Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ambient atmosphere'
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Abouzreba, Salem Ali. "Volatile fatty acids in the ambient atmosphere." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388115.
Full textHennigan, Christopher James. "Properties of secondary organic aerosol in the ambient atmosphere sources, formation, and partitioning /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26598.
Full textCommittee Chair: Weber, Rodney; Committee Co-Chair: Bergin, Michael; Committee Member: Mulholland, James; Committee Member: Nenes, Athanasios; Committee Member: Russell, Armistead. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Johnson, Bryan Jay. "The carbon isotopic content and concentration of ambient formic and acetic acid." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185355.
Full textBrown, Christopher G. "Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for detection of organic residues impact of ambient atmosphere and laser parameters." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4860.
Full textID: 029809549; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 284-297).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Physics
Sciences
Sepúlveda, Filipa Maria da Cruz Filipe. "O efeito da musica ambiente no comportamento do consumidor : o caso dos restaurantes." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10292.
Full textO presente estudo visa investigar qual o impacto que a presença de música ambiente e respectivas variações do tempo da música, num ambiente de restaurante, tem junto do comportamento do consumidor, averiguando se é, ou não, uma ferramenta de marketing eficaz. Através de uma abordagem metódica e quantitativa, ir-se-á investigar se a presença de música ambiente e as suas respectivas variações no tempo afectam positivamente o tempo que os consumidores passam no interior do espaço e quais os seus diferentes tipos de gastos. Para isso, foi conduzida uma experiência, num restaurante situado na zona de Miraflores, onde durante 3 semanas se utilizou a técnica de observação para estudar os comportamentos dos consumidores nas 3 condições de estudo: sem música ambiente, com música ambiente de tempo lento e com música ambiente de tempo rápido. Embora os resultados obtidos não permitam validar muitos dos objectivos propostos na presente investigação, verificou-se que muitas das variáveis alvo de estudo, sofreram ligeiras melhorias aquando a presença de música ambiente e em alguns casos mais concretos, aquando da presença de música ambiente com tempo lento.
The following paper aims to explore which is the impact that the presence of environmental music and its respective variations in tempo over a restaurant environment has on consumer behavior, and to check whether or not, it can act as an effective marketing tool. Throughout an exhaustive fact based analysis, it will be investigated if the presence of environmental music, with its variations in tempo, affects positively the time spent inside the restaurant, and which are the impacts over the different spending categories. With that vision in mind, it was conducted an experiment, in a restaurant located on Miraflores, Lisbon area, where during three weeks, the observation method was used to study the consumer behavior on the 3 study conditions: without environmental music, with slow tempo environmental music and finally, with fast tempo environmental music. Although the results obtained did not allowed to validate much of the objectives proposed by the investigation, it was worth of note that plenty of the variables that were studied suffered slight improvements when subjected to environmental music, and in some cases with the use of slow tempo environmental music.
Mikael, Ali. "Evaluation des paramètres physiques des bâtiments : amortissement, fréquence et modes de comportement des structures de génie civil : approche expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597269.
Full textSanderson, Paul. "Measurement and identification of ambient atmospheric metallic nanoparticles." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6426/.
Full textZhang, Ke. "Ambient and plume processing of atmospheric ultrafine particles /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textThomas, Stephen Bradley. "Characterisation of ambient fine and ultrafine atmospheric aerosols." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.
Find full textNiania, Mathew. "In-situ analysis of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-d surface in ambient atmospheres." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44828.
Full textHurley, Roberta Ambrose. "Quantitative Analysis of Acrylon[I]Trile in Ambient Air." W&M ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625304.
Full textBabincová, Kristina. "Pasivace aktivní vrstvy perovskitových solárních článků s invertovanou strukturou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444540.
Full textYao, Huajian. "Ambient noise interferometry and surface-wave array tomography in southeastern Tibet." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53115.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
The primary goal of my doctoral research is to understand the crustal and upper mantle structure and deformation in southeastern Tibet. To improve the resolution in the crust, we developed a new approach for surface-wave array tomography by combining inter-station phase velocity dispersion measurements from empirical Green's functions (EGFs) recovered from ambient noise interferometry and from traditional teleseismic surface-wave two-station (TS) analysis. The non-stationarity (e.g., seasonal changes) and non-uniform distribution of ambient noise sources may obstruct full reconstruction of the surface-wave Green's functions, which may, in turn, degrade the accuracy of the tomographic models. Under the assumption of plane-wave propagation, we developed an iterative method to estimate ambient noise energy distribution, phase velocity bias primarily due to uneven noise energy distribution, and azimuthally anisotropic phase velocity maps. With phase velocity dispersion measurements at periods 10 - 150 s from 1 year data of 75 broad band stations in SE Tibet, we performed inversion for wavespeed variations and azimuthal anisotropy. The tomographic images revealed widespread crustal low-velocity zones (LVZs) at middle/lower crustal depth beneath SE Tibet. There is substantial lateral and vertical variability of these zones and some may be truncated by large faults.
(cont.) The pattern of azimuthal anisotropy in the upper crust is consistent with clockwise rotation around the eastern Himalaya syntaxis and a predominance of simple shear and strike-slip faulting in SE Tibet. Comparison of splitting from SKS observations and from our 3D anisotropic model suggests that the contribution to splitting from the crust is at least as important as from the upper mantle in the region west of Sichuan Basin and north of 26°N. However, beneath Yunnan, splitting signal originates mainly from the upper mantle. The radial changes in deformation pattern argue against vertically coherent lithospheric deformation in Tibet. Combined with the widespread crustal LVZs, this supports models of ductile crustal flow beneath SE Tibet. However, the spatial variation in strength and depth of crustal LVZs and in pattern of azimuthal anisotropy suggests that the 3-D geometry of crustal weak layers is complex and that unhindered crustal flow over large regions may not occur.
by Huajian Yao.
Ph.D.
Samy, Shahryar. "Chemical transformations of complex mixtures relevant to atmospheric processes laboratory and ambient studies /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3387822.
Full textHagler, Gayle S. W. "Measurement and analysis of ambient atmospheric particulate matter in urban and remote environments." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-05042007-171845/.
Full textWeber, Rodney, Committee Member ; Schauer, James, Committee Member ; Mulholland, James, Committee Member ; Bergin, Mike, Committee Chair ; Russell, Armistead, Committee Member.
BEURDOUCHE, PASCAL. "Lubrification limite de revetements de ceramiques projetes, en atmosphere ambiante et corrosive." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066740.
Full textErrajaa, Karim. "L’influence de l’odeur d’ambiance sur le consommateur : le rôle central de la congruence entre l’odeur et l’image de marque." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0076.
Full textThe objective of this research is to highlight the central role of the congruence between the odor and the brand image on the emotional, cognitive, behavioral reactions and the satisfaction of the consumer during the experience of visit of the store. In order to validate the research question, a quantitative and experimental study is conducted in-situ at two companies and in collaboration with two olfactory marketing consultants. In this context, a double experiment is developed with two samples of two brands, respectively specialized in the offer of multi-service spaces "coworking, relaxation, work ..." and the ready-to-wear. The results show that the perceived congruence between the odor and the brand image can for example positively influence the consumer's reactions, namely the expenditure, the perception of the global atmosphere of the store, the emotions. The results also highlight some mediating and moderating paths of the influence of olfactory congruence with the brand image on consumer reactions. On the other hand, the olfactory congruence with the brand image has no influence on certain reactions of the consumer such as, for example, the intention to purchase products, the perceived and actual visitation time. Significant results that are consistent with the initial hypotheses reinforce the interest for practitioners to invest in creating the typical smells of their branding for marketing purposes
Peltier, Richard Edward. "Ambient Submicron Particles In North America: Their Sources, Fate, and Impact." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19750.
Full textCommittee Chair: Weber, Rodney J.; Committee Member: Bergin, Michael H.; Committee Member: Huey, L Gregory; Committee Member: Ingall, Ellery D.; Committee Member: Nenes, Athanasios.
Huang, Hui Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Ambient noise tomography for wavespeed and anisotropy in the crust of southwestern China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87518.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The primary objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the crustal structure and deformation in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions using surface wave tomography. Green's functions for Rayleigh and Love waves are extracted from ambient noise interferometry. Using the Green's functions, we first conduct traditional traveltime tomography for the two shear wavespeeds Vsv and Vsh Their differences are measured as radial anisotropy. We then conduct Eikonal tomography to study azimuthal anisotropy in the crust. Our tomography results are well consistent with geology in the study region. In the Sichuan Basin, low wavespeed and positive radial anisotropy (Vsh> Vsv) in the upper crust reflect thick sedimentary layers at surface; high wavespeed and small radial anisotropy in the middle and lower crust reflect a cold and rigid basin root. Little azimuthal anisotropy is observed in the Basin, indicating small internal deformation. In the Tibetan Plateau, we observe widespread low wavespeed zones with positive anisotropy in the middle and lower crust, which may reflect combined effects of weakened rock mechanism and horizontal flow in the deep crust of southeastern Tibet. The northern part of the Central Yunnan block, which geographically coincides with the inner zone of the Emeishan flood basalt, reveals relatively higher wavespeeds than the surrounding regions and little radial anisotropy throughout the entire crust. We speculate that the high wavespeeds and small radial anisotropy are due to combined effects of the remnants of intruded material from mantle with sub-vertical structures and channel flow with sub-horizontal structures. In general, the azimuthal anisotropy in our study region is consistent with a clockwise rotation around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. Careful examination reveals large angular differences between the azimuthal anisotropy in the upper and lower crust, suggesting different deformation patterns at the surface and in depth. Therefore, our tomography results support models with ductile flow in the deep crust of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau; however, the large lateral variation of both wavespeeds and anisotropy indicates that the flow also varies greatly in intensity and pattern in different geological units.
by Hui Huang.
Ph. D.
Robache, Antoine Guillermo René. "Caractérisation des aérosols dans l'air ambiant application à la recherche de sources /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2000-320-321.pdf.
Full textCzuba, Eva. "Development of a technique to study stable carbon isotope composition of NMHCs in ambient air." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ56169.pdf.
Full textHarris, Glenn A. "Fundamentals of ambient metastable-induced chemical ionization mass spectrometry and atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41147.
Full textSoriano, Joey Kim Tumbali. "Novel plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization source." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13133185/?lang=0, 2020. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13133185/?lang=0.
Full textAmbient plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization source enables direct analysis of samples under ambient conditions that traditional atmospheric pressure ionization is incapable. It overcomes the tedious preprocessing and often detrimental and complicated sample introduction to the mass spectrometer for analysis. Existing plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization sources feature an electrical discharge typically formed between two electrodes by applying either a direct-current (DC) voltage or an alternating-current (AC) voltage with frequencies ranging from kilohertz to several megahertz. In this study, a novel plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization consists of a wire stabilized atmospheric pressure plasma produced by inductive coupling operated at very low power density supplied by a 13.56 MHz RF source. The ignition characteristics, stability and plasma properties of the wire stabilized atmospheric pressure plasma were studied.
博士(工学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
同志社大学
Doshisha University
Araujo, Gabriel Guarany de. "Resposta biológica de Pseudomonas syringae ao ambiente atmosférico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-25092018-154659/.
Full textPseudomonas syringae produces biological ice nuclei of great efficiency. Bioaerosols of these cells have the potential to take part in cloud glaciation, possibly influencing the precipitation. It was studied how the conditions to which P. syringae is subjected while in suspension in the atmosphere affect its survival and its ice nucleation activity. Two strains were tested, and both showed a low tolerance to UV-C and UV-B, but exhibited a higher resistance when exposed to a spectrum similar to the one found in the environment. The freezing activity of one of the strains (pv. syringae) was not affected by the UV, while that for the other (pv. garcae) there was a moderate reduction. In response to desiccation, pv. garcae was substantially more resistant than pv. syringae. This also affected the ice nucleation by the strains. In additional assays, these bacteria were exposed in a stratospheric balloon flight, and to a laboratory simulation of the conditions at the top of the troposphere. After these two experiments, survivors protected from the UV were recovered.
Mishra, Nitika. "Characterisation, toxicity and source apportionment of atmospheric organic pollutants in urban schools." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90055/12/90055%28thesis%29.pdf.
Full textSit, Hoi Leung. "Applications of thermal desorption GCMS analysis of nonpolar organic compounds in source and ambient aerosols /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CHEM%202008%20SIT.
Full textAhmed, Sauda. "Modeling of Ultrafine Particle Emissions and Ambient Levels for the Near Roadside Environment." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3506.
Full textRizzatti, Cláudia Bach. "O AMBIENTE ORGANIZACIONAL: SATISFAÇÃO E COMPETITIVIDADE - UMA ÓTICA DA ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8296.
Full textAo entrar em contato com um ambiente organizacional, diversos fatores influenciam a percepção e leitura deste local. Fatores esses que podem ser considerados como pistas e será através delas que a satisfação do consumidor ocorrerá. Entretanto, poucos estudos têm sido realizados para avaliar a relação da atmosfera organizacional com a satisfação do consumidor sob o aspecto da competitividade. Sob esse viés, escolheu-se uma empresa de varejo localizada na cidade de Santa Maria para que se faça possível uma análise deste assunto. O objetivo geral deste estudo é verificar a contribuição do ambiente juntamente com a atmosfera organizacional para a satisfação do consumidor sob o aspecto da competitividade. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e quantitativa. Para a fase qualitativa, observaram-se os dez ambientes das lojas conforme o modelo teórico de Baker (1987). Para a fase quantitativa, calculou-se a amostra da pesquisa, levando em consideração a média da demanda anual da organização. A amostra mínima encontrada foi de 367 respondentes. A partir da extensa análise dos resultados, pode-se confirmar que há de fato uma contribuição direta do ambiente com a satisfação do consumidor além de que, se fez possível avaliar que o ambiente poderá ser um fator decisivo na hora da tomada de decisão por parte do cliente, o que torna o mesmo um contribuinte para um diferencial competitivo perante uma organização e seus concorrentes.
Fahrni, Jason K. "Assessment of the Severity, Sources, and Meteorological Transport of Ambient and Wet Deposited Mercury in the Ohio River Valley Airshed." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1125427320.
Full textRodrigues, Sandrina Azevedo. "Lichen biodiversity and biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8562.
Full textEsta tese debruça-se sobre a biodiversidade de líquenes epífitos de pinhais dunares portugueses e sobre uso de líquenes como biomonitores de poluição atmosférica nesse habitat. A Mata Nacional das Dunas de Quiaios (Figueira da Foz) foi o ponto de partida dos estudos de biodiversidade efetuados nesta tese, mas alguns deles estenderam-se à maior parte da costa portuguesa. Como resultado, encontrou-se uma espécie nova para a ciência, Lecanora sorediomarginata Rodrigues, Terrón & Elix, epifítica sobre Pinus pinaster Aiton e P. pinea L, que se encontra distribuída na maior parte da costa. Esta espécie caracteriza-se morfologicamente por um talo crustáceo, de cor esbranquiçada a acinzentada ou esverdeada e que desenvolve sorálios a partir de pequenas verrugas marginais. Quimicamente caracteriza-se pela presença dos ácidos 3,5-dicloro-2'-O-metilnorestenospórico [maior], 3,5-dicloro-2-O-metilanziaico [menor], 3,5-dicloro-2-O-metilnordivaricático [menor], 5-cloro-2'-Ometilanziaico [traço] e úsnico [traço]; atranorina [menor] e cloroatranorina [menor]. É quimicamente semelhante a L. lividocinerea Bagl., com a qual apresenta afinidades filogenéticas com base na análise da sequência ITS do rDNA, e a L. sulphurella Hepp. Adicionalmente, espécies Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg e Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb, também se encontraram epifíticas sobre P. pinaster e P. pinea em vários pinhais ao longo da costa, representando novos registos para a flora liquénica portuguesa, bem como a espécie Lepraria elobata Tønsberg encontrada epifítica sobre P. pinaster apenas nas Dunas de Quiaios. Além disso, as espécies Hypotrachyna lividescens (Kurok.) Hale e H. pseudosinuosa (Asahina) Hale encontraram-se epifíticas sobre P. pinaster e outros forófitos nas Dunas de Quiaios, constituindo novos registos para a flora liquénica da Península Ibérica. Estes resultados põe em evidência a importância dos pinhais dunares como habitat para líquenes epífitos. Num estudo conduzido entre janeiro e julho de 2008 num pinhal dunar (Mata do Urso, Figueira da Foz), em cuja bordadura existe uma fábrica de celulose de papel, usaram-se transplantes de líquenes da espécie Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale para avaliar a acumulação de trinta e três elementos putativamente emitidos por fábricas de papel e pasta de papel. A cinética da fluorescência da clorofila a foi estudada nos líquenes transplantados, através da análise dos parâmetros Fv/Fm, F0, Fm, qP, NPQ, PSII, e Exc, de forma a avaliar os efeitos decorrentes da acumulação de elementos na vitalidade dos líquenes. Pretendeu-se avaliar se a acumulação de elementos e a cinética da fluorescência da clorofila a variavam significativamente com o local e o tempo de exposição, tendo em consideração os resultados obtidos de transplantes colocados num local de referência (Dunas de Quiaios) durante o mesmo período de tempo. (Continua no verso) resumo A maior parte dos elementos — Al, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, Sb, Sc, Sr, Ti e V — ocorreu em concentrações significativamente mais elevadas nos transplantes expostos a 500 m da fábrica. Cerca de metade dos elementos estudados — B, Ba, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb e V — encontraram-se em concentrações significativamente mais elevadas nos transplantes expostos durante 180 dias. O solo foi identificado como uma fonte parcial da maior parte dos elementos. Os parâmetros Fv/Fm, Fm, PSII e Exc variaram significativamente com o local e/ou com o tempo de exposição. Observou-se um decréscimo significativo nos parâmetros Fv/Fm e Fm nos transplantes expostos a 500 e 1000 da fábrica, e também naqueles expostos durante 135 e 180 dias. Observou-se também um decréscimo significativo nos parâmetros PSII e Exc expostos durante 180 dias. Estes parâmetros correlacionaram-se de forma negativa e significativa com a acumulação de elementos: Fv/Fm: B, Ba, Co, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, Sb e Zn; Fm: Ba, Co, Hg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, Sb e Zn; PSII: N e P; Exc: Mn, N, P e S. Estudos acerca da diversidade liquénica efetuados nos mesmos locais onde os transplantes foram colocados no local impactado, revelaram um menor valor de diversidade liquénica a 500 m da fábrica, que foi também o único local onde se encontraram espécies nitrófilas, o que se poderá dever à deposição de amónia e/ou poeiras. À semelhança de outros estudos, este trabalho confirma que os líquenes podem ser usados com sucesso em estudos de biomonitorização, mesmo em locais florestados. Além disso, traz também informações adicionais sobre como a acumulação de elementos pode influenciar a cinética da fluorescência da clorofila a em líquenes.
This thesis focuses on the biodiversity of epiphytic lichens of Portuguese pine forests on sand dunes, and on the use of lichens as biomonitors of atmospheric pollution in this habitat. Mata Nacional das Dunas de Quiaios (Figueira da Foz) was the starting location of the biodiversity studies undertaken during this thesis, but some were extended to most of the Portuguese coast. As a result a new species to science, Lecanora sorediomarginata Rodrigues, Terrón & Elix was discovered epiphytic on Pinus pinaster Aiton and P. pinea L, in most of the coast. It is characterised morphologically by a crustose whitish-grey to greenish thallus developing soralia from small, marginal warts and chemically by the presence of 3,5-dichloro-2'-O-methylnorstenosporic acid [major], 3,5-dichloro- 2-O-methylanziaic acid [minor], 3,5-dichloro-2-O-methylnordivaricatic acid [minor], 5-chloro-2'-O-methylanziaic acid [trace], atranorin [minor], chloroatranorin [minor], and usnic acid [trace]. It is chemically similar to L. lividocinerea Bagl., to which it shows phylogenetic affinities based on ITS rDNA sequence analysis, and to L. sulphurella Hepp. Additionally, Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg and Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb, were also found epiphytic on P. pinaster and P. pinea in several pine forests along the coast, representing new records for Portuguese lichen flora, as well as that of Lepraria elobata, which was found epiphytic on P. pinaster only at Dunas de Quiaios. Furthermore, Hypotrachyna lividescens (Kurok.) Hale e H. pseudosinuosa (Asahina) Hale were found epiphytic on P. pinaster and other phorophytes at Dunas de Quiaios, and were new records for the lichen flora of the Iberian Peninsula. These results indicate the importance of pine forests on sand dunes has habitats for epiphytic lichens. In a study conducted in a pine forest on sand dunes (Mata do Urso, Figueira da Foz), impacted by a pulp mill at its border, between January and July 2008, lichen transplants of the species Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale were used to evaluate the accumulation of thirty-three elements putatively emitted by paper and pulp mill industry. Chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics studies were performed in the transplanted lichens, through the analysis of the parameters Fv/Fm, F0, Fm, qP, NPQ, PSII, and Exc in order to evaluate the effect of elemental accumulation on lichen vitality. It was intended to evaluate if elemental accumulation and chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics varied significantly with site and period of exposure, taking into account the results from transplants performed in a reference location (Dunas de Quiaios) during the same period of time. Most elements — Al, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, Sb, Sc, Sr, Ti and V — were found in significantly higher concentrations in the transplants exposed at 500 m of distance from the point source. Nearly half of the elements — B, Ba, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb, and V — were also found in significantly higher concentrations in the transplants exposed during 180 days. (Continues on the verse) abstract Soil was identified as a partial source for most elements. The chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics parameters Fv/Fm, Fm, PSII, and Exc varied significantly with site and/or period of exposure. Fv/Fm and Fm were significantly decreased in the transplants exposed at 500 and 1000 m from the pulp mill and in those exposed during 135 and 180 days. Both, PSII and Exc decreased significantly after 180 days of exposure. Significant negative correlations were identified between these parameters and the accumulation of elements: Fv/Fm: B, Ba, Co, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, Sb, and Zn; Fm: Ba, Co, Hg, Mn, Mo, N, P, S, Sb, and Zn; PSII: N and P; Exc: Mn, N, P, and S. Lichen diversity studies performed in the same locations where lichen transplants were placed at the impacted location revealed a lower lichen diversity value at the 500 m, which was also the only site were nitrophylous species were found, what could be due to the deposition of ammonia and/or dust. Similarly to other studies, this work confirms that lichens can be successfully used in biomonitoring studies, even in forested locations. Furthermore, it provides additional information on how chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics of lichens can be influenced by elemental accumulation.
DUPUIS, HELENE. "Etude des parametres geophysiques de l'interface ocean-atmosphere a l'aide de mesures de bruit ambiant sous-marin a partir d'un hydrophone." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077239.
Full textFontenele, Maria Alves. "ConservaÃÃo pÃs-colheita do bacuri sob condiÃÃes ambiente e refrigeraÃÃo associada à atmosfera modificada." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1509.
Full textEste trabalho teve por objetivos verificar atravÃs da caracterizaÃÃo de frutos do bacurizeiro da RegiÃo do Meio Norte, quais as melhores condiÃÃes de atmosfera, de tempos e temperaturas de armazenamento, para prolongar a vida pÃs - colheita do bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) para comercializaÃÃo in natura. Os frutos colhidos na planta, armazenados sob atmosfera modificada apresentaram Ãtima aparÃncia externa e interna atà o final do experimento (25 dias), enquanto que os armazenados sob atmosfera ambiente tiveram sua aparÃncia externa comprometida apÃs o sexto dia, entretanto sua aparÃncia interna foi satisfatÃria atà o final do experimento. A perda de massa foi maior nos frutos sem filme, com perdas de atà 47% aos 25 dias de armazenamento, contra 8% nos frutos com filme. A qualidade fÃsico-quimica da polpa foi pouco afetada durante o armazenamento com destaque para os sÃlidos solÃveis totais que apresentaram menor percentual nos frutos com filme. Os frutos colhidos na planta, armazenados a 7 ÂC em atmosfera modificada tiveram sua aparÃncia externa comprometida apÃs 20 dias, por injÃrias pelo frio, enquanto que nas temperaturas de 9 e 11 ÂC a vida Ãtil foi de 36 dias. A coloraÃÃo das frutas evoluiu de verde claro para amarelo apenas nas temperaturas de 9 e 11 ÂC, sendo que a 11 ÂC a coloraÃÃo atingiu uma maior intensidade. A qualidade da polpa praticamente nÃo foi afetada pelas temperaturas de armazenamento. Os frutos apanhados apÃs caÃrem da planta, armazenados a temperatura ambiente e atmosfera modificada tiveram sua aparÃncia externa comprometida no dÃcimo nono dia de armazenamento e a interna apÃs 21 dias. Jà para os frutos armazenados sob refrigeraÃÃo e atmosfera modificada, a aparÃncia externa foi comprometida aos 28 dias de armazenamento, apesar de apresentar aparÃncia interna satisfatÃria atà o trigÃsimo quinto dia. A perda de massa foi de 7,74% e 2,17%, nos frutos armazenados a 25 ÂC e 12 ÂC, respectivamente. Os frutos armazenamento a temperatura ambiente tiveram rendimento em torno de 16%, enquanto, que os frutos armazenados sob refrigeraÃÃo o rendimento foi de 15%. Os valores dos SST decresceram durante o armazenamento nas duas temperaturas avaliadas. ApÃs 35 dias de armazenamento a 25 ÂC os frutos apresentaram em mÃdia 12,12 ÂBrix, enquanto que a 12 ÂC apÃs 42 dias de armazenamento apresentaram um valor de 11,28 ÂBrix. Os valores de pH apresentaram pouca variaÃÃo atravÃs do tempo nas duas condiÃÃes de armazenamento e a AT obteve maior variaÃÃo no armazenamento a 25 ÂC. A relaÃÃo SST/AT apresentou variaÃÃes considerÃveis entre o inicio e o final nos dois tipos de armazenamento, sendo mais intenso no armazenamento a temperatura ambiente. Os frutos apresentaram baixos teores de compostos fenÃlicos em todas as fraÃÃes caracterizando a polpa de bacuri como pouco adstringente, demonstrando potencial para consumo in natura, alÃm de pouco teor de vitamina C, nas duas condiÃÃes de armazenamento.
This work had for objectives to verify through the characterization of fruits of the bacuri tree of the Area of the North Middle, which the best atmosphere conditions, of times and storage temperatures, to prolong the life post-harvest of the bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) for commercialization in natura. The fruits picked in the plant, stored under modified atmosphere they presented great appearance it expresses and it interns until the end of the experiment (25 days), while stored them under atmosphere it adapts they had your appearance it expresses committed after the sixth day, however your internal appearance was satisfactory until the end of experiment. A mass loss it was larger in the fruits without film, with losses of up to 47% to the 25 days of storage, against 8% in the fruits with film. The physical-chemical quality of the pulp was little affected during the storage with prominence for the total soluble solids that presented smaller percentile in the fruits with film. The fruits picked in the plant, stored 7 ÂC in modified atmosphere they had your appearance it expresses committed after 20 days, for offenses for the cold, while in the temperatures of 9 and 11 ÂC useful life was of 36 days. The coloration of the fruits just developed of clear green for yellow in the temperatures of 9 and 11 ÂC, and to 11 ÂC the coloration reached a larger intensity. The quality of the pulp practically was not affected by the storage temperatures. The fruits been hit after you/they fall of the plant, stored the temperature it adapts and modified atmosphere had your appearance it expresses committed in the nineteenth day of storage and the intern after 21 days, already for the fruits stored under refrigeration and modified atmosphere, the appearance expresses it was committed to the 28 days of storage, in spite of presenting satisfactory internal appearance until the thirtieth fifth day. The mass loss was of 7.74% and 2.17%, in the fruits stored 25 ÂC and 12 ÂC, respectively. The fruits storage the temperature adapts they had revenue around 16%, while, that the fruits stored under refrigeration the revenue it was of 15%. The values of SST decreased during the storage in the two appraised temperatures. After 35 days of storage to 25 ÂC the fruits presented 12.12 ÂBrix on average, while to 12 ÂC after 42 days of storage presented a value of 11.28 ÂBrix. The values of the pH presented little variation through the time in the two storage conditions and the AT obtained larger variation in the storage to 25 ÂC. The relationship SST/AT presented considerable variations among I begin him/it and the end in the two storage types, being more intense in the storage the temperature adapts. The fruits presented low tenors of phenolic compounds in all the fractions characterizing the bacuri pulp as little astringent, demonstrating potential so much for consumption in natura, besides little vitamin tenor C, in the two storage conditions.
Fontenele, Maria Alves. "Conservação pós-colheita do bacuri sob condições ambiente e refrigeração associada à atmosfera modificada." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17777.
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This work had for objectives to verify through the characterization of fruits of the bacuri tree of the Area of the North Middle, which the best atmosphere conditions, of times and storage temperatures, to prolong the life post-harvest of the bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) for commercialization in natura. The fruits picked in the plant, stored under modified atmosphere they presented great appearance it expresses and it interns until the end of the experiment (25 days), while stored them under atmosphere it adapts they had your appearance it expresses committed after the sixth day, however your internal appearance was satisfactory until the end of experiment. A mass loss it was larger in the fruits without film, with losses of up to 47% to the 25 days of storage, against 8% in the fruits with film. The physical-chemical quality of the pulp was little affected during the storage with prominence for the total soluble solids that presented smaller percentile in the fruits with film. The fruits picked in the plant, stored 7 ºC in modified atmosphere they had your appearance it expresses committed after 20 days, for offenses for the cold, while in the temperatures of 9 and 11 ºC useful life was of 36 days. The coloration of the fruits just developed of clear green for yellow in the temperatures of 9 and 11 ºC, and to 11 ºC the coloration reached a larger intensity. The quality of the pulp practically was not affected by the storage temperatures. The fruits been hit after you/they fall of the plant, stored the temperature it adapts and modified atmosphere had your appearance it expresses committed in the nineteenth day of storage and the intern after 21 days, already for the fruits stored under refrigeration and modified atmosphere, the appearance expresses it was committed to the 28 days of storage, in spite of presenting satisfactory internal appearance until the thirtieth fifth day. The mass loss was of 7.74% and 2.17%, in the fruits stored 25 ºC and 12 ºC, respectively. The fruits storage the temperature adapts they had revenue around 16%, while, that the fruits stored under refrigeration the revenue it was of 15%. The values of SST decreased during the storage in the two appraised temperatures. After 35 days of storage to 25 ºC the fruits presented 12.12 ºBrix on average, while to 12 ºC after 42 days of storage presented a value of 11.28 ºBrix. The values of the pH presented little variation through the time in the two storage conditions and the AT obtained larger variation in the storage to 25 ºC. The relationship SST/AT presented considerable variations among I begin him/it and the end in the two storage types, being more intense in the storage the temperature adapts. The fruits presented low tenors of phenolic compounds in all the fractions characterizing the bacuri pulp as little astringent, demonstrating potential so much for consumption in natura, besides little vitamin tenor C, in the two storage conditions.
Este trabalho teve por objetivos verificar através da caracterização de frutos do bacurizeiro da Região do Meio Norte, quais as melhores condições de atmosfera, de tempos e temperaturas de armazenamento, para prolongar a vida pós - colheita do bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) para comercialização in natura. Os frutos colhidos na planta, armazenados sob atmosfera modificada apresentaram ótima aparência externa e interna até o final do experimento (25 dias), enquanto que os armazenados sob atmosfera ambiente tiveram sua aparência externa comprometida após o sexto dia, entretanto sua aparência interna foi satisfatória até o final do experimento. A perda de massa foi maior nos frutos sem filme, com perdas de até 47% aos 25 dias de armazenamento, contra 8% nos frutos com filme. A qualidade físico-quimica da polpa foi pouco afetada durante o armazenamento com destaque para os sólidos solúveis totais que apresentaram menor percentual nos frutos com filme. Os frutos colhidos na planta, armazenados a 7 ºC em atmosfera modificada tiveram sua aparência externa comprometida após 20 dias, por injúrias pelo frio, enquanto que nas temperaturas de 9 e 11 ºC a vida útil foi de 36 dias. A coloração das frutas evoluiu de verde claro para amarelo apenas nas temperaturas de 9 e 11 ºC, sendo que a 11 ºC a coloração atingiu uma maior intensidade. A qualidade da polpa praticamente não foi afetada pelas temperaturas de armazenamento. Os frutos apanhados após caírem da planta, armazenados a temperatura ambiente e atmosfera modificada tiveram sua aparência externa comprometida no décimo nono dia de armazenamento e a interna após 21 dias. Já para os frutos armazenados sob refrigeração e atmosfera modificada, a aparência externa foi comprometida aos 28 dias de armazenamento, apesar de apresentar aparência interna satisfatória até o trigésimo quinto dia. A perda de massa foi de 7,74% e 2,17%, nos frutos armazenados a 25 ºC e 12 ºC, respectivamente. Os frutos armazenamento a temperatura ambiente tiveram rendimento em torno de 16%, enquanto, que os frutos armazenados sob refrigeração o rendimento foi de 15%. Os valores dos SST decresceram durante o armazenamento nas duas temperaturas avaliadas. Após 35 dias de armazenamento a 25 ºC os frutos apresentaram em média 12,12 ºBrix, enquanto que a 12 ºC após 42 dias de armazenamento apresentaram um valor de 11,28 ºBrix. Os valores de pH apresentaram pouca variação através do tempo nas duas condições de armazenamento e a AT obteve maior variação no armazenamento a 25 ºC. A relação SST/AT apresentou variações consideráveis entre o inicio e o final nos dois tipos de armazenamento, sendo mais intenso no armazenamento a temperatura ambiente. Os frutos apresentaram baixos teores de compostos fenólicos em todas as frações caracterizando a polpa de bacuri como pouco adstringente, demonstrando potencial para consumo in natura, além de pouco teor de vitamina C, nas duas condições de armazenamento.
Rizzo, Luciana Varanda. "Modelamento dos processos de conversão gás-partícula e de formação de núcleos de condensação de nuvens na Amazônia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-15042014-121728/.
Full textThe Amazon Forest is a very complex ecosystem, which integrates its vegetation, its hydrological system, and the atmosphere. The Amazonian vegetation, with its natural metabolism, emits a large amount of biogenic particles and trace gases to the atmosphere. The region is passing through deep changes with respect to land use and land cover. The conversion of forest to pasture or agricultural land alters the ecosystem natural behavior. Using a zero dimensional box model named MAPS (Model for Aerosol Processes Studies),the dynamical processes of gas-to-particle conversion and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation have been simulated for Amazonia. The parameters that constraint the model were based on data collected during the Large Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazon (LBA). This work shows that gas-to-particle conversion processes affects the physical and chemical properties of natural aerosol population. Oxidation of monoterpenes, volatile organic compounds emitted by vegetation, causes a fine mode secondary organic aerosol production. The conversion of forest to pasture land reduces monoterpene emissions, diminishing the production of new organic particles as consequence. In 24 hours of simulation, the model predicts a secondary organic aerosol concentration of 2.0 g/m³ for forest, and 0.69 g/m³ for pasture environment. The production of secondary organic aerosol, due to gas-to-particle conversion, influences CCN population and cloud processes formation. From a natural aerosol population composed mainly by organic compounds, the model predicts that 90% of the particles activates at 0.5% of ambient supersaturation, showing the important role of organic aerosol on CCN formation in Amazon. Dry and wet season particulate matter in Amazonia shows very distinct characteristics of size and chemical species distribution. From a typical burning season aerosol, the model predicted a concentration of 250 CCN/cm³ at a supersaturation of 0.15%. With similar humidity conditions, a concentration of 100 CCN/cm³ was calculated from natural wet season aerosol. The increased number of CCN during the dry season affects cloud formation, and can reduce the growth rate of droplets, enlarge cloud lifetime, and consequently diminish cloud precipitation rates.
Brüggemann, Martin [Verfasser]. "Development, characterization, and application of flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow ionization for mass spectrometric analysis of ambient organic aerosols / Martin Brüggemann." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079036709/34.
Full textJorge, Danilo Custódio. "Particulate carbon in the atmosphere: distribution aging and wet deposition." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16829.
Full textDuring the last decades a significant number of studies was performed about the cycling of carbonaceous matter in the atmosphere. Despite the efforts of the scientific community, a full understanding about the composition and formation of carbonaceous aerosol in ambient air was not yet achieved, reflecting the great variety of emitting sources and the complexity of transformation processes in the atmosphere. In addition, very little is known about a specific type of carbonaceous aerosol: the indoor carbonaceous aerosol. Removal of particulate carbonaceous matter from the atmosphere is another component of the carbon cycle that has received poor attention from researchers. The main aim of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the sources, transformation processes and removal of atmospheric carbonaceous matter. Particulate matter, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were measured simultaneously in the indoor and outdoor air of residences located in urban and sub-urban areas of northwestern Mainland Portugal. Average indoor to outdoor ratios (I/O) for OC were higher than 1 in occupied residences, showing that indoor sources, such as cooking, smoking, biomass burning and movement of people, strongly influenced indoor OC concentrations. In contrast, I/O ratios for EC were close to 1, except for a smokers’ residence, suggesting that indoor concentrations were mainly controlled by outdoor sources, most likely from vehicular emissions and biomass burning. Aerosol composition was also evaluated during one year in a kerbside site located in a busy road of Oporto. Road traffic, local dust and biomass burning were found to be the most important sources of aerosol particles. Most of the aerosol constituents exhibited well-defined temporal variations, which were related with the seasonal variability of source strengths, atmospheric processes and climatic conditions. In addition, precipitation samples were collected and characterized for chemical constituents at a background site in the Azores Islands and an urban site in the city of Oporto. Transport from continental areas bordering the North Atlantic Ocean were the main source of EC in the Azores. Both local emissions and long-range transport explained the levels of water soluble organic carbon found in the same samples. Concentrations of carbonaceous matter in Oporto were considerably higher than those measured before in other background areas in Portugal, indicating a significant atmospheric contamination by anthropogenic activities.
Nas últimas décadas foram desenvolvidos vários estudos sobre a circulação atmosférica da matéria carbonácea. Contudo, apesar dos esforços da comunidade científica, não se conseguiu ainda compreender detalhadamente a composição e a formação do aerossol carbonáceo no ar ambiente, o que reflete a grande variedade de fontes emissoras e a complexidade dos processos de transformação que ocorrem na atmosfera. Acresce ainda que se sabe muito pouco sobre um caso particular do aerossol de carbono: as partículas carbonáceas em suspensão no ar interior. Outra componente do ciclo do carbono que tem merecido pouca atenção da comunidade científica é a remoção das partículas carbonáceas da atmosfera. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal contribuir para um melhor conhecimento sobre as fontes, processos de transformação e remoção da matéria carbonácea presente na atmosfera. As concentrações de matéria particulada, carbono orgânico (CO) e carbono elementar (CE) foram medidas simultaneamente no ar interior e exterior de residências localizadas em áreas urbanas e sub-urbanas da região nordeste de Portugal Continental. Os valores médios da razão entre as concentrações no ar interior e exterior (I/E) para o CO foram superiores a 1 para as residências com ocupantes, mostrando que as fontes interiores, como a confeção de alimentos, a queima de biomassa e o movimento de pessoas, influenciaram fortemente os teores de CO. Pelo contrário, obtiveram-se valores médios próximos de 1 para a razão I/E do CE, excluindo uma residência de fumadores, sugerindo que as concentrações deste componente eram controladas por fontes externas, muito provavelmente o tráfego automóvel e a queima de biomassa. A composição do aerossol foi também avaliada durante um ano num local confinante com uma estrada de tráfego intenso na cidade do Porto. Verificou-se que as principais fontes emissoras de partículas eram o tráfego automóvel, as poeiras do solo e a queima de biomassa. Muitos dos constituintes do aerossol mostraram variações temporais bem marcadas, as quais foram relacionadas com a variabilidade sazonal das fontes emissoras, dos processos atmosféricos e das condições climáticas. Procedeu-se ainda à recolha de amostras de precipitação e posterior caracterização química num local de fundo do arquipélago dos Açores e num local urbano da cidade do Porto. A principal fonte do CE nos Açores é o transporte a longas distâncias a partir das áreas continentais que envolvem o Atlântico Norte. Os teores de carbono orgânico insolúvel tiveram origem tanto em emissões locais como no transporte a longas distâncias. As concentrações de matéria carbonácea no Porto mostraram-se substancialmente superiores às que tinham sido medidas em áreas remotas de Portugal, indicando uma contaminação significativa por atividades antropogénicas.
Diert-Boté, Irati. "An exploration of English language learners’ emotions and beliefs in a Catalan context: Insights from self-reported experiences and observed classroom practices." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671527.
Full textA raíz del 'giro emocional' (Pavlenko, 2013) en el campo de Adquisición de Segundas Lenguas – y, en particular, gracias a la llegada de la Psicología Positiva, se ha dedicado más atención al papel que desempeñan las emociones y procesos relacionados como las (auto)creencias en el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas/lenguas extranjeras. El objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es explorar las creencias y emociones que los estudiantes de inglés manifiestan y construyen en relación con (i) la metodología de enseñanza y el tipo de tareas (especialmente las tareas orales); y (ii) el papel de las relaciones entre profesor y alumno. Se ha adoptado un enfoque cualitativo en cuatro estudios independientes pero entrelazados en los cuales se han analizado tanto datos observacionales (grabaciones de audio/vídeo en el aula) como no observacionales (entrevistas, grupos de discusión e ítems de respuesta abierta). Los resultados indican que muchos estudiantes han construido autoconceptos inseguros con (auto)creencias disfuncionales y experiencias emocionales negativas interrelacionadas, especialmente con respecto a las tareas de habla, en gran parte debido a una tradición de enfoques gramaticales y escasa producción oral. El análisis muestra que es posible cambiar hacia una mentalidad más positiva, pero el proceso de adaptación implica períodos difíciles de transición para aquellos estudiantes que parecen sentirse más inseguros con sus habilidades lingüísticas. Durante este proceso, se ha demostrado que el papel del profesor es crucial para crear positividad en clase promoviendo un contacto positivo entre profesor y alumno y creando un entorno seguro donde los estudiantes respeten y trabajen colaborativamente para vencer la inhibición a la hora de hablar en inglés.
Due to the ‘emotional turn’ (Pavlenko, 2013) in SLA – and particularly thanks to the advent of Positive Psychology – closer attention has been devoted to the role that emotions and related processes such as (self-)beliefs play in foreign/second language learning. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to explore the English language learning beliefs and emotions students display and have constructed in relation to (i) the teaching methodology and the type of tasks (particularly oral tasks), and (ii) the role of the teacher and student-teacher relationships. A qualitative approach has been adopted in four independent yet intertwined studies in which both observational (classroom audio/video-recordings) and non-observational (interviews, focus groups and open-ended items) data have been analyzed. Findings indicate that many students have constructed insecure self-concepts with interrelated dysfunctional (self-)beliefs and negative emotional experiences – especially regarding speaking tasks – largely due to a tradition of grammar-based approaches and scarce oral production. The analysis shows that change towards more positive mindsets is possible but the adaptation process involves difficult periods of transition for those students who appear to feel more insecure with their language abilities. During this process, the role of the teacher has been proven to be crucial in fostering positivity in class by promoting positive teacher-student contact and by creating a safe environment in which students respect and work collaboratively in order to overcome English speaking inhibition.
Van, Drooge Barend L. "Long-range atmospheric transpod and fate of persistent organic pollutants in remote mountain areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3660.
Full textCusack, Michael. "Physical and chemical processes affecting atmospheric aerosols in the Western Mediterranean regional background." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129553.
Full textA detailed study of the physical and chemical processes and sources affecting atmospheric aerosols in Montseny in the Western Mediterranean regional background is presented in this work, a region relatively understudied in Europe in this field. Atmospheric aerosols in the context of air pollution is currently an area of study of great interest owing to the health implications of exposure to airborne contaminants and the effects of aerosols on global climate change. A long-term time series of data (2002-2010) of PM2.5 (particulate matter of diameter less than 2.5 µm) and chemical composition is analysed with the aim to identify the trends and fluctuations in concentrations, and the possible causes for such fluctuations are described. Trend analysis of PM2.5 shows a decreasing trend with statistical significance for levels of PM across Europe. This decreasing trend is attributed to the efficacy of pollution abatement strategies, as many components associated with anthropogenic activities undergo a gradual decrease such as sulphate, organic carbon and trace metals. Furthermore, large scale meteorology such as the North Atlantic Oscillation is also identified as an influencing process affecting PM concentrations across Europe. In certain countries the economic recession of recent years has appeared to further compound these decreasing trends in ambient pollutant levels. The emission sources of both PM1 (particulate matter of diameter less than 1 µm) and sub-micrometre particles are identified and the daily and seasonal variations in the emission sources are described. These sources include secondary sulphate, secondary organic aerosol, fuel oil combustion, traffic and biomass burning, industrial and nitrate. New particle formation and growth is identified as an important source of ultrafine particles (particles of diameter less than 100 nm). Many of these sources undergo a distinct daily and weekly variation and seasonal variation associated with anthropogenic activities and meteorology across the region, with elevated concentrations during the warmer months as a result of enhanced photochemistry, elevated concentrations of crustal material associated with soil resuspension and increased Saharan dust intrusions, elevated levels of sulphate and shipping emissions as a result of pronounced sea breezes, and enhanced biogenic emissions. Intense episodes of pollution are described during the colder months as a result of anticyclonic conditions causing air mass stagnation and the accumulation of pollutants across the region. These episodes are especially characterised by elevated concentrations of nitrate. Local meteorology, specifically the action of mountain and sea breezes, are identified as controlling agents for the transport of polluted air masses from urbanised areas to rural areas, and govern the daily variability of atmospheric aerosols. During the colder months, new particle formation is observed to occur in the absence of a polluted atmosphere, provided solar radiation and the necessary gaseous precursors (sulphuric acid, semi-volatile organic vapours) are available. However, during warmer months, new particle formation is observed to be much more frequent owing to the intensified solar radiation and increased concentrations of gaseous precursors from biogenic emissions, even in polluted atmospheres. This scenario has not been described in many publications for non-urban environments. Furthermore, the possibility of particle evaporation is described, suggesting that gas-to-particle transformations (homogenous nucleation) are reversible, and this process is significantly underreported in literature. Evaporation appears to be favoured under warm temperatures, high solar radiation, low relative humidity and atmospheric dilution.
Sánchez, Balseca Joseph. "Spatio-temporal association of physic characteristics and chemical composition of the atmosphere with human mortality data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673195.
Full textLa contaminación del aire es un desafío ambiental que tiene una influencia en la vida de los seres humanos. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo, implementación y evaluación de nuevos enfoques estadísticos mejorará el modelado numérico de la distribución espacial de los contaminantes del aire y su impacto socioeconómico. En el ámbito de la demografía, es común evaluar estadísticamente el cambio en las poblaciones humanas a lo largo del tiempo (modelos temporales). La mortalidad es un factor que influye en la población humana, y su definición en el corto, mediano y largo plazo es de suma importancia para los planes de salud y económicos del gobierno. La contaminación del aire influye directamente en la mortalidad humana y debe incorporarse a la estructura de los modelos demográficos de mortalidad. Los datos de contaminación del aire se recopilan a partir de información satelital o monitoreo a nivel del suelo que necesita modelos estadísticos para obtener los niveles de contaminación en lugares sin estaciones. La descripción de los datos de contaminación del aire se realiza de forma agregada (valores medios en una gran escala geográfica) y de forma espacialmente estructurada (territorios locales). Además, los datos de contaminación del aire se tratan estadísticamente utilizando enfoques tanto tradicionales como de composición. Esta tesis evalúa la adición de datos de contaminación del aire utilizando ambas formas de descripciones por separado bajo ambos enfoques de tratamiento estadístico en el modelo demográfico Farrington-Like. Para este propósito, se propuso un marco de modelado lineal generalizado asumiendo que los datos de mortalidad humana tienen una distribución binomial negativa. Los datos de mortalidad se usaron como totales y desagregados. La desagregación utilizó tres aspectos demográficos: sexo, edad y ubicación. Los contaminantes del aire se modelaron utilizando modelos lineales dinámicos (DLM) y se ampliaron espacialmente con los campos Gaussiano-Mattern y Gaussiano bajo enfoques tradicionales y de composición. Por ejemplo, la distribución espacial de la concentración de PM2.5 en un evento de incendios forestales con un número limitado de estaciones de monitoreo se presentó con un campo Gaussian-Mattern; y la distribución espacial de las concentraciones de SO2, CO, O3, NO2 y PM2.5 se presentó utilizando un campo gaussiano. Los resultados obtenidos en cada etapa de esta tesis doctoral presentaron índices de calidad de modelado adecuados (NSE = 0,5, RMSE ≈0 y coeficientes de correlación de Pearson ≈1).
Enginyeria ambiental
Heywood, Matthew Spencer. "Optical and Mass Spectrometric Studies of a Helium Dielectric-Barrier Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet Used as an Ambient Desorption Ionization Source." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2980.
Full textBagulho, Mariana Polido de Oliveira. "As cores como estimulo ambiental : efeitos nas respostas do consumidor na restauração." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10645.
Full textA atmosfera de serviços, durante muito tempo, não teve o reconhecimento que tem atualmente enquanto forte ferramenta de marketing. Alguns estudos têm vindo a demonstrar a influência da atmosfera e dos estímulos ambientais no consumidor a vários níveis. Este estudo pretende analisar o efeito de um estímulo em particular - as cores - no consumidor ao nível das emoções, perceções e comportamentos de aproximação na restauração. A metodologia utilizada foi a quantitativa e o propósito é exploratório, uma vez que se pretende explorar o efeito das cores da atmosfera no consumidor. Assim, foi recriado, em 3 dimensões, o interior de um restaurante em duas versões: numa usou-se uma cor quente (vermelho) e na outra uma cor fria (azul). As imagens do restaurante foram colocadas num questionário online, através do qual se recolheram 516 respostas. Os resultados permitiram observar que as cores influenciam o consumidor, em particular os estados de prazer, excitação, perceção do ambiente, perceção do nível de preços e intenção de consumir. À exceção da intenção de consumir, os inquiridos mostraram uma preferência pelo ambiente de cor quente. Em função dos resultados obtidos no estudo, as empresas devem reconhecer a importância da atmosfera, e das cores em específico, nas emoções, perceções e comportamentos de aproximação dos consumidores. E devem ainda ter em atenção a escolha das cores aquando do planeamento da atmosfera do serviço.
For a long time, services atmosphere was not recognized as a strong marketing tool as it happens nowadays. Some studies have been demonstrating that atmosphere and environmental stimuli's have an influence on consumers. This study intends to analyze the effect of a specific stimulus - colors - on consumer's emotions, perceptions and approach behaviors in restaurants. The methodology used in this study was quantitative. The purpose is exploratory since the intention is to explore the atmosphere's color effect on consumer's behavior. Therefore, it was recreated (in 3 dimensions) two versions of a restaurant's interior. For the first one was used a warm color (red) and a cool color (blue) on the second one. The two images were applied on an online survey which has collected 516 responses. The results observe that colors have an influence on consumers, especially on pleasure, arousal, environmental and price perceptions and purchase intention. Excluding purchase intention, respondents showed a preference for warm color environments. In conclusion, companies should recognize the importance of atmosphere and colors on emotions, perceptions and approach behaviors. Therefore, companies should chose colors carefully when it comes to service atmosphere planning.
Whitson, Sara E. "The Development, Implementation and Application of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Complex Polymeric Systems." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1226433768.
Full textRaeppel, Caroline. "Evaluation de la contamination des atmosphères intérieures et extérieures induite par les usages non agricoles de pesticides." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869960.
Full textKacem, Ahmed. "Modélisation numérique de la pyrolyse en atmosphères normalement oxygénée et sous-oxygénée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4708/document.
Full textThe pyrolysis rate is a key parameter controlling fire behavior, which in turn drives the heat feedback from the flame to the fuel surface. In the present study an in–depth pyrolysis model of a semi–transparent solid fuel with spectrally–resolved radiation and a moving gas/solid interface was coupled with the CFD code ISIS. A combined genetic algorithm/pyrolysis model was used with Cone Calorimeter data from a pure pyrolysis experiment to estimate a unique set of kinetic parameters for PMMA pyrolysis. In order to validate the coupled model, ambient air flaming experiments were conducted on square slabs of PMMA. From measurements at the center of the slab, it was found that the experimental regression rate becomes almost constant with time, and that the radiative contribution to the total heat flux remains almost constant. Coupled model results show a fairly good agreement with the literature and with current measurements. Nevertheless, the flame heat flux feedback at the edges of the slab is underestimated. Predicted flame heights based on a threshold temperature criterion were found to be close to those deduced from the correlation of Heskestad. Finally, in order to predict the pyrolysis of PMMA under reduced ambient oxygen concentration, a two–step chemical reaction and a flammability diagram for flame extinction was used. Model results are compared with data obtained in the experimental facility CADUCEE for ambient oxygen concentrations of 18.2 and 19.5%. Data show that the total mass loss rate and flame temperature decrease with the oxygen concentration, which is well reproduced by the model
Mainord, Jacinda L. "Investigation of Ambient Reactive Nitrogen Emissions Sources and Deposition in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3621.
Full textMader, Brian T. "Gas/solid and gas/particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to filter surfaces and ambient atmospheric particulate material /." Full text open access at:, 2000. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,193.
Full textTsurumaru, Hiroshi. "Comprehensive evaluation of oxidative capacity of ambient air with new detection technique of HOx (OH, HO{2}) radical production rate." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195990.
Full textIzquierdo, Miguel Rebeca. "Source areas and atmospheric transport processes of chemical compounds and pollen in the NE Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96858.
Full textForest ecosystems receive an important input of nutrients from the atmosphere. To better understand the mechanisms of deposition measurements in parallel of wet, dry and bulk deposition have been performed. The comparison between wet and dry fluxes revealed that the removal of atmospheric compounds at Montseny occurred mainly by wet deposition, which accounted for 74% of total deposition (wet+dry). Bulk deposition at Montseny was considered representative of total atmospheric deposition, since bulk deposition plus the recovery of deposited particles after the last rain accounted for 97% of total deposition (wet+dry). Climate change models predict modifications in the wind circulation and precipitation patterns for the Mediterranean region. Our study on the characterisation of the synoptic climatology for the last 25 years showed a decrease of Atlantic advections and the increase of African and European air flows in the general circulation over NE Spain. Trajectory Statistical analysis Methods (TSMs) have been used to interpret the variation of precipitation chemistry during the last 25 years for some ions that show significant variation trends (e.g. SO42-, H+ and NO3-). A source-receptor model indicates that in the initial period (1984-1993) anthropogenic pollutants (SO42-, H+ and NO3-) deposited at Montseny originated from central and eastern Europe. The significant temporal decrease of SO42- and H+ in precipitation collected in Montseny reflects the abatement of sulphur emissions in central Europe. In the recent period (1998-2009), the model indicates that the sources of SO42-, H+ and NO3- can be attributed to maritime traffic in the North Sea and from countries in Eastern Europe and North Africa. This must be taken into account for a further protection of ecosystems and human health. Mineral dust is an atmospheric aerosol from natural origin which, entrained massively into the atmosphere, can have significant environmental impacts. In this context, mineral dust-derived element fluxes have been found to influence terrestrial and marine ecosystems of the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Dust is considered as a “natural” pollutant, but it should be noted that it acts as a substrate for reaction of anthropogenic pollutants. Therefore dust can not be considered a pure natural source. In Montseny, African dust accounted for 66% of the 576 µmols m-2 y-1 of total particulate phosphorus (P) deposited. Samples (collected 25 km inland from the coast) were assumed to represent the atmospheric P input into coastal waters. Based on this assumption, the atmospheric-derived soluble P contributed only <1% of annual new primary production in the western Mediterranean. However, one strong African dust event (22-27 May, 2008) accounted for 24-33% of the atmospheric P-induced annual new production. These results highlight the biogeochemical importance of aerosols deposited in the Western Mediterranean Sea. The long-range transport of pollen was studied in Tenerife (Canary Islands). The main were: (1) The Mediterranean region through the trade winds in the marine boundary layer (MBL). These episodes were characterized by the presence of pollen from trees (Casuarina, Olea and Quercus) mixed with pollen from herbs (Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthacea and Poaceae). (2) The Saharan sector, through transport at the MBL level carrying principally pollen from herbs (Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae) and, in one case, Casuarina pollen uplifted to the free troposphere. And (3) the Sahel, which appears as episodes associated to transport of pollen from palm trees (Arecaceae) and herbs (Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae). Sporadic events of long-range pollen transport need to be taken into consideration in Tenerife as possible cause of respiratory allergy episodes.
Pereira, Daniela Cristina de Almeida. "Poluição em ambientes internos. Caracterização de espécies no material particulado de atmosferas escolares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-12042018-094059/.
Full textNowadays, air pollution is a relevant issue for people and government agencies because of the health and climate effects. As important as the amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere, is also, its composition. The object of this study was to determine the concentration of PM10 and organic and inorganic species in samples collected in indoor and outdoor environment of three schools in the State of São Paulo, to evaluate air quality. The concentrations of PM10 were determined by gravimetry, then the samples were subjected to extraction, rotary evaporation, column fractionation, and the compounds were determined by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer; elemental carbon and organic carbon were determined by the thermooptical method, by the system developed at the University of Aveiro; the graphitic carbon was determined by reflectometry and the metals by EDXRF and some samples were analyzed by ion chromatography, at the Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences of the University of São Paulo. PM10 samples were collected at the following sites: (i) school of Application, within the University City, an urban area that is influenced by a large vehicular route and local vegetation; (ii) Madalena de Almeida do Cais school, in the city of Nova Granada located about 475 kilometers from the city of São Paulo, with low population and few vehicles; (iii) private school in a residential neighborhood in the western zone, which suffers the influence of avenue with a large flow of vehicles. The results indicated that PM10 concentration was higher in indoor than outdoor environment in the school within USP. In the private school, the median concentration indicated that the outdoor environment presented a concentration of PM10 higher than the indoor environment. For the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, it was observed that both countryside school and campus school, a higher concentration of compounds in the indoor environment was found, only some high molecular weight compounds, attributed to vehicular emissions, were higher in the external environment. Diagnostic ratios indicated the burning of fossil fuels around the sites sampled. Samples collected in schools presented low health risks. 2-methylanthraquinone and benzo(a)anthracene-7,12-dione were found in the samples, denoting the influence of vehicle exhaust. The carbonaceous fraction (EC + OC) presented higher concentration in the outdoor environment and OC/EC ratio for the outdoor environment pointed to biomass burning. The graphite carbon source corroborated the traffic influence. For most of the elements, except for chromium, manganese and iron, the concentrations obtained in indoor environment were the highest, mainly derived from soil resuspension. Chromium and manganese are related to the emission of the vehicles that used the mixture gasoline and ethanol; iron is from the terrestrial crust. For the ions, the average concentration for outdoor environments presented the following trend: SO42-> NO3-> Na+> NH4+> Na+> K+> Mg2+> Cl- and for indoor environments was Ca2+> SO42-> NO3-> Na+ > NH4+> K+ > Cl-> Mg2+> F-. Most of the species showed the influence of soil resuspension; nitrate and sulfate were attributed to human activities, i. e., vehicular emission, and, the ammonium cation was formed by reactions from the degradation of the organic matter and the processes that occur in vehicular catalysts.