Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ambassadeurs français – 16e siècle'
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Ribera, Jean-Michel. "Les ambassadeurs du roi de France auprès de Philippe II, du traité du Cateau-Cambrésis (1559) à la mort de Henri III (1589) : diplomatie et espionnage." Toulouse 2, 2004. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/index.php?module=App&action=FrameMain&colname=ColGarnier&filename=JraMS01.
Full textDuring the thirty years of French diplomatic representation in Madrid, five Ambassadors followed each other. Those men, born into the provincial nobility are introduced to the King by relations or allied. They are experienced men who served the King in varied diplomatic negotiations and / or military campaigns. Their main mission is to preserve peace and secure the installation of Elisabeth de Valois, new Queen of Spain into the Court. Confronted with the hostility of the Spaniards, those Ambassadors do defend the policy of the kings of France and its omnipresent mother Catherine de Medicis. They rely on a really expensive informers network that leads to their debt. Spies in the foreign court, they invent all sorts of stratagems to send their messages. The letters are coded ; they duplicate the mails they sent onto different ways. The events they are confronted with (the meeting of Bayonne, the Florida affair or the conquest of Portugal) reveal their personalities, the moments of détente or tension between the two crowns
Vuillez, Alexis. "Entre la Couronne et L’Évangile : les diplomates protestants au service du roi de France (ca. 1530 – ca. 1630)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCC041.
Full textDuring the early modern period, when Europe was gradually marked by the phenomenon of confessionalisation and religious bipolarisation, the Kingdom of France took on a very special character due to the presence of a large Huguenot minority. Although the Edict of Nantes legalised the existence of the Reformed and their access to public office from 1598 onwards, their influence nevertheless met with varying degrees of opposition from the Crown.However, from the 1530s until the ministry of Richelieu, the successive kings of France continued to employ agents of the Reformed faith. Among the diplomats employed by the monarchy between the start of the religious tensions and the complete re-Catholicisation of the state apparatus were more than thirty ambassadors.The aim of this thesis is to examine the relationship between the Reformed faith of these diplomats and the service of a Catholic king, and also to identify the interest that the monarch may have had in maintaining a resident ordinary ambassador or sending a Protestant ambassador extraordinary to a foreign prince. Finally, this work aims to study the impact of the diplomats’ religion on the way they negotiated and on the results obtained, as well as the way in which their religious interests may have interfered with the mission entrusted to them by the sovereign
Petitclerc, Isabelle. "François Savary de Brèves, ambassadeur de Henri IV à Constantinople (1585-1605) : diplomatie française dans l'Empire ottoman et recherche orientaliste." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040077.
Full textPantalacci, Jean-Pierre. "Diplomatie et diplomates vénitiens à Rome au XVIe siècle : 1500-1535 : les rapports entre la Papauté et Venise à travers les Relazioni des ambassadeurs vénitiens." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040232.
Full textThe aim of this work tends to analyse the relationships between the papacy and Venice in the first half of the XVIth century through the Venetian ambassadors'reports that have been preserved. The span of time chosen for this study covers the period 1500-1535 and corresponds to four pontificates : Alexander VI b. Borgia, Julius II b. Della Rovere, Leo X and Clement VII b. Medici. This period is particularly eventful both in Italy and Europe, period in which Venice found itself an ally and an opponent of Rome in turns. Thus, the Venetian ambassador is at same time an observer, a judge and an actor of these events. He also considers the personalities of the four pontiffs and Rome
Fey, Marina. "Noëls en Français et en dialectes du XVIe siècle." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO31013.
Full textWarembourg, Nicolas. "Guy Coquille et le droit français : Le droit commun coutumier dans la doctrine juridique du XVIè siècle." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL20022.
Full textFor humanist legal experts of the 16th Century, the concept of French law (droit français) expresses the idea that the legal order of the kingdom is unfamiliar to the universilistic system of jus commune. This justifies the rejection of Roman law as common law and gives rise to the search for a Customary common law (droit commun coutumier). This expression is unknown to the jurisconsult from Nièvres, Guy Coquille (1523-1603). For him, the customs of provinces are the " true civil and common law of French " (" vray Civil & Commun droit des François "). However, the notion of French law (droit français) is expressed through his work as a critic. The customs of Nivernais are interpreted in light of more universal legal principles, thus acting as a veritable common law with its origins in provincial customs. Conceived in a context influenced by legal Humanism, this type of Franch law (droit français) nevertheless requires classical methods of interpretatio juris, adapted to provincial customs
Baddeley, Susan. "Rapports entre Réforme religieuse et réformes orthographiques au XVIe siècle en France." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA030062.
Full textThis study sets out to elucidate and to examine the links which existed, in 16th century france, between various movements advocating reform in religious spheres, and the numerous propositions and projects in favour of a simpler, more phonographic spelling system for written french. Two notions are central here : the first is that of reform, of replacing a corrupt, outdated system with a new, more rational one, better adapted to the needs of a developing society, an idea which had important implications as far as both writing and religious practices were concerned. The second notion is that of the written word, or of scripture (the french word ecriture covers both), the reformation being a movement essentially concerned with putting the bible back at the centre of religious life, by making it readable for a large, non-latin speaking audience. Collaboration between writers, grammarians and printers, linked by their common enthusiasm for "new" ideas, gave rise to a new type of orthography, better adapted both to the new techniques of printing and to the ever-increasing, unspecialised reading publics that the printers were catering for
Cormouls-Houlés, Sylvie. "Le théâtre religieux de langue française (1550-1630) : dramaturgie et thématique." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030045.
Full textThe Renaissance brought a new beginning to dramatic work. With it came new genres and new subject matter that were inspired by those from antiquity. Religion as a theme did not disappear, but rather was adapted. This study wants to uncover these religious plays. This body of work is composed of many plays, authors and subjects but also of many religious thinkings. Religious theater during the Renaissance regularly used unearthly characters or actions : they became direct intermediaries for the hands of God. God's intervention was also felt through the character of the "Chosen One" who became the agent of religious morality. When his faith was tested, the "Chosen One's" reactions set the example for the public who emulated such religious figures. This study emphasizes these wrongly-forgotten plays and the richness from a dramatic, theological and political point of view, thus revealing an age when France tore itself apart over a divergence of opinion on identical values
Warlin, Jean-Alfred. "Représenter la France à la cour des tsarines. Les deux ambassades de Joachim-Jacques de La Chétardie de 1739 à 1744." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040223.
Full textThe marquis de La Chétardie was the first French envoy to Russia invested with the title of ambassador. This honor, denied to Peter the Great, was accorded to his niece Anna, although the two countries were then engaged in their first armed conflict. La Chétardie’s mission in St. Petersburg revealed both his qualities and weaknesses. A polished, experienced courtier, an expert conversationalist at home in fashionable gatherings and punctilious about court ceremonial, he failed at every project he undertook. Nevertheless, some of these failures were not his alone. Having played a minor role in the coup d’état that put Elisabeth on the throne, he acquired a favor from which he was unable to profit for long. He miscalculated the resources of Russian and Swedish belligerents. Several blunders connected to the exacerbated xenophobia of the Russians, although less his responsibility than his government’s, made him a pariah. Having been denied the role of mediator promised by the sovereign during the ongoing conflict, he was obliged to request his recall. Upon returning to France, he developed a project for an alliance among France, Russia, and Sweden that would have replaced the system of « barriers, » sacrificed Poland, and overturned the prevailing diplomatic system. His second mission was unhappy and brief as a result of his conflict with the Vice-Chancellor Bestoutchef, a conflict that could only end in the fall of one of them. It was La Chétardie who was removed because of his overconfidence in the security of his codes. Thus did the first French embassy to Russia end in confusion. Despite his seductive appeal, La Chétardie had failed in his mission and grand projects
Germa-Romann, Hélène. "La "belle mort" des gentilshommes français (XVIe siècle et première moitié du XVIIe)." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30038.
Full textDickner, Denis. "Les pratiques alimentaires des marins-pêcheurs français dans le golfe Saint-Laurent au XVIe siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29445.
Full textPrévost, Sophie. "Les énoncés à sujet postverbal en français aux XVe et XVIe siècles : analyse sémantico-pragmatique." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070047.
Full textThe purpose of this study is two-fold : to analyze the evolution of the postposition of the subject in the 1450-1550 period from six texts in prose, and to test a theory of functional/informational type on that corpus. The combination of both tasks is not irrelevant : before french word-order was organized according to a grammatical principle, it used to depend on a functional one, the period of middle french corresponding to a transition. A corpus from that time seems therefore well-adapted to test an informational theory, the initial hypothesis being that the remaining verb-subject utterances are to be accounted for with respect to the lasting functional principle. In the functional/informational theories, some notions are conceptually and terminologically vague (among which, theme and topic). For us, this justifies the model used for the analysis, inspired from K. Lambrecht's theory and from the informative structures therein involved. The analysis then reveals the necessary creation of new structures and also the deficiency of the initial model : verb-subject utterances depart from the grammatical principle but often from the functional one as well. Hence, the necessity to go beyond the informational dimension to reach a semantico-pragmatic approach, and to include, beyond the limits of the utterance, larger sequences including a few previous utterances. Then it can be observed that verb-subject utterances are generally in the continuity with what precedes, but create at the same time a rupture, which is realized in various ways (syntactic, enunciative ruptures, opposition, unexpected connection. . . ), which is all the stronger since the postposition of the subject becomes the marked word-order. A semantico-pragmatic analysis which is not restricted to the limits of the utterance proves fruitful to analyze the evolution of the postposition of the subject at the end of the middle french
Mattarucco, Giada. "Les premières grammaires de la langue italienne à l'usage des Français (1549-1659)." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030055.
Full textThis research focuses on ten Italian grammars published for French people between 1549 and 1659. This period commences with Jean-Pierre de Mesmes’ grammar and finishes with the Nouvelle méthode by Port-Royal. The grammars, their authors and public and their aims and sources are studied in the context of the diffusion of the Italian language and culture in France. The classifications and the terminology used are compared with contemporary grammars of Italian published in Italy and with contemporary French grammars, without neglecting the examples set by Latin grammars. This study discusses the models of Italian presented by these ten grammars in various fields: spelling, pronunciation, morphology (articles and verbs), questions of syntax and forms peculiar to the spoken language. In particular, the examples given by the grammars are analysed (exempla ficta, quotations from literary texts, readings)
Tremblay, France. "Édition annotée et commentée du Devis de la langue francoyse d'Abel Matthieu, paru à Paris en 1559, suivie d'un glossaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23925/23925.pdf.
Full textDelon, Stéphanie Marie. "Les Traités de musique français à la Renaissance : sources, influences européennes." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR2013.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is looking into French academic works often considered as secondary. Through identifying and classifying French works, as well as setting them in the broader context of European musical theory, the author describes a corpus that has often been ignored and documents various influences from the Renaissance period in Europe. Studying the corpuses of each country contributed to a better apprehension of this thesis' main object: French treatises. Cross-study comparison of sources revealed links between some treatises of different countries. Has French music theory been influenced by foreign sources, or has it had an influence outside its borders? Through the description of the corpus and its sources, this thesis gives a fresh look on French music treatises
Michon, Cédric. "La Crosse et le Sceptre : les prélats d'Etat sous François Ier et Henri VIII." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA3006_1.pdf.
Full textOne can observe a striking implication of French and English prelates' in Renaissance France and England. The aim of this thesis is to prove that the prelates active in the royal govemment and administration constitute an informal institution active in all the areas of the State. They constitute what can be labelled the State prelates, that is to say, the prelates devoting most of their activities to the service of the State. There are about thirty in each kingdom. These State prelates constitute the third piIlar of the French and English Monarchy, with the courtiers and the bureaucrats. They ensure explorations of new paths in the study, of the domestic or bureaucratie nature of the monarchy. This work is dedicated to this original elite, closed, sterile, costless, constituted by doctors and gentlemen, heirs and upstarts and subject to the double authority of king and papacy
Liaroutzos, Chantal. "Chorologies de la Renaissance, didactique et poétique de l'espace français : l'exemple de Gilles Corrozet et de Charles Estienne." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081154.
Full textLes antiquites de paris by gilles corrozet (1550), la guide des chemins de france (1552) and l'agriculture et maison rustique (1564) by charles estienne, each propose, in common, a representation of french territory as the object to both a speech and a praxis. Studying the literary process employed in these representations allows us to see how the didactic thinking behind these two autors forges and constructs a poetic reasoning to this territory
Louvat-Molozay, Bénédicte. "Poétique de l'introduction musicale : le statut de la musique dans le théâtre français entre 1550 et 1680." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040400.
Full textThis dissertation aims at articulating a theoretical reflection on the status of music in French theatre with an analysis of the practices of musical insertion in drama from the renaissance to the creation of the Comédie-Francaise. Because it depends on the definition of theatre as a spectacle and concerns all dramatic genres, the question of music is marginalized by the theoreticians. The second part of this study propounds therefore a poetics of musical introduction in relation to a poetics of the dramatic genres : in the renaissance and throughout the first third of the seventeenth century, the presence of music in humanist tragedies, protestant drama and dramatic pastorals is linked to the conception of a lyrical theatre, which postulates a kind of union between theatre and poetry. From the 1630s, music is submitted to the requirements of action. The second half of the seventeenth century is then characterized by a reflection on the conditions of possibility for a theatre in music to exist, and by a resistance to the Italian model: against it, the “tragédie à machines” and the “comédie-ballet” offer a model of total spectacle, which favors alternation over simultaneity. The dramatic pastoral evolves towards an operatic pastoral, while sacred drama and the comedy remain faithful to the pattern of theatre with music
Duché-Gavet, Véronique, and Nicolas Denisot. "Recherches sur Théodose Valentinian : "L'Amant ressuscité de la mort d'amour" : (avec notice sur l'auteur et édition du texte)." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR2003.
Full textResearchwork on Nicolas Denisot's novel "L'amant ressuscité de la mort d'amour", published under the pseudonym Theodose Valentinian. The work is made up of 3 parts : transcription of the edition of 1558 with notes, variants, index nominum and glossary (461 p. ) ; liberary, linguistic and stylistic analysis of the novel (300 p. ) ; research on Nicolas Denisot's biography and activities (70 p. ) with a collection of scattered texts signed by him or applying to him (30 p. ) bibliography
Cullière, Alain. "Les écrivains et le pouvoir en lorraine au seizième siècle : contribution a l'étude du règne personnel du duc Charles III (1559-1608)." Metz, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994METZ004L.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the relationship which linked writers to the various forms of power, in the historical context set up in the above title. It comes tp show how the state shaped the literaruy status and, on the other hand, how the writers used to work out and laintain the political symbols. This reflexion comes within the scope of the dynamics of history and takes into account the different power struggles, the events, and the circumstances of the time. However, it does not imply a general outlook of the cultural background, which would be both a static and quantitative approach. The literary act is considered here as a determining collaboration on the political and cultural system, and not as the result of dim internal vibrations. The first volume of the thesis focuses on the background the writings spring from and establishes the sociology of the career profiles of the writers. The second one is mainly devoted to their vocations and motivations. Their works are studied more closely and, for greater convenience, a distinction is made between what falls within the province of the prince and what falls writhin that of faith. Finally, in the third volume, tha area of investigations is widened so as to put into light the different patterns in which the writers evolved, as well as the trends ans influences they were under
Alduy, Cécile. "Les "Amours" en France : poétique et génèse d'un genre français nouveau (1544-1560) : le leurre de l'unité." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIML008.
Full textWith the success of petrarchan sonnet sequences such as Délie by Scève (1544), L'Olive by Du Bellay (1549) or the Amours by Ronsard (1552-1560), a new genre is born between 1544 and 1560: the "Amours". These works differ from other poetic collections of the time by their strong longing for formal, lyrical, stylistic and thematic unity, achieved thanks to a minute rhetorical dispositio. From their explicit model, Petrarch, to hidden sources (Venetian anthologies, Marot), the genealogy of this genre exposes the novelty of a platform that, in spite of its Italian origins, imposes a specifically French poetics of variation. The genesis of the works is then analyzed through a comparison of their successive editions. Finally, the poetics of the sonnet sequences shows how they are structured and what they signify through the tensions of their paradoxical form, at once unified and discontinuous, exploited in favor of a collective agenda, that of "Defense and Illustration of the French Tongue"
Eichel-Lojkine, Patricia. "La renaissance de la biographie : les vies d'hommes illustres sous forme de recueils avec portraits du XVIe siècle italien et français : Jove, Beze, Thevet, Vasari." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100031.
Full textParadoxically, biography as a literary genre - made famous by Plutarch and Suetonius in the Antiquity - has preceeded the emergence of the modern idea of individuality, which first appeared in the Renascence. Therefore it was necessary to determine by what means this literary genre which was revived in Italy in the XVIth century, gradually became more and more closely associated with the notion of individuality. The study of French and Italian collections of biographies written in three different languages - Latin, Italian and French - reveals a tension between the writing of exemplarity based on variations upon codified stereotypes - which are at work in the literary portraits as well as in discourse and narrative - and the writing of individuality which must reshape the models from the Antiquity in order to create its own rules. The analysis of engraved portraits included in the illustrated collections also brings out the co-existence within the pictures of three heterogenous types of material: glorifying emblems, sociological and ethnological markers, and individualizing features owing to the generalized use of first hand primary documents. The first part places the illustrated collections against the historical and cultural background in which they were written. The second part analyses the basic principles of the "rhetorical biography" as it is practised by Paolo Giovo (Elogis) and Théodore de Bèze (Iconesor Vrais portraits) so as to set out the rhetorical codes that organize each
Gradel, Olivier. "Les relations diplomatiques entre la France et le Saint-Empire romain germanique, à l'époque des Guerres de Religion." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0303.
Full textLochert, Véronique. "L'écriture du spectacle : formes et fonctions des didascalies dans le théâtre européen des XVIe et XVIIe siècles." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040201.
Full textThis study investigates the modes of writing and reading performance in the dramatic text through the forms and functions of stage directions and through their variations in France, Italy, Spain and England, from the sixteenth to the seventeenth century. It analyses the development of a specific notation of performance in the practices of playwrights, actors and editors, which are brought into light by the theory of theatre. Stage direction is approached in its double function, serving both performance and reading, in relation with style and typography which ensure its efficiency for actors as well as for readers. Whether redundant or complementary, stage direction plays an essential role in the economy of dramatic dialogue and the diversity of its uses in Europe reveals the status of dramatic text in the different national aesthetics
Germain-De, Franceschi Anne-Sophie. "L'intimité pèlerine à l'épreuve de l'écriture : récits manuscrits de pèlerinage rédigés en français à la Renaissance et pendant la Contre-Réforme (1500-1612)." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0013.
Full textThe style of pilgrimage accounts seems to have been codified in the Middle-Ages. The pilgrim narrator who says " I " is forbidden from telling anything about neither his personality nor his personal experience of faith, because pilgrimage is a experience of humility and community. During the Renaissance, printed narratives generally respect this rule. However, many handwritten ones show more and more freedom in the way the main character and arrator of the travel is depicted. " I " shows more easily his own personality. This come from diversity in destinations and ways to go there, diversity in personal interests in profane matters and from various degrees of sensibility to the evolution onf the historical Church, in particular after the Counter-Reformation
Papin, Edmonde. "Le vocabulaire médical au XVIe siècle d'après les oeuvres d'Ambroise Paré." Nancy 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN21025.
Full textIn this study we intend to point out a certain number of aspects of french medical terminology in the sixteenth century, as seen in the writings of ambroise pare. The 28 books of the complete works, published in 1585 by j. Buon (paris) are a particularly fertile field for observation. Before beginning the lexical study, we show how the linguistic problems are bound to the organization of the medical world, which is composed of three professional groups, physicians, surgeons and barbers, each with his own specialty, some latin-speaking, others french-speaking. Next we show how the re-birth of medical studies is closely connected to the return to latin and greek roots and how the works of a. Pare are profoundly influenced by the nedical theories of galen. The basis of the lexical study comprises txo glossaries of medical terms or meanings extracted from the works of pare. The first glossary (about 2100 entries) includes the medical vocabulary available in the language before the sixteenth century; the second one (about 1250 entries) includes the medical words or meanings which appear during the sixteenth century. The recording of this information allowed us to describe the vocabulary of ambroise pare (chapter 2) : the contibution from arabic, from exotic languages and especially from latin and greek, the mechanisms of transfer and its integration; adaptation of scholarly patterns of derivation; modes of composition ; the building of complex words. Finally (chapter 3), we have handled semantic problems through the study of synonymy in its different functions. This is a fundamental phenomenon in the evolution and the re-organization of the lexicon, which appears not only in pare's works but also in the medical works of the french translators or authors at that time. We conclude with the assertion that a scholarly language tends to dominate, in spite of an existing terminology and modes of word-building in the vernacular. The reason for this is most likely that surgeons worked under physicians, who gave their instructions in latin
Duclos-Mounier, Pascale. "Le roman humaniste : un genre novateur français 1532-1564." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/duclos_p.
Full textWhile during the Renaissance romance is divided, theoretically, between nonexistence and bastardy and, sociologically, between corruption and delectation, writers are enough aware of the formal freedom which defines the genre to confer on it an originality unknown by their contemporaries and only sketched out by their predecessors. These few romancers are characterised by the creation of a new poetics stemmed from usually old linguistic material. This way, they resolve to dissociate their art - that they will never go so far as to "romance" - from the forms of romances handed down by the Middle Ages or imported from abroad as well as from the various narrative collections. Confronted with the flourishing of the language, the reader is invited to think about a problematic composition which gathers as many utterances as contradictory conceptions of the world. The humanistic romance intends to form his mind to a mode of questioning and of dialogue
Biedermann-Pasques, Liselote. "Les grands courants orthographiques au xviie siecle et la formation de l'orthographe moderne : impacts materiels, interferences phoniques, theories et pratiques." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030092.
Full textFrench orthography of prints is dependent, in the seventeenth century, on three essential factors : i. Extra linguistic factors ii, linguistic factors iii. The coexistence of conflicting spelling theories and practices. I. The lack of the characters j and v in printers cases explains the use of many mute, etymological or analogical, latin letters in french orthography, with the special function to make readability easier. Prints show contradictions between manuscript and typographical practices; the use of ligatures, the lack of acdentuated characters, the exchange of some characters slow down the typographical modernization. Printers are asking for spelling rules. Ii. The origin of the speaker, some idiolectal, dialectal or regional features of the speech may interfere on prints and explain the existence of variants and fluctuations of spelling. The development of articulatory phonetics, at the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of eighteenth century, will help the development and description of spelling rules which will give some uniformity to orthography. Iii, written practices and spelling variants are closely dependant on orthographical doctrines and theories to which their producer belongs. The spelling of printed producductions may be separated into three main trends. The modernist spelling trend from which modern french orthography is issued represents a middle way between old etymogical orthography and the phonetic trend
Stawarz-Luginbühl, Ruth. "La tragédie biblique d'inspiration huguenote en France dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle (1550-1573) : un théâtre de l'épreuve." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0015.
Full textNeverova, Natalia. "Le monde des diplomates européens à Prague et à Strasbourg (années 1590 - années 1610)." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0096.
Full textAt the end of the 16th century the diplomatic service is changing to be more structured and professional and it is witnessing an increasing number of resident ambassadors. The standards and regulations of this service originate from its practical application, but also are due to the theoretical speculations of the century. Though the reality of it is still quite far from its ideal introduced by the works poring over this subject. Turning to the case study of Prague this research attempts to explore that special zone of a shared existence where the encounters among the diplomatic agents from different states take place. Our analysis focuses on the actions of the ambassadors during their missions and aims to uncover the similarities in their duties as well as to define the strategies and instruments used to achieve their goals. A few selected examples enable us to examine some features and qualities that are common among the ambassadors and to determine if they could be perceived as the key factors defining the diplomatic trade. Given the multicultural character of Prague as a capital it is the case of Strasbourg that allows us to introduce the notion of « small » diplomacy, the one that attracts less attention than the affairs that are dealt with in the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and to better define the roles of the ambassadors who are involved
Wang, Wenjing. "Les albigeois comme ancêtres des protestants ? : la généalogie imaginaire des protestants français du XVIe siècle au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3016.
Full textThe albigensian movement was a Christian heresy which arose in southern France in the High Middle Ages and disappeared in the fourteenth century. However, during the sixteenth century, this heresy was generally considered as the forerunner of French Protestantism. At that time, the Catholics and the Protestants were antagonistic in regards to almost every topic, but strangely they held identical views towards the “genealogy” between the albigensians and the Protestants. This phenomenon is closely related to the political and religious situation and the polemical strategies of the two sides in France since the Reformation. The Catholics are inspired by the albigensian crusade to eliminate the heretics. As for the Protestants, on one hand, the albigensians’ persecution facilitates reflection on their own experience; on the other hand, it provides an opportunity for them to turn adversity and defeat into victory in the conflict with the Catholics. Since then, the albigensian history is integrated into the history of the French protestant church. But, this genealogy, although it is widely spread, could not continue to be taken in History, because it is after all an imagination
Liebel, Silvia. "Les Médées modernes : La cruauté féminine d'après les canards imprimés français : (1574 - 1651)." Paris 13, 2011. http://books.openedition.org/pur/116511.
Full textThis thesis analyses the representations of the feminine in the occasional literature of Early Modern France. The “canards”, a sort of chapbook with fantastic and bloody stories, offer narratives based on the everyday life, forming a connection with the readers’ universe. Just like the tragic stories, they focus on crime reports, where feminine actions play a central role. Linked to the fears of their time, the women are represented on these stories as infanticides, parricides, adulteresses and witches, harming the masculine order of the world. Acting at the same time as a product and a driving force of the growing moralization of the realm, especially at the dawn of the 17th century, when the Counter Reformation was in course, these texts show the dangers of unruly women. Taking this street literature as a privileged source to Cultural History, this work seeks to understand how a strong system disseminates behavioral role models to a wide public
Baek, Koun. "Oral représenté et pragmaticalisation : étude des marqueurs d’oralité dans les textes dramatiques français (XIIIe-XVIIe siècle)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA067.
Full textThis thesis deals with the different markers of orality in the french dramatic texts and, particulary, with their process of evolution in the aspect of the “pragmaticalizations”. First, we focus on the use of the discourse marker which is derived from the propositional syntagme “par ma foi” but also from two adverbes “sus” and “çà”. It focuses on two main points: the process of the pragmaticalization of theses discourse markers and their relations with the orality through analysis of syntactic and semantic properties. Secondly, we examine also the medieval primary interjections and the production of its new combinations. Lastly, in the case of syntactic analysis, we treat two structures which mark the disfluency of sentences ie. dislocation and repetition. In this Thesis, we will reveal how these lexical units and syntactic constructions are used in the medieval play to transfer the locutor’s emotion and thought and how these oral markers receive new pragmatic values in their usages in Middle French
Jouenne, Tatiana. "Le théâtre des mystères à Rouen (XVe-XVIe siècles)." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL042.
Full textThis study is about the theatre in Rouen, especially the mystery plays, during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. At that time, the city of Rouen was in development, ran by powerful burghers allied to an omnipresent archdiocese in the province of Normandy. They played an important part in the cultural life of the city, staging, financing or supporting performances. Of course, we should not omit the crucial role of charitable confraternities that organized and staged most mystery plays. I have chosen to focus this study on mystery plays. First, mystery plays are regularly performed in Rouen during this period, that constitute its peaks. Secondly, there is no recent study on Rouen mystery plays. Indeed, it is important to raise the question of organizational arrangements, but also about the places where the performances were staged (churches, cemeteries, public places or monasteries). In addition, many performances like the Passion or the mystery play of St. Romain, staged in 1476, needed to be studied. Actually, the mystery play of St. Romain benefits from a rich documentation in the archdiocese’s archives, but it has never been really analyzed yet. The objective of this study is not to make a list of all mystery plays staged in Rouen (this has already be done by Hippolyte Gosselin and Louis Petit de Julleville despite some errors), but analyzing the sources, to search for what performances are actually attested, and to place this events in both city and society
Oddo, Nancy. "Un chemin de velours vers Dieu : roman et dévotion en France (1557-1662)." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030163.
Full textSag, Mélanie. "Les guerres civiles dans les romans anglais et français de l'époque baroque (1580-1668) : poétique du roman, anatomie du conflit et usages de la fiction." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070032.
Full textThis work examines the use of civil wars in English and French novels between 1580 and 1668 that is to say during the Baroque period. At this time, France and England were going through a revolutionary political, religious but also social crisis. Our framework is based on genre studies, contemporary theories of fiction and historicity. We aimed at shedding a new light on novel's poetics and analysing the articulation of fact and fiction through the study of a corpus of thirty little-known novels. The comparison between the French novels and the English ones implies to identify what defines the genre of early modern novel and its boundaries for both countries, and determine the genealogy of the narrative models used by the authors. We then establish the poetics of war through the analyses of the narrative functions of war sequences, the way characters are build up and the stylistics of violence (staged or faded). Finally, we suggest an interpretation of the novels. From the remembrance of wars of religion to the record of the English Revolution, Baroque novels constitute a specific form of historical fiction, characterized by the displacement of collective stakes and the metaphorisation of the religious division to the level of the couple or the family but also the recycling of the allegorical writing style. The Baroque novel is dedicated to love as opposed to the epic genre, it offers various and complex representations of civil war, this internai conflict questioning one's identity, faith and sense of belonging, three key concepts of the early modern novel
Boutet, Anne. "Les recueils français de nouvelles du XVIe siècle, laboratoires des romans comiques." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2019/document.
Full textRead short stories from XVIth french century, it’s like reading fancy stories or recreations, far away from Rabelais’books. However, this unsettled literature has a « grande variété de formes narratives qui témoignent de [s]a souplesse et de [s]a plasticité […], laboratoire des expériences romanesques à venir » (D. Souiller, La nouvelle en Europe de Boccace à Sade). It’s difficult, indeed, to give a set generic identity at these texts. Without contemporary arts of poetry, modern critics suggest debatable definitions. Too restrictive or partial, those definitions end up at a compromise : to give main characteristics (brevity, moral, good trick, good word, « realism », etc.) without make a clear distinction with close narrative forms (« discours bigarrés », « histoires tagiques »). Yet, there is another path : take the point of view of « romans comiques »’ authors in order to take advantage of a writing fed from Renaissance’s storytellers and of a reading closer with XVIth century’s readers, that is to say refine modern studies in order to draw up the first list of reliable and operating generic criteria
Garcia, Requena Raquel. "La lengua francesa en la administración vaticana del siglo XVI : Cartas de Andrés de Castillo a la familia Granvela." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1031.
Full textFrom Antonio Perrenot de Granvela's unpublished collection of letters kept in the National Library of Spain, a hundred of letters have been edited, written in French, for the prothonotary Andrés de Castillo. The letters comprise the period between 1537 and 1544 and deal with the matters relative to the administrative and juridical questions of the family Granvela before the Holy See. The letters belong to the codices: 7906 and 20210 of the National Library of Spain with headquarters in Madrid. Andrés de Castillo, of whom we do not know the biographical information, was under the service of the family Granvela and managed for all his members the matters relative to the benefits and the ecclesiastic titles. The letters, always from the hand of Castillo, are addressed to Nicolás Perrenot de Granvela and Antonio Perrenot de Granvela. He initiates the correspondence while Antonio was a student in Padua. At the death of the bishop of Arras and, following Maria's suggestion of Hungary, the young person Antonio is nominated the bishop of Arras. In the correspondence we will have the occasion to know the structure and organization of the Vatican administration, of the people in charge, of the different rates, of the conflicts and obstacles, of the disagreements and also of the procedure established for the achievement of the benefits. In this respect it allows not only obtain previous information first hand, unknown until today, of the Vatican protocols, but also of the not official practices, as gifts, gratefulnesses and gratuities. It discovers also the agreement of alliances between the members of the administration and of the mechanisms to avoid the pronouncements, which sometimes forces to the intervention of more high instances. The uninterrupted exchange of missives for almost ten years allows us to confirm the repetitiveness of the practices and the complete reconstruction of the process of some dossiers. The published correspondance shows the French language of the first half of the 16th century used by a Spaniard, Andrés de Castillo. The letters that we present mention some of the most relevant historical events of his epoch. The years in which the missives take place and that we edit, are troubled years in the Empire of Charles V. The emperor quarrelled with three big imperial rivals: the Turks, the Frenchmen and the Protestants, as it is reflected in this correspondence. The thesis presents the edition of the texts, a study of the administrative lexicon and juridical specific of the texts, an introduction to the documents and the context of the cited facts. The edition is accompanied by a device of historical notes, of an index of names, of an index and maps of places, which facilitates the task of the consultation and of the location of the places mentioned in the missives, of an index of published letters and an index of mentioned letters that are a contribution to identify the documents that we do not know yet, but that we expect to find some day. Finally, the bibliography completes the task that we had proposed ourselves on having studied this correspondence in all its features and following philologic, linguistic criteria and for civilizations
Vulcan, Ruxandra Irina. "Savoir et rhétorique dans les dialogues littéraires français entre 1515 et 1550." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100219.
Full textThis study concerns the rise of the dialogue, before its golden age, from the point of view of the 16th century "askes sonocinades" and civility, with reference to enunciation and cognition. The corpus is chosen on the basis of dialogue appearing in the title or the subtitle (medical, political, moored and religious dialogues by Margaret of Navarre, P. Viret, J. Calvin, P. Dore, N. Grenier and the cyonbalummundi). Chapter headings. I. An attempted definition of the literary form of dialogue in the light of its history (multiple origins) and of 16th century theoretical texts. Ii. Fiction: spatho-temporal framework, onomastic. Iii. Configuration of the texts in respect of polyphony and philosophy (study of texts and pretexts). Iv. Voices and characters. Rhetoric (prosopopee, according to quintilven) and enunciation (cognitive, expressive and interactive aspects), (these types of characters). V. Studies and civility (berevotence, politeness, laughter), (there period). Vi. Argumentation (according to 16th century dialectics). Study of the interval dynamics. Problems and their resolution under a) questions and conversation. B) argumentation procedures in those dialogical modes (three periods). The study show coherent development towards the humorist dialogue in prose; voices and characters stave out more cleverly. Sociability, the aut spoken word and argumentation become prominent. The period discussed is characterized by a richness of invention, simple style and a tendency to gaiety
Turcat, André. "Esteban Jamete (Etienne Jamet) sculpture français de la Renaissance en Espagne (1515-1565)." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20010.
Full textAmong those french sculptors rushing to spain during the first part of the xvith century, etienne jamet, born in orleans (1515), becomes esteban jamete, and is to be remarked for three main reasons: -contemporaneous of juan de juni, apprentice of felipe vigarny, two other french artists, he differs from them by the continuity of his classical style and an hispanism limited to profuseness and thickness of the ornament, far from either pathos or coldness, and always included in rigorous architectural frames; - inspired by humanists, his sculptures constitute most of the time programmes where classical symbolism take a large part, and are dealt with in an italian spirit; - suspected of lutheranism, he is arrested by the inquisition in 1557, and the manuscript of his trial porvide us notably with his itinerary though spain, divided in ten years travelling from old castile to andalusia, then twenty years of relative isolation in cuenca, where he died in 1565. -his most important works are in the salvador church of ubeda and in the cathedral of cuenca
Liosi, Marilia. "La maison des Atrides dans le théâtre tragique français du XVIe et du XVIIe siècles : la question du crime." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL017.
Full textThis research aims to show how and under what conditions is carried out in the French tragic theatre of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries, the transposition of such a horrible and atypical ancient theme as the crimes of the Atreus clan. It presents the various aspects of its evolution which is difficult to define, under an anthropological and dramaturgic angle, due to its size. - It examines the definitions of crime and proposes a typology from texts of the mythical tradition and of the tragic theater, both greco-roman and french. -It remains attentive to the ways and configurations which show the cruelty of the crime and of its authors. -It presents, in a synchronic and historical approach, the French theatre plays that have adapted the theme of the House of Atrides, in order to give the reader the most accurate and complete possible perception concerning their affiliations and their differences
Karsenti, Tiphaine. "Le détour troyen : formes et fonctions de la matière troyenne dans le théâtre français des guerres de religion et la fin du règne de Louis XIV." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100183.
Full textThe myth of Troy provided more subject matter to 16th and 17th century French playwrights than any other ancient fable. The exceptional scope of this legend, the multitude of its scenes and characters, and the variety of available themes and viewpoints can partly explain this phenomenon. Yet this study seeks to demonstrate how the Trojan myth, through its unique legacy and structure, served as a model for exploring the problematics of an era marked by massive political and cultural transformation : the second half of the 16th century saw the birth of both the modern State and the modern theatre. Throughout the 150-year period which followed this simultaneous development, the use of the Trojan theme in different dramatic contexts can be understood in the light of the progression of aesthetic, political, ethical and theological ideas that accompanied the cultural transition at hand
Conforti, Marielle. "Le subjonctif en français préclassique : étude morphosyntaxique, (1539-1637)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040114/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to determinate whether or not a method of subjunctive mode existed in Preclassic French, and in the affirmative, to describe and to explain it. From a morphological point of view, we notice Preclassic French was the age of simplification and analogy, while medieval system was marked, on the contrary, by a tendency to differentiate the subjunctive’s forms in a characteristic way. Besides, the presence of the yod at first and second plural persons becomes widespread, expressing in a better way the indetermination and “desactualisation” compared to the medieval system devoid of the yod. Regarding the syntax of the subjunctive mode during this period, it is characterized by an incredible freedom: the only rule actually followed by the speaker consisted, in case of doubt, in using the subjunctive tense, the “world of the possible”, in opposition to the “world of the likely” which is specific to the indicative mode, both concepts belonging to Robert Martin’s terminology. All along the aforesaid historical period, it is particularly interesting to see to what extent the modal system remains free from restrictive grammatical regulations. Indeed, the subjunctive mode doesn’t obey mechanical rules, except some tendencies. It only obeys kinetic and modal concordances. Despite its autonomy, subjunctive mode was nevertheless frequently ruled out to the benefit of indicative mode, including the “forme en –rais”, especially when authors showed no interest in stylistic or rhetorical effects. In a matter of fact, while indicative mode gives a precise indication of the time, mental representation of the verb within the subjunctive has the distinctive characteristic to be incomplete and indivisible as well, qualified as “amorphe” and “in fieri” according to Guillaume’s terminology. However, despite its inherent temporal imprecision, writers of that time widely used the subjunctive mode, judged exceptionally poetic and therefore irreplaceable
Mas, Jean-Paul. "L'oeuvre de Philippe de Vigneulles : du vécu au récit (journal, chronique, tomes III et IV, recueil de nouvelles)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF20018.
Full textOur study proposes first a thematic then a structural reading of cent nouvelles nouvelles by philippe de vigneulles (1471-1528), a metz droper. His work, the product of the oral middle-class culture of the early 16th century, may be understood in the light of his "historical" works: on autobiographical narrative (journal) and a chronicle of metz. After having analysed the particular features of each of the narratives (which concord in their approach to reality) and resolved the problems of method raised during their reading (chapter 1), the events chronicled in metz were re-examined in the light of the author's view of his own society (chapter 2). The analysis of themes and motifs in the narratives shows that their author adopts the values present in his historical works, but using the comic mode. He contests neither the social hierarchy nor the socio-economic and political systems of his day. He does however imagine a nonaggressive society freed from any supernatural manifestation: the dream of the merchant class on its quest for material wealth and new worlds to conquer. Chapter 4 studies the formal aspects of nouvelles nouvelles in two phases: an exploration of the semantic field "nouvelle" in philippe's historical work (354 occurences) leads to the identification of a set structure, the embryonic, archetypal structure of the literary narratives. Two functions, termed "conjonctural analysis of a situation" and "choice of on immediate riposte", appearing systematically and often high-lighted by various stylistic effects, confer a didactic import on the work; philippe's stories are a series of case studies, profane "exempla", lessons in social sciences. Despite their still medieval flavour, they express their author's belief in man, at a cultural level as yet unaffected by the humanist enlightement
Peltier, Cyril. "Autour des origines, de l'itinéraire de formation et de l'œuvre du sculpteur français établi en Espagne : juan de Juni (1507-1577)." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2025.
Full textFrench sculptor Juan de Juni (1507-1577) settled in Spain at the beginning of the Golden Century. He sculpted a few works as his route took him until he reached Valladolid where he installed his workshop in 1540. The artist contributed to the emergence of the “Sculpture Academy of Valladolid”. He made fifty works in Spain in all, mostly in polychromatic wood, dedicated to the Passion of Christ and the cult of marriage. Our Ph-D study does not precisely consist in restricting his work to the Iberian artistic sphere but on the opposite in showing the cosmopolitan nature and stylistic versatility of the sculptor; in that aim we try to get right to the bottom of his career path (1507-1533), starting with his first works in his native region to his establishment in Valladolid
Gellard, Matthieu. "Une reine épistolaire. Les usages de la lettre et leurs effets dans l’action diplomatique de Catherine de Médicis, 1559 1589." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040176.
Full textHistorians have always been interested by Catherine de Medici but no research has even been produced on a central aspect of her action: diplomacy. Yet, she has written an enormous amount of letters from the accession to the throne of her son François II in 1559 to her own death in 1589 and we still have 5 958 letters from a correspondence that has never weakened during three decades. Among them, we can find 2 454 foreign letters, that forms a central object to understand the foreign policy decided by the Queen Mother. Yet, during this work, the letters written by Catherine de Medici to the French ambassadors and the replies she received from them has mainly been considered as an historical object more than a testimony of diplomatic negotiations. Therefore, the interest has been focused on epistolarity as a means of government in a time when distance between actors makes the letter to be the only link between them
Coulaud, Sandra. "Crime, histoire et politique : la représentation du régicide dans le théâtre anglais et français au tournant du XVIe et du XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040070.
Full textThe regicide is a topical crime between the sixteenth and the seventeenth-century. It is an object of many reflections and an actual event for french and english people. In both kingdom, there are debates on this issue while the schism has begun a reality. Because of the controversy, it is possible to speack about régicide as a punishment. Playwrighters perform this problematic subject. Jacques de Fonteny represent the murder of Henri Ird, Claude Billard de Courgenay represent Henri IVrth’s one, Antoine de Montchrestien represent the execution of Marie Stuart, Shakespeare and Marlowe perform the murders of Richard IInd et Edward IInd. A priori, such subject can move the audience. Nevertheless, such a performance isn’t an evidence. How, indeed, can a playwrighter show such an enormous crime during troubled period ? How can he justify the show in a crisis context ? Playwrighters have to consider ideological and aesthetic restrictions, which are sometimes in contradiction, to perform the murder of the sovereign. In many cases, they rewright history. Because the crime is usually ineffective as a politic action, it is effective for dramatic art. Tyranny justify that the prince is murdered. Some moral failures make this one acceptable. And because the king is falling, he appears as a pathetic victim for the spectators. When it is difficult to show the crime scene, the regicide is described by a messenger
Kaiser, Louise-Adeline. "L’adverbe au seizième siècle : l’adverbe et l’adverbialité dans la phrase imprimée du seizième siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040052.
Full textThis thesis describes sixteenth-century language, based on a corpus of French texts, from an adverbial perspective.The establishment of a textual corpus organized in sentences, according to syntax and to punctuation required interrogating the sentence, the punctuation and the history of the texts. The question of the adverbs was chosen as the criteria for a semantic, morphologic, and syntactic perspective. A survey of adverbial occurrences led to the hypothesis that adverbality, in the sentence, during the sixteenth century, could function, sometimes simultaneously, on different levels of syntactic hierarchy, levels that likewise present possibilities for adverbality, which was confirmed by a process of circumscription of an adverbial territory within the sentence. The adverbial occurrences taken from the corpus showed quite variable morphology. These many possibilities gave rise to a first stage of questioning that arose from the question of where in the syntactical hierarchy these occurrences were found. Although the reasons underpinning this analysis seemed dependent upon each adverbial occurrence, they proved in fact to be equally and logically present from one occurrence to another and from one morphology to another. This led us to think that a common denominator might be necessary for the entirety of adverbial occurrences. We propose a reconceptualization of these perspectives as logically connected, however disparate the results are as they appear in the language of the sixteenth-century. This leaves us with a reason to continue searching for a common denominator for the adverb and to conceive a logical union that constructs a total entity of adverbial occurrences
Perrier-Chartrand, Julien. "Un duel en figures. Imaginaire héroïque et théâtral dans les ouvrages français consacrés au combat singulier (1568-1658)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040199.
Full textFrom the second half of the 16th century to the personal reign of Louis XIV, there was an increase in the number of clandestine duels in France. Through this practice, nobility sought to affirm its class identity in reaction to structural and political changes which affected the Old Regime. This proliferation of combats gave rise to a vast production of works dedicated to this very phenomenon. One group of authors attached to aristocratic values tried to persuade the royal authority to re-establish a legal form of duel, similar to what existed in medieval times. It would create, they argued, an official space for the expression of nobiliary honour and would permit the end of the clandestine duels. An opposite group of authors who belonged to the constituted bodies dedicated to the defense of the structures of the State - magistrates and clergymen - proposed rather to inflict grave punishments on the combatants. This thesis will demonstrate, though the analysis of stylistic processes, of intertextual loans and of the system of references employed in these texts, that the reflection on the duel revolves around heroic imagery, used differently by each group of authors in accord with their own interests. Through an ensemble of recurring figures borrowed from fictional literature or fictionalized history - figures which reinforce a series of key-notions at the heart of the intellectual debate on the duel (such as virtue, honour
Lafond-Zine, Claire. "La négation simple et la négation composée en français préclassique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040150/document.
Full textThe issue of simple and compound negation morphemes system in French language has always attracted a lot of interest. However, diachronic linguistics tackles this question in an uneven way according to different periods of French language’s history. Thus, although it is regularly mentioned, no detailed study about system of negation in pre-Classical French (1550-1630) exists so far.Therefore, this work has dual benefits for linguistics research: on the one hand it sheds a new light on the question of grammatical markers of negation in French; on the other hand it renews questions on the pre-Classical French language, which has been a topic of growing interest over the last two decades.The goal of this research is first to offer a detailed description of the organisation and operation of the system of simple and compound negation grammatical markers (non, ne, ne…pas, ne…point, ne…jamais, etc.) according to their different usages as they appear in a large text corpus of pre-Classical period (1550-1630). Their competition is also investigated. Morphosyntax and semantic methods turned out to be very efficient, as well as the theoretical framework of language psychomecanics whose postulates allow an in depth analysis of the issues and intricacies involved in this research