. In recent work, we used a RAD-seq based phylogeny including 250 species sampled from throughout the Americas and Eurasia to reconstruct the timing and biogeography of the North American oak radiation. This work demonstrates that the North American oak flora comprises mostly regional species radiations with limited phylogenetic affinities to Mexican clades, and two sister group connections to Eurasia. Using this framework, we describe the regional patterns of oak diversity within North America and formally classify 62 species into nine major North American subsections within sections Lobatae (the red oaks) and Quercus (the white oaks), the two largest sections of subgenus Quercus. We also distill emerging evolutionary and biogeographic patterns based on the impact of phylogenomic data on the systematics of multiple species complexes and instances of hybridization.

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Van Ruymbeke, Bertrand. "Refugiés Or Émigrés? Early Modern French Migrations to British North America and the United States (c. 1680 – c. 1820)." Itinerario 30, no. 2 (July 2006): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300013942.

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Historians have traditionally paid relatively little attention to the French migrations to America. Although in the early modern period France was a demographic giant, had a deep – yet not enough recognized – maritime tradition, had many colonies in the Americas from the Gulf of Saint-Lawrence to the Amazon, and suffered from a tumultuous political history comparatively few of its people migrated to British North America and the United States. France has therefore and to some extent understandably enjoyed minimal visibility in the American ethnic landscape. There is, however, a long tradition of French migrations to America, beginning with the Huguenots at the end of the seventeenth century. At times these influxes were important in terms of number and influence, indeed in 1690 and in 1790 French was spoken in the streets of Charleston and of Philadelphia.

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Tung, Sofea Azlena Tung binti Adib Vincent, and Surinderpal Kaur. "News Framing on the America-Iran Feud in the Coverage from Two American Online Newspapers." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 9, no. 1 (February 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.1.373.

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News media framing has been explicated as a way to construct social realities by persuading readers with the schematics of differently construed proceedings and events. Hence, this study engages in a critical discourse analysis examining the social representation of America and Iran in the coverage from two American online newspapers, namely The New York Times (NYT) and The New York Post (NYP). Since the United States has incited decades of simmering conflict with Iran that involves a global concern, this study also illustrates the polarisation of ideologisation in the coverage in relation to the two newspapers’ political leanings. The findings disclose a disparity of representation of social agents and ideological bias between the two news outlets, with the NYT presenting a balance of positive and negative ‘Us’, while the NYP exhibiting a prejudiced and one-sided ideology towards Iran. Consequently, this study sheds light on the critical role of news framing and highlights academically a systematic analysis of online news coverage considering their political dependency.

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Armúa-Fernández, María Teresa, Mauricio Burutarán, Valentin Bazzano, María Laura Félix, Oscar Castro, and José Manuel Venzal. "Molecular Characterization of Spirometra decipiens Complex (Eucestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) from Uruguay." Taxonomy 1, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030021.

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This study used a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cox1 gene for the reconstruction of the interrelationship of the adult and larval stages of Spirometra obtained from Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus munoai, Canis familiaris, Didelphis albiventris and Philodryas patagoniensis in Uruguay. The phylogenetic analysis showed that they were grouped with Spirometra decipiens from the Americas with a high bootstrap support. According to recent studies, American Spirometra species split into two S. decipiens complexes. Our findings strongly suggest that S. decipiens complex 1 is widely distributed in South America, and that wild and domestic canids are definitive hosts. Most of the samples (n = 10) grouped adults and plerocercoids that were retrieved from mammals and reptiles and seem to be the same taxon found in a Lycalopex gymnocercus from Argentina. A second clade was formed with Spirometra sp. found in a L. munoai as well as other wild felids such as a Puma concolor and a Leopardus pardalis (both from Argentina). On the other hand, S. decipiens complex 2 is present in South America and North America. South American clade parasitizes wild (and possibly domestic) felids and reptiles as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively, whereas the North American clade found in snakes and captive meerkats (acting either as second intermediate or paratenic hosts) has unconfirmed definitive hosts.

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Molinié, Antoinette, and Geoffrey Bodenhausen. "America, America!" CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 62, no. 4 (April 30, 2008): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2008.291.

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Bincaz, Michèle. "America America." Arabesques, no. 23 (July 1, 2001): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35562/arabesques.4048.

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Zepeda, Beatriz. "Region, Nation, and Locality: Collective Identities in Latin America." Revista Latinoamericana de Opinión Pública 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/rlop.22934.

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This research note aims to elucidate some of the characteristics of identities in contemporary Latin America, as revealed by the results of the survey The Americas and the World 2014-2015. Resorting to the available data on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru, this research note presents the survey’s findings regarding supranational, national, and local identities and offers an initial approach to their interpretation. As a result of this exercise, the paper outlines important points of convergence of public attitudes in Latin American societies and points out national specificities that should be kept in mind and further studied, with a view to expanding our knowledge about collective identities and their possible relationship with the various integration and regionalization processes in Latin America.

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Carrillo, Juan D., Søren Faurby, Daniele Silvestro, Alexander Zizka, Carlos Jaramillo, Christine D. Bacon, and Alexandre Antonelli. "Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals drove the asymmetry of the Great American Biotic Interchange." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 42 (October 5, 2020): 26281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009397117.

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The interchange between the previously disconnected faunas of North and South America was a massive experiment in biological invasion. A major gap in our understanding of this invasion is why there was a drastic increase in the proportion of mammals of North American origin found in South America. Four nonmutually exclusive mechanisms may explain this asymmetry: 1) Higher dispersal rate of North American mammals toward the south, 2) higher origination of North American immigrants in South America, 3) higher extinction of mammals with South American origin, and 4) similar dispersal rate but a larger pool of native taxa in North versus South America. We test among these mechanisms by analyzing ∼20,000 fossil occurrences with Bayesian methods to infer dispersal and diversification rates and taxonomic selectivity of immigrants. We find no differences in the dispersal and origination rates of immigrants. In contrast, native South American mammals show higher extinction. We also find that two clades with North American origin (Carnivora and Artiodactyla) had significantly more immigrants in South America than other clades. Altogether, the asymmetry of the interchange was not due to higher origination of immigrants in South America as previously suggested, but resulted from higher extinction of native taxa in southern South America. These results from one of the greatest biological invasions highlight how biogeographic processes and biotic interactions can shape continental diversity.

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Baturaygil, Ali, and Karl Schmid. "Characterization of Flowering Time in Genebank Accessions of Grain Amaranths and Their Wild Relatives Reveals Signatures of Domestication and Local Adaptation." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020505.

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Grain amaranths (Amaranthus spp.) are ancient crops from the Americas that are consumed as pseudo-cereals and vegetables. Two grain amaranths, A. cruentus and A. hypochondriacus, originated in Central America, and A. caudatus in South America. Flowering time variation plays a central role in their uses as seed, vegetable and biomass crops. We characterized phenotypic variation for plant height, flowering time and seed setting among 253 genebank accessions including three grain and two wild ancestor species (A. hybridus and A. quitensis) in the temperate climatic and long-day conditions of Germany. Among grain amaranths, A. cruentus flowered early and 88% of the accessions set seed. A. hypochondriacus accessions were mildly or highly photoperiod-sensitive with a lower proportion of seed setting (31%). A. caudatus accessions were mildly photoperiod-sensitive and failed seed production. Photoperiod-insensitive accessions set seed regardless of their origin, and mildly photoperiod-sensitive accessions set seed if they originated from regions with higher temperatures. Overall, Central American accessions of both wild and domesticated amaranths showed large variation in flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity, whereas variation among South American wild and domesticated amaranths was limited to mild photoperiod sensitivity. This observation is consistent with a model of independent domestication in Central and South America, and suggests a potential Central American origin of A. hybridus followed by migration to and selection against high photoperiod sensitivity in South America. Our results provide useful information for the design of breeding programs for different uses, and provide insights into grain amaranth domestication by considering flowering time as an adaptive trait.

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Horwitz, Betty. "The Role of the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD): Confronting the Problem of Illegal Drugs in the Americas." Latin American Politics and Society 52, no. 2 (2010): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2010.00084.x.

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AbstractThe illegal drug trade has become a serious threat for the Americas. Is a multilateral approach to combat it possible? This article proposes that the United States and Latin America are finding ways to use multilateral organisms to confront this threat and examines as an example the role of CICAD in setting a cooperative agenda to develop an antidrug regime. CICAD has established common ground for long-term cooperation in certain areas. But common drug strategies in the Americas require the support of the United States and the cooperation of Latin American states, both of which are still works in progress. Therefore the future of the CICAD-inspired antidrug regime will depend on whether the United States and Latin America will cooperate to define the illegal drug threat in the same way and bestow on CICAD the authority necessary to address it.

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Yazdi, Mohammad Rezaie. "Hollywood Mission: America the New Israel." Asian Journal of Social Science 37, no. 2 (2009): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853109x415408.

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AbstractThis article centres on the fact that American politicians tend to introduce America as “the New Israel.” By adherence to the religious beliefs, they identify themselves as the chosen nation. The substantial question is how the movies with so wide a range of popular viewers would reflect the new American religion. One of the ways to answer this question is to overview the movies that take up the parallel between America and Israel. If America is the new Israel, then an American film about Israel is probably a film that is (indirectly) about America as well. This article centres on two movies to go along with its proposal: the Technicolor The Ten Commandments (Demille, 1995) and the animated feature The Prince of Egypt (Chapman et.al., 1998). The two movies compare America and Israel to pose the new American civil religion in the form of the old ones. Moreover, it bears on the historical importance of the equation between America and Israel. The movie — the modern media — has converted these themes to “Californication” values and effects. Hollywood mediates the new religion that, compared with the old religion, is quite individual and does not so much refer to the whole society.

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Rahemtulla, Shadaab. "Muslims in America." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i3.1310.

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Muslims in America: A Short History is an accessible, succinct, andinformative historical survey of Muslim American communities. This popularbook has two key objectives: to increase non-Muslim Americans’understanding of Muslims in the United States and to foreground to Muslim Americans themselves their own religious, ethnic, and culturaldiversity (p. xi).The story of Muslim America begins in the eighteenth century. Chapter1, “Across the Black Atlantic: The First Muslims in North America,”sketches the lives of several West African Muslims, many of them highly literateand schooled in the Islamic sciences, who were enslaved and shippedto the United States, such as Ayuba Suleiman Diallo (Job Ben Solomon),Abd al-Rahman Ibrahima, and Omar ibn Sayyid. The second chapter, “TheFirst American Converts to Islam,” moves into the late-nineteenth and earlytwentiethcenturies. Here Curtis provides an array of highly diverse Muslimmissionary activities, from the rather unsuccessful proselytization work ofWhite American convert Alexander Russell Webb, to the steady spread ofmystical Islamic teachings spearheaded by such preachers as Indian Sufimaster Inayat Khan, to the Nation of Islam’s ascendance as a mass-basedBlack liberation movement ...

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Journal articles on the topic 'America'

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