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Journal articles on the topic 'Alzheimer's disease – Diagnosis'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Sianturi, Aditya Gloria Monalisa. "Stadium, Diagnosis, dan Tatalaksana Penyakit Alzheimer." Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia 2, no. 2 (October 25, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47679/makein.202132.

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Dementia is a general term for loss of memory that can occur along with behavioral or psychological symptoms in patients. The first cause of dementia patients is Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a brain degenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia. In Alzheimer’s disease, there are three development stages, which is stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 with different clinical symptoms at each stage. There are several clinical criteria for establishing a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and also support examinations have to be carried out. Until now, Alzheimer’s treatment has not been cured. Giving some pharmacotherapy only to reduce the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Demensia merupakan hilangnya ingatan yang bisa timbul bersama dengan gejala gangguan perilaku maupun psikologis pada seseorang. Penyebab pertama penderita demensia adalah penyakit Alzheimer. Penyakit Alzheimer adalah penyakit degeneratif otak dan penyebab paling umum dari demensia. Pada penyakit Alzheimer terdapat beberapa stadium perkembangan penyakit Alzheimer yaitu stadium 1, stadium 2, dan stadium 3 dengan gejala klinik yang berbeda di setiap stadium. Terdapat beberapa kriteria klinis dalam penegakan diagnosis definitif penyakit Alzheimer serta harus dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang. Pada tatalaksana penyakit Alzheimer hingga saat ini memang belum dapat disembuhkan, Pemberian obat-obatan hanya untuk mengurangi progresifitas penyakit Alzheimer.

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2

Dinsmore, Steven T. "Alzheimer's disease diagnosis." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 99, no. 9_suppl (September 1, 1999): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.1999.99.9.s1.

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3

Zarrouk, Amira, Meryam Debbabi, Maryem Bezine, El Mostafa Karym, Asmaa Badreddine, Olivier Rouaud, Thibault Moreau, et al. "Lipid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease." Current Alzheimer Research 15, no. 4 (February 22, 2018): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170505101426.

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Background: There are now significant evidences that lipid metabolism is affected in numerous neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. These dysfunctions lead to abnormal levels of certain lipids in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. It is consequently of interest to establish lipid profiles in neurodegenerative diseases. This approach, which can contribute to identify lipid biomarkers of Alzheimers' disease, can also permit to identify new therapeutic targets. It was therefore of interest to focus on central and peripheral biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Methods: A review of the literature on 148 papers was conducted. Based on this literature, the involvement of lipids (cholesterol and oxysterols, fatty acids, phospholipids) in Alzheimer's disease has been proposed. Results: Of the 148 references cited for lipid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, 65 refer to cholesterol and oxysterols, 35 to fatty acids and 40 to phospholipids. Among these lipids, some of them such as 24S-hydroxyckolesterol, open up new therapeutic perspectives in gene therapy, in particular. The results on the very long-chain fatty acids suggest the potential of peroxisomal dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease. As for the phospholipids, they could constitute interesting biomarkers for detecting the disease at the prodromal stage. Conclusion: There are now several lines of evidence that lipids play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of AD and that some of them have a prognostic and diagnosis value. This may pave the way for the identification of new therapeutic targets, new effective drugs and / or new treatments.

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4

Ashford, J. Wesson, Frederick A. Schmitt, and Vinod Kumar. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." Psychiatric Annals 26, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19960501-06.

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5

Reisberg, Barry, and Alistair Burns. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." International Psychogeriatrics 9, S1 (December 1997): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297004651.

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This issue on the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the product of a special meeting of the International Psychogeriatric Association with the cosponsorship of Alzheimer's Disease International, the European Federation of Neurological Societies, the World Health Organization, and the World Psychiatric Association. The meeting was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from November 10 to 12, 1996. Participants included many of the leading experts on the various aspects of AD diagnosis as well as clinical experts, general experts in the field of AD, organizational representatives, and outstanding clinician-scientists who served as facilitators and in other capacities.

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6

Lindley, R. I., and M. S. Dennis. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." BMJ 302, no. 6767 (January 5, 1991): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6767.47-b.

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7

Manning, F. C. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." BMJ 302, no. 6767 (January 5, 1991): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6767.47-c.

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8

Byrne, E. J. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." BMJ 302, no. 6767 (January 5, 1991): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6767.48.

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9

Tozer, R. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." BMJ 302, no. 6767 (January 5, 1991): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6767.48-a.

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10

Wald, N., C. Parkes, and A. D. Smith. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." BMJ 302, no. 6771 (February 2, 1991): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6771.292-b.

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11

Burns, A., R. Levy, and R. Jacoby. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." BMJ 302, no. 6773 (February 16, 1991): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6773.412.

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12

Khachaturian, Z. S. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." Archives of Neurology 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1985.04060100083029.

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13

Shahzadi, Maria, Bareera Saeed, Muhammad Azzam Khan, Amna Rashid, Muhammad Bilal, Roma Imtiaz, and Tallat Anwar Faridi. "A Review on the Techniques for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 03 (September 15, 2022): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0603228.

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Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological condition in which there is rapid deterioration of the brain and it affects around 50 million people globally. The most obvious sign of Alzheimer’s is dementia which is primarily an affliction of old age. Majority of the people presenting with dementia in old age are Alzheimer’s patients. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are debilitating and have the ability to utterly disrupt a person's normal life. It is only discovered after this terrible disease has destroyed all neurons, thus there is little chance to cure it or reverse the adverse effects. There are two types of techniques for detecting Alzheimer's disease: invasive and non-invasive techniques. Invasive method obtains data from the patient bydrawing a small amount of blood or performing a lumbar puncture, whereas noninvasive method collects data using imaging techniques like MRI and CT scan. Invasive technique, on the other hand, is thought to be a more accurate indicator of Alzheimer's disease than non-invasive technique since it provides strong biomarkers. Once Alzheimer's disease has progressed to its final stage, it is incurable. Treatment is only viable when the disease is in its initial stages. Future treatments for Alzheimer's disease will focus on the causative maladies of neurofibrillary tangles (ptau) and senile plaques (A). The pathological traits connected to debilitating disease, special protein, b proteins, are critical for future therapeutics

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14

Koberskaya, N. N. "Alzheimer's disease." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 11, no. 3S (June 24, 2019): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2019-3s-52-60.

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Despite progress made in laboratory methods, genetic studies, and modern neuroimaging, the diagnosis of diseases that cause dementia makes difficulties. The review presents an update on the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It discusses the issues of symptomatic and pathogenetic treatments and combination therapy for AD. The efficacy of memantine (akatinol memantine) and the expediency of its use at different stages of the disease in patients with AD are noted. Non-pharmacological treatments for this disease, including physical activity and cognitive training, are considered.

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15

Appel, Jason, Elizabeth Potter, Qian Shen, Gustavo Pantol, Maria T. Greig, David Loewenstein, and Ranjan Duara. "A Comparative Analysis of Structural Brain MRI in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease." Behavioural Neurology 21, no. 1-2 (2009): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/103123.

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Dementia is a debilitating and life-altering disease which leads to both memory impairment and decline of normal executive functioning. While causes of dementia are numerous and varied, the leading cause among patients 60 years and older is Alzheimer’s disease. The gold standard for Alzheimer’s diagnosis remains histological identification of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles within the medial temporal lobe, more specifically the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Although no definitive cure for Alzheimer's disease currently exists, there are treatments targeted at preserving cognition and memory while delaying continued loss of function. Alzheimer's disease exists along a spectrum of cognitive decline and is often preceded by Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Patients with MCI demonstrate memory loss and cognitive impairment while still continuing normal activities of daily living, and are considered to be at increased risk for developing Alzheimer's Dementia. Identifying patients with prodromal states of Alzheimer's dementia such as MCI may allow initiation of appropriate treatment planning and delay of cognitive decline. Therefore, the need for a non-invasive early biomarker for the detection of Alzheimer's disease has never been greater. Multiple neuroimaging methods utilizing visual rating scales, volumetric measurements, and automated methods have been developed to identify, quantify, and track anatomic sequelae of Alzheimer’s Disease.

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16

Villareal, Dennis T., and John C. Morris. "The Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease*." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 1, no. 4-5 (July 1, 1999): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-1999-14-506.

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17

Murman, Daniel L. "Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 9, no. 2 (March 2001): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019442-200105000-00011.

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18

O'Broin, Kate. "Alzheimer's disease: The diagnosis dilemma." Practice Nursing 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2001): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2001.12.5.201.

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19

Brown, D. J. "EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE." Brain 123, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 2567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/123.12.2567.

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20

Burns, Alistair. "Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2, no. 4 (1991): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000107199.

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21

Geldmacher, D. S., and P. J. Whitehouse. "Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." Neurology 48, Issue 5, Supplement 6 (May 1, 1997): 2S—9S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.48.5_suppl_6.2s.

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22

Trojanowski, J. Q., and M. L. Schmidt. "Pathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." Neurology 38, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.38.10.1660.

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23

Lewis, A. J., M. C. Tierney, R. H. Fisher, M. L. Zorzitto, W. G. Snow, D. W. Reid, and P. Nieuwstraten. "Pathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." Neurology 38, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.38.10.1660-a.

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24

Jellinger, K. A. "Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." European Journal of Neurology 9, no. 2 (March 2002): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.0329b.x.

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25

Weiner, Myron F. "Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment." Harvard Review of Psychiatry 4, no. 6 (January 1997): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10673229709030558.

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26

Klatka, Lisa A. "Incorrect Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." Archives of Neurology 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1996.00550010045015.

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27

Dickson, D. W. "Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." Archives of Neurology 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 1655—a—1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.57.11.1655-a.

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28

Mulder, Cees, Philip Scheltens, Lars-Olof Wahlund, P. Dick Bezemer, C. Erik Hack, Mari E. Blomberg, and Gerard J. Kamp. "Biochemical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." Neurobiology of Aging 21 (May 2000): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(00)82772-4.

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29

Gottfries, C. G. "The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." European Neuropsychopharmacology 3, no. 3 (September 1993): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-977x(93)90004-6.

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30

Small, Gary. "Early diagnosis of alzheimer's disease." New Directions for Mental Health Services 24, no. 76 (1997): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yd.2330247605.

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31

Swakowska, Katarzyna, and Anna Staniszewska. "Alzheimer's disease: classification and diagnosis criteria." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2021.11.07.002.

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In recent years, the intensity of population aging has increased and the incidence of senile diseases, including dementia, has significantly increased. With the aging of populations in Europe, knowledge about the detection and diagnosis of dementia has increased in the last decade. Due to the increase in the number of patients, new therapies and precise diagnostic criteria have been introduced, contributing to faster diagnosis of the disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the biggest cause of dementia in old age. It is characterized by progressive cognitive deficits, especially memory, and disorders such as: apathy, agitation and psychotic symptoms. Alzhaimer's disease is a degenerative brain disease caused by the deposition of pathological B-amyloid protein tau and alpha-synuclein in the brain, causing atrophy of neurons and their connections. The basis for diagnosis of dementia in the course of Alzheimer's disease are ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria. The clinical course and symptoms in the course of AD are defined by the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), the scale also determines the stage of the disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs and memantine are used to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Prompt diagnosis and treatment significantly delays the progression of the disease and helps to prolong normal functioning of the patient.

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32

Förstl, Hans, Alistair Burns, Phil Luthert, Nigel Cairns, and Raymond Levy. "The Lewy-Body Variant of Alzheimer's Disease." British Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 3 (March 1993): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.3.385.

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At post-mortem, Lewy bodies (LBs) were found in the brainstem and neocortex of eight out of 65 patients who had been collected during a prospective long-term study on clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease. All eight patients had accompanying Alzheimer pathology which was less severe than in a sample of eight age and sex-matched patients from the same study with neuropathologically verified Alzheimer's disease. Parkinsonian features were more common in patients with LBs. There were no particular differences in duration of illness, severity of cognitive impairment, presence of hallucinations, or fluctuations in the course of illness. Frontal cerebral atrophy was more marked in patients with LBs, as was the loss of neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert and the substantia nigra. Cognitive performance correlated with the number of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra. We conclude that the differential diagnosis of LB dementia should be considered in patients satisfying NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer-type dementia who show marked Parkinsonian features and a frontal accentuation of cerebral atrophy.

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33

Storey, Elsdon, Glynda J. Kinsella, and Melissa J. Slavin. "The neuropsychological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 3, no. 3 (May 28, 2001): 261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-2001-3302.

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34

Hier, Daniel B. "Alzheimer's Disease: Biology, Diagnosis and Therapeutics." Annals of Internal Medicine 128, no. 3 (February 1, 1998): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-3-199802010-00025.

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35

Anoop, A., Pradeep K. Singh, Reeba S. Jacob, and Samir K. Maji. "CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/606802.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that affects several million people worldwide. The major neuropathological hallmarks of AD are the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques that are composed of Aβ40 and Aβ42 and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), which is composed of hyperphosphorylated protein Tau. While the amyloid plaques and NFT could define the disease progression involving neuronal loss and dysfunction, significant cognitive decline occurs before their appearance. Although significant advances in neuroimaging techniques provide the structure and physiology of brain of AD cases, the biomarker studies based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma represent the most direct and convenient means to study the disease progression. Biomarkers are useful in detecting the preclinical as well as symptomatic stages of AD. In this paper, we discuss the recent advancements of various biomarkers with particular emphasis on CSF biomarkers for monitoring the early development of AD before significant cognitive dysfunction.

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36

Desai, A. K., and G. T. Grossberg. "Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease." Neurology 64, Issue 12, Supplement 3 (June 27, 2005): S34—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.64.12_suppl_3.s34.

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37

Kukull, W. A., E. B. Larson, B. V. Reifler, T. H. Lampe, M. Yerby, and J. Hughes. "Interrater reliability of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis." Neurology 40, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.40.2.257.

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38

Gauthier, Serge, Yves Robitaille, Remi Quirion, and Richard Leblanc. "Antemortem laboratory diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 10, no. 3-5 (January 1986): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(86)90013-8.

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39

Burns, A., R. Levy, and R. Jacoby. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Authors' reply." BMJ 302, no. 6767 (January 5, 1991): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6767.48-b.

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40

Enserink, M. "NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE: First Alzheimer's Diagnosis Confirmed." Science 279, no. 5359 (March 27, 1998): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5359.2037.

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41

Wade, J. P. H., T. R. Mirsen, V. C. Hachinski, M. Fisman, C. Lau, and H. Merskey. "The Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease." Archives of Neurology 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1987.00520130016010.

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42

Korczyn, Amos D. "Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD)." European Neuropsychopharmacology 4, no. 3 (September 1994): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-977x(94)90065-5.

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43

Bansal, Sandeep, Rodney Walker, and Zuzana Walker. "Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease." Prescriber 24, no. 17 (September 5, 2013): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psb.1094.

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44

Drzezga, Alexander. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease with [18F]PET in Mild and Asymptomatic Stages." Behavioural Neurology 21, no. 1-2 (2009): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/276026.

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With longer life expectancy, dementia based on the age-related Alzheimers’ disease (AD) has turned into one of the most prevalent disorders of older age, representing a serious medical and socio-economic issue. There has been growing interest in early diagnosis of this disease, particularly regarding the initiation of new treatment strategies ahead of the onset of irreversible neuronal damage. It is accepted that the pathologic changes underlying AD appear in the brain years to decades before the symptomatic stages. Consequently, clinical measures of cognitive impairment, as used for definition of dementia, will not allow early diagnosis of AD-pathology in the mild or asymptomatic stages. Thus, a need for complementary sensitive biomarkers is apparent. Brain imaging markers are among the most promising candidates for this diagnostic challenge. Particularly, [18F]FDG PET as a marker of regional neuronal function has been demonstrated to represent a most sensitive and specific method for early identification of AD-pathology and thus for prediction of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), even in the mild and asymptomatic stages. Currently, systematic data of comparable quality are hardly available for any other imaging procedure. The purpose of this article is to describe the typical findings of [18F]FDG PET in different stages of AD and to demonstrate its value for early and reliable diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, particularly ahead of the stage of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type.

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45

Roland, Joshua. "Insomnia in Alzheimer’s Disease." Journal of Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine 7, no. 5 (November 19, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/acim-7562/100199.

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Emerging data have suggested lack of sleep as being a possible contributor to the development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, placing insomnia as a prospective target to positively impact underlying disease progression. Diagnosis and treatment of insomnia can be a challenge in general, with even more complexities occurring in the population of Alzheimer's disease. Treatment data is overall limited. However, multiple non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions are available for consideration for management

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46

Lobzin, V. Yu, D. S. Maltsev, E. S. Strumentova, M. A. Burnasheva, and S. S. Cheremisin. "Ophthalmological markers of Alzheimer's disease." Medical alphabet, no. 1 (March 3, 2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2022-1-47-53.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease-causing dementia. The severity of symptoms determines the diagnosis of AD, although an accurate diagnosis can only be made postmortem. Neuropsychological testing is the «gold standard» for early diagnosis of AD, but is time-consuming, does not allow a complete diagnosis with complete accuracy, is highly dependent on the correctness of the tests, and is rather an adjunct to the examination of the patient. Lumbar puncture and positron emission tomography are not available for routine screening of the population. Because the eye is an extension of the central nervous system, the study of its changes may lead to the development of a number of non-invasive differential diagnostic tests to identify patients with AD at an early stage. In recent years, the advent of quantifiable high-resolution imaging techniques that are non-invasive, rapid, and widely available has opened up a new field of ocular-neural imaging. In this paper, we review current foreign and domestic studies of some ocular biomarkers and the methods that could potentially be used in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

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47

Besson, J. A. O., J. R. Crawford, D. M. Parker, K. P. Ebmeier, P. V. Best, H. G. Gemmell, P. F. Sharp, and F. W. Smith. "Multimodal Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 2 (August 1990): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.2.216.

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Patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease were studied using MRI, SPECT, and psychometric tests. Significant correlations between focal perfusion deficits and focal cognitive deficits were found. Significant correlations between regional relaxation time of white matter and psychometric tests of diffuse and focal categories were also found. Pathological examination confirmed Alzheimer's disease as the only diagnosis.

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48

Et. al., G. Stalin Babu,. "Exploiting of Classification Paradigms for Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.345.

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Alzheimer’s disorder is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that ordinarily affects the aged population. Coherent automated assessment methods are essential for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis in early from distinct images modalities using Machine Learning. This article focuses on exploring various feature extraction and classification methods for early detection of AD proposed by researchers and proposes a modern predictive model that includes Voxel based Texture analysis of brain images for extract features and Optimized Classifier Deep Convolution Neural Network (DCNN) employed for enhance accuracy.

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49

Rao, Dr CH Dhanunjaya, G. Hari Charan, G. Mounika, K. Kavya Sri, P. Naveen Kumar Reddy, and S. Leela Rama Krishna. "Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease using Machine Learning Algorithms." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 1581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44978.

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Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and is considered to be the main cause of cognitive impairment in elderly people. It is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions and causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and worsen over time Symptoms may become severe enough to interfere with daily life, and lead to death. In 2022, 55 million people worldwide suffered from this disease. AD is predicted to affect 1 in 85 people globally by 2050, and at least 43% of prevalent cases need a high level of care. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) give datasets that can be utilized for different Alzheimer's Disease related examinations. The dataset consists of a longitudinal MRI data of 150 subjects aged 60 to 96.72 of the subjects were grouped as 'Nondemented' throughout the study.64 of the subjects were grouped as 'Demented' at the time of their initial visits and remained so throughout the study.14 subjects were grouped as 'Nondemented' at the time of their initial visit and were subsequently characterized as 'Demented' at a later visit. These fall under the 'Converted' category. In our project, we propose some machine learning models to detect the Alzheimer's disease in earlier stage by finding the accuracy levels and determining the attributes that helps us to find the maximum accuracy rate.

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Tolibov, Dilshod Sirojovich, Rushana Abubakirovna Salimova, and Jamoliddin Muxiddin-O’g’li Sharafiddinov. "OPTIMIZATION OF APPROACHES TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S TYPE DEMENTIA AT THE OUTPATIENT LEVEL." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 04, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume04issue04-08.

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Abstract:

In most cases, the cause of dementia in the elderly is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the study is to study patients at an early stage of Alzheimer's type dementia at the outpatient level using the methods of the general cognitive decline - Reisberg scale, the short mental status assessment scale - MMSE test, the dementia stages scale – CDR. It is expected that about 30 patients with clinical and neurological diseases will be examined in the outpatient department. People with AD may experience various problems, ranging from remembering many recent events to the names of people they know. The problem of early diagnosis of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease has extreme medical and social significance due to the significant frequency and high percentage of their development.

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