Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ambiguity'
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1
Hartmann, L. "Perceived ambiguity, ambiguity attitude and strategic ambiguity in games." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/35581.
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This thesis contributes to the theoretical work on decision and game theory when decision makers or players perceive ambiguity. The first article introduces a new axiomatic framework for ambiguity aversion and provides axiomatic characterizations for important preference classes that thus far had lacked characterizations. The second article introduces a new axiom called Weak Monotonicity which is shown to play a crucial role in the multiple prior model. It is shown that for many important preference classes, the assumption of monotonic preferences is a consequence of the other axioms and does not have to be assumed. The third article introduces an intuitive definition of perceived ambiguity in the multiple prior model. It is shown that the approach allows an application to games where players perceive strategic ambiguity. A very general equilibrium existence result is given. The modelling capabilities of the approach are highlighted through the analysis of examples. The fourth article applies the model from the previous article to a specific class of games with a lattice-structure. We perform comparative statics on perceived ambiguity and ambiguity attitude. We show that more optimism does not necessarily lead to higher equilibria when players have Alpha-Maxmin preferences. We present necessary and sufficient conditions on the structure of the prior sets for this comparative statics result to hold. The introductory chapter provides the basis of the four articles in this thesis. An overview of axiomatic decision theory, decision-making under ambiguity and ambiguous games is given. It introduces and discusses the most relevant results from the literature.
2
Emms, Martin Thomas. "Logical ambiguity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26487.
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The thesis presents research in the field of model theoretic semantics on the problem of ambiguity, especially as it arises for sentences that contain junctions (and, or) and quantifiers (every man, a woman). A number of techniques that have been proposed are surveyed, and I conclude that these ought to be rejected because they do not make ambiguity 'emergent': they all have the feature that subtheories would be able to explain all syntactic facts yet would predict to ambiguity. In other words these accounts have a special purpose mechanism for generating ambiguities. It is argued that categorial grammars show promise for giving an 'emergent' account. This is because the only way to take a subtheory of a particular categorial grammar is by changing one of the small number of clauses by which the categorial grammar axiomatises an infinite set of syntactic rules, and such a change is likely to have a wider range of effects on the coverage of the grammar than simply the subtraction of ambiguity. Of categorial grammars proposed to date the most powerful is Lambek Categorial Grammar, which defines the set of syntactic rules by a notational variant of Gentzen's sequent calculus for implicational propositional logic, and which defines meaning assignment by using the Curry-Howard isomorphism between Natural Deduction proofs in implicational propositional logic and terms of typed lambda calculus. It is shown that no satisfactory account of the junctions and quantifiers is possible in Lambek categorial grammar. I introduce then a framework that I call Polymorphic Lambek Categorial Grammar, which adds variables and their universal quantification, to the language of categorisation.
3
Tan, Vaughn. "Intentional ambiguity." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10785.
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In this dissertation, I present a grounded exploration of some processes and mechanisms through which internal ambiguity helps groups adapt to—and thus cope with—external ambiguity and an unpredictably changing environment.
4
Broll, Udo, and Kit Pong Wong. "Ambiguity and the Incentive to Export." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-150499.
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This paper examines the optimal production and export decisions of an international firm facing exchange rate uncertainty when the firm's preferences exhibit smooth ambiguity aversion. Ambiguity is modeled by a second-order probability distribution that captures the firm's uncertainty about which of the subjective beliefs govern the exchange rate risk. Ambiguity preferences are modeled by the (second-order) expectation of a concave transformation of the (first-order) expected utility of profit conditional on each plausible subjective distribution of the exchange rate risk. Within this framework, we show that ambiguity has no impact on the firm's propensity to export to a foreign country. Ambiguity and ambiguity aversion, however, are shown to have adverse effect on the firm's incentive to export to the foreign country.
5
Ingram, Doug. "Ambiguity in Ecclesiastes /." New York [u.a.] : T & T Clark International, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip067/2006001136.html.
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Ranjous, Majd. "Lexical ambiguity processing." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549666.
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This thesis examines the processes underlying the interpretation of lexically ambiguous words. Experiments 1, 2 and 3 looked at sentence context effects on the processing of balanced ambiguities. The experiments show clear priming of words related to the meanings of the ambiguous word, but they failed to show any effects of context on meaning activation. Experiments 4 and 5 examined meaning activation when ambiguous words are presented on their own. Of particular interest the experiments examined whether meaning frequency has a major role in the early meaning activation, in other words whether the dominant meaning is activated first. Again the experiments showed significant activation of both meanings of the homograph but there was no evidence that frequency is a major factor in this activation process. Experiments 6 and 7 examined context effects on meaning activation in the form of single word context. Experiment 6 used the same materials as in Experiments 4 and 5while Experiment 7 used a subset of those materials and added new materials. Again, both experiments provided further evidence that both meanings are activated with no significant effects of word-context. Finally, Experiments 8, 9, and 10 investigated the role of subjects' attentive strategy; an important factor in language processing in general, and word recognition and meaning selection in particular. EJ5.periment 8 used materials from Experiment 7 but manipulated the semantic relation in the filler items to focus attention on the semantic relation in the experimental items. Similarly, Experiments 9 and 10 looked at this strategic role but in sentence context rather than word context. Experiment 8 produced results showing that subjects can indeed use this strategy to direct attention to the upcoming target resulting in selective access of the dominant meaning when context biased this meaning. When context biased the subordinate meaning, however, both meanings were accessed. Experiments 9 and 10 produced results showing that subjects can use this strategy but differently. In Experiment 9 there was marginally significant activation for both meanings. When context was manipulated in Experiment 10 both meanings were significantly activated Based on these results, a theoretical account of lexical ambiguity processing is proposed, and the thesis considers its implications for theories of lexical ambiguity and word recognition in general
7
Maron, Oded 1971. "Learning from Ambiguity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47515.
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Joyce, Graham. "Ambiguity and resolution." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396265.
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This thesis is submitted in conjunction with published works of fiction for the qualification of PhD in English (Creative Writing) at Nottingham Trent University. The essay is a critical commentary and reflection upon the conception, construction and revision of two published works in particular, Smoking Poppy (2001) and Leningrad Nights (2000). The thesis argues that principal impulses in creative writing can be seen in emblematic form in the ancient, proto-musical story accompanying instruments of the drum and the lyre. The drum marches the narrative towards its ritual ending, while the embellishments of the lyre seek to lift the story out of the flow of time. It is the job of the writer to resolve these often conflicting impulses, and considerations of authorial voice inform that resolution.
9
Nemes, Linda M. "Relevance of ambiguity." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53297.
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Many times it is not an answer towards which we struggle but instead the formulation of the question. The answer then becomes the lifelong quest.
This thesis I believe to be the formulation of that question and my architectural career the pursuit of the answer.Master of Architecture
10
Hlongwana, Colfar. "Ambiguity in XiTsonga." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1768.
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Thesis (M.A. (Translation studies and Lingustics)) --University of Limpopo, 2015The aim of this study is to investigate ambiguity in Xitsonga. There are many kinds of ambiguity, but the study mainly focuses on lexical and structural ambiguity. Lexical ambiguity occurs at word level and is caused by homonyms (homophones and homographs) and polysemes. Structural ambiguity occurs at sentence level. This kind of ambiguity manifests in the structure of the sentence itself. Data were collected through self-observation as a native Xitsonga speaker. Words and sentences with multiple meanings in Xitsonga were listed and tree diagrams were used to illustrate and disambiguate ambiguity. The study reveals that, like other languages, Xitsonga has words and sentences with double or many meanings. KEYWORDS AMBIGUITY, LEXICAL AMBIGUITY, STRUCTURAL AMBIGUITY, HOMONYM, HOMOPHONES, HOMOGRAPHS, POLYSEMES.
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Uslu, Hasan Faruk. "Flexicurity: A Deliberate Ambiguity?" Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609753/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis is to focus on the concept of flexicurity, accepted as the new labour market model balancing the needs of employers for greater flexibility in order to adapt to market forces, and the need of employees for security, which has recently been one of the most popular concepts of the debate on labour market reforms in the European Union. While doing so, this thesis discusses the position of key European institutions, especially of the Commission of the European Communities. The main argument is that the concept is still very open to alternative interpretations at the European Union level. Related to this openness is the fact that the Commission has deliberately instrumentalized the concept&rsquos ambiguity in order to absorb all the main actors into the debate in line with its own policy preferences.
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Atherton, C. "The Stoics on ambiguity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384302.
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Walsh, David M. A. "Kinematic GPS ambiguity resolution." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239858.
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Hamilton, Graham Andrew. "Aspects of visual ambiguity." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441669.
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Angelopoulos, Angelos. "Value allocation under ambiguity." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/value-allocation-under-ambiguity(b55bcab5-a756-41e9-aa8e-f6bc9dc54a3e).html.
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We consider a pure exchange economy with asymmetric information where individual behavior exhibits ambiguity aversion along the line of maximin expected utility decision making. For such economies we introduce different notions of maximin value allocations. We also introduce a strong notion of (maximin) incentive compatibility. We prove existence and incentive compatibility of the maximin value allocation, when the economy's state space is either finite or non-finite. In the latter case, we provide two different existence results: assuming first countable and then uncountable infinitely many states of nature of the world. We conclude that unlike the Bayesian value allocation approach, incentive compatibility is related to efficiency rather than to direct exchange of information.
16
Kosovac, Dennis Steven. "untitled, ambiguity and architecture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127848.
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Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, May, 2020Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 151).
This thesis seeks to expand Robert Venturi's concept of ambiguity in architecture to include meanings that, extending beyond the formal and semiotic, are rooted in narrative. It takes as a precedent the work of Larry Sultan and Mike Mandel, two artists whose book Evidence explores both formal and narrative ambiguity in photography. This expanded definition of ambiguity evokes the mercurial and conflicting thoughts, feelings, facts, and memories that are at the core of architectural experience yet remain conspicuously absent from contemporary discourse. untitled consists of four books that collectively and equally constitute the thesis. Each book can be intepereted independently or in dialogue with its companions. Braddock, Pennsylvania is a steel town downriver from Pittsburgh, in Allegheny County. The town's dualities are manifest in the narrative tensions between past and present, mind and body, growth and decay.
It is home to the first Carnegie Free Library in the US as well as to the Edgar Thomson Steel Works - one of America's earliest, and still-operating, steel mills. Braddock Avenue runs the length of the town and serves as a mile-long Main Street that encompasses the breadth of the town's vernacular American architectural history. The thesis takes as its site the empty lots along Braddock Ave. that now make up nearly half of the streetscape. Without speculating on the uncertain future of the town's industry, the project engages the divergent narratives of the town by imagining a renewal of Braddock Avenue. A formal strategy of mirroring the existing urban fabric is deployed in an act analogous to the production of photographic images. Where possible, existing buildings are mirrored onto adjacent empty lots; in this act each building is isolated, duplicated, and transformed.
The buildings' bounds are reproduced inversely while their materiality and tectonic languages are replaced by new mass timber structural systems and surfaces. Together with these mirrored forms, the sharply differing color of light reflected on these new materials evokes divergent memories and feelings associated with the work of photographers like Diane Arbus and Stephen Shore, who capture the melancholy, peculiarities and optimism of American urban abjection. The dialectic between the town and the mill is represented by a new community center inserted at the heart of Braddock Avenue, radically skewed on an open site adjacent to the Carnegie Library. This singular anomaly is a distorted mirror of the building forms found in the Edgar Thomson Steel Mill, representing the capacity of mirroring to make architecture participate in an expanding field.
The new building's typology, materiality, tectonics, and programs collectively evoke divergent readings that are at once historic and speculative, sacred and profane.
by Dennis Steven Kosovac.
M. Arch.
M.Arch. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture
17
Kang, Yu. "Risk, ambiguity, and insurance /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Couanau, Quentin. "Ambiguity in dynamic contexts." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E010.
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Cette thèse porte sur les conséquences de l’aversion à l’ambiguïté dans des contextes dynamiques en économie. En particulier, elle s’intéresse aux conséquences de l’aversion à l’ambiguïté dans les décisions d’investissement irréversibles, ainsi que dans un problème d’aléa moral dynamique, modélisé en temps continu. Le premier chapitre propose une revue de la littérature traitant de l’aversion à l’ambiguïté en contexte dynamique. Nous y passons en revue les modèles existants ainsi que leurs applications en économie et en finance. Le second chapitre s’intéresse aux décisions d’investissement irréversible d’un monopole et de firmes en compétition parfaite, en présence d’ambiguïté à propos de la volatilité du processus stochastique gouvernant la demande. Cette notion particulière d’ambiguïté nécessite de mobiliser les outils récents de la théorie des espérances non linéaires. On y montre qu’en présence d’aversion à l’ambiguïté, la stratégie optimale d’un monopole implique d’investir plus rapidement que dans un marché en concurrence parfaite. Le troisième chapitre s’appuie sur les résultats du second chapitre pour traiter le cas d’une concurrence imparfaite entre deux firmes. Le quatrième chapitre traite d’un problème d’aléa moral dynamique en temps continu et on y introduit la notion plus classique d’ambiguïté à propos de la dérive du processus gouvernant l’incertitude. On y montre que sous certaines restrictions semblables au cas standard, le contrat optimal est linéaire par rapport à la production finale. Ce résultat nous permet ensuite de discuter l’effet de l’aversion à l’ambiguïté sur les incitations et l’utilisation de l’informationThis thesis focuses on the consequences of ambiguity aversion in dynamic contexts in economics. In particular, we focus on the consequences of ambiguity aversion in irreversible investment problems, and in dynamic moral hazard problems in continuous-time. The first chapter reviews the literature on ambiguity in dynamic contexts, and reviews existing models as well as their applications in economics and finance. The second chapter deals with irreversible investment in the monopoly case and under perfect competition, under ambiguous volatility. The notion of ambiguous volatility requires the use of recent tools in non linear expectation theory. We show that the optimal entry strategy of a monopoly under ambiguous volatility implies investing sooner than the perfectly competitive equilibrium under volatility ambiguity. The third chapter builds on the results of the second chapter and treats a special case of imperfect competition. The last chapter deals with a dynamic principal-agent problem under moral in continuous-time, in which agents perceive ambiguity about the drift of the relevant process. We show that under certain conditions, the optimal contract is linear in final output. We then use this result to discuss the effect of ambiguity aversion on the incentive power of the optimal contract and the informativeness principle
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Rider, Jan K. (Jan Kathleen). "Ambiguity of Loss, Anticipatory Grief, and Boundary Ambiguity in Caregiver Spouses and Parents." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278288/.
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The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the effects of ambiguity of loss and type of caregiver-to-patient relationship on anticipatory grief, negative physical and psychological outcomes associated with grief, and boundary ambiguity in family caregivers of chronically ill patients. Questionnaires were completed by 23 parents of ill children and 30 spouses of ill mates. Using an original and a revised concept for level of ambiguity, partial support was found for the prediction that parents and spouses in high ambiguity of loss circumstances would report more anticipatory grief than those in low ambiguity ones. Contrary to prediction, a slight but nonsignificant trend occurred for parents and spouses in low ambiguity situations to report more negative physical and psychological effects associated with grief as well. Level of ambiguity was not found to impact boundary ambiguity as had been hypothesized. Spouses reported more boundary ambiguity than parents, regardless of level of ambiguity of the loss. Contrary to prediction that parents would report less anticipatory grief and more negative physical and psychological outcomes than spouses, generally, no significant differences were found between the two groups. However, using the original concept of ambiguity, parents did tend to recall more past grief than spouses. The study highlighted several methodological concerns which impact research on loss and grief, particularly the difficulty involved in recruiting participants with subsequent occurrence of sampling bias, rudimentary status of available measurement tools, and a host of potentially confounding personal and sociodemographic variables. The present study supports a view of the loss which occurs in families dealing with chronic illness as a complex process whose impact on grief, distress, and family upheaval is influenced by multiple factors. Such factors include both the ambiguity of the loss and the type of family relationship involved. Complex research of a longitudinal nature using psychosocial models of illness is needed to better delineate the impact of factors such as these.
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Gorla, Tommaso. "Orienting the Uncertain : Visual Ambiguity in Painting and Picture Writing." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0054.
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Cette recherche s'intéresse à l’utilisation délibérée de l’ambiguïté visuelle dans l’art en tant qu’outil potentiel pour augmenter l’impact de l’image et orienter la réponse du spectateur. En examinant des études de cas tirées de l’art de la Renaissance, et en les comparant à des exemples modernes ainsi qu'à des cas ethnographiques, le but de cette thèse est de montrer les prérogatives de l’ambiguïté comme un dispositif de production d’inférences, capable de générer des processus d’abduction qui non seulement engagent le spectateur dans son dialogue avec l’image, mais dirigent aussi la réflexion sur des chemins précis, dont la charge affective dépend précisément de leur nature fluctuante et instable. Entre histoire de l’art et anthropologie cognitive, la présente recherche tente également d’explorer la manière dont ces dispositifs d’orientation de la pensée trouvent une stabilité potentielle selon le régime spécifique du regard dans lequel ils sont situésThis research investigates deliberate use of visual ambiguity in art as a potential tool for orienting the beholder’s response and enhancing image-affect. By investigating case-studies from Renaissance art, and comparing them with further modern examples as well as ethnographic cases, the aim of this thesis is to show the prerogatives of ambiguity as an inference-producing device, capable of generating processes of abduction that will not only engage the beholder further in their dialogue with the image, but will also direct thought along precise paths, whose affective charge relies precisely in their fluctuating and unsettled nature. Between art history and cognitive anthropology, this research also tries to explore the ways in which such devices for thought-orientation find a potential stability according to the specific regime of gaze in which they are situated
21
Main, Daphne. "Auditor decision making under ambiguity : a test of the Einhorn and Hogarth ambiguity model." Connect to resource, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1265296896.
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Chelwa, Grieve. "Ambiguity, ambiguity aversion and the coverage of uncertain risks : the case of the insurer." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10215.
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Ambiguity aversion is defined as an aversion to any mean-preserving spread in the probability space. Using the Smooth Ambiguity Model proposed by Klibanoff, Marinacci and Mukerji (2005), we show that ambiguity aversion results in a reduction in the proportion of insurance coverage offered by an insurer. This is because an ambiguity averse insurer calculates expected utilities by using a 'distorted' probability that raises the marginal disutility of wealth in the loss state. We also show that, in general, an ambiguity averse insurer will not offer more coverage to wealthier agents. Wealthier agents enjoy more coverage when the subjective average probability of loss is significantly high. Our results go a long way in reconciling theoretical models of insurance under ambiguity with the empirical finding that insurers are sensitive to ambiguity.
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Boren, Shedrick John. "Ignoring Ambiguity: Legitimating Clinical Decisions." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/170.
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As technology advances, health care decisions have become increasingly complex. American hospitals, based on accreditation standards, are required to have a system and process to address ethics, patient rights, and responsibilities. These practices vary widely, and there is very little consistency and few standards across the country. Key court cases have provided minor structure, and the federal government has been silent in the formulation of these structures but not necessarily in this arena. Most often, these accreditation standards related to clinical ethics are managed by Healthcare Ethics Committees (HEC). Bioethics has become a growing field, the level of integration between this discipline and healthcare practice varies widely. Using qualitative methods based on Grounded Theory, this analysis presents six key thematic findings, as well as interpretations to identify current challenges and opportunities to make recommendations for improvement by enhancing clarity and reducing ambiguity.
24
Zhang, Jiankang. "Three essays on subjective ambiguity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ35378.pdf.
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Liu, Qin. "Resolving ambiguity in computational stereo." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0028/MQ40746.pdf.
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Rowe, Thomas. "Competing claims, risk and ambiguity." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3584/.
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This thesis engages with the following three questions. First, how should the presence of risk and ambiguity affect how we distribute a benefit to which individuals have competing claims? (In line with common use in decision theory, a case involves risk when we can assign at least subjective probabilities to outcomes and it involves ambiguity when we cannot assign such probabilities.) Second, what is it about the imposition of a risk of harm itself (that is, independently of the resulting harm), such as the playing of Russian roulette on strangers, which calls for justification? Third, in the pursuit of the greater (expected) good, when is it permissible to foreseeably generate harms for others through enabling the agency of evildoers? Chapters 1 through 3 of the thesis provide an answer the first question. Chapter 1 defends the importance of a unique complaint of unfairness that arises in risky distributive cases: that sometimes individuals are better off at the expense of others. Chapter 2 defends a view called Fairness as Proper Recognition of Claims which guides how a decision-maker ought to act in cases where individuals have unequal claims to a good. Chapter 3 considers how the presence of ambiguity affects distributive fairness, and defends an egalitarian account of the evaluation of ambiguous prospects. Chapter 4 provides an answer to the second question through a defence of the Insecurity Account, which is a unique way in which impositions of risks of harm can be said to harm individuals, namely by rendering the victim’s interests less secure. Chapter 5 provides an answer to the third question by defending what I call the Moral Purity Account, to explain when it is permissible to provide aid in cases where individuals are harmed as a foreseeable consequence of the provision of such aid.
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Loke, Wei Sue. "The myth of 'semantic ambiguity'." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621109.
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Pang, Wei. "Ambiguity in macroeconomics and finance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668336.
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Ackerman, Lauren Marie. "In uences on Parsing Ambiguity." Thesis, Northwestern University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3741393.
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The primary goal of this dissertation is to characterize the relative strength of two of the influences on the parser’s behavior during ambiguity resolution: coreference dependency formation and verb frame preference. I find that coreference dependency formation exerts a stronger influence on the parser than does verb frame preference, even when verb frame preference is maximized in transitively biased frames.
Previous studies have shown local attachment bias initially directs the parser to an embedded object analysis in sentences like (1), in which the DP Annie’s melody is locally ambiguous between the embedded object (EO)/matrix subject (MS) analyses (Ferreira and Henderson, 1990).
(1) Whenever she was trying to casually hum Annie’s melody was beautiful.
Additionally, (1) contains a cataphoric pronoun she which triggers an active search for an antecedent, whereby the parser seeks the antecedent only in grammatically sanctioned positions, such as where the antecedent is not c-commanded by the pronoun (Kazanina et al., 2007; van Gompel and Liversedge, 2003). In (1), the closest potential antecedent is Annie. However, it can be the antecedent only if the DP that contains it is analyzed as the MS, thus outside the whenever-clause and not c-commanded by she. A bias toward an early cataphoric dependency formation could lead the parser to analyze the ambiguous DP as the MS. In (1), there is a bias toward a MS analysis from the antecedent search in addition to a bias toward the local attachment EO analysis.
I find that, regardless of the transitivity bias of the verb in the position of hums, the parser forms a dependency between the pronoun she and Annie. This indicates that dependency formation can supersede verb frame preferences and any default preference the parser may have toward local attachment (Phillips and Gibson, 1997). Moreover, I also observe effects attributable to both the MS and EO parses. This suggests that the parser builds both alternatives and maintains them in parallel. From this, I conclude that the parser prioritizes information from an ongoing dependency search over lexical properties during ambiguity resolution.
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Zimmer, Elly Jane, and Elly Jane Zimmer. "Children's Awareness of Syntactic Ambiguity." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620862.
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This dissertation probes children's metalinguistic awareness of syntactic ambiguity (as in the sentence The man is poking the monkey with a banana, where the PP with a banana can be understood in two ways, associated with either the monkey or the poking). Several studies suggest that children do not spontaneously detect syntactic ambiguity until the second grade (e.g., Wankoff, 1983; Cairns et al., 2004). However, syntactic ambiguity detection contributes to reading comprehension skills in second and third graders (e.g., Cairns et al., 2004; Yuill, 2009). This research suggests the hypothesis that syntactic ambiguity awareness should contribute to reading development. Specifically, the theoretical model known as the Simple View of Reading posits that the main components of reading are decoding and linguistic comprehension. Syntactic ambiguity detection could contribute to linguistic comprehension because it helps a listener to overcome comprehension difficulties caused by misinterpreting an ambiguous sentence. Thus, it is important to better understand the early development of syntactic ambiguity awareness. If its connection to reading begins younger than second grade, it might be incorporated into early reading curricula and intervention strategies, which are more effective when applied earlier. This dissertation includes three manuscripts that are or will be submitted for publication. The first manuscript reports on a study that laid the foundation for the following two by testing whether 3- to 5-year-olds access both interpretations of a syntactic ambiguity using a truth value judgment task. The results showed that children do entertain both interpretations, indicating that comprehension should not be an impediment to syntactic ambiguity detection. This study is currently in revisions at First Language (Zimmer, 2016a). The second manuscript reports on a study that tested whether 4- to 7-year-olds can detect ambiguous sentences using a task that differs from those used in previous studies. My study used a picture selection task that tested for conscious awareness by having children teach a puppet why multiple pictures could match one sentence. I developed a scoring system for children's explanations that allowed for more gradient measures of early ambiguity awareness than previous research. The results showed that a small proportion of 4- to 7-year-olds are aware of syntactic ambiguity, and many others are beginning to show indications of such awareness (e.g., they select both pictures but their explanations are not yet adult-like). This manuscript is submitted to The Journal of Psycholinguistic Research (Zimmer, 2016b).The third manuscript reports on a study that tested whether 6- to 7-year-olds can learn syntactic ambiguity detection and whether the learning correlates with improvement at reading readiness measures. Participants were divided into two groups: an ambiguity group that did four weeks of games to teach syntactic ambiguity detection, and a control group that did four weeks of math games. I found that children in the ambiguity group improved more at ambiguity detection and at reading readiness tests than those in the control group. This showed that syntactic ambiguity detection is a learnable skill for children as young as 6 and suggests that its connection to reading is in place that young as well. Thus, this skill could be a valuable addition to early reading curricula and intervention strategies. This manuscript will be submitted to Applied Psycholinguistics (Zimmer, 2016c).
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Owens, Ruth M. MD. "Visual Pleasure and Racial Ambiguity." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2520.
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I struggle to present work that reflects a psychological expressivity which at the same time conveys intellectual concepts that are of concern to me. It seems that the fluidity of an image can communicate a certain pathos, and correspond to the fluid nature of one’s identity. Drippy paint, distorted bodies, and vertiginous video clips can give an indication about what a body feels like from within. Depictions of these bodily feelings help to communicate ideas about what it means to be alive in general, and a mixed race woman, in particular.
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Linse, Charlotta. "Ambiguity at the heart of design work : Sensing and negotiating ambiguity in knowledge-creation work." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206508.
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Ambiguities have long intrigued design and new product development (NPD) researchers: The fascination seems rooted in an endeavor to understand how design outcomes may be created despite the ambiguous nature of such work. There are several classic contributions on how to categorize, avoid and approach ambiguities. Some of the newer theories have also pointed to benefits arising from temporarily sustaining ambiguity. Little research has considered how ambiguities emerge, how ambiguities are sensed by practitioners, and the actions the practitioners take, either to harness or to reduce the generative and transformative power of ambiguity, however. This is unfortunate, since ambiguities are at the heart of such knowing-work. If one does not know how to sense the emergence of ambiguities and act to reduce or harness their generative and transformative power, i.e. negotiate ambiguity, the work might become unproductive, confused, uncreative, and might require more energy and attention. The purpose of this research is to portray how ambiguities emerge and are negotiated in knowing-work. This is achieved by drawing on two cases of design and NPD work, from practice epistemology. The results indicated that the emerging ambiguities changed in the ongoing work, some being reduced, others becoming obsolete or persisting. The results also included five generalized actions to negotiate ambiguity: (1) constructing points of references, (2) mediating between perspectives, (3) anchoring in expertise, (4) disarming future resistance, and (5) creating shared visions. This research has concluded that the very essence of design work concerns the emergence and fading away of ambiguity. The actions taken to negotiate ambiguity mediates the emergence of the design outcome. This research makes two contributions: first, it illustrates how ambiguities open up design work by creating a space for action; second, it illustrates how actions to negotiate ambiguity maneuver in this space for action.Den typ av arbete som tar sig an utvecklandet av nya produkter och tjänster omges ofta av oklarhet kring vad som skall skapas, hur den framtida marknaden ser ut samt vilka utmaningar som kommer att framträda under arbetets gång. Sådana oklarheter har studerats i design- och produktutvecklingsforskning, ofta under antagandet att oklarheterna bör undvikas och minimeras. Dock finns det även nyare forskning som pekar mot att oklarheter kan vara fördelaktiga i arbetet. Forskningen är dock begränsad vad gäller hur oklarheterna framträder i arbetet, hur praktiker förnimmer dessa oklarheter, samt hur en kan ta sig an dessa oklara situationer för att söka reducera eller dra nytta av potentialen i oklara situationer. Detta är olyckligt, då oklarhet ligger i skapandearbetets kärna. En sådan begränsad kunskapsbildning leder till förenklade antaganden kring oklarhetens roll i design- och produktutvecklingsarbete. Därtill får det rent praktiska konsekvenser då designkonsulternas praktik och yrkeskunnande delvis är höljd i dunkel, genom att deras förmåga att förnimma och förhandla oklarhet tidigare förbisetts. Syftet med denna forskning är således att studera hur oklarheter framträder samt förhandlas i skapandearbete, genom att stödja sig på empiriska studier av arbetet i två designkonsultföretag, utifrån ett praktikperspektiv. Resultaten visar både att oklarheter uppkommer och försvinner kontinuerligt i arbetet, samt beskriver fem förhandlingsaktiviteter: (1) skapa referenspunkter; (2) medla mellan perspektiv; (3) förankra i expertis; (4) avväpna framtida motstånd; och (5) skapa gemensamma visioner. Slutsatserna visar på att oklarheter skapar tolkningsutrymme i arbetet: i tvetydighetens många tolkningar öppnas ett utrymme för skapande och möjlighet till omtolkning. Därtill framkommer att förhandlingsaktiviteterna manövrerar i detta tolkningsutrymme, genom att nyttja eller minska oklarhetens många tolkningar.
QC 20170508
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Richardson, Diane Fern, and Diane Fern Richardson. "Toward a Pedagogy of Ambiguity: Incorporating and Assessing Ambiguity in a Multiliteracies-Based Foreign Language Classroom." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621855.
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One of the major challenges that persists in postsecondary foreign language (FL) education in the US today is how to implement a more integrated approach to language and literature instruction, that is, one that fosters critical awareness on multiple levels and prepares learners to be globally-connected and engaged citizens (MLA, 2007; Swaffar & Urlaub, 2014). Major contributions for achieving these goals have come from an array of pedagogical approaches that share in common their focus on language as a resource for making socially and symbolically rich meanings that do more than convey facts or express objectives. These include those designated as multiliteracies and genre-based approaches, as well as those that promote intercultural, symbolic and literary competencies as integral to the language learning experience. All of these frameworks acknowledge to some extent the fact that ambiguity-understood here as the multiplicity, indeterminacy, or destabilization of meaning-characterizes language itself and thus also our day-to-day and global communication, as well as the experience and process of FL learning. This dissertation, based on a qualitative classroom-based research study, considers how ambiguity can more be comprehensively integrated into FL learning and in particular into text-oriented teaching practices. The approach taken was a pedagogy that embraces ambiguity by providing learners and educators with strategies for navigating the moments of indeterminacy, uncertainty, and doubt that they will inevitably encounter in and out of the FL classroom. The study, set in an intermediate German language and culture course at a large public university, investigates 1) how to incorporate and assess moments of ambiguity more comprehensively across the curriculum and 2) how learners responded to various encounters with ambiguity, including ambiguity of genre, perspective, and silence. Data analysis revealed that purposeful integration of induced ambiguity can facilitate more comfort with those three dimensions and that it complements the principles of a multiliteracies-based FL pedagogy.
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Titt, Raphael [Verfasser]. "Investigating the attitude towards ambiguity : Interindividual differences in automatic activations of evaluations of ambiguity / Raphael Titt." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-dspace-1192903.
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Meyer, Aaron M. "Eye-tracking investigations of lexical ambiguity." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4141.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 18, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Scandelius, Christina. "Strategic ambiguity in corporate sustainability communications." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12763.
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Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to develop a better understanding on how businesses should communicate their sustainability strategy to their stakeholders. Businesses are facing the challenge of designing sustainability communications strategies that appeal to stakeholders of various interest and knowledge on the topic, and stakeholders whose objectives might even be contradictory to that of the company. In order to facilitate the communications process to encourage a better uptake of sustainability initiatives by corporations and the public, it is essential to find solutions to these communications challenges. Methodology: The study focuses on the food and drink value chain in Western Europe and is based on empirical evidence from a multiple case study methodology involving in-depth interviews with 25 senior managers and directors from food and drink manufacturing companies, retailers, and some of their stakeholders. Findings: A framework for corporate sustainability communications is developed, depicting five communications strategies. The framework also offers an insight how stakeholders can be categorised into the most appropriate communications strategy through the application of certain segmentation attributes. It is further illustrated how the application of strategic ambiguity can add value to the communications process in order to stimulate interest, initiatives and innovation from stakeholders. Theoretical and practical implications/originality: Previous research on corporate communications strategies, has seen limited empirical validation, is primarily focussed on consumers, and more importantly is lacking in advice regarding how to craft communications that not only appeal to a multitude of stakeholders, but that also encourage collaboration. The findings therefore add confirmation and extension to the previous research and, importantly, it provides a link between theories of strategic ambiguity and the corporate communications literature. The framework also offers practical value as it provides managers with a clear guidance on how to design effective corporate sustainability communications, ensuring diverse appeal and/or engagement for collaboration. Thus it provides a tool that has the potential of facilitating holistic sustainability progress in a value chain.
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Rostig, Grace. "Ambiguity in the Song of Songs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ47791.pdf.
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Turpin, Anthony Joel. "An ambiguity of landscape and architecture." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21724.
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Tobelem-Foldvari, Sandrine. "Robust asset allocation under model ambiguity." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/262/.
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A decision maker, when facing a decision problem, often considers several models to represent the outcomes of the decision variable considered. More often than not, the decision maker does not trust fully any of those models and hence displays ambiguity or model uncertainty aversion. In this PhD thesis, focus is given to the specific case of asset allocation problem under ambiguity faced by financial investors. The aim is not to find an optimal solution for the investor, but rather come up with a general methodology that can be applied in particular to the asset allocation problem and allows the investor to find a tractable, easy to compute solution for this problem, taking into account ambiguity. This PhD thesis is structured as follows: First, some classical and widely used models to represent asset returns are presented. It is shown that the performance of the asset portfolios built using those single models is very volatile. No model performs better than the others consistently over the period considered, which gives empirical evidence that: no model can be fully trusted over the long run and that several models are needed to achieve the best asset allocation possible. Therefore, the classical portfolio theory must be adapted to take into account ambiguity or model uncertainty. Many authors have in an early stage attempted to include ambiguity aversion in the asset allocation problem. A review of the literature is studied to outline the main models proposed. However, those models often lack flexibility and tractability. The search for an optimal solution to the asset allocation problem when considering ambiguity aversion is often difficult to apply in practice on large dimension problems, as the ones faced by modern financial investors. This constitutes the motivation to put forward a novel methodology easily applicable, robust, flexible and tractable. The Ambiguity Robust Adjustment (ARA) methodology is theoretically presented and then tested on a large empirical data set. Several forms of the ARA are considered and tested. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the ARA methodology improves portfolio performances greatly. Through the specific illustration of the asset allocation problem in finance, this PhD thesis proposes a new general methodology that will hopefully help decision makers to solve numerous different problems under ambiguity.
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Hsiao, Edward. "Addressing Ambiguity In Object Instance Detection." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/309.
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In this thesis, we study the topic of ambiguity when detecting object instances in scenes with severe clutter and occlusions. Our work focuses on the three key areas: (1) objects that have ambiguous features, (2) objects where discriminative point-based features cannot be reliably extracted, and (3) occlusions.
Current approaches for object instance detection rely heavily on matching discriminative point-based features such as SIFT. While one-to-one correspondences between an image and an object can often be generated, these correspondences cannot be obtained when objects have ambiguous features due to similar and repeated patterns. We present the Discriminative Hierarchical Matching (DHM) method which preserves feature ambiguity at the matching stage until hypothesis testing by vector quantization. We demonstrate that combining our quantization framework with Simulated Affine featurescan significantly improve the performance of 3D point-based recognition systems
While discriminative point-based features work well for many objects, they cannot be stably extracted on smooth objects which have large uniform regions. To represent these feature-poor objects, we first present Gradient Networks, a framework for robust shape matching without extracting edges. Our approach incorporates connectivity directly on low-level gradients and significantly outperforms approaches which use only local information or coarse gradient statistics. Next, we present the Boundary and Region Template (BaRT) framework which incorporates an explicit boundary representation with the interior appearance of the object. We show that the lack of texture in the object interior is actually informative and that an explicit representation of the boundary performs better than a coarse representation.
While many approaches work well when objects are entirely visible, their performance decrease rapidly with occlusions. We introduce two methods for increasing the robustness of object detection in these challenging scenarios. First, we present a framework for capturing the occlusion structure under arbitrary object viewpoint by modeling the Occlusion Conditional Likelihood that a point on the object is visible given the visibility of all other points. Second, we propose a method to predict the occluding region and score a probabilistic matching pattern by searching for a set of valid occluders. We demonstrate significant increase in detection performance under severe occlusions.
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Yavorsky, William Christian. "Addiction : disturbing fixity and mobilising ambiguity." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271272.
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Tan, Runqing. "Impact of ambiguity on stock markets." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22867/.
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Quantitative studies have provided evidence showing that ambiguity can help to explain the equity premium puzzle and the excess volatility puzzle of the equity market. In addition, it also plays an important role in the 2008 financial crisis. However, empirical studies remain few. Anderson et al. (2009) develop an empirical measure based on the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF). The survey data are collected from part of the professionals in the US finance industry, which might result in biased findings. Viale et al. (2014) develop another empirical measure of ambiguity based on the reference model calculated using the smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) model and assumptions about the confidence level of investors. It may be improper to use the STAR model as the reference model because it is difficult to find out a forecasting model that is used by all investors. As such, the first empirical study in Chapter 3 focuses on high-frequency forecasting using linear AR models, exponential smoothing models and nonlinear AR models. The findings suggest that the best-performing forecasting model changes from one period to another and the STAR model cannot beat the AR model, suggesting that the calculation of the ambiguity measure of Viale et al. (2014) is improper. Therefore, the other two empirical studies in Chapters 4 and 5 develop two new empirical ambiguity measures with inspiration from theoretical works. The results support the theoretical proposition that ambiguity can explain the equity premium puzzle and the excess volatility puzzle. In addition, the degree of ambiguity of the equity market can be affected by investors' expectations on macroeconomic conditions and default risks. On the other hand, Chapter 5 shows that ambiguity plays an important role in the 2008 financial crisis. Last but not least, the thesis also provides an ambiguity indicator for regulators and financial market practitioners.
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Broll, Udo, Peter Welzel, and Kit Pong Wong. "The banking firm under ambiguity aversion." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-209770.
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We examine risk taking when the bank's preferences exhibit smooth ambiguity aversion. Ambiguity is modeled by a second-order probability distribution that captures the bank's uncertainty about which of the subjective beliefs govern the financial asset return risk. Ambiguity preferences are modeled by the (second-order) expectation of a concave transformation of the (first-order) expected utility of profit conditional on each plausible subjective distribution of the return risk. Within this framework, the banking firm finds it less attractive to take risk in the presence than in the absence of ambiguity. This result extends to the case of greater ambiguity aversion. Given that the competitive bank's smooth ambiguity preferences exhibit non-increasing absolute ambiguity aversion, imposing a more stringent capital requirement to the bank reduces the optimal amount of loans, if the bank's coefficient of relative risk aversion does not exceed unity. Ambiguity and ambiguity aversion as such have adverse effect on the bank's risk taking.
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Evans, Samuel A. "Technological ambiguity & the Wassenaar Arrangement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://eureka.sbs.ox.ac.uk/326/.
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International cooperation on export controls for technology is based on three assumptions, that it is possible: to know against whom controls should be directed; to control the international transfer of technology; and to define the items to be controlled. These assumptions paint a very hierarchical framing of one of the central problems in export controls: dual-use technology. This hierarchical framing has been in continual contention with a competitive framing that views the problem as the marketability of technology. This thesis analyses historical and contemporary debates between these two framings of the problem of dual-use technology, focusing on the multilateral Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies. Using a framework of concepts from Science & Technology Studies and the theory of sociocultural viability, I analyse the Arrangement as a classification system, where political, economic, and social debates are codified in the lists of controlled items, which then structure future debates. How a technology is (not) defined, I argue, depends as much on the particular set of social relations in which the technology is enacted as on any tangible aspects the technology may have. The hierarchical framing is currently hegemonic within Wassenaar, and I show how actors that express this framing use several strategies in resolving anomalies that arise concerning the classification of dual-use technology. These strategies have had mixed success, and I show how they have adequately resolved some cases (e.g. quantum cryptography), while other areas have proved much more difficult (e.g. focal plane arrays and computers). With the development of controls on intangible technology transfers, a third, egalitarian framing is arising, and I argue that initial steps have already been taken to incorporate this framing with the discourse on dual-use technology. However, the rise of this framing also calls into question the fundamental assumption of export controls that technology is excludable, and therefore definable.
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Law, Hoi Lun. "Reasonable doubt : ambiguity and film criticism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752726.
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Faria, Gonçalo Manuel Albuquerque Pereira Oliveira de. "Essays on Ambiguity about Stochastic Variance." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/44540.
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Bassole, Dibazin Eugene. "Diplomatic ambiguity in interpreter-mediated communication." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65534.
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When we observe the interpreters in their booths battling with ambiguity in order to find the accurate meaning of an ambiguous utterance, we inevitably come to the realization of the daunting impact of ambiguities on the latter. Ambiguity in general and diplomatic ambiguity in particular, is a thorn in interpreters’ sides. Then, the main question is “what strategies can the interpreter use to cope successfully with diplomatic ambiguity?” How do interpreters manage to find ways of resolving instances of ambiguity when interpreting in a diplomatic setting that requires immediate disambiguation. This mini-dissertation investigates the theme of diplomatic ambiguity in interpreter-mediated communication and comes up with responses to these concerns and queries.
It (this mini-dissertation) primarily focuses on interpreting as an act of communication insofar as interpreting is a professional verbal communication activity. It then looks specifically into ambiguity in diplomatic communication. Diplomatic communication is often riddled with ambiguity; in turn, ambiguity, affects and correlates to meaning. And here lies the problem with diplomatic ambiguity: diplomatic ambiguity prevents a proper understanding or reception of the intended meaning. It therefore poses problems to the interpreter. In view of the above, this mini-dissertation has a practical purpose: to provide the interpreter with a clear sense of problem-solving techniques for the resolution of ambiguity. In this respect, coping tactics and strategies will be proposed as a means of clarifying ambiguities, elucidating obscure passages.French Lorsque l’on assiste au spectacle d’interprètes s’échinant dans leurs cabines à trouver le vrai sens d’une expression ambiguë, l’on se rend bien vite compte des effets redoutables de l’ambiguïté sur ces derniers. La question de l’ambiguïté en général, celle de l’ambiguïté du discours diplomatique en particulier, constitue une écharde dans le flanc de tout interprète. Alors, la question majeure qui se pose est de savoir «à quelles stratégies les interprètes peuvent-ils recourir pour faire face avec succès à l’ambiguïté diplomatique?». Comment les interprètes arrivent-ils à remédier aux problèmes d’ambiguïté diplomatique surgissant au cours de l’interprétation et qui requièrent une désambiguïsation sur le champ ? Ce mémoire traite de la question de l’ambiguïté diplomatique en situation de communication médiée par un interprète et vient en réponse aux interrogations et préoccupations ci-dessus. Ce mémoire aborde en premier chef la question de l’interprétation conçue comme un acte communicationnel dans la mesure où elle se définit comme un exercice de communication orale fait par un professionnel. Ensuite, un accent particulier sera mis sur l’ambigüité dans la communication diplomatique qui en recèle souvent; à son tour, l’ambiguïté entrave l’appréhension du sens [des mots ou concepts] auquel elle étroitement liée. C’est ici donc que se situe toute la problématique de l’ambiguïté diplomatique: l’ambiguïté diplomatique obstrue aussi bien la bonne compréhension que la réception du message à transmettre. Dès lors surgissent des difficultés d’interprétation. Au regard de ce qui précède, ce mémoire se veut pragmatique: susciter au sein des interprètes le réflexe de la recherche de techniques de résolution des problèmes de l’ambiguïté. Pour ce faire, un éventail de tactiques et stratégies susceptibles d’aider à clarifier et élucider les instances d’ambiguïté sera mis à disposition.
Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
African Languages
MA
Unrestricted
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Lee, Min Suk. "Essays on signaling games under ambiguity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73596.
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This dissertation studies two-person signaling games where the players are assumed to be Choquet expected utility maximizers a la Schmeidler (1989). The sender sends an ambiguous message to the receiver who updates his non-additive belief according to a f-Bayesian updating rule of Gilboa and Schmeidler (1993). When the types are unambiguous in the sense of Nehring (1999), the receiver's conditional preferences after updating on an ambiguous message are always of the subjective expected utility form. This property may serious limit the descriptive power of solution concepts under non-additive beliefs, and it is scrutinized with two extreme f-Bayesian updating rules, the Dempster-Shafer and the Bayes' rule.
In chapter 3, the Dempster-Shafer equilibrium proposed by Eichberger and Kelsey (2004) is reappraised. Under the assumption of unambiguous types, it is shown that the Dempster-Shafer equilibrium may give rise to a separating behavior that is never supported by perfect Bayesian equilibrium. However, it does not support any additional pooling equilibrium outcome. Since the Dempster-Shafer equilibrium may support implausible behaviors as exemplified in Ryan (2002), a refinement based on coherent beliefs is suggested.
In chapter 4, a variant of perfect Bayesian equilibrium, the quasi perfect Bayesian equilibrium, is proposed, and its descriptive power is investigated. It is shown that the quasi perfect Bayesian equilibrium does not support any additional separating behavior compared to perfect Bayesian equilibrium. It may support additional pooling behavior only if the receiver perceives a correlation between the types and messages.Ph. D.
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Qu, Xiangyu. "Essays on Decision Making under Ambiguity." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338263880.
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Haynes, Jeffrey. "Anxiety's ambiguity : via Kierkegaard & Heidegger." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15955/.
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This dissertation produces a systematic account of anxiety, and does so by way of interpreting the account of anxiety given to us by Kierkegaard and Heidegger. The methodology of this dissertation is such that it interprets the anxiety in Kierkegaard through Heidegger’s lens, and also interprets the anxiety in Heidegger through Kierkegaard’s lens. By this method this dissertation harmonizes the accounts of anxiety in Kierkegaard and Heidegger, and in this way produces a systematic account of anxiety by way of these two authors. In particular, this dissertation argues that anxiety in both Kierkegaard and Heidegger has a particular structure: that it is ambiguous, which means that it is structurally constituted by an antipathy (a repulsion) and a sympathy (an attraction). In harmonizing Kierkegaard’s and Heidegger’s accounts of anxiety in this way, this dissertation produces a systematic account of ambiguous anxiety.