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Ismail, Samina, Nukhba Zia, Khalid Samad, Rubaba Naeem, Haris Ahmad, Amir Raza, Muhammad Baqir, and Uzma Rahim Khan. "Prehospital Airway Management in Emergency and Trauma Patients: A Cross-sectional Study of Ambulance Service Providers and Staff in a Low- and Middle-income Country." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 6 (November 12, 2015): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15005385.
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AbstractBackgroundPrehospital airway management (AM) is the first priority in the care of emergency and trauma victims as it has shown to improve survival in these patients.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess training and knowledge of ambulance staff and availability of AM equipment in ambulances of Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from June through September 2014. Interviews were conducted with management of six ambulance service providers and 165 ambulance staff. Data from the management included availability of AM equipment in the ambulances, number and designation of staff sent for emergency calls, and AM training of staff. Ambulance staff were assessed for their awareness, knowledge, and training pertaining to AM.ResultsAll the ambulance services (A through F) had basic equipment for AM but lacked qualified and trained staff. All services had solo drivers (98.3%) for emergency calls; however, Ambulance Service A also had doctors and paramedics. Only 35.7% (59/165) of ambulance staff had awareness regarding AM, out of which 77.9% (46/59) belonged to Ambulance Service A. Of these 59 staff, 81.4% received some form of AM training. Staff with AM awareness, when assessed for knowledge pertaining to AM steps and AM equipment, had a mean score of 4.7/5 and 8.4/12, respectively.ConclusionEven though ambulances are equipped with basic equipment, due to lack of trained staff, these ambulances only serve the mere purpose of transportation. There is a need to train ambulance staff and increase ambulance to staff ratio to improve prehospital AM and patient survival.IsmailS, ZiaN, SamadK, NaeemR, AhmadH, RazaA, BaqirM, KhanUR. Prehospital airway management in emergency and trauma patients: a cross-sectional study of ambulance service providers and staff in a low- and middle-income country. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):606–612.
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Coid, Donald R. "Measurement for Management: Report of a Pilot Project to Quantify Ambulance Misuse for Managers of a Fife Hospital." Health Services Management Research 2, no. 3 (November 1989): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148488900200305.
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Ambulance services appear to be under increasing pressure to provide a full range of services to the Community. It is important, therefore, that the service is appropriately utilised by patients. Health Service Managers, however, have little readily available information which identifies ‘appropriate’ utilisation. A simple technique is suggested to measure ‘appropriateness’ of utilisation of ambulances and a pilot survey of ambulance use by patients attending Dunfermline and West Fife Hospital Out-Patient clinics is described. In each case of ambulance use a panel of health professionals evaluated the ‘appropriateness’ of the patient having utilised this service. In the clinics surveyed, 91% of the sample of 328 patients did not use an ambulance to travel to clinics; in only two cases was use of the ambulance considered to be ‘probably inappropriate’. Misuse of the ambulance service was minimal during this study. Health Service Managers have been provided with some evidence to refute suggestions of substantial, inappropriate use of the ambulance service.
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Sanjana, I. Wayan Edi, Ni Putu Kamaryati, I. Gede Edy Sagitha, Ni Made Candra Citra Sari, and Ni Kadek Sutini. "Frequency of Prehospital Ambulance Utilization by Patients with Chronic Disease: A Retrospective Study." Babali Nursing Research 4, no. 3 (July 31, 2023): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.37363/bnr.2023.43239.
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Ambulance services are becoming a trend for early response to emergencies in major cities. The performance of the ambulance service will increase in line with the population and possible problems in the area. EMS services are essential at this time, as any life-threatening condition requires immediate action to prevent disability and death. Ambulances are required to provide assurance to chronically ill patients that the service they provide is adequate and can handle them in case of deterioration. This study aims to describe the frequency of pre-hospital ambulance use in patients with chronic diseases. This research method is an observational study with a retrospective approach to find the frequency of ambulance use by chronic diseases during the period 2019-2021. The results showed the three highest cases of pre-hospital ambulance use in Denpasar City were accident, fire and evacuation services for sick patients. The use of prehospital ambulances by chronic diseases has not reached half of the ambulance services. Stroke, diabetes mellitus and heart disease are the three most common chronic diseases that use pre-hospital ambulance services.
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Tshokey, Tshokey, Ugyen Tshering, Karma Lhazeen, Arpine Abrahamyan, Collins Timire, Bikash Gurung, Devi Charan Subedi, Kencho Wangdi, Victor Del Rio Vilas, and Rony Zachariah. "Performance of an Emergency Road Ambulance Service in Bhutan: Response Time, Utilization, and Outcomes." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7060087.
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Background: An efficient ambulance service is a vital component of emergency medical services. We determined the emergency ambulance response and transport times and ambulance exit outcomes in Bhutan. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving real-time monitoring of emergency ambulance deployments managed by a central toll-free (112) hotline (20 October 2021 to 20 January 2022) was carried out. Results: Of 5092 ambulance deployments, 4291 (84%) were inter-facility transfers, and 801 (16%) were for emergencies. Of the latter, 703 (88%) were for non-pregnancy-related emergencies (i.e., medical, surgical, and accidents), while 98 (12%) were for pregnancy-related emergencies. The median ambulance response and patient transport times were 42 (IQR 3–271) and 41 (IQR 2–272) minutes, respectively. The median round-trip distance travelled by ambulances was 18 km (range 1–186 km). For ambulance exit outcomes that were pregnancy-related (n = 98), 89 (91%) reached the health facility successfully, 8 delivered prior to ambulance arrival at the scene or in the ambulance during transport, and 1 had no outcome record. For the remaining 703 non-pregnancy deployments, 29 (4.1%) deployments were deemed not required or refusals, and 656 (93.3%) reached the health facility successfully; 16 (2.3%) died before the ambulance’s arrival at the scene, and 2 (0.3%) were not recorded. Conclusions: This first countrywide real-time operational research showed acceptable ambulance exit outcomes. Improving ambulance response and transport times might reduce morbidities and mortalities further.
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Gong, Jung Ho, Chao Long Azad, Gongliang Zhang, Kenneth R. Means, Oluseyi Aliu, and Aviram M. Giladi. "Site of Ambulance Origination and Billing for Out-of-Network Services." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 2 (February 21, 2024): e240118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0118.
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ImportanceThe No Surprises Act implemented in 2022 aims to protect patients from surprise out-of-network (OON) bills, but it does not include ground ambulance services. Understanding ground ambulance OON and balance billing patterns from previous years could guide legislation aimed to protect patients following ground ambulance use.ObjectiveTo characterize OON billing from ground ambulance services by evaluating whether OON billing risk differs by the site of ambulance origination (home, hospital, nonhospital medical facility, or scene of incident).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional study of the Merative MarketScan dataset between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, using claims-based data from employer-based private health insurance plans in the US. Participants included patients who utilized ground ambulances during the study period. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.ExposureMedical encounter requiring ground ambulance transportation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGround ambulance OON billing prevalence was calcuated. Linear probability models adjusted for state-level mixed effects were fit to evaluate OON billing probability across ambulance origins. Secondary outcomes included the allowed payment, patient cost-sharing amounts, and potential balance bills for OON ambulances.ResultsAmong 2 031 937 ground ambulance services (1 375 977 unique patients) meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1 072 791 (52.8%) rides transported men, and the mean (SD) patient age was 41 (18) years. Of all services, 1 113 676 (54.8%) were billed OON. OON billing probabilities for ambulances originating from home or scene were higher by 12.0 percentage points (PP) (95% CI, 11.8-12.2 PP; P < .001 for home; 95% CI, 11.7-12.2 PP; P < .001 for scene) vs those originating from hospitals. Mean (SD) total financial burden, including cost-sharing and potential balance bills per ambulance service, was $434.70 ($415.99) per service billed OON vs $132.21 ($244.92) per service billed in-network.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of over 2 million ground ambulance services, ambulances originating from home, the scene of an incident, and nonhospital medical facilities were more likely to result in OON bills. Legislation is needed to protect patients from surprise billing following use of ground ambulances, more than half of which resulted in OON billing. Future legislation should at minimum offer protections for these subsets of patients often calling for an ambulance in urgent or emergent situations.
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Adetoyi, Helen N., Olatunde O. Solaja, Abiodun S. Abiodun, Tolulope G. Daini, and Obafemi A. Solesi. "The Impact of Ambulance usage on the Conveyance of Accident Victims in Lagos State Emergency Management Agency (Lasema)." Oct-Nov 2022, no. 26 (November 23, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jnrpsp.26.1.5.
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The benefits of planning a reliable and effective ambulance and emergency service for healthcare delivery are an indicator of sustainable development. This study assessed the impact of ambulance usage on the conveyance of accident victims in the Lagos State Emergency Management Agency (LASEMA). Simple random sampling was used to sample respondents from the Agency. A total of fifty (50) structured questionnaires were administered to respondents. The questionnaire consists of twenty-one items and was prepared in such a way that it contains all the items under the survey. A simple frequency table was employed to analyze the data obtained. The research revealed that 62 % of the respondents were male and 38 % female while about 42 % accounted for insufficient ambulance vehicles which made the ambulance and emergency services not effective and efficient due to poor planning. Other factors include poor telecommunication service, negative perception that ambulances carry dead bodies, the demand for payment before patients are transported by ambulances, high cost of fuel, shortage of ambulances and the patients’ renege to fulfil an agreed bills and services. At a significant level of 0.05 using Pearson Correlation, Ho calculated (0.630) was less than H1 tabulated (1) and it was inferred that the positive impact of ambulance usage by accident victims can help promote sustainable ambulance usage and good healthcare delivery. The study concluded that public education on ambulance and emergency services will help rid of false perceptions.
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Gongal, Rajesh, B. Dhungana, S. Regmi, M. Nakarmi, and B. Yadav. "Need of Improvement in Emergency Medical Service in Urban Cities." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 48, no. 174 (April 1, 2009): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.230.
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Introduction: An effective Emergency Medical Service system does not exist in Nepal. For an effective EMS system to be developed the scale of the problem and the existing facilities need to be studied. Methods: Prospective observational study was carried out on 1964 patients attending Emergency Department at Patan Hospital during one month period of September 2006. The patients were specifically enquired on mode of transport used, place of origin and whether they called for an ambulance or not. Patients triage category at the time of triaging was also noted. Information on ambulance service were collected by direct interview with the service providers and the total number of patients attending Emergency Departments daily were collected from the major hospitals of the urban Lalitpur and Kathmandu. MS Excel and SPSS software were used for data entry, editing and analysis.Results: Total 9.9% patients arrived in ambulance whereas 53.6% came in a Taxi, 11.4% came in private vehicle, 13.5 % came by bus, 5.4% came by bike and the rest 6.2% came by other modes of transportation. Only 13.5% of triage category I patients took the ambulance. There were 31 service providers with 49 ambulances and 720 patients per day attend Emergency Departments in the surveyed area. Conclusions: Very less number of patients use the ambulance service for emergency services. The available ambulances are not properly equipped and do not have trained staff and as such are only a means of transportation to the hospitals of urban Lalitpur and Kathmandu.Key Words: ambulance, emergency medical service, para-medics, triage Need of Improvement in Emergency Medical Service in Urban Cities Gongal R,1Dhungana B,1Regmi S,1Nakarmi M,2Yadav B11Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal, 2Health Care Foundation, Kathmandu, NepalCorrespondence:Dr. Rajesh GongalDepartment of SurgeryPatan Hospital, Patan, Nepal.Email: rajgongal@yahoo.comORIGINAL ARTICLE J Nepal Med Assoc 2009;48(174):139-43INTRODUCTIONThe sophisticated Emergency Medical Service (EMS) is limited to developed country only. Many developing countries are now slowly developing such system although most services are localized to the urban areas.1-5 Although inadquate ambulance services are available in the capital city of Nepa
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Bahari, Mohd Shahri, Farhana Aminuddin, Sivaraj Raman, Ainul Nadziha Mohd Hanafiah, Mohd Shaiful Jefri Mohd Nor Sham Kunusagaran, Nur Amalina Zaimi, Nor Zam Azihan Mohd Hassan, and Ahmad Tajuddin Mohamad Nor. "Analysis of costs and utilization of ambulance services in the ministry of health facilities, Malaysia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): e0276632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276632.
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Background Despite emergency ambulance services playing a pivotal role in accessibility to life-saving treatments in Malaysia, there are still numerous gaps in knowledge in terms of their utilization and cost. This leads to current policies on procurement, maintenance, and allocation being predicated on historical evidence and expert opinions. This study thus aims to analyse the cost and utilization of ambulance services in selected public health facilities in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional study was employed involving 239 ambulances from selected hospitals and clinics. Ambulance service utilization was based on the number of trips, distance and duration of travel obtained from travel logbooks. A mixed top-down and activity-based costing approach was used to estimate the monthly cost of ambulance services. This constituted personnel, maintenance, fuel, overhead, consumables, ambulance, and medical equipment costs. The utilization and costs of ambulance services were further compared between settings and geographical locations. Results The average total cost of ambulance services was MYR 11,410.44 (US$ 2,756.14) for hospitals and MYR 9,574.39 (US$ 2,312.65) for clinics, albeit not significantly different. Personnel cost was found to be the main contributor to the total cost, at around 44% and 42% in hospitals and clinics, respectively. There was however a significant difference in the total cost in terms of the type and age of ambulances, in addition to their location. In terms of service utilization, the median number of trips and duration of ambulance usage was significantly higher in clinics (31.88 trips and 58.58 hours) compared to hospitals (16.25 trips and 39.25 hours). Conclusions The total cost of ambulance services was higher in hospitals compared to clinics, while its utilization showed a converse trend. The current findings evidence that despite the ambulance services being all under the MOH, their operating process and utilization reflected an inherent difference by setting.
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E, Harini, Mohana Priya.V, Sathyapriya V, and Dr Jayamurugan G. "Smart Ambulance Service and Tracking Applications for Critical Needs." International Research Journal of Computer Science 11, no. 04 (April 5, 2024): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2024.v1104.19.
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This abstract introduces a Smart Ambulance Service (SAS) along with its accompanying service application designed to address critical needs in emergency medical care. The SAS incorporates cutting-edge technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and real-time data analytics to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency response systems. The SAS aims to revolutionize traditional ambulance services by leveraging IoT devices installed within ambulances. These devices collect vital signs of patients en route to the hospital, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels, and transmit this data in real-time to healthcare providers. This real-time data transmission allows medical personnel to prepare for the patients arrival, making the transition from ambulance to hospital smoother and reducing delays in treatment. Furthermore, the service application is user-friendly interface accessible to both emergency responders and hospital staff. It provides a centralized platform for managing ambulance dispatch, tracking ambulance locations and monitoring patient conditions remotely. Emergency responders can input patient information, vital signs, and the nature of the emergency directly into the application, ensuring that hospital staffs are well- informed before the ambulance arrives.
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Kang, Kyunghee. "Analyzing the Frequency of Emergency Room Visits and the Use of 119 Ambulance Services." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2c0009d5.
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This study aimed to the socioeconomic and clinical characteristics associated with the use of 119 ambulance/private cars and the number of emergency room visits based on the 2017 data from the Korea Health Panel. The analysis revealed that during emergencies, the use of private cars (59.02%) was more common than 119 ambulance services (18.89%). Moreover, 119 ambulance users were significantly older, had a lower annual total household income, and had relatively more accidents than diseases when compared to private car users. On comparing the number of emergency room visits between single and multiple visits, there were statistically significant differences in age, total annual household income, season of use, and reasons for use for private car usage than 119 ambulances. The 119 ambulance service is an essential public safety net. Therefore, it is increasingly important to solve the frequent use of 119 ambulances by non-emergency patients, and efficiently utilize limited ambulance resources.
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Hsia, Hao-Ching, Hiroaki Ishii, and Kuang-Yih Yeh. "AMBULANCE SERVICE FACILITY LOCATION PROBLEM." Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan 52, no. 3 (2009): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15807/jorsj.52.339.
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Knowles, Emma, Lindsey Bishop-Edwards, and Alicia O’Cathain. "Exploring variation in how ambulance services address non-conveyance: a qualitative interview study." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e024228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024228.
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ObjectivesThere is considerable variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services in England. The aim was to explore variation in how each ambulance service addressed non-conveyance for calls ending in telephone advice and discharge at scene.DesignA qualitative interview study.SettingTen large regional ambulance services covering 99% of the population in England.ParticipantsBetween four and seven interviewees from each ambulance service including managers, paramedics and healthcare commissioners, totalling 49 interviews.MethodsTelephone semistructured interviews.ResultsThe way interviewees in each ambulance service discussed non-conveyance within their organisation varied for three broad themes. First, ambulance service senior management appeared to set the culture around non-conveyance within an organisation, viewing it either as an opportunity or as a risky endeavour. Although motivation levels to undertake non-conveyance did not appear to be directly affected by the stability of an ambulance service in terms of continuity of leadership and externally assessed quality, this stability could affect the ability of the organisation to innovate to increase non-conveyance rates. Second, descriptions of workforce configuration differed between ambulance services, as well as how this workforce was used, trained and valued. Third, interviewees in each ambulance service described health and social care in the wider emergency and urgent care system differently in terms of availability of services that could facilitate non-conveyance, the amount of collaborative working between health and social care services and the ambulance service and complexity related to the numbers of services and healthcare commissioners with whom they had to work.ConclusionsThis study suggests that factors within and outside the control of ambulance services may contribute to variation in non-conveyance rates. These findings can be tested in a quantitative analysis of factors affecting variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services in England.
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O’Cathain, Alicia, Emma Knowles, Lindsey Bishop-Edwards, Joanne Coster, Annabel Crum, Richard Jacques, Cathryn James, et al. "Understanding variation in ambulance service non-conveyance rates: a mixed methods study." Health Services and Delivery Research 6, no. 19 (May 2018): 1–192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr06190.
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Background In England in 2015/16, ambulance services responded to nearly 11 million calls. Ambulance Quality Indicators show that half of the patients receiving a response by telephone or face to face were not conveyed to an emergency department. A total of 11% of patients received telephone advice only. A total of 38% of patients were sent an ambulance but were not conveyed to an emergency department. For the 10 large ambulance services in England, rates of calls ending in telephone advice varied between 5% and 17%. Rates of patients who were sent an ambulance but not conveyed to an emergency department varied between 23% and 51%. Overall non-conveyance rates varied between 40% and 68%. Objective To explain variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services. Design A sequential mixed methods study with five work packages. Setting Ten of the 11 ambulance services serving > 99% of the population of England. Methods (1) A qualitative interview study of managers and paramedics from each ambulance service, as well as ambulance commissioners (totalling 49 interviews undertaken in 2015). (2) An analysis of 1 month of routine data from each ambulance service (November 2014). (3) A qualitative study in three ambulance services with different published rates of calls ending in telephone advice (120 hours of observation and 20 interviews undertaken in 2016). (4) An analysis of routine data from one ambulance service linked to emergency department attendance, hospital admission and mortality data (6 months of 2013). (5) A substudy of non-conveyance for people calling 999 with breathing problems. Results Interviewees in the qualitative study identified factors that they perceived to affect non-conveyance rates. Where possible, these perceptions were tested using routine data. Some variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services was likely to be due to differences in the way rates were calculated by individual services, particularly in relation to telephone advice. Rates for the number of patients sent an ambulance but not conveyed to an emergency department were associated with patient-level factors: age, sex, deprivation, time of call, reason for call, urgency level and skill level of attending crew. However, variation between ambulance services remained after adjustment for patient-level factors. Variation was explained by ambulance service-level factors after adjustment for patient-level factors: the percentage of calls attended by advanced paramedics [odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 1.07], the perception of ambulance service staff and commissioners that advanced paramedics were established and valued within the workforce of an ambulance service (odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.33), and the perception of ambulance service staff and commissioners that senior management was risk averse regarding non-conveyance within an ambulance service (odds ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98). Limitations Routine data from ambulance services are complex and not consistently collected or analysed by ambulance services, thus limiting the utility of comparative analyses. Conclusions Variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services in England could be reduced by addressing variation in the types of paramedics attending calls, variation in how advanced paramedics are used and variation in perceptions of the risk associated with non-conveyance within ambulance service management. Linking routine ambulance data with emergency department attendance, hospital admission and mortality data for all ambulance services in the UK would allow comparison of the safety and appropriateness of their different non-conveyance rates. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Booker, Matthew James, Sarah Purdy, Rebecca Barnes, and Ali R. G. Shaw. "Ambulance use for ‘primary care’ problems: an ethnographic study of seeking and providing help in a UK ambulance service." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e033037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033037.
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ObjectivesTo explore what factors shape a service user’s decision to call an emergency ambulance for a ‘primary care sensitive’ condition (PCSC), including contextual factors. Additionally, to understand the function and purpose of ambulance care from the perspective of service users, and the role health professionals may play in influencing demand for ambulances in PCSCs.DesignAn ethnographic study set in one UK ambulance service. Patient cases were recruited upon receipt of ambulance treatment for a situation potentially manageable in primary care, as determined by a primary care clinician accompanying emergency medical services (EMS) crews. Methods used included: structured observations of treatment episodes; in-depth interviews with patients, relatives and carers and their GPs; purposeful conversations with ambulance clinicians; analysis of routine healthcare records; analysis of the original EMS ‘emergency’ telephone call recording.ResultsWe analysed 170 qualitative data items across 50 cases. Three cross-cutting concepts emerged as central to EMS use for a PCSC: (1) There exists a typology of nine ‘triggers’, which we categorise as either ‘internal’ or ‘external’, depending on how much control the caller feels they have of the situation; (2) Calling an ambulance on behalf of someone else creates a specific anxiety about urgency; (3) Healthcare professionals experience conflict around fuelling demand for ambulances.ConclusionsPrevious work suggests a range of sociodemographic factors that may be associated with choosing ambulance care in preference to alternatives. Building on established sociological models, this work helps understand how candidacy is displayed during the negotiation of eligibility for ambulance care. Seeking urgent assistance on behalf of another often requires specific support and different strategies. Use of EMS for such problems—although inefficient—is often conceptualised as ‘rational’ by service users. Public health strategies that seek to advise the public about appropriate use of EMS need to consider how individuals conceptualise an ‘emergency’ situation.
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Awad, A., H. Ali, S. K. M. Abujayyab, I. R. Karas, and D. R. S. Sumunar. "MEASURING THE SPATIAL READINESS OF AMBULANCE FACILITIES FOR NATURAL DISASTERS USING GIS NETWORKS ANALYSIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-4/W3-2020 (November 23, 2020): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-4-w3-2020-81-2020.
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Abstract. The massive disasters that arise by nature and humanity are significantly leads to several losses in lives and infrastructures. Disasters such as chemical explosions, flash floods and volcanoes. The high level of preparedness from the governments and administration authorities and ambulance services can significantly reduce the losses in lives. The aim of this paper is to measure the spatial readiness of ambulance facilities for natural disasters using GIS networks analysis. The measurement performed based on three standards, the area covered by the ambulance service, speed of service and the proportion to the population. ArcGIS spatial analysis and network analysis tools employed to develop the coverage maps of the three measured standards. According to the analysis, 94.4% from the study area appeared within the standard distance (20 km) from the ambulance stations, while 91% from the study area appeared within the time response standard (15 minutes) from the ambulance stations. The study area has a deficit of 256,714 people and needs 5 additional ambulances to achieve the demographic standard. The main recommendation of this study is to apply this methodology regularly in the study area to avoid any weakness before the disasters and to increase the level of preparedness.
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Slater, Alan. "Information Systems Facilitate the UK Ambulance Service Transition towards an Omni-Channel Service." Journal of Electronic & Information Systems 6, no. 2 (July 2, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jeis.v6i2.6454.
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This paper represents a description of those ‘hidden’ policies supported by information systems that currently influence the direction of change within the UK ambulance service. When an ambulance service displays poor response times it may have reached a situation where demand exceeds supply regularly, then using ‘critical thinking’ the management should reconstruct their approach and focus exclusively on patient needs and the sources of appropriate help. The UK ambulance service has developed three strategic approaches; firstly, a single-channel strategy employing ambulance service staff only (‘hear and treat, or ‘see and treat’); secondly, a multi-channel strategy involving other NHS services (from call to on–scene then accident and emergency or direct to a hospital ward); and thirdly, a new omni-channel strategy where the patient is directed on a pathway from the ambulance service to a combination of other NHS or voluntary services. The key element in developing an omni-channel strategy is a secondary triage system, supported by a new database, which ensures patients are directed to a specialist service that could provide them with the most immediate help to meet their needs. Some of these services to patients (for example, the Falls team) are provided by the ambulance service directly. Patients are directed to alternative services, identified in the database, this system allows the ambulance service to bypass accident and emergency and monitor the patient’s pathway from the initial call to the outcome. Initial small projects indicate that the omni-channel system reduces duplication of effort, improves system productivity, reduces cost and shortens patients call to outcome time.
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Olani, Ararso Baru, Lemlem Beza, Menbeu Sultan, Tariku Bekelcho, and Michael Alemayehu. "Prehospital emergency medical service utilization and associated factors among critically ill COVID-19 patients treated at centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): e0001158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001158.
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The majority of populations in developing countries are living in areas of no access or limited access to prehospital emergency medical services (EMS). In Addis Ababa, the reported prehospital EMS utilization were ranging from zero to thirty-eight percent. However, there is limited research on reasons for the low utilization of prehospital resources in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess factors associated with prehospital EMS utilization among critically ill COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect primary data from 421 COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa between May and July 2021. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with prehospital service utilization. Andersen’s Behavioral Model was implemented to address independent variables, including predisposing, enabling, need, and health behaviors-related variables. The level of prehospital care utilization was 87.6%. Being married [AOR 2.6(95%; CI:1.24–5.58)], belief that self-transport is quicker than the ambulance [AOR 0.13(95%; CI: 0.05–0.34)], and perceptions that ambulance provides transportation service only [AOR 0.14(95%; CI:0.04–0.45)] were predisposing factors associated with prehospital service utilization while the source of referrals [AOR 6.9(95%; CI: 2.78–17.30)], and prior knowledge on the availability of toll-free ambulance calling numbers [AOR 0.14(95%; CI: 0.04–0.45)] were identified as enabling factors. Substantial proportions of critically ill COVID-19 patients used prehospital services to access treatment centers. Prehospital EMS utilization in this study varies by predisposing and enabling factors, particularly: marital status, source of referral, prior knowledge on the availability of toll-free ambulances, belief that self-transport is quicker than ambulances, and perceptions that ambulance provides transportation service only. Our findings call for further actions to be taken by policymakers including physical and media campaigns focusing on the identified factors.
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Isfahani, MD, Mehdi Nasr, Mohammad Ali Rafieian, MSc, Aniseh Valikhany, MD, and Mehdi Alinaghian, PhD. "A mathematical model for efficient ambulance location based on DSM-MALP integration." Journal of Emergency Management 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2020.0458.
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Optimal location of medical facilities and vehicles is one of the most crucial aspects of emergency services such that even slight improvements in this regard can save the lives of many people. In the large cities suffering from fluctuating population distribution and traffic congestion, finding the optimal location of ambulance stations can significantly reduce patient mortality due to delay of medical service and thus increase the efficiency of the healthcare sector. This study investigated the current status of ambulance service provided in four districts of Isfahan city (Iran) and assessed the potential for improvement in availability by increasing the number of ambulances and relocating the stations. The main objective of this work is to integrate two ambulance location methods, ie, double standard model (DSM) and maximum availability location problem (MALP), to develop a static probabilistic model, which allows covering radius of stations to be increased according to ambulance availability factor. The efficiency of the developed method was assessed by sensitivity analysis through four different approaches, all indicating an increase in the efficiency compared to the default model.
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Robert-Blunn, Mark. "Winning in winter with marginal gains: enhancing welfare on the frontline." Journal of Paramedic Practice 13, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2021.13.5.204.
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Winter pressures on the NHS challenge every one of us. Patients may experience delays waiting for emergency ambulances and face extended waiting times at hospital emergency departments (ED). During this season, GPs, hospitals, NHS organisations and staff will face increased demand for services; yet are still required to deliver on agreed performance targets with only a finite availability of resources. Add Brexit and the second wave of COVID-19 wave into the mix and it might appear difficult to make improvements in any of these areas. During the winter of 2019–2020, a large ambulance service in England introduced a ‘welfare van’ to support busy emergency ambulance crews in one of its busy urban areas. It was tasked to see if it could make a positive difference to staff welfare and uphold or improve on ambulance service performance during a period of expected increased demand.
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Camilleri, Giancarlo. "Ambulance service doctor." BMJ 333, no. 7564 (August 19, 2006): s73.2—s74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.333.7564.s73-a.
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Eastwood, Kathryn, Amee Morgans, Karen Smith, Angela Hodgkinson, Gareth Becker, and Johannes Stoelwinder. "A novel approach for managing the growing demand for ambulance services by low-acuity patients." Australian Health Review 40, no. 4 (2016): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15134.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to describe the Ambulance Victoria (AV) secondary telephone triage service, called the Referral Service (RS), for low-priority patients calling triple zero. This service provides alternatives to ambulance dispatch, such as doctor or nurse home visits. Methods A descriptive epidemiological review of all the cases managed between 2009 and 2012 was conducted, using data from AV case records, the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Cases were reviewed for patient demographics, condition, final disposition and RS outcome. Results In all, 107148 cases were included in the study, accounting for 10.3% of the total calls for ambulance attendance. Median patient age was 54 years and 55% were female. Geographically based socioeconomic status was associated with the rate of calls to the RS (r = –0.72; 95% confidence interval CI –0.104, –0.049; P < 0.001). Abdominal pain and back symptoms were the most common patient problems. Although 68% of patients were referred to the emergency department, only 27.6% of the total cases were by emergency ambulance; the remainder were diverted to non-emergency ambulance or the patient’s own private transport. The remaining 32% of cases were referred to alternative service providers or given home care advice. Conclusions This paper describes the use of an ongoing secondary triage service, providing an effective strategy for managing emergency ambulance demand. What is known about the topic? Some calls to emergency services telephone numbers for ambulance assistance consist of cases deemed to be low-acuity that could potentially be better managed in the primary care setting. The demand on ambulance resources is increasing each year. Secondary telephone triage systems have been trialled in ambulance services in the US and UK with minimal success in terms of overall impact on ambulance resourcing. What does this paper add? This study describes a model of secondary telephone triage in the ambulance setting that has provided an effective way to divert patients to more suitable forms of health care to meet their needs. What are the implications for practitioners? The implications for practitioners are vast. Some of the issues that currently face paramedics include: fatigue because of high workloads; skills decay because of a lack of exposure to patients requiring intervention with skills the paramedics have, as well as a lack of time for paramedics to practice these skills during their downtime; and decreasing job satisfaction linked to both these factors. Implications for patients include quicker response times because more ambulances will be available to respond and increased patient safety because of decreased fatigue and higher skill levels in paramedics.
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Akhumukhi, Vidyasagar, Sharmila Gaikwad, and Vishal Kumar. "Systematic Literature Survey on Emergency Medical Services." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v9i4.5459.
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Now-a-days considering the fast-paced world, particularly in massive cities, several services get delayed due to traffic jams. Ambulance service is one among the crucial services that get delayed fairly often. Additionally, generally onsite doctors aren't obtainable. Therefore, the patient doesn't get medical attention forthwith. ‘Traffic Control System for Smart Ambulance’ is a system which creates a ‘green corridor’ for the ambulance to reach the hospital. Also, it monitors the patient’s health and sends the data to the hospital beforehand. In health monitoring system, the patient’s very important health parameters like heart rate and body temperature are monitored. These parameters are sent to the hospital via message. In traffic control an android application is used in which the traffic control room controls the signals based on the traffic conditions and the location of ambulance and hospital seen on the app. The objective of this paper is to understand the various systems that can be used for ambulances in traffic and help the ambulance to faster reach the hospital.
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Aljanoubi, Mohammed, Terry Brown, Keith Couper, Rachel Fothergill, and Gavin Perkins. "PP31 Airway management at adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a survey of current UK ambulance service policy." Emergency Medicine Journal 39, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): e5.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2022-999.31.
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BackgroundOver 80% of the 30,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients treated in the UK each year receive advanced airway management (tracheal tube or supraglottic airway). Recent data from large randomised control trials have highlighted uncertainty regarding the clinical benefits of tracheal intubation and may have driven changes in ambulance service policy. We conducted a survey study to investigate the current UK ambulance service policy on the use of tracheal intubation during adult cardiac arrest.MethodsWe surveyed all UK ambulance services using an online survey platform to determine which staff groups are permitted to perform tracheal intubation and associated information linked to advanced airway management in adult cardiac arrest. A single representative of each ambulance service was requested to respond to the survey. The University of Warwick Biomedical & Scientific Research Ethics Committee provided ethical approval for the study.ResultsWe received survey responses from all 14 UK NHS ambulance services (response rate 100%).Five ambulance services (35.71%) do not permit non-specialist paramedics to perform tracheal intubation at adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Of these services, the first service to withdraw tracheal intubation did so in 2010, whilst the remaining four did so from 2019 onwards. One further ambulance service stated they are currently in the process of withdrawing tracheal intubation.Of the five services that have withdrawn tracheal intubation, cited reasons for the policy change were challenges in providing ongoing training (n=5, 100%), results of clinical trials (n=4, 80%), clinical incidents of tracheal tube misplacement (n=4, 80%), and low tracheal intubation success rate (n=3, 60%).All 14 ambulance services (100%) reported that waveform capnography was available to ambulance crews.ConclusionThis study identified UK ambulance service policy variations concerning non-specialist paramedic use of tracheal intubation in adult cardiac arrest. The clinical impact of this variation requires further research.
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Darmanto, Darmanto, Aris Prio Agus Santoso, Rezi Rezi, and Evi Elisanti. "Analisis Yuridis Standar Operasional Prosedur Penggunaan Ambulan di Puskesmas Andong Untuk Pelayanan Rujukan Berdasarkan PERMENKES Nomor 71 Tahun 2013." AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam 5, no. 2 (December 13, 2023): 2225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i2.3498.
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The aim of this research is to 1) determine the application of standard operational procedures for ambulance referral services at the Andong Community Health Center based on PERMENKES Number 71 of 2013, 2) determine the obstacles to the Community Health Center in providing referral services. Sociological juridical research method with a qualitative approach. The primary data source is text from interviews and was obtained through interviews with informants in the research. Secondary data is data obtained by researchers by studying literature such as journals, articles, books, documents and others. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews, observations and documents. There are several stages in the qualitative descriptive analysis technique, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the research show that the SOP for the use of ambulances in referral services at the Andong Health Center is in accordance with the existing SOP, however the SOP for the use of ambulances in referral services must be further improved so that it is optimally in accordance with PERMENKES Number 17 of 2013. The main objective of the SOP is to provide guidance or guidance on using an ambulance. The obstacle to the Puskesmas in providing referral services is the lack of human resources (drivers) consisting of 1 person with 2 ambulances. Meanwhile, the infrastructure is in accordance with basic ambulance service standards. The conclusion of this research is that the application of standard operational procedures is very effective and efficient in improving ambulance referral services at the Andong Community Health Center and resolving barriers to referral services.
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Sonawane, Prof Priti V., Ms Aakanksha Karale, Ms Mrunal Patil, and Ms Shivanjali Vetal. "Online Ambulance Booking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 1285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59052.
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Abstract: The Online Ambulance Booking Service is a vital healthcare innovation designed to address the critical need for efficient and timely emergency medical transportation. In the modern world, access to medical care is of utmost importance, and this service aims to bridge the gap between patients and emergency medical services. This abstract provides an overview of the key features and functionalities of the system. The Online Ambulance Booking Service leverages technology to create a userfriendly platform that enables individuals to request ambulance services with ease. Users can access the service through a web application or mobile app, making it accessible to a wide range of people. The Online Ambulance Booking Service is a solution that enhances emergency medical response, saving valuable time in critical situations. It fosters a sense of security and reliability in healthcare services, benefiting both the general public and healthcare providers. This abstract highlight the importance of such a service in the healthcare industry, emphasizing its role in improving patient outcomes and reducing response times during emergencies.
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Jailani, Zakiul Fahmi, Dita Nurmadewi, Raden Bambang Syumanjaya, and Ni Kadek Sri Manik. "Mapping the Golden Hour: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Ambulance Response Time in Urban Jakarta." GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/geofisunmul.v6i2.1188.
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This study aims to map the ambulance response time in Jakarta city and assess the current ambulance to population ratio. The data used in this study include hospital point data retrieved from OpenStreetMap (OSM), manually digitized data points, and a database from community/non-government organizations that manage their own ambulance. The analysis was conducted using a combination of buffer, service area, and overlay tools in GIS (Geo-information System) software. The results show that the current ambulance to population ratio in Jakarta is inadequate, with only 78 ambulances available that can only serve a total population of 5,598,058 out of all 10,748,230 people in Jakarta. This means that at least 215 ambulances are needed to provide comprehensive coverage for the entire population. Furthermore, the golden time for ambulance response, as set by the Ministry of Health in Indonesia, is less than 15 minutes. However, the current ambulance to population ratio in Jakarta makes it difficult to meet this standard.
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Masterson, Siobhán, Eithne Heffernan, Dylan Keegan, Bridget Clarke, Conor Deasy, Cathal O'Donnell, Philip Crowley, Roisin Breen, Maureen E. Kelly, and Andrew W. Murphy. "Rapid response and learning for later: establishing high quality information networks and evaluation frameworks for the National Ambulance Service response to COVID-19 – the ENCORE COVID Project Protocol." HRB Open Research 3 (September 22, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13149.1.
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Background: The National Ambulance Service (NAS) is at the forefront of Ireland’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As directed in Ireland’s National Action Plan, NAS significantly expanded prehospital services, including provision of a novel home and community COVID-19 testing service. Additionally, other health services rely on NAS’s capacity to assess, transport and/or treat COVID-19 patients. In a climate of innovation and adaptation, NAS needs to learn from international ambulance services and share experience. Evaluation of the NAS response to COVID-19 is required to facilitate evidence-based planning for subsequent waves or future pandemics, and to identify innovative practice for mainstreaming into routine service provision. Aims: This project aims to provide information networks and evaluation tools that will help NAS meet these requirements. Methods: The first aim will be to produce ambulance-specific research and information updates for NAS. Secondly, an international network of senior ambulance and research personnel will be established (‘AMBULANCE+COVID19’ network) and a short-survey instrument, the Emergency Medical Services Five Question Survey (EMS-5QS), will be developed. The EMS-5QS will enable AMBULANCE+COVID19 participants to nominate a topic for which they would like to hear about the experience and practice of other ambulance services. Multiple surveys covering a range of topics will be carried out. Finally, an evaluation framework will be developed to enable NAS determine innovations: (1) for reactivation in another wave or new pandemic; (2) to be sustained as part of routine service. The framework will be developed in collaboration with NAS and the Health Service Executive National Quality Improvement Team. The Research Team includes expertise from academia, ambulance services and the National Public Health Emergency Team. Conclusions: Ability to mobilise resources quickly and utilise ready-made international networks will ensure a successful project than can inform future information sharing methodologies and pandemic planning for ambulance services internationally.
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Endri, Gunawan, Muhammad Hadi, and Naryati Naryati. "Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Efektivitas Pelayanan Ambulans Motor." MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal 4, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 1797–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v4i5.14353.
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ABSTRACT Background A motorbike ambulance is a vehicle used to fulfil the response time of emergency victims. After the patient is stabilised, the patient will be taken by ambulance transport or emergency ambulance to the nearest health care facility. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors associated with the effectiveness of motor ambulance services. used cross sectional measurement of independent and dependent variables assessed simultaneously at the same time. There is a significant relationship between officer readiness with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, training factors with a P Value = 0.025 or <0.05, dispatch communication factors with a P Value = 0.000 or <0.05, unit readiness factor and medical equipment with a P Value = 0.000 or < 0.05, geographical factors with a P Value = 0.000 or < 0.05, and experience with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05 with the effectiveness of motor ambulance services with a p-value of 0.000 (p-value ≤ 0.05). The factors that most influence the effectiveness of motor ambulance services are officer readiness (7.129), dispatch communication (21.079), and unit and medical equipment readiness (7.433). Keywords: Effectiveness, Service, Motorbike Ambulance ABSTRAK Ambulans motor merupakan kendaraan yang digunakan untuk memenuhi waktu respon penanganan korban gawat darurat. Setelah pasien stabil, maka pasien akan dibawa menggunakan ambulans transport atau ambulans gawat darurat menuju fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan terdekat. Ini untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan efektivitas pelayanan ambulans motor. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional pengukuran variabel independen dan dependen dinilai secara simultan pada waktu yang sama.Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kesiapan petugas dengan nilai p-value 0,000< 0,05, faktor pelatihan dengan dilai P Value = 0,025 atau < 0,05, faktor komunikasi dispatch dengan nilai P Value = 0,000 atau < 0,05, faktor kesiapan unit dan alkes dengan dilai P Value = 0,000 atau < 0,05, faktor geografis dengan nilai P Value = 0,000 atau < 0,05, dan pengalaman dengan nilai p-value 0,000< 0,05 dengan efektivitas pelayanan ambulans motor dengan p-value 0,000 (p-value ≤ 0,05). Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi efektivitas pelayanan ambulans motor kesiapan petugas (7,129), komunikasi dispatch (21,079), dan kesiapan unit dan alkes (7,433). Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Pelayanan, Ambulans Motor
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Cortez, Eric J., Ashish R. Panchal, James E. Davis, and David P. Keseg. "The Effect of Ambulance Staffing Models in a Metropolitan, Fire-Based EMS System." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 2 (January 18, 2017): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16001539.
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AbstractIntroductionThe staffing of ambulances with different levels of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) providers is a difficult decision with evidence being mixed on the benefit of each model.Hypothesis/ProblemThe objective of this study was to describe a pilot program evaluating alternative staffing on two ambulances utilizing the paramedic-basic (PB) model (staffed with one paramedic and one emergency medical technician[EMT]).MethodsThis was a retrospective study conducted from September 17, 2013 through December 31, 2013. The PB ambulances were compared to geographically matched ambulances staffed with paramedic-paramedic (PP ambulances). One PP and one PB ambulance were based at Station A; one PP and one PB ambulance were based at Station B. The primary outcome was total on-scene time. Secondary outcomes included time-to-electrocardiogram (EKG), time-to-intravenous (IV) line insertion, IV-line success rate, and percentage of protocol violations. Inclusion criteria were all patients requesting prehospital services that were attended to by these teams. Patients were excluded if they were not attended to by the study ambulance vehicles. Descriptive statistics were reported as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). Proportions were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Mann-Whitley U test was used for significance testing (P<.05).ResultsMedian on-scene times at Station A for the PP ambulance were shorter than the PB ambulance team (PP: 10.1 minutes, IQR 6.0-15; PB: 13.0 minutes, IQR 8.1-18; P=.01). This finding also was noted at Station B (PP: 13.5 minutes, IQR 8.5-19; PB: 14.3 minutes, IQR 9.9-20; P=.01). There were no differences between PP and PB ambulance teams at Station A or Station B in time-to-EKG, time-to-IV insertion, IV success rate, and protocol violation rates.ConclusionIn the setting of a well-developed EMS system utilizing an all-Advanced Life Support (ALS) response, this study suggests that PB ambulance teams may function well when compared to PP ambulances. Though longer scene times were observed, differences in time to ALS interventions and protocol violation rates were not different. Hybrid ambulance teams may be an effective staffing alternative, but decisions to use this model must address clinical and operational concerns.CortezEJ, PanchalAR, DavisJE, KesegDP. The effect of ambulance staffing models in a metropolitan, fire-based EMS system. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(2):175–179.
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Zakariah, Ahmed, Barclay T. Stewart, Edmund Boateng, Christiana Achena, Gavin Tansley, and Charles Mock. "The Birth and Growth of the National Ambulance Service in Ghana." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16001151.
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AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to document the growth and challenges encountered in the decade since inception of the National Ambulance Service (NAS) in Ghana, West Africa. By doing so, potentially instructive examples for other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) planning a formal prehospital care system or attempting to identify ways to improve existing emergency services could be identified.MethodsData routinely collected by the Ghana NAS from 2004-2014 were described, including: patient demographics, reason for the call, response location, target destination, and ti1mes of service. Additionally, the organizational structure and challenges encountered during the development and maturation of the NAS were reported.ResultsIn 2004, the NAS piloted operations with 69 newly trained emergency medical technicians (EMTs), nine ambulances, and seven stations. The NAS expanded service delivery with 199 ambulances at 128 stations operated by 1,651 EMTs and 47 administrative and maintenance staff in 2014. In 2004, nine percent of the country was covered by NAS services; in 2014, 81% of Ghana was covered. Health care transfers and roadside responses comprised the majority of services (43%-80% and 10%-57% by year, respectively). Increased mean response time, stable case holding time, and shorter vehicle engaged time reflect greater response ranges due to increased service uptake and improved efficiency of ambulance usage. Specific internal and external challenges with regard to NAS operations also were described.ConclusionThe steady growth of the NAS is evidence of the need for Emergency Medical Services and the effects of sound planning and timely responses to changes in program indicators. The way forward includes further capacity building to increase the number of scene responses, strengthening ties with local health facilities to ensure timely emergency medical care and appropriateness of transfers, assuring a more stable funding stream, and improving public awareness of NAS services.ZakariahA, StewartBT, BoatengE, AchenaC, TansleyG, MockC. The birth and growth of the National Ambulance Service in Ghana. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(1):83–93.
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Caliskan, Cuneyt, and K. Hakan Altintas. "Time, island and ambulance type characteristics of patient transfers from two Turkish islands." International Journal of Emergency Services 9, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-12-2018-0065.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the time, place and ambulance types specified on the ambulance patient registry forms for cases transferred through 112 EMS in the Bozcaada and Gökçeada island districts of the province of Çanakkale. Design/methodology/approach The universe of the descriptive – cross-sectional epidemiological study was composed of the ambulance patient registration forms of the cases which were transferred from Bozcaada and Gökçeada islands between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013. Findings Of the transfers made, 28.1 percent were in the year 2012, 39.5 percent were in summer, 16.6 percent were in July, 17.9 percent were on Monday, 37.1 percent were between 12.00 and 17.59 h and 61.5 percent were from Gökçeada island. Ground ambulances were more common in the transfers from Bozcaada island, while ambulance boat and helicopter ambulance were more common for transfers from Gökçeada island. Helicopter-Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) (p<0.001), which is commonly preferred for patient transfers, inversely affects the use of Ambulance Boat-Emergency Medical Service (BEMS) and ground ambulances. Transfers from Bozcaada island were found to be shorter in duration, and the number of transfers from Bozcaada island between 00.00 and 05.59 h were found to be higher than from Gökçeada island (p<0.001), while the number of transfers via ground ambulance between 00.00 and 05.59 h were found to be higher than the other ambulance types (p<0.001). Practical implications This study reveals the current state of the various referral routes from the islands. Originality/value This paper is the first study to demonstrate the characteristics of patients referred from the island belongs to Turkey.
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Aryani, Putu, Ngakan Putu Anom Harjana, Pande Putu Januraga, Desak Ketut Dewi Satiawati Kurnianingsih, Gede Benny Setia Wirawan, Ni Made Adi Swapatni, and I. Komang Gede Sentanu Wibawa. "Water Ambulance Service Provision to Improve Healthcare Access for Community in Nusa Penida Island, Bali: A Qualitative Feasibility Study." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53638/phpma.2022.v10.i2.p07.
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Background and purpose: An important component of healthcare access is transportation. Lack of transportation has been cited as an important barrier to healthcare access in remote islands region. Here we conduct a feasibility study on the implementation of water ambulance service to improve healthcare access in the region of Nusa Penida and its surrounding islands in Bali Province, Indonesia. Methods: We employed a qualitative approach with interviews and focused group discussions with stakeholders. Data collection was conducted to assess the feasibility of operating water ambulance services, based on a framework that included technical, market, organizational, and financial feasibilities. Inductive coding was conducted and data was analyzed to evaluate the feasibility based on local capacity against pre-determined framework of assessment based in literature. Results: Qualitative interviews revealed perceived urgency and need for water ambulance service among stakeholders. They also perceive the need of water ambulance service was not mutually exclusive to other alternatives, such as expanding healthcare capacity on the islands. There was also readiness and adequate capacity from stakeholders which include a dedicated health emergency services under the health office that coordinate ambulance service in the region, readiness to create dedicated medical team and boat crew to operate water ambulance services, and readiness to cover the cost of initial procurement followed by operational costs which may include public-private partnerships. Conclusion: There was a strong perceived need for water ambulance service in Nusa Penida Islands. At the same time, local stakeholders revealed adequate basic capacity to feasibly operate water ambulance services according to benchmarks identified in literature review.
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Angdresey, Apriandy, Vivie Deyby Kumenap, and Phil Anggara Everhard Bawole. "The Comparison of Distance Methods on The On-Demand Ambulance Application." CICES 9, no. 2 (August 18, 2023): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/cices.v9i2.2700.
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The on-demand ambulance is an application service that can be used to connect hospital ambulances or NGOs with people who need ambulance services. In this application, there is a geolocation feature service that is implemented with the distance calculation method, so that the feature gets the optimal distance with high accuracy. There are 3 distance search methods used in testing the distance search method, namely the haversine method, the Euclidean method, and the spherical triangle law of the cosine method. This study was conducted by utilizing data collected from the Google Maps API and obtained an accuracy of 100% for the haversine and spherical triangle law of cosine methods, while the accuracy was 89.95% for the Euclidean method.
Keywords—Distance Method; Haversine; Euclidean, Spherical Triangle Law of Cosine
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Pniewski, Roman, Daniel Pietruszczak, and Michał Ciupak. "Logistics in collective transport of emergency medical services." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.531.
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The paper discusses the subject of logistics in ambulance transport based on the example of an ambulance service. When discussing this subject, it is worth noting that an interesting issue related to its functioning is that relating to its relationship with transport logistics regarding travel time to the patient. Discussing this topic will be the subject of this paper. A logistics process will be presented on the example of logistics in the transport of ambulances.
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Lee, Jeong Hyeok. "Improvement Plan for Overseas 119 Air Ambulance Service." Liberal Arts Innovation Center 12 (July 31, 2023): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.54698/kl.2023.12.175.
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Following the tourist falling accident in the Grand Canyon of the United States, the need for medical services for overseas Koreans is on the rise. In this study, I tried to suggest an improvement plan for the 119 Air Ambulance Service, which is an unmet emergency service need, because overseas Koreans must receive the same emergency service as domestic citizens. According to a literature review, air ambulance services have been universalized worldwide when considering goal setting, strategy setting, organizational structure, and geographical conditions step-by-step. Fixedwing aircraft, the core equipment of air ambulance services, may incur high costs; therefore, it is necessary to consider the uncertainty of the initial business, and to utilize Incheon International Airport in consideration of the regional conditions of an international airport for overseas dispatches in relation to the operation of the organization. As operating personnel, an Air Ambulance Transfer Team Leader, Air Ambulance Medical Team Leader (specialist), and EMS Provider are required, starting with the central 119 EMS Captain, and it is recommended to have advanced life support (ALS)-level professional equipment capable of transporting critical patients.
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Mafaza Rahadiani, Nadzira, Dinda Fadillah, Musyarofah Apriliana Fauzia, and Lathiful Khuluq. "Peningkatan Kualitas Layanan Ambulans Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta." Surya : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 2 (January 9, 2024): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37150/jsu.v5i2.2479.
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This article is a report on the activities of the Independent Learning Independent Campus (MBKM) Humanitarian Project for Social Welfare Science students. Considering the urgency to create standard standards in providing services to the community, Muhammadiyah Ambulance together with MBKM students realized the formation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). This SOP will be a standard and structured guide for Muhammadiyah Ambulance drivers, crew, and volunteers in carrying out their duties. Creating, finalizing, and implementing good SOPs is an important step to improve the quality and effectiveness of Muhammadiyah Ambulance services, as well as minimizing the risks associated with the absence of SOPs or inconsistent implementation. Service operational standards as a requirement in service mobility will contain five important things, including first, service management standards, second, driver and crew rules, third, ethics in driving, fourth regarding unit and service procedures, and fifth, additional rules required in service. This SOP was created through several stages, namely operational update assessment, planning, focus group discussion (FGD), review, validation and legitimacy, policy implementation, and evaluation. All stages have been carried out thoroughly and maximally over a period of three months, resulting in a structured standard guide in the form of Standard Operational Procedures for Muhammadiyah Ambulance Services. This SOP has now been used in your Ambulance service. The planning for making this SOP was carried out well thanks to the collaboration between MBKM humanitarian project students and the Yogyakarta Special Region Ambulance Service agency.
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Harvey, Chris, Simon Froggatt, Bryan Lightowler, and Andrew Hodge. "The ambulance service advanced practitioner's role in supporting care homes: a qualitative study of care staff experiences." Nursing and Residential Care 23, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2021.23.10.3.
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Background/aims The demand from care homes on NHS services continues to rise, with little evidence of ambulance service contribution in this area. The Yorkshire Ambulance Service provides an advanced practitioner model to support care homes in Sheffield, as an alternative to calling 999. This study investigated the experiences and needs of the care home staff who use the ambulance service advanced practitioner model. Methods This qualitative study conducted semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 19 staff members from 10 different care home settings. Thematic analysis using a combination of NVivo and manual coding was undertaken. Results The three key themes from the interviews were variations in service demand, the service user's expectations and experience, and benefits to residents. Participants reported that good community services reduced the need to call 999, empowering carers to support residents to remain in the community. Conclusions Care homes require comprehensive services that meet their needs. The advanced practitioner model provided by the ambulance service supports this, preventing unnecessary 999 calls and fitting with other community service provision.
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Harvey, Chris, Simon Froggatt, Bryan Lightowler, and Andrew Hodge. "The ambulance service advanced practitioner's role in supporting care homes: a qualitative study of care staff experiences." British Journal of Healthcare Management 27, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2020.0145.
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Background/Aims The demand from care homes on NHS services continues to rise, with little evidence of ambulance service contribution in this area. The Yorkshire Ambulance Service provides an advanced practitioner model to support care homes in Sheffield, as an alternative to calling 999. This study investigated the experiences and needs of the care home staff who use the ambulance service advanced practitioner model. Methods This qualitative study conducted semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 19 staff members from 10 different care home settings. Thematic analysis using a combination of NVivo and manual coding was undertaken. Results The three key themes from the interviews were variations in service demand, the service user's expectations and experience, and benefits to residents. Participants reported that good community services reduced the need to call 999, empowering carers to support residents to remain in the community. Conclusions Care homes require comprehensive services that meet their needs. The advanced practitioner model provided by the ambulance service supports this, preventing unnecessary 999 calls and fitting with other community service provision.
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Kingsley, Mawuli. "The Birth and Growth of the National Ambulance Service in Ghana." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002218.
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Introduction:This study aimed to document the growth and challenges encountered in the decade since inception of the National Ambulance Service (NAS) in Ghana, West Africa. By doing so, potentially instructive examples for other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) planning a formal prehospital care system or attempting to identify ways to improve existing emergency services could be identified.Methods:Data routinely collected by the Ghana NAS from 2004–2014 were described, including: patient demographics, reason for the call, response location, target destination, and types of service. Additionally, the organizational structure and challenges encountered during the development and maturation of the NAS were reported.Results:In 2004, the NAS piloted operations with 69 newly trained emergency medical technicians (EMTs), nine ambulances, and seven stations. The NAS expanded service delivery with 199 ambulances at 128 stations operated by 1,651 EMTs and 47 administrative and maintenance staff in 2014. In 2004, nine percent of the country was covered by NAS services; in 2014, 81% of Ghana was covered. Health care transfers and roadside responses comprised the majority of services (43%–80% and 10%–57% by year, respectively). Increased mean response time, stable case holding time, and shorter vehicle engaged time reflect greater response ranges due to increased service uptake and improved efficiency of ambulance usage. Specific internal and external challenges with regard to NAS operations also were described.Discussion:The steady growth of the NAS is evidence of the need for Emergency Medical Services and the effects of sound planning and timely responses to changes in program indicators. The way forward includes further capacity building to increase the number of scene responses, strengthening ties with local health facilities to ensure timely emergency medical care and appropriateness of transfers, assuring a more stable funding stream, and improving public awareness of NAS services.
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Lim, Jae-Man, and Sang-Gyun Roh. "Measures to Prevent Traffic Accidents and Reduce Damages in 119 Ambulances." Fire Science and Engineering 37, no. 6 (December 31, 2023): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.d154645f.
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In 2021, the National Fire Agency recorded 141 traffic accidents involving 119 ambulances. A common scenario involves collisions at intersections, where ambulances often running into a red light intersect with vehicles proceeding with a green light. These accidents entail special attention because of the potential threats they pose not only to emergency medical service (EMS) personnel but also to the safety of patients and other vehicles on the road. Many studies have emphasized that it is necessary to reinforce the priority rights of ambulance and the duty of other vehicles to yield. However, research addressing challenges faced by ambulance drivers has remained insufficient. This study conducted a survey of EMS personnel about their psychological status while driving an ambulance and the use of warning lights and sirens. Prevention of traffic accidents related to 119 ambulances entails data collection and statistical analysis, reinforcement of professionals, expansion of emergency vehicle priority signaling systems, and development of simulator-based training programs. Policies that do not reflect ambulance drivers’ psychological state and driving patterns might turn out to be ineffective.
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Wirtu, Rebuma, Solomon Yeshanew, and Abdi Geda. "Utilization of Ambulance Services and Associated Factors during Pregnancy and Labor Among Lactating Mothers in Buno Bedele Zone, Southwest Ethiopia." Health Services Insights 16 (January 2023): 117863292311572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329231157227.
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In Ethiopia, the use of ambulance services for urgent obstetric care improved institutional delivery and reduced maternal mortality. However, poor infrastructure, delayed response from dispatchers, and other socioeconomic factors influence service utilization. The present study assessed the utilization of ambulance services and associated factors during pregnancy and labor among lactating mothers in the Buno Bedele administrative zone of Southwest Ethiopia. Community-based cross-sectional study design with a sample of 792 lactating mothers was carried out. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed, and data were collected through structured questionnaire, and focus group discussions (FGD). Among the 792 study participants, 618 (78%) had antenatal care (ANC) follow up and 705 (89%) were aware of information on the availability of free ambulance services. Eighty one percent study participants requested for ambulance services, and 576 (79%) utilized during their pregnancy and delivery periods. Awareness of free ambulance service (AOR = 3, 95% CI [1.4, 7.1], P = .006), maternal formal education (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI [1.46, 9.8], P = .006) and ANC follow up (AOR = 4.5, 95% CI [8.9, 23.3], P = .001) were identified factors responsible for enhanced ambulance services utilization in the study area. The finding of the present study revealed that pregnant women had a higher tendency to use ambulance services during their obstetric emergency. However, poor communication and road infrastructure, as well as delayed dispatcher response hampered better service utilization.
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Lederman, Jakob, Veronica Lindström, Carina Elmqvist, Caroline Löfvenmark, and Therese Djärv. "Non-conveyance in the ambulance service: a population-based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e036659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036659.
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ObjectivesNon-conveyed patients represent a significant proportion of all patients cared for by ambulance services in the western world. However, scientific knowledge on non-conveyance is sparse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of non-conveyance, investigate associations and compare patients’ characteristics, drug administration, initial problems and vital signs between non-conveyed and conveyed patients.DesignA population-based retrospective cohort study.SettingThe study setting area, Stockholm, Sweden, has a population of 2.3 million inhabitants, with seven emergency hospitals. Annually, approximately 210 000 assignments are performed by 73 ambulances. All ambulance assignments performed from 1 January to 31 December 2015 were included.ResultsIn total, 23 603 ambulance assignments ended in non-conveyance—13.8% of all ambulance assignments performed in 2015. Compared with conveyed patients, non-conveyed patients were younger and more often female (median age 50.1 years for non-conveyed vs 61.7 years for conveyed; female=52 %, both p values <0.001). Approximately half of all ambulance assignments ending in non-conveyance were initially prioritised and dispatched as the highest priority. Non-conveyed patients were more often assessed by ambulance clinicians as presenting non-specific symptoms or symptoms related to psychiatric problems. Low blood glucose levels were highly associated with non-conveyance (adjusted OR (AOR): 15; 95 % CI 11.18 to 20.13), although non-conveyed patients presented abnormal vital signs across all categories of vital signs. Moreover, drugs were more often administered to younger non-conveyed patients. Older patients were more often conveyed and administered drugs once conveyed (AOR: 1.29; 95 % CI 1.07 to 1.56).ConclusionsThis study shows that non-conveyed patients represent a non-negligible proportion of all patients in contact with ambulance services. In general, most cases of non-conveyance occur at the highest dispatch level, to a large extent involve younger patients, and features problems assessed by ambulance clinicians as non-specific or related to psychiatric symptoms.
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Dixon, Mark, Jason P. Appleton, Polly Scutt, Lisa J. Woodhouse, Lee J. Haywood, Diane Havard, Julia Williams, Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena, and Philip M. Bath. "Time intervals and distances travelled for prehospital ambulance stroke care: data from the randomised-controlled ambulance-based Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2 (RIGHT-2)." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e060211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060211.
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ObjectivesAmbulances offer the first opportunity to evaluate hyperacute stroke treatments. In this study, we investigated the conduct of a hyperacute stroke study in the ambulance-based setting with a particular focus on timings and logistics of trial delivery.DesignMulticentre prospective, single-blind, parallel group randomised controlled trial.SettingEight National Health Service ambulance services in England and Wales; 54 acute stroke centres.ParticipantsParamedics enrolled 1149 patients assessed as likely to have a stroke, with Face, Arm, Speech and Time score (2 or 3), within 4 hours of symptom onset and systolic blood pressure >120 mm Hg.InterventionsParamedics administered randomly assigned active transdermal glyceryl trinitrate or sham.Primary and secondary outcomesModified Rankin scale at day 90. This paper focuses on response time intervals, distances travelled and baseline characteristics of patients, compared between ambulance services.ResultsParamedics enrolled 1149 patients between September 2015 and May 2018. Final diagnosis: intracerebral haemorrhage 13%, ischaemic stroke 52%, transient ischaemic attack 9% and mimic 26%. Timings (min) were (median (25–75 centile)): onset to emergency call 19 (5–64); onset to randomisation 71 (45–116); total time at scene 33 (26–46); depart scene to hospital 15 (10–23); randomisation to hospital 24 (16–34) and onset to hospital 97 (71–141). Ambulances travelled (km) 10 (4–19) from scene to hospital. Timings and distances differed between ambulance service, for example, onset to randomisation (fastest 53 min, slowest 77 min; p<0.001), distance from scene to hospital (least 4 km, most 20 km; p<0.001).ConclusionWe completed a large prehospital stroke trial involving a simple-to-administer intervention across multiple ambulance services. The time from onset to randomisation and modest distances travelled support the applicability of future large-scale paramedic-delivered ambulance-based stroke trials in urban and rural locations.Trial registration numberISRCTN26986053.
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Köhler, Alexander, and Peter Dürner. "German Helicopter Ambulance Service." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065766.
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The aim of primary air rescue is to assist the ground-level rescue services by bringing emergency physicians and rescue assistants more quickly to the scene of the accident, and, if necessary, to carry but the swiftest possible and most careful transport of emergency patients to the nearest suitable hospital. Furthermore, the rescue helicopter can substitute for the ambulance car in case of unsuitable terrain, or in certain climatic conditions.Limitations of helicopter services include night, certain weather conditions, cost and distance. Helicopters are centered in Air Rescue Centres which have an operational radius of 30-50 km. Expense permits only one helicopter to be stationed in each center, but if the helicopter is not able to fly, a replacement machine must be available immediately. Secondary rescue operations should be taken over by neighboring centers.In 1983, the Federal Republic of Germany had 36 officially recognized helicopter centers concerned with primary air rescue. They are supported by the Federal Home Office (emergency control) (18 centers), the Army (6), the German Air Rescue (5), the ADAC (German Automobile Club) (4), and other organizations (3). The Swiss Air Rescue in Basel, Switzerland covers Germany's area of South Baden, and the French Air Rescue in Strasbourg covers middle Baden.
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Williams, Paul. "London ambulance service inquiry." Computer Audit Update 1993, no. 4 (April 1993): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-2593(93)90163-u.
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Hutton, David, and Guillaume Alinier. "Ambulance service operational improvement." International Paramedic Practice 3, no. 3 (August 2013): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ippr.2013.3.3.61.
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Baghdadi, Fadi, Bridie Angela Evans, Steve Goodacre, Paul Anthony John, Thanuja Hettiarachchi, Ann John, Ronan A. Lyons, et al. "Building an understanding of Ethnic minority people’s Service Use Relating to Emergency care for injuries: the BE SURE study protocol." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (April 2023): e069596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069596.
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IntroductionInjuries are a major public health problem which can lead to disability or death. However, little is known about the incidence, presentation, management and outcomes of emergency care for patients with injuries among people from ethnic minorities in the UK. The aim of this study is to investigate what may differ for people from ethnic minorities compared with white British people when presenting with injury to ambulance and Emergency Departments (EDs).Methods and analysisThis mixed methods study covers eight services, four ambulance services (three in England and one in Scotland) and four hospital EDs, located within each ambulance service. The study has five Work Packages (WP): (WP1) scoping review comparing mortality by ethnicity of people presenting with injury to emergency services; (WP2) retrospective analysis of linked NHS routine data from patients who present to ambulances or EDs with injury over 5 years (2016–2021); (WP3) postal questionnaire survey of 2000 patients (1000 patients from ethnic minorities and 1000 white British patients) who present with injury to ambulances or EDs including self-reported outcomes (measured by Quality of Care Monitor and Health Related Quality of Life measured by SF-12); (WP4) qualitative interviews with patients from ethnic minorities (n=40) and focus groups—four with asylum seekers and refugees and four with care providers and (WP5) a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative findings.Ethics and disseminationThis study received a favourable opinion by the Wales Research Ethics Committee (305391). The Health Research Authority has approved the study and, on advice from the Confidentiality Advisory Group, has supported the use of confidential patient information without consent for anonymised data. Results will be shared with ambulance and ED services, government bodies and third-sector organisations through direct communications summarising scientific conference proceedings and publications.
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Paravar, Mohammad, Somaye Safavi, Razie Eghtesadi, Mahdi Mohamadzade, Mojtaba Sehat, Mohammadreza Fazel, Esmaeil Fakharian, et al. "The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in the ambulances and on-call emergency medical service personnel of Kashan city in Iran." Journal of Emergency Practice and Trauma 6, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jept.2019.13.
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Objective: Emergency medical services systems are at the first line of dealing with patients who suffer from various infections. Conducting investigations on the bacterial contamination of emergency ambulances play a crucial role to improve the occupational health of staff as well as the quality of patient care. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and other life treating bacteria in the urban and rural ambulances and their on-call emergency medical service personnel. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 12 front line prehospital emergency urban and rural ambulances in Kashan, Iran, in 2015. A total of 18 sites were sampled in each ambulance and from the nose of personnel. Grown colonies were confirmed based on colony morphology on mannitol salt agar plates, gram stain reaction and biochemical characteristics reactions. Results: The S. aureus contamination was only isolated from the nose of on-call emergency medical service providers of 12 urban and road ambulances, while no sign of contamination was found in 18 sampling sites of these front-line ambulances. Also, further evaluation of these sampling sites revealed the contamination with coagulase-negative staphylococci in all of them and oxygen tank was introduced as the most contaminated site inside the ambulances. Moreover, the prevalence of equipment contamination was significantly higher in urban ambulances. Conclusion: Identifying the rate of pathogens in clinical settings like the pre-hospital ambulance setting is an important issue which should be carefully considered.
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Puspita, Sartika, Denny Anggoro Prakoso, and Romadhon Yuan Aziz. "PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN PETUGAS AMBULANMU DI ERA KEBIASAAN BARU PANDEMI COVID-19." SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 6, no. 1 (March 6, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v6i1.7351.
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ABSTRAKEra kebiasaan baru pandemi Covid-19 saat ini perlu dilakukan pelatihan petugas dan relawan Ambulanmu Pimpinan ranting Muhammadiyah (PRM) Nitikan Umbulharjo Yogyakarta yang berasal dari anggota Komando Kesiapsiagaan Angkatan Muda Muhammadiyah (KOKAM). Di masa Covid-19 ini perlu pembekalan petugas dan relawan mengenai cara mengoperasikan ambulanmu secara aman terhadap transmisi virus. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah anggota KOKAM PRM Nitikan sebagai petugas Ambulanmu dapat memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang meningkat di era kebiasaan baru. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian ini meliputi penyuluhan dan pelatihan di aula Masjid Sulthonain PRM Nitikan dengan peserta terbatas dengan protokol kesehatan yang ketat. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan melalui kuliah, forum diskusi berkelompok dan praktik keterampilan kerja (skills lab) dengan narasumber Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Kota Yogyakarta serta tim rukti jenazah PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Hasil pengabdian ini terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petugas ambulanmu dalam menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD), rukti jenazah, teknik disinfektanisasi jenazah, peribadatan, sterilisasi ambulans dan petugasnya serta protokol pelayanan jenazah sampai penguburannya. Implikasi kesgiatan ini anggota kokam sebagai relawan ambulanmu siap menghadapi pasien dan jenazah Covid-19. Hasil kegiatan ini terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan KOKAM petugas ambulanmu dalam situasi era pandemi Covid-19. Kata Kunci: ambulanmu; covid-19, KOKAM; nitikan; PRM ABSTRACTIn the new era of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to train Ambulanmu officers and volunteers. The leadership of the Muhammadiyah branch (PRM) Nitikan Umbulharjo Yogyakarta who comes from members of the Muhammadiyah Youth Preparedness Command (KOKAM). During this Covid-19 period, it is necessary to equip officers and volunteers on how to operate ambulance safely against virus transmission. The purpose of this community service is that members of KOKAM PRM Nitikan as Ambulanmu officers can have increased knowledge and skills in the era of new habits. The method of implementing this service includes counseling and training in the hall of the Sulthonain PRM Nitikan Mosque with limited participants with strict health protocols. The method used is counseling through lectures, group discussion forums and work practices (skills lab) with speakers from the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) of Yogyakarta City and the PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta mortuary team. The results of this service are an increase in the knowledge and skills of your ambulance officers in using personal protective equipment (PPE), burial of corpses, body disinfection techniques, worship, sterilization of ambulances and their officers as well as protocols for service bodies to burial. The implication of this activity is that the kokam members as ambulanmu volunteers are ready to Covid-19 patients and corpses. The result of this activity is an increase in the knowledge and skills of ambulanmu officer KOKAM in the the Covid-19 pandemic era. Keywords: ambulanmu; covid-19; KOKAM; nitikan; PRM
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Tsai, Yihjia, Hwei Jen Lin, Pei-Wen Chi, and Kelvin W. Lee. "Empirical Spatial Density-Based Emergency Medical Service Demand Forecast for Ambulance Allocation." Advances in Data Science and Adaptive Analysis 13, no. 01 (January 2021): 2150003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424922x21500030.
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In a previous study, we solved the two-fold dynamic ambulance allocation problem, including forecasting the distribution of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) requesters and dynamically allocating ambulances according to the predicted distribution of requesters. In the definition of the coverage region, the Euclidean distance was used, which is not suitable for measuring the length of a route between two places. This study improved on the previous one by redefining the coverage region for practical application and providing a simulation model to verify the effectiveness of the proposed ambulance allocation method. The simulation results show the proposed allocation method providing higher demand coverage rates and shorter response distances than the official allocation.