Academic literature on the topic 'Amazonian Andes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Amazonian Andes"
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Bush, M. B., M. R. Silman, C. McMichael, and S. Saatchi. "Fire, climate change and biodiversity in Amazonia: a Late-Holocene perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1498 (February 11, 2008): 1795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0014.
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Fire is an important and arguably unnatural component of many wet Amazonian and Andean forest systems. Soil charcoal has been used to infer widespread human use of landscapes prior to European Conquest. An analysis of Amazonian soil carbon records reveals that the records have distinct spatial and temporal patterns, suggesting that either fires were only set in moderately seasonal areas of Amazonia or that strongly seasonal and aseasonal areas are undersampled. Synthesizing data from 300 charcoal records, an age–frequency diagram reveals peaks of fire apparently coinciding with some periods of very strong El Niño activity. However, the El Niño record does not always provide an accurate prediction of fire timing, and a better match is found in the record of insolation minima. After the time of European contact, fires became much scarcer within Amazonia. In both the Amazonia and the Andes, modern fire pattern is strongly allied to human activity. On the flank of the Andes, forests that have never burned are being eroded by fire spreading downslope from grasslands. Species of these same forests are being forced to migrate upslope due to warming and will encounter a firm artificial fire boundary of human activity.
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Nores, Manuel. "The Western Amazonian Boundary for Avifauna Determined by Species Distribution Patterns and Geographical and Ecological Features." International Journal of Ecology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/958684.
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In northern South America, an extensive tropical lowland runs 5,000 km from the Atlantic coast to the foot of the Andes. The slope is gentle until about 500 m where the eastern Andes rise abruptly. The lowland supports Amazonia, which is the most extensive tract of tropical rainforest on the planet. Most of its boundaries are well defined, but the boundary between Amazonia and the forest of the eastern slopes of the Andes has not been clearly defined. To determine for avifauna whether Amazonia is restricted to the lowland of northern South America or whether it also extends up into the eastern slopes of the Andes, different types of data were used. The results indicate that Amazonia may be restricted to the lowland that extends from the Atlantic coast to the foot of the Andes, up to about 500 m. Consequently, the number of bird species strictly endemic to Amazonia would be 290. Comparison with the distribution of vegetation on the eastern slopes of the Andes also suggests that Amazonia as a biome may be restricted to the lowland that extends from the Atlantic coast to the foot of the Andes, up to about 500 m.
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Borda, Víctor, Isabela Alvim, Marla Mendes, Carolina Silva-Carvalho, Giordano B. Soares-Souza, Thiago P. Leal, Vinicius Furlan, et al. "The genetic structure and adaptation of Andean highlanders and Amazonians are influenced by the interplay between geography and culture." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 51 (December 4, 2020): 32557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013773117.
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Western South America was one of the worldwide cradles of civilization. The well-known Inca Empire was the tip of the iceberg of an evolutionary process that started 11,000 to 14,000 years ago. Genetic data from 18 Peruvian populations reveal the following: 1) The between-population homogenization of the central southern Andes and its differentiation with respect to Amazonian populations of similar latitudes do not extend northward. Instead, longitudinal gene flow between the northern coast of Peru, Andes, and Amazonia accompanied cultural and socioeconomic interactions revealed by archeology. This pattern recapitulates the environmental and cultural differentiation between the fertile north, where altitudes are lower, and the arid south, where the Andes are higher, acting as a genetic barrier between the sharply different environments of the Andes and Amazonia. 2) The genetic homogenization between the populations of the arid Andes is not only due to migrations during the Inca Empire or the subsequent colonial period. It started at least during the earlier expansion of the Wari Empire (600 to 1,000 years before present). 3) This demographic history allowed for cases of positive natural selection in the high and arid Andes vs. the low Amazon tropical forest: in the Andes, a putative enhancer inHAND2-AS1(heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 antisense RNA1, a noncoding gene related to cardiovascular function) and rs269868-C/Ser1067 inDUOX2(dual oxidase 2, related to thyroid function and innate immunity) genes and, in the Amazon, the gene encoding for the CD45 protein, essential for antigen recognition by T and B lymphocytes in viral–host interaction.
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STURARO, MARCELO JOSÉ, and TERESA C. S. AVILA-PIRES. "Taxonomic revision of the geckos of the Gonatodes concinnatus complex (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae), with description of two new species." Zootaxa 2869, no. 1 (May 6, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2869.1.1.
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The Gonatodes concinnatus complex, as here considered, consists of Gonatodes species characterized by a white suprahumeral spot with black margins; vermiculations or not on back; and transversely enlarged scales under the tail, showing the sequence 1’1’1”, and in some specimens 1’1’2” on the anterior portion. Two species are presently recognized in this Amazonian complex: G. concinnatus and G. tapajonicus. New material collected in eastern Amazonia (states of Pará and Amapá, Brazil) made it necessary to review these species. We analyzed several populations within this complex, from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela and Brazil, including these new records. Specimens were separated in groups defined on basis of color pattern. Stepwise discriminant function analyses were then performed to compare the external morphology (measurements and scale counts) in these groups. Results support recognition of five taxa, corresponding to G. concinnatus from western Amazonia, in Ecuador and northern Peru; G. ligiae from northwestern Venezuela (east of the Andes); G. tapajonicus, from the Tapajós river basin, in Pará, Brazil; and two new species, one from eastern Amazonia, in the states of Pará (north and south of the Amazon river) and Amapá, Brazil, and another from central Colombia, east of the Andes. Diagnoses and descriptions of all species are presented.
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Lombardo, Umberto. "Alluvial plain dynamics in the southern Amazonian foreland basin." Earth System Dynamics 7, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-453-2016.
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Abstract. Alluvial plains are formed with sediments that rivers deposit on the adjacent flood-basin, mainly through crevasse splays and avulsions. These result from a combination of processes, some of which push the river towards the crevasse threshold, while others act as triggers. Based on the floodplain sedimentation patterns of large rivers in the southern Amazonian foreland basin, it has been suggested that alluvial plain sediment accumulation is primarily the result of river crevasse splays and sheet sands triggered by above-normal precipitation events due to La Niña. However, more than 90 % of the Amazonian river network is made of small rivers and it is unknown whether small river floodplain sedimentation is influenced by the ENSO cycle as well. Using Landsat images from 1984 to 2014, here I analyse the behaviour of all 12 tributaries of the Río Mamoré with a catchment in the Andes. I show that these are very active rivers and that the frequency of crevasses is not linked to ENSO activity. The data suggest that most of the sediments eroded from the Andes by the tributaries of the Mamoré are deposited in the alluvial plains, before reaching the parent river. The mid-to-late Holocene paleo-channels of these rivers are located tens of kilometres further away from the Andes than the modern crevasses. I conclude that the frequency of crevasses is controlled by intrabasinal processes that act on a yearly to decadal timescale, while the average location of the crevasses is controlled by climatic or neo-tectonic events that act on a millennial scale. Finally, I discuss the implications of river dynamics on rural livelihoods and biodiversity in the Llanos de Moxos, a seasonally flooded savannah covering most of the southern Amazonian foreland basin and the world's largest RAMSAR site.
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Lombardo, U. "Alluvial plain dynamics in the southern Amazonian foreland basin." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 6, no. 2 (October 20, 2015): 2063–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-6-2063-2015.
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Abstract. Alluvial plains are formed with sediments that rivers deposit on the adjacent flood-basin, mainly through crevasse splays and avulsions. These result from a combination of processes, some of which push the river towards the crevasse threshold, while others act as triggers. Based on the floodplain sedimentation patterns of large rivers in the southern Amazonian foreland basin, it has been suggested that alluvial plain sediment accumulation is primarily the result of river crevasse splays triggered by above normal precipitation events due to La Niña. However, more than 90 % of the Amazonian river network is made of small rivers and it is unknown whether small river floodplain sedimentation is influenced by the ENSO cycle as well. Using Landsat images from 1984 to 2014, here I analyse the behaviour of all the twelve tributaries of the Río Mamoré with a catchment in the Andes. I show that these are very active rivers and that the frequency of crevasses is not linked to ENSO activity. I found that most of the sediments eroded from the Andes by the tributaries of the Mamoré are deposited in the alluvial plains, before reaching the parent river. The mid- to late Holocene paleo-channels of these rivers are located tens of kilometres further away from the Andes than the modern crevasses. I conclude that the frequency of crevasses is controlled by intrabasinal processes that act on a year to decade time scale, while the average location of the crevasses is controlled by climatic or neo-tectonic events that act on a millennial scale. Finally, I discuss the implications of river dynamics on rural livelihoods and biodiversity in the Llanos de Moxos, a seasonally flooded savannah covering most of the southern Amazonian foreland basin and the world's largest RAMSAR site.
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Canal, Dubán, Nils Köster, Marcela Celis, Thomas B. Croat, Thomas Borsch, and Katy E. Jones. "Out of Amazonia and Back Again: Historical Biogeography of the Species-Rich Neotropical Genus Philodendron (Araceae)." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 104, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2018266.
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The origin of Neotropical species diversity is strongly associated with the geological history of South America. Since the Miocene, a number of species radiations across different Neotropical lineages coincided with the rise of the Andes and the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. The species-rich genus Philodendron Schott (Araceae) is widely distributed across Neotropical rainforests, originating in the Late Oligocene and diversifying more intensely from the Miocene onward. It is likely that its diversification process and distribution patterns are associated with recent geological changes in the Americas. To test this hypothesis, we sampled the species diversity of Philodendron across its entire geographic range and used a combination of three non-coding plastid regions (petD, rpl16, and trnK/matK) to obtain a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny. We then inferred geographic range evolution and explored the impact of the Andean orogeny on speciation, extinction, and dispersal. The genus Philodendron originated ~29 million years ago (mya) and experienced the earliest diversification events ~25 mya in the Pan-Amazonian rainforests. From the Middle Miocene onward, multiple geographic range expansion events occurred from Amazonia to southeast Brazil and to the area which would become the Chocó and the northern Andes. From the Pliocene onward, Philodendron reached Central America and the Caribbean islands, and Andean lineages recolonized and diversified in Amazonia. In Philodendron, higher diversification rates are found in the adjacent lowland rainforests of the northern Andes compared with other regions in the Neotropics, demonstrating a potential indirect impact of the Andean uplift on species radiations in lowland regions.
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IRMLER, ULRICH. "New species and records of the genus Lispinus with a key to the species from Peru (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae)." Zootaxa 2263, no. 1 (October 13, 2009): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2263.1.4.
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Four new species of Lispinus from the premontane forest of the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes are described and records of all other Lispinus species from Peru are given. The new species are: L. blandus, L. minimus, L. speciosus, and L. peruanus. A key to the known 21 Peruvian species is provided, habitat information is summarized and geographical distribution of species is discussed. The following six types of zoogeographic distribution can be differentiated for the Peruvian Lispinus species: endemic, eastern Andean, lowland Amazonian, Circum-Amazonian, northern Southand Central-American, and Pan-Neotropical.
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Govin, A., C. M. Chiessi, M. Zabel, A. O. Sawakuchi, D. Heslop, T. Hörner, Y. Zhang, and S. Mulitza. "Terrigenous input off northern South America driven by changes in Amazonian climate and the North Brazil Current retroflection during the last 250 ka." Climate of the Past 10, no. 2 (April 28, 2014): 843–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-843-2014.
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Abstract. We investigate changes in the delivery and oceanic transport of Amazon sediments related to terrestrial climate variations over the last 250 ka. We present high-resolution geochemical records from four marine sediment cores located between 5 and 12° N along the northern South American margin. The Amazon River is the sole source of terrigenous material for sites at 5 and 9° N, while the core at 12° N receives a mixture of Amazon and Orinoco detrital particles. Using an endmember unmixing model, we estimated the relative proportions of Amazon Andean material ("%-Andes", at 5 and 9° N) and of Amazon material ("%-Amazon", at 12° N) within the terrigenous fraction. The %-Andes and %-Amazon records exhibit significant precessional variations over the last 250 ka that are more pronounced during interglacials in comparison to glacial periods. High %-Andes values observed during periods of high austral summer insolation reflect the increased delivery of suspended sediments by Andean tributaries and enhanced Amazonian precipitation, in agreement with western Amazonian speleothem records. Increased Amazonian rainfall reflects the intensification of the South American monsoon in response to enhanced land–ocean thermal gradient and moisture convergence. However, low %-Amazon values obtained at 12° N during the same periods seem to contradict the increased delivery of Amazon sediments. We propose that reorganizations in surface ocean currents modulate the northwestward transport of Amazon material. In agreement with published records, the seasonal North Brazil Current retroflection is intensified (or prolonged in duration) during cold substages of the last 250 ka (which correspond to intervals of high DJF or low JJA insolation) and deflects eastward the Amazon sediment and freshwater plume.
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Reyes-Puig, Juan Pablo, Miguel Urgilés-Merchán, Daniela Franco-Mena, Juan M. Guayasamin, Diego Batallas, and Carolina Reyes-Puig. "Two new species of terrestrial frogs of the Pristimantis gladiator complex (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the Ecuadorian Andes, with insights on their biogeography and skull morphology." ZooKeys 1180 (September 26, 2023): 257–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1180.107333.
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The explosive diversity of rainfrogs (Pristimantis spp) reaches its highest levels in the mountains of the Tropical Andes, with remarkable cryptic species mainly in unexplored areas of Ecuador. Based on phylogenetics, morphometric traits, skull osteology and bioacoustics, we describe two new species of Pristimantis, previously confused with Pristimantis gladiator, that belong to the subgenus Trachyphrynus traditionally known as the Pristimantis myersi species group. The two new taxa are closely related, but have allopatric distributions. We discuss the importance of the Quijos and Pastaza River valleys in the diversification along Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Amazonian Andes"
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Andriolli, Custodio Michele. "Evolution du système Andes-Amazonie-Océan Atlantique au cours du Cénozoïque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30262.
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Le système "source to sink" (S2S) Andes-Amazone-Marge équatoriale sud-américaine (AAMESA) qui s'étend sur environ 3 200 km et est situé au nord de la plate-forme sud-américaine, un des plus grands systèmes S2S au monde. Actuellement, le système AAMESA est contrôlé par les Andes d'un point de vue sédimentaire, car 95 % du flux annuel moyen de sédiments en suspension fournis par l'Amazone à l'océan Atlantique provient d'affluents andins. Malgré de récents progrès détaillant les influences des processus de construction et d'érosion des Andes sur l'origine et l'évolution et l'enregistrement sédimentaire du système S2S AAMESA à la fin du Crétacé-début du Paléocène en Amazonie occidentale et l'établissement du fleuve Amazone transcontinental à la fin du Miocène (Néogène) en Amazonie orientale, l'histoire géologique et en particulier configurations pré néogène et pliocène du système AAMESA restent à préciser. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer une une reconstruction paléogéographique du système Andes-Amazonie-Marge équatoriale au cours du Cénozoïque à partir de nouvelles données stratigraphiques, sédimentologiques et de provenance obtenues sur un des bassins constituant le système de bassin d'avant-pays rétroarc amazonien (Bassin de Huallaga, nord Pérou) et sur le bassin principal de la marge équatoriale amazonienne (Foz de Amazonas). Nous montrons que du Paléocène à l'Éocène inférieur (Danien - Yprésien) (66 - 43.5 Ma), un hiatus de dépôt s'est développé dans les bassins d'avant retroarc amazonien lié à un épisode de quiescence tectonique dans les Andes. Cette quiescence tectonique est contemporaine de la formation des surfaces latéritiques "sul-americano" en Amazonie centrale et aux faibles taux de sédimentation dans le bassin de Foz do Amazonas La reprise du soulèvement et de l'érosion des Andes péruviennes à l'Éocène moyen ou tardif (Lutétien - Bartonien) (43.5 - 37.6 Ma) a été enregistrée dans la sédimentation du bassin d'avant-pays retroarc amazonien par la présence de detritus provenant des arcs magmatiques de la Cordillère Occidentale et par une transgression au Bartonien marquée par la présence de dépôts tidaux sur des dépôts continentaux lacustres. Le début du soulèvement de la Cordillère Orientale est enregistré dans les sédiments du bassin d'avant-pays retroarc amazonien (bassin de Huallaga) il y a 30 Ma, au Rupélien. Du Rupélien au Miocène moyen, la Cordillère Orientale continue à se soulever, créant un relief topographique capable de jouer le rôle de barrière orographique aux flux atmosphérique en provenance de l'Océan Atlantique. Ce soulevèment continue peut avoir provoquer la présence de climats plus humides en Amazonie occidentale ce qui pourrait avoir favoriser la la formation de surfaces latéritiques en Amazonie centrale entre l'Oligocène et le Miocène inférieur, en relation avec la phase intense d'altération ayant eu lieue entre 30 et 18 Ma. Nos données de provenance enregistrent une nouvelle période d'exhumation de la Cordillère Orientale du Miocène supérieur à l'actuel. Cette période se marque dans l'enregistrement sédimentaire du bassin d'avant-pays retroarc amazonien par des detritus provenant exclusivement de la Cordillère Orientale.Cette période de réjuvenation du relief de la Cordillère orientale est liée à une période de propagation du prisme orogénique amazonien en direction du craton. Elle induit une réorganisation du réseau de drainage amazonien et constitue probablement un des moteurs de la transcontinentalisation de l'Amazone au miocène moyen-supérieur. Finalement, le système AAMESA n'existe en termes de "source-to-sink" (S2S) qu'à partir du Miocène supérieur, avec l'établissement transcontinental du fleuve Amazone. La période précédente est marquée par la domination de deux systèmes différents, représentés par le craton amazonien oriental et la région NE de l'Amérique du Sud (province de Borborema, craton de São Luis, ceinture de Gurupi)The Andes-Amazon-South American Equatorial Margin (AAMESA) source-sedimentation system (S2S), which extends for around 3,200 km and is located north of the South American platform, is one of the largest S2S systems in the world. Currently, the AAMESA system is controlled by the Andes from a sedimentary point of view, as 95% of the average annual flow of suspended sediment supplied by the Amazon to the Atlantic Ocean comes from Andean tributaries. Despite scientific advances detailing the influences of Andean construction and erosion processes on the origin, evolution and sedimentary record of the S2S AAMESA system from the end of the Cretaceous to the beginning of the Paleocene in Western Amazonia and the establishment of the transcontinental Amazon River at the end of the Miocene (Neogene) in Eastern Amazonia, the geological history and, in particular, the pre-Neogene and Pliocene configurations of the AAMESA system have yet to be clarified. The main objective of this thesis is to propose a paleogeographic reconstruction of the Andes-Amazon-Equatorial Margin system during the Cenozoic, based on new stratigraphic, sedimentological and sedimentary provenance data obtained from one of the basins that make up the foreland basin system of the Amazonian backarc (Huallaga Basin, northern Peru) and the main basin of the Amazonian equatorial margin (Foz do Amazonas Basin). We show that, from the Paleocene to the Lower Eocene (Danian - Ypresian) (66 - 43.5 Ma), a depositional hiatus developed in the basins of the Amazonian backarc linked to an episode of tectonic quiescence in the Andes. This tectonic quiescence is contemporaneous with the formation of the "South American" laterite surfaces in Central Amazonia and the low sedimentation rates in the Foz do Amazonas Basin. The resumption of uplift and erosion of the Peruvian Andes in the middle to late Eocene (Lutetian - Bartonian) (43.5 - 37.6 Ma) was recorded in the sedimentation of the foreland basin of the Amazonian backarc by the presence of debris from the magmatic arcs of the Cordillera Occidental and by a Bartonian transgression marked by the presence of tidal deposits in continental lacustrine deposits. The beginning of the rise of the Eastern Cordillera is recorded in the sediments of the foreland basin of the Amazonian backarc (Huallaga Basin) 30 Ma ago, in the Rupelian. From the Rupelian to the Middle Miocene, the Eastern Cordillera continued to rise, creating a topographic relief capable of acting as an orographic barrier to atmospheric flows from the Atlantic Ocean. This continuous elevation may have led to the presence of wetter climates in western Amazonia, which could have favored the formation of laterite surfaces in central Amazonia between the Oligocene and the Lower Miocene, in relation to the intense phase of alteration that occurred between 30 and 18 Ma. Our provenance data record a new period of exhumation of the Cordillera Oriental from the Upper Miocene to the present day. This period of rejuvenation of the relief of the Eastern Cordillera is linked to a period of propagation of the Amazonian orogenic prism towards the craton. This led to a reorganization of the Amazon drainage network and is probably one of the driving forces behind the transcontinentalization of Amazonia in the Middle-Upper Miocene. Finally, the AAMESA system did not exist in "source-to-sink" (S2S) terms until the late Miocene, with the transcontinental establishment of the Amazon River. The preceding period was marked by the dominance of two different systems, represented by the Eastern Amazon craton and the NE region of South America (Borborema province, São Luís craton, Gurupi belt)
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Calderón, Ysabel. "Architecture structurale, bilans sédimentaires et potentiel hydrocarburifère d'une zone de transition "wedgetop-foredeep" de rétro-bassin d'avant-pays : exemple des bassins Marañon et Huallaga du Nord-Pérou." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30038/document.
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Cette thèse, par son approche multidisciplinaire et l'interprétation d'une quantité importante de données industrielles, apporte de nouveaux éléments dans la compréhension des systèmes de bassin d'avant-pays, en particulier dans le domaine andino-amazonien du nord-Pérou. Elle propose un nouveau modèle stratigraphique et structural de cette région, et reconstitue l'histoire de la déformation et de la sédimentation tout en les quantifiant, données indispensables pour modéliser les systèmes pétroliers et réduire les risques en exploration. Les résultats montrent que l'architecture structurale du bassin d'avant-pays de Marañon, le plus grand des Andes centrales, évolue latéralement d'une zone de wedgetop au SE à une zone de foredeep au NW. Au SE, il forme un prisme de chevauchements en partie érodé, connecté aux bassins wedgetop de Huallaga et Moyabamba. Cet ensemble constitue un seul système de bassin d'avant-pays, déformé par l'interférence d'une tectonique de couverture à vergence Est et d'une tectonique de socle en grande partie à vergence Ouest. Le raccourcissement horizontal total varie entre 70 et 76 km. La vergence Ouest de cette tectonique de socle est contrôlée par l'héritage de l'orogénèse Gondwanide (Permien moyen). Nous montrons qu'elle est à l'origine des importants séismes crustaux et destructeurs dans le bassin de Moyabamba. La tectonique de couverture, à vergence Est, présente un fort raccourcissement et est limitée aux bassins wedgetop de Huallaga et Moyabamba, où elle est contrôlée par la distribution géographique d'un important niveau d'évaporites d'âge permien terminal scellant les structures de l'orogénèse Gondwanide. Vers le NW, la déformation du bassin Marañon s'amortit progressivement, ce qui se manifeste par la transition vers une zone de dépôt de type " foredeep ". La déformation, bien que peu importante, y est toujours active et responsable de séismes de faible profondeur. D'un point de vue sédimentaire, cette thèse a permis de différencier quatre mégaséquences d'avant-pays dans le bassin de Marañon, définies à partir de corrélations stratigraphiques de puits et des discontinuités régionales identifiées en sismique. Une coupe structurale traversant le système Marañon-Huallaga a été restaurée en trois étapes depuis l'Eocène moyen pour reconstituer et quantifier la propagation du système de bassin d'avant-pays. Les quatre mégaséquences d'avant-pays et la restauration séquentielle montrent que le système Marañon-Huallaga s'est développé depuis l'Albien en deux étapes séparées par une importante période d'érosion durant l'Eocène moyen. Elles ont enregistrées successivement les soulèvements des cordillères occidentale et orientale des Andes du nord-Pérou, et celui de l'Arche de Fitzcarrald. D'un point de vue quantitatif, les taux de sédimentation calculés montrent une augmentation progressive depuis l'Albien, interrompue par l'érosion de l'Eocène moyen. Les modélisations pétrolières 2D, réalisées à partir d'une révision des systèmes pétroliers et de la restauration séquentielle du système Huallaga-Marañon, valorisent une grande partie des résultats obtenus dans cette thèse en simulant l'expulsion des hydrocarbures aux différentes étapes de la déformation du système Huallaga-Marañon et en montrant ses zones de piégeage potentiellesThis thesis, through its multidisciplinary approach and the interpretation of a large amount of industrial data, brings new elements in the understanding of foreland basin systems, especially in the Andino-Amazonian field of northern Peru. It proposes a new stratigraphic and structural model of this region, reconstructs and quantifies the history of the deformation and sedimentation that constitutes the key data to model the petroleum systems and to reduce the risks in exploration. The results show that the structural architecture of the Marañon Foreland Basin, the largest of the central Andes, evolves laterally from a wedgetop zone in the SE to a foredeep zone in the NW. In the SE, it forms a thrust wedge partly eroded, connected to the wedgetop basins of Huallaga and Moyabamba. This set constitutes a single foreland basin system, deformed by the interference of an east-verging thin-skinned tectonics and a largely west-verging tectonics. The total horizontal shortening varies between 70 and 76 km. The western vergence of this thick-skinned tectonics is controlled by the inheritance of the Gondwanide orogeny (Middle Permian). We show that it is at the origin of the important crustal and destructive earthquakes in the Moyabamba basin. The east-verging thin-skinned tectonics shows a strong shortening and is confined to the wedgetop basins of Huallaga and Moyabamba, where it is controlled by the geographical distribution of a large level of Late Permian evaporites sealing the structures of the Gondwanide orogenesis. Towards the NW, the deformation of the Marañon basin is progressively amortized, which is reflected in the transition to a foredeep type deposition zone. The deformation, although not very important, is still active and responsible for shallow earthquakes. From a sedimentary point of view, this thesis has made it possible to differentiate four foreland mega-sequences in the Marañon basin, defined from well stratigraphic correlations and regional discontinuities identified in seismic. A structural section through the Marañon-Huallaga system has been restored in three stages since the Middle Eocene to reconstruct and quantify the propagation of the foreland basin system. The four foreland mega-sequences and the sequential restoration show that the Marañon-Huallaga system developed since the Albian during two stages separated by an important period of erosion during the Middle Eocene. They recorded successively the uplifts of the western and eastern Cordilleras of the Andes of northern Peru, and that of the Arch of Fitzcarrald. From a quantitative point of view, the calculated sedimentation rates show a gradual increase since the Albian, interrupted by the erosion of the Middle Eocene. The 2D petroleum modeling, carried out from a revision of the petroleum systems and the sequential restoration of the Huallaga-Marañon system, valorizes a large part of the results obtained in this thesis by simulating the expulsion of the hydrocarbons at the different stages of the deformation of the Huallaga-Marañon system, and showing its potential trapping areas
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Hermoza, Wilber. "Dynamique tectono-sédimentaire et restauration séquentielle du rétro-bassin d'avant-pays des Andes centrales." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30134.
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Le bassin d'avant-pays rétro-arc des Andes Centrales est considéré comme un exemple typique de système de bassin d'avant-pays (Horton et DeCelles, 1997). Les trois régions étudiées sont le bassin nord-amazonien (3ʿ-8ʿS), le bassin sud-amazonien (11ʿ-12ʿS) et le bassin sud est bolivien (19ʿ-20ʿS). Le système de bassin d'avant-pays des Andes Centrales constitue un domaine privilégié où l'analyse de la déformation peut se faire de façon concomitante avec l'étude du remplissage sédimentaire. Cette étude nous a permis de mieux comprendre la variabilité de l'évolution longitudinale et latitudinale, la dynamique tectono-sédimentaire du bassin et de l'orogène adjacent et la reconstruction séquentielle des différents bassins à des stades clés de l'évolution de la chaîne depuis l'Eocène. L'Eocène inférieur et moyen, au nord du Pérou, entre 3ʿ et 8ʿS, représente une période importante dans la structuration du système de bassin d'avant-pays. En effet, la Cordillère Occidentale est soumise à une importante surrection et à une forte érosion. Cet événement traduit un épisode de quiescence tectonique avec érosion et rééquilibrage isostatique (orogenic unloading). Au sud de 11ʿ de latitude S, les effets de ce processus d'orogenic unloading n'apparaissent plus. L'enregistrement sédimentaire montre la présence d'un bassin flexural plus classique (orogenic loading). Comme le système de bassin d'avant-pays nord-amazonien se situe à l'articulation entre les Andes centrales et les Andes septentrionales, cette différence fondamentale dans le processus géodynamique peut être attribuée à l'interférence avec l'orogenèse des Andes septentrionales qui présentent un style de déformation et une géométrie de la zone de convergence très différents. .The retro-arc foreland basin of the Central Andes is considered as a type-example of a foreland basin system (Horton & DeCelles, 1997). Three regions have been studied : the North Amazonian basin (3-8ʿS), the South Amazonian basin (11-12ʿS) and the south-eastern Bolivian basin (19-20ʿS). The foreland basin system of the Central Andes constitutes a favoured area where studies of the deformation and sedimentary fill can be coupled. This study enabled us to arrive at a clearer understanding of the longitudinal and latitudinal structural/sedimentary evolutions and of the tectono-sedimentary dynamics of the basin and adjacent orogen, and to a sequential restoration of the basins at key-periods in the evolution of the range from the Eocene to present-day. During the early and middle Eocene, the Western Cordillera of northern Peru between 3 and 8ʿS experienced large uplift and erosion. This event is interpreted as a stage of tectonic quiescence and erosional unloading. To the south of 11ʿS, no such event is recorded in the sedimentary fill and the sedimentary arrangement indicates the development of a flexural basin related to orogenic loading. Because the North Amazonian foreland basin system is situated at the junction between the Central Andes and the Northern Andes, this change in the geodynamic process can be ascribed to the interference with the Northern Andes. .
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Guibovich, Pérez Pedro M. "Monnier, Marcel. De los Andes hasta Pará. Ecuador - Perú - Amazonas." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122181.
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Filizola, Naziano. "Transfert sédimentaire actuel par les fleuves amazoniens." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30162.
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Roddaz, Martin. "Transition des stades alimentés à suralimentés dans les systèmes de rétro-bassin d'avant-pays : du bassin amazonien." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30133.
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Contrairement aux retro-bassins d'avant-pays des Andes du Sud, le bassin d'avant-pays amazonien est caractérisé par une sédimentation tidale au Miocène. Cette thèse montre que le bassin amazonien " marin " peu profond miocène ne formait qu'un seul et même bassin (stade alimenté du bassin). Au Miocène Supérieur, une transgression marine causée par une augmentation de la charge tectonique affecte le bassin amazonien. Au Pliocène, la sédimentation devient continentale (stade suralimenté du bassin). La propagation du prisme chevauchant en est la principale cause. Elle permet une augmentation de l'altitude moyenne, des reliefs et de l'érosion, qui induit un fort apport sédimentaire dans le bassin. En même temps, elle augmente la charge tectonique, la subsidence flexurale et la surrection du forebulge. Les surrections successives du forebulge contrôlent la sédimentation dans la partie distale du bassin. La configuration actuelle du réseau de drainage amazonien est donc héritée du PliocèneIn contrast with southern Andean retro-foreland basins, which are characterized by continental sedimentation, tidal sedimentation was the rule in the Amazonian foreland basin during the Miocene. At this time, the Amazonian foreland basin is considered as "filled". Incipient tectonic loading was responsible for Late Miocene tidal transgression. In the Pliocene times, tectonic loading increased as a result of eastward thrust-propagation causing an increase in elevation and relief creation. Successive uplifts of the Iquitos flexural forebulge played a considerable role in the establishment of the modern Amazon drainage system by enhancing subsidence and separating an Andean drainage from a cratonic drainage system. The Amazonian drainage network is no younger than the Pliocene
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Bes, de Berc Séverine. "Tectonique de chevauchement, surrection et incision fluviatile : (exemple de la zone subandine équatorienne, Haut bassin amazonien)." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30072.
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Espinoza, Villar Jhan Carlo. "Impact de la variabilité climatique sur l'hydrologie du bassin amazonien." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00379116.
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La variabilité hydro-climatique du bassin amazonien est analysée pour la première fois à partir de données in situ provenant de cinq pays, pendant les 40 dernières années. Une diminution des débits d’étiage et le maintien de forts débits de crues dans le cours principal de l’Amazone, en particulier depuis le début des années 1990, sont liées à une forte diminution des pluies et des débits annuels dans le sud-ouest du bassin et à une augmentation des pluies et des crues dans le nord-ouest, c’est-à-dire essentiellement à la variabilité des régions andines. Pour expliquer la variabilité hydrologique nous avons recours à des indices océano-atmosphériques et aux types de temps en Amérique du Sud tropicale. Ceux-ci sont définis au moyen des données de réanalyses ERA40 et d’une méthode neuronale. Ils sont liés principalement au passage de perturbations extratropicales qui modifient l’orientation des flux méridiens à l’est des Andes et font alterner convergence et divergence dans le sud-ouest et le nord-ouest du bassin.
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Louterbach, Mélanie. "Propagation du front orogénique Subandin et réponse sédimentaire associée dans le bassin d'avant-pays amazonien (Madre de Dios, Pérou)." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2530/.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'étude des chaînes de montagnes et des bassins sédimentaires d'avant-pays rétro-arc associés à une subduction océanique. Il s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux facteurs qui contrôlent la croissance du prisme orogénique oriental andin et à la dynamique de remplissage du bassin d'avant-pays amazonien. La zone d'étude de cette thèse concerne le bassin de Madre de Dios (12º-14ºS) situé au sud du Pérou dans la zone Subandine (ZSA) actuelle, entre la Cordillère Orientale (CO) à l'Ouest et le bassin Amazonien à l'Est. L'approche de la thèse est multidisciplinaire (géologie structurale, thermochronologie basse température, sédimentologie, provenance). Les principaux objectifs sont de : i) déterminer la géométrie et la chronologie de déformation de la CO et de la ZSA et ii) de déterminer l'évolution du bassin d'avant-pays rétro-arc de Madre de Dios au cours du Méso-Cénozoïque. Les résultats de thermochronologie basse température (traces de fission et (U-Th)/He sur apatites ) obtenus pour la CO et la ZSA ainsi que les nombreuses strates de croissances documentées en sismique et sur le terrain dans la ZSA actuelle permettent de mettre en évidence deux principales phases de déformation au sud du Pérou: i) depuis la fin de l'Oligocène jusqu'au Miocène Moyen (~25-14 Ma, Période 1) et ii) pendant le Miocène supérieur jusqu'au Pléistocène (~10-2. 8 Ma, Période 2). Nos résultats suggèrent que le refroidissement induit par l'érosion de la CO au sud du Pérou n'est pas contrôlé par un changement climatique mais plutôt par le développement d'un empilement d'écailles ou duplex au front de la cordillère. L'étude du remplissage sédimentaire du bassin de Madre de Dios indique que la ZSA actuelle présentait déjà un séquençage classique de bassin d'avant-pays dès le Maastrichtien avec la mise en évidence de la surrection d'un forebulge au Maastrichtien supérieur. Au cours du Paléocène supérieur (Thanétien), nous mettons en évidence une incursion marine peu profonde jamais documentée auparavant. La paléogéographie du Thanétien se caractérise alors par la présence d'un estuaire dominé par les marées, alimenté en sédiments par la chaîne volcanique andine voisine et débouchant dans une baie peu profonde. Les dépôts Néogène du bassin de Madre de Dios sont caractéristiques d'une mégaséquence de dépôt d'environ 4500 m d'épaisseur, avec des dépôts distaux de faible énergie pendant le début du Néogène évoluant ensuite vers des dépôts proximaux de haute énergie pendant le Néogène terminal et le Pléistocène. La mégaséquence est globalement progradante et strato-croissante et interprétée comme résultant de la migration vers l'Est d'un Megafan. La mégaséquence de dépôt peut être divisée en trois sous-séquences, au cours : i) du Miocène inférieur au Miocène moyen, ii) du Miocène supérieur au Pliocène et iii) de la fin du Pliocène au Pléistocène. Ces séquences correspondent à des cycles du système orogénique Andin, enregistrant des périodes de quiescence tectonique et des périodes de chargement tectonique. Ces pulses tectoniques, enregistrés par le passage d'un stade " suralimenté " à " alimenté ", entrainent par flexure lithosphérique une augmentation de l'espace d'accommodation dans le bassin d'avant-pays et se traduisent à termes par une incursion marine peu profonde. Trois incursions marines peu profondes ont ainsi été documentées au cours du Miocène inférieur, du Miocène moyen et au Pliocène (3,45 Ma). Cette dernière correspond à l'incursion marine la plus récente jamais reconnue dans le bassin AmazonienThe Madre de Dios basin (12º-14ºS) is situated at the south of Peru in the present-day Subandean zone (SAZ), between the Eastern Cordillera (EC) at the West and the Amazonian basin at the Est. Low temperature thermochronological results (apatite fission tracks and (U-Th)/He) obtained for the EC and the SAZ, as well as the growth strata documented in seismic data and on the field allow to determine two main deformation periods in southern Peru: i) from the Oligocene to Middle Miocene (~25-14 Ma, Period 1), and ii) from the Late Miocene to Pleistocene (~10-2. 8 Ma, Period 2). The cooling induced by the erosion of the EC in southern Peru is not controlled by climatic change, but better by the development of duplex in the Andean front. The study of the sedimentary infilling of the Madre de Dios basin indicates that the present day SAZ was already part of a classical foreland basin during the Late Maastrichtian, as attested by the presence of a forebulge at that period. During the Late Paleocene (Thanetian), the basin was covered by a shallow marine incursion documented at the north of the study-area. The Neogene to Pleistocene deposits of the Madre de Dios basin are characterized by a 4500 meter-thick megasequence. Sedimentary infilling is mainly continental and is interpreted as resulting from an eastward migrating Megafan fluvial system. During main tectonic pulses in the EC, the accommodation space increases in the basin. At the final stage of such orogenic loading periods, this flexure could promote shallow marine incursions such as those described in the Madre de Dios basin for the Early Miocene, Middle Miocene and Pliocene (3,45 Ma) times. These new data and interpretations allow a review of the Petroleum system of the Madre de Dios basin
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Maurice, Laurence. "Sur les traces du mercure au fil de l'eau, des Andes à l'Amazone." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288015.
Full textBooks on the topic "Amazonian Andes"
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Bolivie: De la Amazonia a los Andes. Paris: Editions de l'Adret, 1997.
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Denevan, William M. Cultivated landscapes of native Amazonia and the Andes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
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De los Andes hasta Pará: Ecuador - Perú - Amazonas. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, 2005.
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R, Chuquimamani V. Nonato, Godenzzi Juan Carlos, and Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos "Bartolomé de las Casas.", eds. Educación e interculturalidad en los Andes y la Amazonía. Cusco, Perú: Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos "Bartolomé de Las Casas", 1996.
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1950-, Monnier Alain, ed. L' Amazonie d'une Baronne russe: Des Andes à l'Atlantique en 1903. Genève: Musée d'ethnographie de Genève, 1994.
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Kroeger, Axel. La lucha por la salud en el alto Amazonas y en los Andes. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1992.
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Luna, Carmen. Volkskunst aus Peru: Lebendige Traditionen der Küste der Anden und Amazoniens. Freiburg i. Br. [i.e. Freiburg im Breisgau]: Das Museum, 1992.
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M, Jones David. Mythology of the Incas: Myths and legends of the ancient Andes, Western Valleys, desert and Amazonia. London: Southwater, 2003.
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El mundo es como uno lo sueña: Enseñanzas chamánicas del Amazonas y los Andes. México, D.F: Lasser Press Mexicana, 1995.
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Samper, Diego. Las voces de la tierra: Paisajes sonoros del Amazonas, los Andes y el Caribe. Santafé de Bogotá [Colombia]: Diego Samper Ediciones, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Amazonian Andes"
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Sabogal, Ana. "Biodiversity and Endemism of the Andes." In Ecosystem and Species Adaptations in the Andean-Amazonian Region, 49–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44385-5_5.
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Wanderley, Fernanda, Horacio Vera Cossio, and Jean Paul Benavides. "Paradoxes of development in the Andes and Amazonia." In Buen Vivir and the Challenges to Capitalism in Latin America, 149–73. New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge critical development studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091516-11.
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Mora, Andres, Patrice Baby, Martin Roddaz, Mauricio Parra, Stéphane Brusset, Wilber Hermoza, and Nicolas Espurt. "Tectonic History of the Andes and Sub-Andean Zones: Implications for the Development of the Amazon Drainage Basin." In Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution, 38–60. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444306408.ch4.
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Tyuleneva, Vera. "The Amazonian Indians as viewed by three Andean chroniclers." In Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide, translated by Adrian J. Pearce, 285–96. UCL Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13xps7k.30.
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Kaulicke, Peter. "Early social complexity in northern Peru and its Amazonian connections." In Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide, 103–14. UCL Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13xps7k.17.
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Adelaar, Willem F. H. "Linguistic connections between the Altiplano region and the Amazonian lowlands." In Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide, 239–49. UCL Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13xps7k.26.
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Hastings, Charles M. "Herders in the Jungle." In The Archaeology of the Upper Amazon, 188–207. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066905.003.0010.
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The Chinchaycocha, a people described by sixteenth century sources as herders of a high Central Andean plateau, may also have been part of the Andean-Amazonian frontier. A combination of archaeological, ethnohistoric, and ethnographic information in support of this argument is presented from eastern valleys below this plateau. A long ridge beside one of these valleys descends to a small basin nestled at the foot of the Andes, at times home to one or more indigenous populations of Amazonian cultural affiliation. An ancient trail along this ridge connected one relatively large Late Intermediate village near its upper end to a smaller one just above the basin. Both are argued to have been culturally affiliated to Chinchaycocha-based herders of the plateau and quite distinct from the lowland occupants of the basin. The nature of interaction across this cultural frontier remains largely unknown.
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Denevan, William M. "Pre-European Forest Cultivation." In Cultivated Landscapes of Native Amazonia And the Andes, 115–32. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198234074.003.0007.
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Abstract The forms of Amazonian Indian forest farming examined in Chapters 4 and 5 are mostly recent. It is tempting to believe that pre-European field practices were similar; however, we do not know this. We can only speculate as to what fields may have been like, based on limited evidence. A common assumption is that shifting cultivation was the dominant form of prehistoric cultivation, with forms of intensive (permanent or semipermanent) agriculture being absent or rare (Meggers 1957; 1993-5; 1995; Steward and Faron 1959: 292; Willey 1971: 339; D. J. Wilson 1999: 63). However, there is no archaeological method that I know of that can conclusively demonstrate the presence of shifting cultivation.1 Nor is there an ‘archaeological signature’ to indicate even relative cropping to fallow ratio (Killion 1990: 192).
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Arthur, John W. "Meso- and South America." In Beer, 136–67. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579800.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 explores beer from northern Mexico to the tip of South America and how the first beers from this region may have come from chewed husks rather than the kernels so ubiquitous in chicha beers. The chapter will look at the development of beers during the different Andean polities, from the ritual site of Chavín de Huántar to the Inca Empire, which intersected beer with fertility, work ethic, and economic reciprocity. Also discussed is the rich ethnographic evidence of beers from the Sierra Madres in north Mexico to the Amazonian rainforest to the montane region of the Andes.
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Serna Jeri, Angelica. "Glaciers, the Colonial Archive and the Brotherhood of the Lord of Quyllur Rit’i." In Indigenous and Black Confraternities in Colonial Latin America. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721547_ch07.
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This chapter analyzes the role of dance performances representing Amazonian identities in the annual Andean pilgrimage of Quyllur Rit’i, the most important annual religious pilgrimage in the southern Andes that involves devotional activities including dancing, singing, and dramatized life cycle events centered around both the glaciers and a Catholic shrine to a miraculous image. I argue that these performances allow for the interaction of territorial and ritual practices. My analysis of the history and context of these dances in the pilgrimage will bring into discussion how ethnic identities emerge in relation to places such as glaciers and changes in climate across both time and space.
Conference papers on the topic "Amazonian Andes"
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Pettinger, Alfred M., and Robert Montgomery. "Project Management Considerations of Pipelines Crossing the Andes." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31303.
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Pipeline operators, contractors and governments face important challenges when planning, designing, constructing and operating pipelines which connect the hydrocarbon reserves in the Amazonian basin with population and shipping centers on the Pacific coast. These pipelines cross portions of the Amazonian rainforest, the mountain rainforest along the eastern flank of the Andes, the Andean plateau, and the rural and urban low lying desert areas along the Pacific coast. The need for these pipelines will continue and offers a tremendous opportunity to promote sustainable economic development. However, there are several challenges in safeguarding the integrity of the pipeline, environment, local population, and socio-economic fabric of the region. Failure to properly address these risks could have significant financial, engineering, environmental and social, or reputational consequences for operators, contractors, financiers and governments. In this context, companies need to understand the specific challenges present and implement an encompassing project and risk management strategy that entails leadership, team work, effective communication and collaboration in a manner that proactively meets anticipated needs and responds to evolving conditions. During design and construction management, engineers and scientists are challenged by geology, topography, limited or no field data, limited access to the right-of-way (RoW), and socio-environmental aspects. Major training efforts are needed for the construction workforce, in a manner applicable to educational and cultural characteristics. Special road safety measures are required and in many instances the right-of-way will be the only means of transporting construction material. Other special logistical challenges are presented by the rich cultural history of the Andes. During operation, special consideration needs to be given to external natural hazards like landslides, soil creep, seismicity, and river scour. Management needs to maintain good communication with all parties affected by the project and proactively promote broad socio-economic development in the project area. The recognition of these specific challenges and upfront investment will facilitate mutually beneficial project advancement and be of particular benefit in instances of anticipatable but uncontrollable events. This paper describes several of these challenges and provides guidance on how to minimize project specific risks and adverse effects to society and environment.
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Moya, John Malpartida, Edward Francisco Oliveros Montes, and Giancarlo Massucco De la Sota. "Integration of Monitoring and Inspection Systems for Geohazard Assessment on Pipelines That Cross Amazonian Jungles and the Andes." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90501.
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As a part of the Integrity Management System, TgP/COGA has identified the weather and outside forces as main threats that increase the risk of the integrity of its pipelines in jungle and mountains areas. In pipelines with particular characteristics such as pipelines that cross the Andes and the Amazonian jungle, this threat can cause even a greater number of failures than other threats such as corrosion or third party damage (TPD). Given this situation, the TgP’s Pipeline Integrity Management System has made a significant development in the use and management of the information provided by the various techniques of inspections and monitoring of the pipeline and ROW. This article discusses the various techniques and methodologies of monitoring that allows to estimate the exposure of the pipelines to geohazards. These techniques are, for soil monitoring: topographic surveys (traditional and modern techniques of laser-detection LIDAR), monitoring of stress and displacement of the soil by fiber optics, inclinometers, piezometers and ROW geotechnical inspection (land use, deforestation, etc). Pipeline monitoring: in-line inspections (INS tool) and deformation monitoring (strain gages). The soil/pipeline interaction model, developed by finite elements technique, allows to estimate the pipeline deformation and stress levels correlating the information of the monitoring techniques listed above. All information is supported into a Geographic Information System, which uses APDM as database model, and which allows to integrate information more efficiently with the goal of completing the system risk assessment using a particular risk algorithm developed and adapted to the reality of transportation systems that cross amazonian jungles and the Andes. By integrating these inspections and monitoring systems as part of Pipeline Integrity Management, based on risk assessments, the operator is able to act in advance to potential critical events, mitigating and/or minimizing the occurrence of failures. In this way the operator is able to optimize efforts to preserve the integrity of the system and in addition minimize personal, environmental and business impact.
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Moya, John Erick Malpartida. "Managing Geohazards in Hard Conditions: Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pipelines That Crosses Amazonian Jungles and the Andes." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8532.
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The hydrocarbon transmission system that belongs to Transportadora de Gas del Perú (TGP), comprise two parallel pipelines: a natural gas (NG) pipeline, which runs from the upstream facilities at Malvinas, in the Amazonian jungle of Cusco-Peru, to a reception station at Lurín (south of Lima); and a natural gas liquid (NGL) pipeline, which transports the condensed liquids from Malvinas to Pisco, on the coast of Peru. The right-of-way (ROW) crosses the Peruvian jungle with both pipelines in its first 200 kilometers, after climbs over the Andes Mountains at an elevation of 4860 masl, and descends steeply toward the coast along the Pacific Ocean. TGP’s Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS) has identified the Weather and Outside Forces such as main threat which increases the risk of the integrity of its pipelines in jungle and mountains areas. In pipelines with particular characteristics such as pipeline which crosses the Andes and the Amazonian jungle, this threat can cause even a greater number of failures than other threats such as Corrosion or TPD. This threat caused the 70% of the leaks of our NGL pipeline. The geotechnical and geologic conditions were key factors in the risk level of the system since the beginning of the operation. The PIMS of TgP has achieved an important development in the use and suitable handling of the information provided by diverse techniques of pipeline mechanical and the geotechnical inspection and monitoring of the ROW. Different alternative techniques of monitoring have to be taken into account. It is important also to take into account alternative assessment methodologies in order to determine the pipeline exposure, resistance and mitigation to this threat. By integrating these inspections, monitoring and particular assessments as part of PIMS, we have been able get accurate risk assessments in order to mitigate and/or minimize the occurrence of failures. In this way we are able to optimize efforts to preserve the integrity of our system and in addition minimize personal, environmental and business impact. Risk Assessment is an essential part of the Integrity Management System. Our company developed a very comprehensive and detailed Risk Assessment Model based on the guidelines of API 1160 and ASME B31.8S. The probability model is based on logic trees instead indexing models (the most commonly used), that is because we want to reflect in the result all the variables and factors: Exposition, Resistance and Mitigation Factors. By means of the pipeline Integrity Management System developed by TGP, we are able to mitigate risks due to outside forces. We have been able to act before any event becomes critical: TGP NGL pipeline’s failure rate due to WOF (number of failures per 1000 kilometers-years) decreases substantially from 5.39 to 1.26 in ten years of operation. For the whole system that rate decreases from 2.33 to 0.46.
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Ribera Torró, Esteve. "KUÉLAP VIRTUAL: VIRTUALIZACIÓN DE UNA CIUDADELA PREINCA EN LOS ANDES AMAZÓNICOS DEL PERÚ MEDIANTE FOTOGRAFÍA ESFÉRICA, MODELADO 3D E IMPRESIÓN 3D." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3567.
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Between 2010 and 2012, under the International Cooperation for Development, a virtual archeology project was realized in Amazonian Andes of Peru. The project was carried out with collaboration from Universitat Politécnica de València (UPV) and the Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo (AECID), with archeologists taking part in Proyecto Especial Kuélap (PEK). The goal was to create a virtualization of Kuélap, an important monumental citadel constructed by the ancient Chachapoya society. The fruits of the project was the website “kuelapvirtual.com", that offers an interactive virtual visit (like street view) as well as geographical and archaeological information of interest. Furthermore, a virtual 3D reconstruction was created from blueprints, topographic data available and assistance from archaeologists. The 3d digital model made the fabrication of a two prototipes: an archaeological model in scale 1:750 and a topographical model in scale 1:17500, obtained through 3D printing at the Department of Engineering Projects at Universitat Politècnica de València.
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Malpartida Moya, John. "Integrity Management System Based on Risk Analysis: A Tool To Prevent Failures on Pipelines Which Crossing Amazonian Jungles and the Andes." In SPE Latin-American and Caribbean Health, Safety, Environment and Social Responsibility Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165601-ms.
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Gaibor, Janeth, Santiago Guerrero, Martina Grefa, Anne Valdez, and Angel Villavicencio. "High-Resolution Resistivity Image Interpretation to Improve Stratigraphic Model of the ITT Field – Oriente Basin, Ecuador." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210088-ms.
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Abstract The Oriente Basin is an oil-rich province located in Ecuador, where the main reservoirs were deposited during the Late Cretaceous. The distribution and thickness of the sandy reservoirs vary from East to West of the basin. For that, most of the reservoirs are amalgamated to the East and the definition of the contacts between them are difficult. The ITT oil field is located in this area and the main reservoir correspond to M1 Sandstone Member of the Napo Formation. However, in certain areas, the contact between M1 Sandstone Member of Napo Formation and the Basal Tena Member of the Tena Formation is hard to discern. The primary objective of this study was determined if the sandstones beds present in the well TMB-081 of the ITT oil field in the Oriente Basin- Ecuador belong to the same formation or not, based on analysis of high-resolution, resistivity-based borehole images. The structural analysis of the image show that the sandy interval to the top of the well is in the same structural zone, which suggest that they were deposited in the same sedimentological conditions. Additionally, the sedimentological analysis shows that textures of the image can be linked with lithofacies defined for deltaic environment in previous works. Finally, the paleocurrents direction suggest that the sediments source rock was located to the South and East of the ITT Field. The contact between Napo and Tena formations is a regional discordance. Therefore, if all sandy interval is in a single structural zone meaning that they belong to the same formation. Additionally, the direction of the paleocurrent suggest that the origin of the sediments is the Amazonian Craton and not the Andes for these sandstones. In conclusion, the sandstones located to the top of the well TMB-081 correspond to the M1 Sandstone and not to the Basal Tena Sandstone. This definition only can be defined using high-resolution resistivity-based images because the conventional logs can provide this type of information.
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Moya, John Malpartida, and Giancarlo Massucco De la Sota. "Alternative Geohazard Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Pipelines With Limited Access: Amazon Jungle Example." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33628.
Full textAbstract:
The Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS) of Transportadora de Gas del Peru (TgP) has identified the Weather and Outside Forces such as main threat which increases the risk of the integrity of its pipelines in jungle and mountains areas. In pipelines with particular characteristics such as pipeline which crosses the Andes and the Amazonian jungle, this threat can cause even a greater number of failures than other threats such as Corrosion or Third Party Damage (TPD). Given this situation, the TgP’s PIMS has made a significant development in the use and management of the information provided by different techniques of inspections and monitoring of the pipeline and ROW. Due to the particular conditions of our pipeline system, where the weather and security issues are important restrictions in some locations, makes it impossible to access the right of way in order to get accurate and precise information. Some monitoring depends on people going to the field to collect data (geotechnical surveys, rain monitoring, strain gage measures, inclinometers, etc.). This information is essential to perform the risk analysis in the scope of the PIMS. This paper shows different alternative techniques of monitoring which allow us to estimate the exposure of the pipelines to Geohazards. Among these techniques we have: topographic surveys with laser-detection LIDAR, monitoring of stress and displacement of the soil by fiber optics, UAV’s (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) surveys, acoustic leak detection, Inertial Navigation Tools (in line inspection), etc. It is also important to mention the alternative assessment methodologies in order to determine the pipeline exposure, resistance and mitigation to this threat using geological information and exhaustive desk analysis. It is important to get the more accurate information of the actual state of the pipeline system in order to eliminate most of the “default” values during the risk assessment. By integrating these inspections, monitoring and particular assessments as part of PIMS, we have been able get accurate risk assessments in order to mitigate and/or minimize the occurrence of failures. In this way we are able to optimize efforts to preserve the integrity of our system and in addition minimize personal, environmental and business impact.
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Montes, Edward Francisco Oliveros. "Unprovoked Errors in Geotechnical Monitoring Activities in an RoW." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8518.
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The Camisea Pipeline Transmission System (PTS), owned by Transportadora de Gas del Perú (TgP) in Peru, consists of two parallel pipelines, a Natural Gas (NG) pipeline and a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) pipeline. The NG pipeline is 834 km in length, including a 105 km loop. The LNG pipeline is 557 km in length. The first 210 km, are defined as having Amazonian geotechnical characteristics, with the presence of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and a deposit of materials that are easily altered, which are associated with the transition between the Amazon plain and the Andes mountains. The area between km 210 and km 420 is defined as a mountainous sector with materials having better mechanical properties while the section between km 420 and km 730 located in the coastal sector and has erosive processes such as those associated with wind erosion, seismic activity, alluvial deposits, etc. Due to the variety of geological and geotechnical circumstances of the TgP’s RoW, its PTS incorporates many types of geotechnical monitoring in order to maintain and increase the reliability and integrity of the system. In several sectors not all of the types of monitoring are applicable. Some types of monitoring are: inclinometers and piezometers, aerial surveillance, patrolling, strain gauges (SG), topographic, GIS images (satellite, laser, radar, etc.), culverts, geotechnical optical fiber, accelerometer stations, etc. This article describes some unprovoked errors that can occur in a complex operation (in terms of logistics, geological, geotechnical and socially), in the development of geotechnical monitoring activities of an RoW. Some of the errors that can occur are: • Unacceptable photographic record through aerial surveillance; • Damage to the coating during topographic verification; • Field reports with incorrect data; • Incorrect SG records; • Improper placement of equipment over the pipeline; • Incorrect records in the GIS database; • Errors in the topographical record; and • Inexperience of monitoring staff, etc. However, occurrence of the above-mentioned errors has been lessened through improved operating procedures. These procedures are based on discussions from the various “lessons learned” sessions, which improved: • the appropriate recording of conditions identified in the field; • the labor climate; • crosswise communication between the different areas; and • the preventive approach within the operation of the PTS.
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Lopez, Byron G. "Implications of Reduced Heating of Heavy Crude Pipeline on Pump Lubrication Systems." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90315.
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OCP Ecuador S.A. was designed for transporting heavy crude oil from the Ecuadorian Amazonian forest to the Pacific Ocean, crossing the Andes (highest point @ 4060 masl). OCP have four pumping stations PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4 located across the first 182km. Main pumps were designed with an inherent product circulation from pressure connection via orifice to mechanical seal (API Plan 11) for lubricating and cooling. In order to achieve required viscosity, crude oil from the main line must be heated. Low sulfur crude oil (LSCO) is burned for this purpose. In order to optimize fuel consumption, some efforts were conducted since 2006. The first aim was to increase feed rate of lubricating oil, in order to extend the viscosity within seals up to 700cP. This modification resulted in considerable heat exchange depletion, representing about 50% of costs reduction related to reduce heating of crude oil in the main line. Since 2009, there were some adverse scenarios, which forced the company to seek more and better ways to optimize the fuel oil consumption. These scenarios were: • The continued decline in the quality of crude oil delivered by the shippers quality from shippers. Reduced quality was seen as a threat to the integrity of mechanical seals. • Unavailability of LSCO in the country, • The under-utilization of transport capacity due to low volumes of oil (30% of its capacity). Facing this situation, OCP decided to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of operating without heating oil, in an intermediate pump station (PS3: KP 148 @ 1800 masl). This pump station, at the time of the study, was operated heating crude oil. The greatest difficulty in achieving the goal of reducing heating oil was the maximum viscosity that mechanical seals could withstand, without affecting its integrity. To mitigate this threat, an API plan 32 was designed and implemented in PS3. Simultaneously, the organization was evaluating the possibility of installing a similar system in PS4, where climatic conditions are more adverse than PS3. Based on thermal models and after risk evaluation and cost benefit analysis, OCP decided to run operations accepting the risk of potential damage to the seals in PS4. At the moment, OCP Ecuador S.A. is operated without heating crude oil and API plan 32 was placed on standby, reducing considerably the operating costs. This paper is intended to share the learned lessons, some actions taken; obstacles faced up as well as achieved results in this cost reduction effort.
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Miola, Evandro Carlos. "O auxílio-doença acidentário no Amazonas, antes e depois do FAP/NTEP." In 17º Congresso da Associação Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho. 17 - Supl.1, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z16794435201917s1tl084.
Full textReports on the topic "Amazonian Andes"
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Flores, Bernardo M., Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Marco Ehrlich, Emilio Vilanova, Raquel Chaves, Marina Hirota, and Michelle Kalamandeen. NUEVE MANERAS DE EVITAR EL PUNTO DE NO RETORNO EN LA AMAZONÍA. Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55161/oqrm8068.
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Las emisiones globales de gases de efecto invernadero, combinadas con la deforestación y degradación forestal local, están empujando al sistema Amazónico más cerca de un punto de un punto de no retorno. Las sinergias entre perturbaciones pueden provocar un comportamiento de ión inesperado, incluso en regiones forestales que antes se consideraban resilientes al cambio climático, como la Amazonia central u occidental.
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Diversidad Biológica de Tres Tipos de Vertebrados en Cinco Paisajes de Conservación de los Andes-Amazonía Apoyados por Wildlife Conservation Society. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2020.report.42014.
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