Journal articles: 'AM noise'

1

Horváth, Michal. "AR models with uniformly distributed noise." Applications of Mathematics 34, no. 5 (1989): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/am.1989.104367.

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Hati, Archita, Craig W. Nelson, and David A. Howe. "Oscillator PM Noise Reduction From Correlated AM Noise." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 63, no. 3 (March 2016): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2016.2521614.

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Hati, A., C. W. Nelson, and D. A. Howe. "Reducing oscillator PM noise from AM–PM noise correlation." Electronics Letters 50, no. 17 (August 2014): 1195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2014.2210.

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Cibiel, G., M. Regis, E. Tournier, and O. Llopis. "AM noise impact on low level phase noise measurements." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 49, no. 6 (June 2002): 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2002.1009336.

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Rubiola, Enrico, and Rodolphe Boudot. "The effect of AM noise on correlation phase-noise measurements." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 54, no. 5 (May 2007): 926–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2007.338.

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Eisenberg, Laurie S., Donald D. Dirks, and Theodore S. Bell. "Speech Recognition in Amplitude-Modulated Noise of Listeners With Normal and Listeners With Impaired Hearing." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 1 (February 1995): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3801.222.

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The effect of amplitude-modulated (AM) noise on speech recognition in listeners with normal and impaired hearing was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, nonsense syllables were presented in high-pass steady-state or AM noise to determine whether the release from masking in AM noise relative to steady-state noise was significantly different between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects when the two groups listened under equivalent masker conditions. The normal-hearing subjects were tested in the experimental noise under two conditions: (a) in a spectrally shaped broadband noise that produced pure tone thresholds equivalent to those of the hearing-impaired subjects, and (b) without the spectrally shaped broadband noise. The release from masking in AM noise was significantly greater for the normal-hearing group than for either the hearing-impaired or masked normal-hearing groups. In the second experiment, normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects identified nonsense syllables in isolation and target words in sentences in steady-state or AM noise adjusted to approximate the spectral shape and gain of a hearing aid prescription. The release from masking was significantly less for the subjects with impaired hearing. These data suggest that hearingimpaired listeners obtain less release from masking in AM noise than do normal-hearing listeners even when both the speech and noise are presented at levels that are above threshold over much of the speech frequency range.

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Eddins, David A., and Beverly A. Wright. "Comodulation masking release for AM noise maskers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, no. 4 (April 1993): 2326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.406341.

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Dolman, Sarah J., and Michael Jasny. "Evolution of Marine Noise Pollution Management." Aquatic Mammals 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.41.4.2015.357.

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Bai, Ling, and Xiaoyue Li. "Analysis of Noise under Regime Switching." Applied Mathematics 02, no. 07 (2011): 836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2011.27112.

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Southall, Brandon L., Douglas P. Nowacek, Ann E. Bowles, Valeria Senigaglia, Lars Bejder, and Peter L. Tyack. "Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Assessing the Severity of Marine Mammal Behavioral Responses to Human Noise." Aquatic Mammals 47, no. 5 (September 15, 2021): 421–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.47.5.2021.421.

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Schoisswohl, Stefan, Johannes Arnds, Martin Schecklmann, Berthold Langguth, Winfried Schlee, and Patrick Neff. "Amplitude Modulated Noise for Tinnitus Suppression in Tonal and Noise-Like Tinnitus." Audiology and Neurotology 24, no. 6 (2019): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000504593.

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Background: The phenomenon of short-term tinnitus suppression by different forms of acoustic stimulation is referred to as residual inhibition (RI). RI can be triggered in the majority of tinnitus cases and was found to be depending on the used intensity, length or types of sounds. Past research already stressed the impact of noise stimulation as well as the superiority of amplitude modulated (AM) pure tones at the individual tinnitus frequency for RI in tonal tinnitus. Recently a novel approach for the determination of noise-like tinnitus characteristics was proposed. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether in participants with noise-like tinnitus RI can be increased by AM noise stimuli according to the individual tinnitus frequency range. Methods: For this purpose the individual tinnitus characteristics (noise-like and tonal tinnitus) of 29 people affected by tinnitus (mean age = 55.59, 7 females, mean tinnitus duration = 159.97 months) were assessed via customizable noise-band matching. The objective was to generate bandpass filtered stimuli according to the individual tinnitus sound (individualized bandpass filtered [IBP] sounds). Subsequently, various stimuli differing in bandpass filtering and AM were tested with respect to their potential to induce RI. Participants were acoustically stimulated with 7 different types of stimuli for 3 min each and had to rate the loudness of their tinnitus after each stimuli. Results: Results indicate a general efficacy of noise stimuli for the temporary suppression of tinnitus, but no significant differences between AM and unmodulated IBP. Significantly better effects were observed for the subgroup with noise-like tinnitus (n = 14), especially directly after stimulation offset. Conclusions: The study at hand provides further insights in potential mechanisms behind RI for different types of tinnitus. Beyond that, derived principles may qualify for new or extend current tinnitus sound therapies.

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LORENZI, C., and F. BERTHOMMIER. "MODELLING AUDITORY NEURONES WITH HODGKIN AND HUXLEY EQUATIONS — Application to Amplitude Modulation Processing." Journal of Biological Systems 03, no. 04 (December 1995): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339095001052.

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Physiological recordings have shown that stellate cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) enhance amplitude modulation (AM) information, relative to their auditory nerve (AN) inputs. Modelling spike-discharge properties of VCN neurones implies to take into account the stochastic aspect of AN fibres firings and the fine temporal aspects of the neural integration occurring at the level of the VCN. These two aspects can be simulated using respectively independent Poisson point processes and a digital integration of Hodgkin and Huxley equations. We determine the response transfer functions to AM, using sinusoidally AM white noises. The resulting modulation transfer functions (MTF) based on spike count is all-pass while the computed MTF based on modulation gain is low-pass at low intensity and bandpass at high intensity. These results are closely compatible with real data and confirm that AM encoding is performed by good response synchrony at preferential AM rates. A detailed study of the nonlinear MTF also predicts two secondary preferential frequencies harmonically related to the primary one. We finally examine the model MTF in the presence of a continuous wideband background noise. AM coding performed by the stellate cell model is robust as simulations show enhanced selectivity in the presence of significant levels of wideband background noise.

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Li, Gong Ke, Shuai Tian He, and You Chao Tu. "Performance Research on Anti-Noise AM Spot Jamming of PRBC-SFM Combined Fuze." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1924.

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This paper gives the research on the anti-noise AM spot jamming performance of pseudo-random binary code phase modulation and sine FM combined fuze based on the criterion of signal to jamming ratio gain. First, the overall signal to jamming ratio gain of its receiver is reduced in detail under the noise AM spot jamming, then, the factors affecting anti-jamming performance are analyzed. The results show that the PRBC-SFM combined fuze has stronger performance of anti-noise AM spot jamming, and its anti-jamming performance can be improved effectively by choosing the parameters of the n-th order Bessel function, and along with decreasing periods and narrowing code width, Doppler frequencys influence on the anti-noise AM spot jamming performance of the PRBC-SFM combined fuze is debased.

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Menell, Peter, Ken I. McAnally, and John F. Stein. "Psychophysical Sensitivity and Physiological Response to Amplitude Modulation in Adult Dyslexic Listeners." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 4 (August 1999): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4204.797.

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This study reports two experiments conducted to assess the sensitivity of dyslexic listeners to amplitude modulation (AM) of acoustic stimuli. The smallest detectable depth of AM of white noise was measured as a function of modulation frequency. Dyslexic listeners had significantly higher thresholds of AM depth than did matched control listeners. We also recorded the scalp potential evoked by AM of white noise (the amplitude modulation following response, AMFR). Dyslexic listeners had significantly smaller AMFRs than did matched control listeners. The reduced AMFR is consistent with reduced sensitivity to AM, and there was a strong association between these psychophysical and physiological measures. This deficit in AM sensitivity may result in impaired perception of the AM present in speech.

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Schiller, J. D., C. Pape, and E. Reithmeier. "Aktiv gegen Lärm am Arbeitsplatz/Active Noise Control – Active against noise at work." Lärmbekämpfung 15, no. 03 (2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1863-4672-2020-03-28.

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Lärm am Arbeitsplatz stellt eine ernst zunehmende Gesundheitsgefahr in vielen Berufsfeldern dar. Dies äußert sich bei Betroffenen z.B. in verminderter Konzentrationsleistung oder steigender Nervosität, kann aber auch bis zu einer irreversiblen Schädigung des Innenohrs führen. Daher gilt es, auftretenden Lärm und störende Hintergrundgeräusche an Arbeitsplätzen auf ein Minimum zu begrenzen. Das Institut für Mess- und Regelungstechnik (IMR) der Leibniz Universität Hannover forscht diesbezüglich an aktiven Systemen, die in der Lage sind, Lärm mittels zusätzlicher Kompensationslautsprecher zu dämpfen. Da derartige Systeme physikalisch bedingt stets lokale, räumlich begrenzte Wirkzonen (sog. Ruhezonen) aufweisen, ergeben sich beim Einsatz am sich bewegenden Menschen zahlreiche Schwierigkeiten. Forschungsschwerpunkt am IMR ist neben der Entwicklung der Schallsteuerung daher eine visuelle Ziel- und Bewegungserfassung des Menschen, in dessen Umgebung der Lärm gedämpft werden soll, sowie die Umsetzung einer geeigneten Reaktion auf detektierte Bewegungen. In Kombination kann so eine unterbrechungsfreie und bewegungsunabhängige Lärmreduktion gewährleistet werden. Für die experimentelle Validierung des entwickelten Systems wurde eigens ein neuartiger Prüfstand konstruiert, mittels dessen die Effektivität beim Einsatz am Menschen nachgewiesen werden konnte.   Noise in the workplace is a serious health hazard in many occupational fields. This results in reduced concentration performance or increased nervousness, but can also lead to irreversible damage to the inner ear. It is therefore important to keep noise and disturbing background sounds at workplaces to a minimum. The Institute of Measurement and Automatic Control at Leibniz Universität Hannover is researching active systems that are capable of attenuating noise by means of additional compensating loudspeakers. As such systems always have local, spatially limited zones of action (so-called quiet zones) due to physical conditions, their use on individuals results in numerous difficulties. Besides the development of sound control systems, the research focus is therefore on the visual detection of the person in whose environment the noise is to be attenuated, as well as the implementation of a suitable reaction to detected movements. In combination, this can guarantee an interruption-free and motion-independent noise reduction. For the experimental validation of the developed system, a new type of test rig was constructed, which proved its effectiveness when used on humans.

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Isaksson, Tomas, and Peter R. Griffiths. "Optimal Absorbance for Transmission or Reflection Spectra Measured under Conditions of Constant Detector Noise in the Presence of Stray Radiation." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 7 (July 2002): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760171608.

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The signal-to-noise ratio ( S/N) for absorption spectrometers can be expressed as absorbance/absorbance noise ( Am/ SAm), where Am is the measured absorbance and Smm is the standard deviation in Am, or as concentration/concentration noise ( c/sc) calculated from Beer's law. For measurements made under ideal conditions, Am/ SAm. However, when stray radiation, or an analogous phenomenon, such as detector nonlinearity in FT-IR measurements or surface reflection in diffuse reflection spectrometry, contributes to the spectrum, C/ Sc ≠ Am/ SAm. It is known that the optimum value of Am/ SAm in the absence of stray light is found at an absorbance of 0.4816 when noise from the reference spectrum is taken into account and 0.4343 when noise from the reference spectrum is excluded from the calculations. In the present paper we discuss the effect of stray light on the absorbance and concentration S/N. The maximum value of c/sc is found at lower absorbance than is the case if stray light is absent. While this effect is negligibly small for the typical levels of stray light found with most contemporary monochromators, it can be significant when, for example, the response of a detector used in Fourier transform spectrometry is nonlinear or when the front-surface reflection in diffuse reflection measurements is large. For effective stray light levels of 10%, the maximum value of c/sc is found at an absorbance that is 22% lower than when no source of stray light is present.

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Zhao, Li Hua, and Xue Qing Xu. "Endpiont Detection in Noisy Speech Signal Using Teager Energy Entropy." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1806.

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In this paper, we propose a new method using teager energy operator and entropy to solve endpoint detection problem in noisy environment. With the teager energy operator, it is sensitive on AM and FM signal and noise suppression capability on noisy speech signal, calculate teager energy of noisy speech signal. According to the different teager energy probability distribution between noise and speech signal, teager energy entropy is different. Set two soft thresholds of four states to detect the endpoint of noisy speech signal. The simulation shows that the method has good effect of endpoint detection in low SNR conditions, the simulation results show that teager energy entropy of speech signal endpoint detection in noisy environments is feasible and effective, and improves the reliability of endpoint detection.

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Jennings, Simon, and John Kennedy. "Detection and Evaluation of Amplitude Modulation From a Wind Energy Development, Ireland." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 105, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 1042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.919383.

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Amplitude modulation (AM) is a characteristic of wind turbine noise that has only been recognised as an issue in recent years. It is a characteristic related to aerodynamic noise and descriptions of it include "swishing", "whooshing" or less frequently a "thumping" sound. Due to increased awareness among exposed communities AM presents a potentially serious obstacle to future wind farm developments. This work reports on the application of a recently developed calculation method for AM in a practical setting. Correlations will be drawn with subjective reports of AM by nearby residents keeping a noise diary. The suitability of the method and its ability to quantitatively confirm subjective reports of AM will be assessed. A study is presented here whereby subjectively recorded occurrences of AM by residents living near a wind energy development in Ireland are correlated to calculated levels over a twenty day period. In order to detect and calculate AM a method published by the Amplitude Modulation Working Group of the Institute of Acoustics, referred to as the Reference Method, is applied. A subjective assessment of the sound recordings to confirm the presence of AM is discussed, including estimating the expected frequency range that AM occurs. The results of the Reference Method calculation are presented for periods with and without a subjective report of AM by the residents. Consideration is given to the criteria and thresholds for valid AM ratings within the Reference Method especially where intermittent periods of AM are identified. The Reference Method is shown to be highly suitable as a quantitative measure of AM which correlates well with subjective reports. Caution must be taken when using the method as valid periods of AM may be overlooked due to the rigorous detection thresholds set by the method.

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Ito, Shinya, Mitoshi Fujimoto, Toshikazu Hori, Tomohisa Harada, and Yoshiyuki Hattori. "Noise suppression system for AM radio using Hilbert transformation." IEICE Communications Express 5, no. 5 (2016): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/comex.2016xbl0022.

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Larsson, S., and B. Larsson. "Optical flickering and shot noise in AM Her systems." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 158 (1996): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100038707.

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The emission from AM Her systems show a variety of time-variable phenomena, including flickering with a typical power spectrum slope of −1 to −2. The optical flickering is usually modeled as, or assumed to be, a shot noise process with many overlapping simultaneous shots. Panek (1980) found that, for AM Her, a consistent model could be constructed with randomly occurring 70… 90 s rectangular shots. The power spectrum had a v−2 shape above 0.02 Hz as expected, although it is not clear whether a break in the slope of the power spectrum was actually seen around 0.01 Hz. There are many additional reports in the literature of ‘characteristic time-scales’ on the order of tens of seconds. However we are not aware of any case where the reported time-scale has been supported by e.g. a break in the power density spectrum. It is easy to show that the usual method of estimating a ‘characteristic time-scale’ from the auto correlation function of de-trended data will suggest such a characteristic time-scale even if none is present in the original time series. The evidence for shot noise in AM Her light curves therefore needs a re-examination. In this paper we give a short summary of our analysis of optical flickering in V834 Cen, based on high speed photometry obtained at ESO in 1987. Details will be reported elsewhere.

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Hati, Archita, Craig W. Nelson, and David A. Howe. "Vibration-induced PM and AM noise in microwave components." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 56, no. 10 (October 2009): 2050–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2009.1288.

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Nelson, Craig W., and David A. Howe. "A Sub-Sampling Digital PM/AM Noise Measurement System." NCSLI Measure 7, no. 3 (September 2012): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2012.11721610.

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Ives, D. Timothy, Axelle Calcus, Sridhar Kalluri, Olaf Strelcyk, Stanley Sheft, and Christian Lorenzi. "Effects of Noise Reduction on AM and FM Perception." Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 14, no. 1 (November 21, 2012): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10162-012-0358-8.

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Taylor, R., H. V. Poor, and S. Forrest. "Phase noise in coherent analog AM-WIRNA optical links." Journal of Lightwave Technology 15, no. 4 (April 1997): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.566677.

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Jang, Jiwook. "The Distribution of Multiple Shot Noise Process and Its Integral." Applied Mathematics 05, no. 03 (2014): 478–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2014.53047.

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Moffat, Imoh Udo, and Emmanuel Alphonsus Akpan. "White Noise Analysis: A Measure of Time Series Model Adequacy." Applied Mathematics 10, no. 11 (2019): 989–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2019.1011069.

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Chen, Zi Qin, De Xiang Zhang, and Da Ling Yuan. "Speech Enhancement Based on EMD and Wavelet Threshold in Noisy Environments." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3654.

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Speech enhancement is crucial for speech recognition accuracy. How to eliminate the effect of the noise constitutes a challenging problem in speech processing. This paper presents a new technique for speech enhancement in a noisy environment based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm and wavelet threshold. With the EMD, the noise speech signals can be decomposed into a sum of the band-limited function called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which is a zero-mean AM-FM component. Then wavelet threshold of the IMF components can be used to eliminate the effect of the noise for speech enhancement. Experimental results show that the proposed speech enhancement by de-noising algorithm is possible to achieve an excellent balance between suppresses noise effectively and preserves as many target characteristics of original signal as possible.

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Pörschmann, Christoph, Stephan Großarth, Johannes M. Arend, Sebastian Schmitter, Dirk Schreckenberg, and Klaus Wunder. "Amplitude modulations increase annoyance due to wind turbine noise immission." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4048–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2589.

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Current literature suggests that annoyance of wind turbine noise is strongly affected by amplitude modulations (AM). A survey was carried out at five German residential study sites near wind turbines with a total of about 500 residents to study the effects of AM in more detail. Annoyance, disturbances, and the perception of wind turbine noise characteristics, including AM, were assessed. For each participant, address-related exposure to rating levels of wind turbines was estimated. Further, we carried out headphone-based listening experiments with participants from three of the five study areas and with non-exposed participants from another 'control' location. In the listening experiments, perceived annoyance was rated for varying AM and for different A-weighted sound pressure levels for a total number of 79 subjects. As expected, the results show an increase in annoyance with sound pressure level. Furthermore, annoyance increased significantly with the extent of amplitude modulations. Interestingly, annoyance showed a strong rise as soon as amplitude modulations became audible in the signal and this rise was hardly affected by the sound pressure level. In our contribution, we present comparisons of the results of the survey and the listening experiments.

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Burkhart, C., M. F. Coupry, and C. van't Veer. "A New Look at the Am Stars." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 132 (1988): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090003535x.

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High resolution, high signal-to-noise observations are required for a better understanding of the Am stars and related topics. Two examples are shown : the relationship between lithium content and temperature in the Am stars of the Hyades cluster and the observational problem induced by multiple spectroscopic binarity frequent among the Am stars.

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Kamble, Rahul K. "Traffic Intersections Noise Levels and Daily Noise Exposure in Chandrapur City, Central India." Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2019.3.3.80-92.

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Noise level monitoring was carried out at nine important traffic intersections of the Chandrapur city to ascertain noise levels and daily noise exposure. A pre-calibrated mini sound level meter was used for noise measurement. Observations were recorded for 24 hours and noise level during the day, night and for 24-hours was computed. Maximum noise level during daytime was 84.27 dB(A) at Bangali camp square; whereas, minimum 79.23 dB(A) at Priyadarshani square. In case of nighttime maximum 85.90 dB(A) was at Warora naka square and minimum 70.06 dB(A) at the Jatpura gate. Minimum noise level during 24-hours was at Bagla square 84.34 dB(A) and maximum 91.14 dB(A) at Warora naka square. Noise level during day and night were above the Indian noise standard for the commercial area. The Bangali camp square was identified as the most ear-splitting square during daytime and Warora naka square at nighttime and for 24-hours also. Peak noise was recorded from 10.00 am to 11.00 am and 3.00 pm to 7.00 pm. Vehicular noise, horns, and improper road design contributed significantly to noise levels at traffic intersections. Daily noise exposure analysis by Health and Safety Executive, UK software revealed Bangali camp square and Ramnagar police station square’s daily noise exposure for 0.25 hour was maximum 70 LEP,d and minimum at Gandhi square and Bagla square 65 LEP,d. Noise levels indicated no immediate effect for hearing loss. Control measures for reduction of noise levels at traffic intersections have also been proposed.

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Zannin, Paulo Henrique Trombetta, Ferdinado Quadros, Felipe Luz De Oliveira, and Eriberto Oliveira Do Nascimento. "Evaluation of Environmental Noise Generated by Household Waste Collection Trucks." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 20, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333218500102.

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This paper discusses a specific source of noise, which is generated by household waste collection trucks. Two areas in the city of Curitiba were chosen for evaluation, one of them a densely populated residential neighborhood and the other in downtown Curitiba. A noise map was created for each area. The evaluation, which was carried out in the daytime in the residential area and at night in the downtown area, revealed noise levels exceeding the limits established by Curitiba Municipal Law No. 10625. The regular use of utility vehicles that generate high noise levels, such as garbage trucks, during nighttime hours in residential areas is thus not sustainable from the standpoint of noise protection laws. Nighttime hours in Curitiba are 10[Formula: see text]pm to 7[Formula: see text]am, but nighttime garbage collection begins at 7[Formula: see text]pm and goes on until 4[Formula: see text]am. Therefore, changes in this schedule are advisable, given the noise impact caused by garbage collection trucks.

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Maslowski, Bohdan, and Jana Šnupárková. "Stochastic affine evolution equations with multiplicative fractional noise." Applications of Mathematics 63, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/am.2018.0036-17.

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Howe, D. A., and J. R. Ostrick. "100-GHz cooled amplifier residual pm and am noise measurements, noise figure, and jitter calculations." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 51, no. 11 (November 2003): 2235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2003.818934.

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Southall, Brandon L., James J. Finneran, Colleen Reichmuth, Paul E. Nachtigall, Darlene R. Ketten, Ann E. Bowles, William T. Ellison, Douglas P. Nowacek, and Peter L. Tyack. "Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Updated Scientific Recommendations for Residual Hearing Effects." Aquatic Mammals 45, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 125–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.45.2.2019.125.

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Salje, E. K. H., G. I. Lampronti, D. E. Soto-Parra, J. Baro, A. Planes, and E. Vives. "Noise of collapsing minerals: Predictability of the compressional failure in goethite mines." American Mineralogist 98, no. 4 (March 28, 2013): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4319.

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Iwueze, I. S., C. O. Arimie, H. C. Iwu, and E. Onyemachi. "Some Applications of Higher Moments of the Linear Gaussian White Noise Process." Applied Mathematics 08, no. 12 (2017): 1918–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2017.812136.

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Fujimoto, Mitoshi, Taketo Matsuoka, Toshikazu Hori, Takanobu Tabata, and Satoshi Hori. "Inverter noise canceller for AM radio reception using PI algorithm." IEICE Communications Express 1, no. 6 (2012): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/comex.1.234.

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KIMURA, Kento, Aravind THARAYIL NARAYANAN, Kenichi OKADA, and Akira MATSUZAWA. "An AM-PM Noise Mitigation Technique in Class-C VCO." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E98.C, no. 12 (2015): 1161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e98.c.1161.

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Larsson, Stefan, and Bengt Larsson. "Resolved Shot Noise in the AM Her System V834 Cen." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 151 (1995): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100035247.

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Cataclysmic variables of the AM Her type are close binary systems with accretion onto a highly magnetic (a few times 107 G) white dwarf. In these systems the magnetic field is strong enough to prevent the formation of an accretion disc. The accretion flow is instead funneled directly onto the polar caps where the plasma is shocked and radiates intense optical cyclotron radiation as well as bremsstrahlung at X-ray energies. The cyclotron radiation component, which dominates in the optical, is highly polarized (5-35%). The cyclotron emission exhibits intensity variations on a large range of time scales. This include quasi-periodic oscillations, flickering and long term changes between brightness states. The observed source intensity is also modulated by the white dwarf rotation which is synchronized with the orbital period (101 min for V834 Cen). The flickering is believed to be due to inhomogeneities in the accretion flow. These could either be density variations in a continous flow or it could be in the form of independent blobs accreting over the polar cap region. As blobs hit the white dwarf surface and radiate their accretion energy they should be seen as shot noise. For a theoretical discussion of the fate of such blobs see Frank et al. (1988). A modeling of the optical variability in AM Herculis, in terms of a shot noise process was made already by Panek (1980). It was found that a consistent model could be constructed by randomly occurring 708 – 908 rectangular shots, with on the average a few overlapping shots. The power spectrum had a v−2 shape above 0.02 Hz as expected, although it is not clear whether a break in the slope of the power spectrum was actually seen around 0.01 Hz. The shot overlap meant that individual shots could not be resolved directly in the light curve. This limits the precision and uniqueness by which shot parameters can be determined. However, in our observational data of AM Her objects we have found occasions when the character of the flickering has changed to become much more “flarelike”, suggesting that individual shots might be seen in these cases. This change is also associated with a change in the shape of the power spectrum, in particular a higher power level and a steepening at the high frequency end. Most importantly, there is a distinct break in the power spectra around 0.03 Hz, indicative of a characteristic time scale in the flickering noise. In addition to a power spectrum analysis we have also made a direct modeling of individual flares in the light curve. The distribution and correlations of the fitted pulse parameters were studied and compared with simulated data. The primary aim was to investigate whether the flares are really individual shots or produced by a random superposition of more frequent smaller amplitude shots.

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40

Jelicic, B. D., and S. Roy. "Design of AM-TCM schemes for the impulse noise environment." IEEE Transactions on Communications 44, no. 10 (1996): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.539757.

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Nelson, L. M., C. W. Nelson, and F. L. Walls. "Relationship of AM to PM noise in selected RF oscillators." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 41, no. 5 (September 1994): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/58.308503.

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42

LinLin Li. "AM noise enhancement in a semiconductor laser with electrical feedback." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 27, no. 2 (1991): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.78218.

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43

Rubiola, E., V. Giordano, and J. Groslambert. "Double correlating interferometer scheme for measuring PM and AM noise." Electronics Letters 34, no. 1 (1998): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19980129.

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Geçki̇ni̇, Nezih C., Tülay Güngen, Hilmi Güngen, and Mehmet Eti̇şkol. "Speech synthesis using AM/FM sinusoids and band-pass noise." Signal Processing 8, no. 3 (June 1985): 339–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1684(85)90111-2.

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Bismayer, Ulrich. "Early warning signs for mining accidents: Detecting crackling noise." American Mineralogist 102, no. 1 (January 2017): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5969.

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Southall, Brandon L., James J. Finneran, Colleen Reichmuth, Paul E. Nachtigall, Darlene R. Ketten, Ann E. Bowles, William T. Ellison, Douglas P. Nowacek, and Peter L. Tyack. "Errata: Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Updated Scientific Recommendations for Residual Hearing Effects." Aquatic Mammals 45, no. 5 (September 15, 2019): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.45.5.2019.569.

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Every, Arthur, Laurent Aebi, and Jurg Dual. "Analysis of Ringing and Noise in FE and FDTD Calculated Acoustic Pulse Profiles." Applied Mathematics 03, no. 10 (2012): 1351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.330191.

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Suh, Inwon, and Patrick Roblin. "Model Comparison for $1/f$ Noise in Oscillators With and Without AM to PM Noise Conversion." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 59, no. 12 (December 2011): 3129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2011.2170086.

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Goeren, Danielle, Sherley John, Katie Meskill, Laura Iacono, Stacy Wahl, and Kerri Scanlon. "Quiet Time: A Noise Reduction Initiative in a Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit." Critical Care Nurse 38, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2018219.

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BACKGROUND High noise levels in intensive care units are common. Increased noise levels can lead to sleep deprivation, increased pain perception, and delirium. The most common cause of reducible noise in intensive care units often is attributed to staff conversations. OBJECTIVES In January 2015, the neurosurgical intensive care unit staff identified noise as a problem, referencing complaints from other disciplines and family members. Quiet times from 3 am to 5 am and from 3 pm to 5 pm were agreed upon. An improvement plan was developed with a goal to decrease noise levels by 10 decibels in 6 months. METHODS Using a decibel meter, noise data were collected in 4 locations every 30 minutes during the chosen times for 8 days. Quiet time was implemented 1 week after staff, patient, and family education was completed. Decibel data were collected and evaluated after 60 days. RESULTS There were statistically significant reductions in noise levels at nurses’ station left (P = .04) and the bed 9 entrance (P = .02). Noise levels were lower, but not significantly so, for nurses’ station right (P = .12) and the bed 4 entrance (P = .06). Noise levels during quiet time decreased to an average of 10 to 15 decibels lower than baseline data. CONCLUSIONS Sharing baseline data was effective to heighten noise awareness. During quiet time, limiting conversations, eliminating environmental noise, and dimming the lights as a reminder to be quiet are 3 simple strategies that can be implemented to lessen noise.

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Jang, Jiwook, and Genyuan Fu. "Measuring Tail Dependence for Aggregate Collateral Losses Using Bivariate Compound Shot-Noise Cox Process." Applied Mathematics 03, no. 12 (2012): 2191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2012.312a300.

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Journal articles on the topic 'AM noise'

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