Journal articles on the topic 'Alveolar bone defect'
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Ellapakurthi, Padminii, and Gotike Siva Prasad Reddy. "The effectiveness of mineralized plasmatic matrix in the closure of alveolar clefts with volumetric assessment." Regenerative Medicine Research 9 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rmr/210004.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of mineralized plasmatic matrix in the soft tissue closure of naso-alveolar fistula, to estimate the postoperative bone fill and volume of the graft placed in the alveolar cleft defect using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at 3rd- month and 6th- month. Material and methods: 10 patients, in the age group of 15‑30 years were included in this study. They were diagnosed with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus defects with or without a cleft palate requiring late secondary alveolar bone grafting. Alveolar cleft defects were closed with mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM), a combination of autogenous iliac bone graft and platelet rich plasma (PRP) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Results: The mean defect volume pre-operatively is 0.75 cm3 and at the end of 3rd-month postoperatively is 0.51 cm3 and at 6th-month postoperatively is 0.27 cm3. The average percentage of bone fill between preoperative (A) & 3th- month postoperatively (B) is 33.4% and between 3rd-month (B) and 6th-month post operatively (C) is 49.5%. Conclusions: Utilization of this new matrix (MPM), has shown to be effective in the closure of the cleft defect, oro-nasal fistula and also reduction in the volume of the residual cleft defect seen with sequential cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs.
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Madi, Marwa, Osama Zakaria, and Shohei Kasugai. "Coated vs Uncoated Implants: Bone Defect Configurations After Progressive Peri-implantitis in Dogs." Journal of Oral Implantology 40, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-12-00089.
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In this study, hydroxyapatite coated vs uncoated implants were used to evaluate the type and dimensions of bone defects after progressive peri-implantitis in dogs. Thirty-two dental implants with 4 different surfaces—machined (M), sandblasted acid-etched (SA), 1-μm thin sputter hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated (S), and plasma-sprayed HA-coated (P)—were inserted into the mandibles of 4 beagle dogs after extracting all mandibular premolars. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced after 3 months using ligature to allow for plaque accumulation. After 4 months, ligatures were removed and plaque accumulation continued for 5 months (progression period). The open flap surgery demonstrated 3 patterns of peri-implantitis bone defect: (1) Class I defect: represented as circumferential intra-alveolar bone loss; (2) Class II defect: circumferential intra-alveolar defect with supra-alveolar bone loss exposing the implant surface; and (3) Class III defect: represented as circumferential intra-alveolar defect with supra-alveolar bone loss and buccal dehiscence. Class I was the most frequent (62.5%) defect pattern around implant types M, SA, and S; while implant type-P showed a recurring majority of Class II (62.5%). Comparison among the 4 implant groups revealed a significant defect width (DW) in implant type-P relative to other types (P < 0.01). However, no statistically significant differences were noted for defect depth (DD) (P > 0.05). We concluded that the shape and size of peri-implantitis bone defects were influenced by the type and thickness of the HA coat together with the quantity of the available peri-implant bone. Plasma-sprayed HA-coated implants showed larger peri-implant defects than did thin sputter HA-coated implants.
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Yang, Yang, Bo Zhang, Yufan Yang, Bibo Peng, and Rui Ye. "PLGA Containing Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Accelerates the Repair of Alveolar Bone Defects via Transfer of CGRP." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (June 11, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4815284.
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Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an important neuropeptide expressed in the nerve fibers during bone repair. Here, we aimed to pinpoint the role of CGRP in the osteogenic differentiation property of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and the resultant repair of alveolar bone defect. The key factor related to the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was retrieved from the GEO database. After extraction from hADSCs (hADSC-EVs) and identification, EVs were subjected to coculture with hPDLSCs, in which the expression patterns of CGRP and osteogenic differentiation marker proteins (ALP, RUNX2, and OCN), as well as ALP activity, were detected. A novel cell-free tissue-engineered bone (TEB) comprised of PLGA/pDA and hADSC-EVs was implanted into the rats with alveolar bone defects to evaluate the repair of alveolar bone defects. CGRP was enriched in hADSC-EVs. hADSCs delivered CGRP to hPDLSCs through EVs, thereby promoting the osteogenic differentiation potential of hPDLSCs. The PLGA/pDA-EV scaffold released EVs slowly, and its implantation into the rat alveolar bone defect area significantly induced bone defect repair, which was reversed by further knockdown of CGRP. In conclusion, our newly discovered cell-free system consisted of hADSC-EVs, and PLGA/pDA scaffold shows promising function in repairing alveolar bone defects.
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Liu, Yanan, Haifeng Wang, Huixin Dou, Bin Tian, Le Li, Luyuan Jin, Zhenting Zhang, and Lei Hu. "Bone regeneration capacities of alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells sheet in rabbit calvarial bone defect." Journal of Tissue Engineering 11 (January 2020): 204173142093037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731420930379.
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Mesenchymal stem cells sheets have been verified as a promising non-scaffold strategy for bone regeneration. Alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, derived from neural crest, have the character of easily obtained and strong multi-differential potential. However, the bone regenerative features of alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheets in the craniofacial region remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to compare the osteogenic differentiation and bone defect repairment characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheets derived from alveolar bone (alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) and iliac bone (Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) in vitro and in vivo. Histology character, osteogenic differentiation, and osteogenic gene expression of human alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were compared in vitro. The cell sheets were implanted in rabbit calvarial defects to evaluate tissue regeneration characteristics. Integrated bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the specific gene and pathways expression profile of alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Our results showed that alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had higher osteogenic differentiation than Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Although no obvious differences were found in the histological structure, fibronectin and integrin β1 expression between them, alveolar-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet exhibited higher mineral deposition and expression levels of osteogenic marker genes. After being transplanted in the rabbit calvarial defects area, the results showed that greater bone volume and trabecular thickness regeneration were found in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet group compared to Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Finally, datasets of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (another neural crest derived mesenchymal stem cells) versus umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were analyzed. Total 71 differential genes were identified by overlap between the 2 datasets. Homeobox genes, such as LHX8, MKX, PAX9, MSX, and HOX, were identified as the most significantly changed and would be potential specific genes in neural crest mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, the Al-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet-based tissue regeneration appears to be a promising strategy for craniofacial defect repair in future clinical applications.
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Chou, Pang-Yun, Rafael Denadai, Rami R. Hallac, Sarayuth Dumrongwongsiri, Wei-Chuan Hsieh, Betty CJ Pai, and Lun-Jou Lo. "Comparative Volume Analysis of Alveolar Defects by 3D Simulation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091401.
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A precise volumetric assessment of maxillary alveolar defects in patients with cleft lip and palate can reduce donor site morbidity or allow accurate preparation of bone substitutes in future applications. However, there is a lack of agreement regarding the optimal volumetric technique to adopt. This study measured the alveolar bone defects by using two cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based surgical simulation methods. Presurgical CBCT scans from 32 patients with unilateral or bilateral clefts undergoing alveolar bone graft surgery were analyzed. Two hands-on CBCT-based volumetric measurement methods were compared: the 3D real-scale printed model-based surgical method and the virtual surgical method. Different densities of CBCT were compared. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was assessed. For patients with unilateral clefts, the average alveolar defect volumes were 1.09 ± 0.24 and 1.09 ± 0.25 mL (p > 0.05) for 3D printing- and virtual-based models, respectively; for patients with bilateral clefts, they were 2.05 ± 0.22 and 2.02 ± 0.27 mL (p > 0.05), respectively. Bland–Altman analysis revealed that the methods were equivalent for unilateral and bilateral alveolar cleft defect assessment. No significant differences or linear relationships were observed between adjacent different densities of CBCT for model production to obtain the measured volumes. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.6) for all measurements. This study revealed that the volume of unilateral and bilateral alveolar cleft defects can be equally quantified by 3D-printed and virtual surgical simulation methods and provides alveolar defect-specific volumes which can serve as a reference for planning and execution of alveolar bone graft surgery.
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Zhao, Yang, Yujia Gong, Xianbo Liu, Jia He, Bowen Zheng, and Yi Liu. "The Experimental Study of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Derived Exosomes with Hydrogel Accelerating Bone Regeneration on Alveolar Bone Defect." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102189.
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Introduction: this study was conducted to investigate the osteogenic ability of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) derived exosomes (PDLSCs-Exos) and the effect of PDLSCs-Exos with hydrogel on alveolar bone defect repairment in the rat. Methods: the PDLSCs were obtained through primary cell culture, and PDLSCs-Exos were purified by the ultracentrifugation method. The CCK-8 kit and ALP staining were used to explore the effect of PDLSCs-Exos on promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo, the alveolar bone defect models were made mesial to the bilateral maxillary first molars of rats. MicroCT, HE staining, and Masson staining were used to analyze the new bone at the bone defect of rats. Results: the periodontal ligament stem cells and the periodontal ligament stem cells derived exosomes were successfully extracted. The results of the CCK-8 kit and ALP staining showed PDLSCs-Exos significantly promoted the proliferation osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo experiment results revealed that compared with the control group and the hydrogel group, the rats in the hydrogel with exosomes group showed more new bone formation in alveolar bone defects. Conclusion: Periodontal ligament stem cells and exosomes derived from periodontal ligament stem cells were successfully extracted. The results demonstrated that the hydrogel successfully delivered periodontal ligament stem cells derived exosomes for repairing alveolar bone defects in rats in vivo at the initial stage.
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Wang, Wei, Pengtao Zhang, Yuqi Zhou, Yuzhu Jia, and Lei Zhang. "Animal Experimental Study on Repair of Alveolar Bone Defect with Double-Pipe Biphase Bioceramic Polyetheretherketone Composite." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2020.2396.
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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has the advantages of good biocompatibility, thus become a widely used bone remodeling material. Bioceramics are also highly effective bone repair materials. However, the repairing effect of biphasic bioceramics combined with polyetheretherketone composites on alveolar bone defects has not been elucidated. SD rats were separated into control group that was established as alveolar bone injury model; PEEK group that the alveolar bone injury model was repaired with polyether ether ketone; and composite group that alveolar bone injury model was repaired with double-tube biphase bioceramic/polyetheretherketone. After 8 weeks of treatment, the bone mineral density (BMD) changes were assessed by X-ray absorptiometry. HE staining was used to analyze the changes of tooth defect. The change of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content was analyzed. Real-time PCR was performed to measure osteogenic factors Opn and Runx2 expressions. Serum BMP-2 level was analyzed by ELISA. The alveolar ridge height was compared and the alveolar bone repair rate was calculated. In the PEEK group and the composite group, BMD was significantly increased, bone was repaired, Runx2 and Opn mRNA expression was upregulated and ALP activity was enhanced along with elevated BMP-2 secretion, alveolar ridge height and bone repair rate compared to control group (P < 0 05). The composite group exhibited more significant changes compared with PEEK group (P < 0 05). Double-tube biphasic bioceramic/polyetheretherketone composites can repair alveolar bone defects, promote osteogenic differentiation, induce BMP-2 secretion, enhance bone density, and accelerate alveolar bone repair.
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Peñarrocha-Diago, Miguel, M. Dolores Gómez-Adrián, Abel García-García, Fabio Camacho-Alonso, and Javier Rambla-Ferrer. "Vertical Mandibular Alveolar Bone Distraction and Dental Implant Placement: A Case Report." Journal of Oral Implantology 32, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/749.1.
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Abstract Extensive bone defects complicate the adequate placement of dental implants and the required angulation. In such cases, alveolar-ridge augmentation techniques such as guided bone regeneration, particulate or block grafting, and alveolar bone distraction are needed. The present study describes a case in which a large vertical bone defect in the anterior mandibular zone was corrected via vertical alveolar bone distraction. Six dental implants were posteriorly placed for implant-supported restoration of the mandible, with early implant loading. The clinical and radiologic control showed good implant and soft tissue conditions 12 months later.
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Oberoi, Snehlata, Radhika Chigurupati, Pawandeep Gill, William Y. Hoffman, and Karin Vargervik. "Volumetric Assessment of Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 5 (September 2009): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/08-153.1.
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Objective: To assess the radiographic outcome of secondary alveolar bone grafting in individuals with nonsyndromic unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the University of California at San Francisco Center for Craniofacial Anomalies on 21 consecutive nonsyndromic complete cleft lip and palate individuals between 8 and 12 years of age who required alveolar bone grafting. Seventeen unilateral and four bilateral cleft lip and palate individuals had preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography scans that were analyzed using Amira 3.1.1 software. Results: The average volume of the preoperative alveolar cleft defect in unilateral cleft lip and palate was 0.61 cm3, and the combined average volume of the right and left alveolar cleft defects in bilateral cleft lip and palate was 0.82 cm3. The average percentage bone fill in both unilateral cleft lip and palate and bilateral cleft lip and palate was 84%. The outcome of alveolar bone grafting was assessed in relation to (1) type of cleft, (2) size of preoperative cleft defect, (3) presence or absence of lateral incisor, (4) root development stage of the maxillary canine on the cleft side, (5) timing, and (6) surgeon. None of these parameters significantly influenced the radiographic outcome of alveolar bone grafting. Conclusions: Secondary alveolar bone grafting of the cleft defect in our center was successful, based on radiographic outcome using cone beam computed tomography scans. Volume rendering using cone beam computed tomography and Amira software is a reproducible and practical method to assess the preoperative alveolar cleft volume and the adequacy of bone fill postoperatively.
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Fang, Chih-Hsiang, Chung-Kai Sun, Yi-Wen Lin, Min-Chih Hung, Hung-Ying Lin, Ching-Hung Li, I.-Ping Lin, Hung-Chen Chang, Jui-Sheng Sun, and Jenny Zwei-Chieng Chang. "Metformin-Incorporated Gelatin/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Promotes Bone Regeneration in Critical Size Rat Alveolar Bone Defect Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010558.
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In this study, we fabricated gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite/metformin scaffold (GHMS) and compared its effectiveness in bone regeneration with extraction-only, Sinbone, and Bio-Oss Collagen® groups in a critical size rat alveolar bone defect model. GHMS was synthesized by co-precipitating calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid within gelatin solution, incorporating metformin, and cross-linked by microbial transglutaminase. The morphology, characterization, and biocompatibility of scaffold were examined. The in vitro effects of GHMS on osteogenic gene and protein expressions were evaluated. In vivo bone formation was assessed in a critical size rat alveolar bone defect model with micro-computed tomography and histological examination by comparing GHMS with extraction-only, Sinbone, and Bio-Oss Collagen®. The synthesized GHMS had a highly interconnected porous structure with a mean pore size of 81.85 ± 13.8 µm. GHMS exhibited good biocompatibility; promoted ALPL, RUNX2, SP7, BGLAP, SPARC and Col1a1 gene expressions; and upregulated the synthesis of osteogenic proteins, including osteonectin, osteocalcin, and collagen type I. In critical size rat alveolar bone defects, GHMS showed superior bone regeneration compared to extraction-only, Sinbone, and Bio-Oss Collagen® groups as manifested by greater alveolar ridge preservation, while more bone formation with a lower percentage of connective tissue and residual scaffold at the defect sites grafted with GHMS in histological staining. The GHMS presented in this study may be used as a potential bone substitute to regenerate alveolar bone. The good biocompatibility, relatively fast degradation, interconnected pores allowing vascularization, and higher bioactivity properties of the components of the GHMS (gelatin, nHA, and metformin) may contribute to direct osteogenesis.
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Ma, Kangjie, Dongmei Mei, Xiaodong Lin, Li Zhang, Jie Gao, Xiaojing Li, Xuechen Zhu, et al. "A Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration in Bone Defect." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3044.
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Guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique is most commonly used to treat alveolar bone defect. Polylactic acid (PLA) attracts much attention to utilize as a GBR membrane because it has relatively high mechanical strength and biodegradability. However, randomized controlled trials of PLA as a GBR membrane in animals were rare. The aim of this work is to observe the efficacy of polylactic acid membrane in guiding bone regeneration in Beagle canine alveolar bone defect restoration and to compare efficacy with the collagen membrane, providing an experimental basis for further clinical use of the polylactic acid membrane. The tests of physical and chemical properties showed that the PLA membrane has well mechanical strength to maintenance the space for the new bone, and has proper aperture for the attachment of osteoblasts. Through X-ray and histopathological examination of the different time points, the bone grafting material covered with PLA membrane can form similar mature bone compared to collagen membrane ones. Meanwhile, biodegradable speed of the PLA membrane was slower. Thus, this study showed that polylactic acid membrane as synthetic biodegradable polymer was reliably effective in guiding bone regeneration of alveolar bone defects, showed the favorable osteogenic capability and forecasts well applications in bone augmentation.
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Waite, Peter D., and Daniel E. Waite. "Bone grafting for the alveolar cleft defect." Seminars in Orthodontics 2, no. 3 (September 1996): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1073-8746(96)80014-4.
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Tekin, Umut, Doruk I. Kocyigit, and Volkan Sahin. "Symphyseal Bone Cylinders Tapping With the Dental Implant Into Insufficiency Bone Situated Esthetic Area at One-Stage Surgery: A Case Report and the Description of the New Technique." Journal of Oral Implantology 37, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00096.1.
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Periodontal defects and trauma at the anterior maxillary region can cause a severe alveolar ridge deficiency resulting in an unesthetic view. Ideal implant positioning can be compromised by inadequate alveolar bone in terms of height and width. Reconstruction of osseous defects with autogenous bone allows ideal implant positioning and creates a more natural soft and hard tissue profile, which influences esthetic crown anatomy at the anterior maxillary region. In this case report, an alveolar ridge defect due to periodontally compromised tooth extraction was filled with autogenous bone cylinder and dental implant at one-stage surgery. In the presented case, a new technique was described which included bone reconstruction of the defects at the anterior maxillary region and simultaneous placement of the dental implant.
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Peña, Gonzalo de la, Lorena Gallego, Luis M. Redondo, Luis Junquera, Javier F. Doval, and Álvaro Meana. "Comparative analysis of plasma-derived albumin scaffold, alveolar osteoblasts and synthetic membrane in critical mandibular bone defects: An experimental study on rats." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 36, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328221999824.
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Repair of bone deficiencies in the craniofacial skeleton remains a challenging clinical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a plasma-derived albumin scaffold, alveolar osteoblasts and synthetic membrane implanted into experimental mandibular defects. Bilateral mandibular defects were created in twelve immunodeficient rats. The bone defect was filled with serum scaffold alone in left sides and scaffold combined with human alveolar osteoblast in right side defects. Implanted areas were closed directly in Group 1 ( n = 6) and covered by a resorbable polyglycolic-polylactic acid membrane in Group 2 ( n = 6). Bone regeneration was determined at 12 weeks as measured by and exhaustive multiplanar computed tomography analysis and histological examination. No significant differences in bone density were observed between defects transplanted with scaffold alone or scaffold seeded with osteoblasts. The use of membrane did not result in a determining factor in the grade of bone regeneration between Groups 1 and 2. Based on these results, it could be concluded that the albumin scaffold alone has osteoinductive capacity but presence of seeded ostogenic cells accelerates defect repair without being significantly influenced by covering the defect with a resorbable membrane.
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Tiainen, Hanna, Anders Verket, Håvard J. Haugen, S. Petter Lyngstadaas, and Johan Caspar Wohlfahrt. "Dimensional Ridge Preservation with a Novel Highly Porous TiO2Scaffold: An Experimental Study in Minipigs." International Journal of Biomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/851264.
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Despite being considered noncritical size defects, extraction sockets often require the use of bone grafts or bone graft substitutes in order to facilitate a stable implant site with an aesthetically pleasing mucosal architecture and prosthetic reconstruction. In the present study, the effect of novel TiO2scaffolds on dimensional ridge preservation was evaluated following their placement into surgically modified extraction sockets in the premolar region of minipig mandibles. After six weeks of healing, the scaffolds were wellintegrated in the alveolar bone, and the convex shape of the alveolar crest was preserved. The scaffolds were found to partially preserve the dimensions of the native buccal and lingual bone walls adjacent to the defect site. A tendency towards more pronounced vertical ridge resorption, particularly in the buccal bone wall of the nongrafted alveoli, indicates that the TiO2scaffold may be used for suppressing the loss of bone that normally follows tooth extraction.
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Binger, Thomas, Christos Katsaros, Martin Rücker, and Wolfgang J. Spitzer. "Segment Distraction to Reduce a Wide Alveolar Cleft before Alveolar Bone Grafting." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 40, no. 6 (November 2003): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2003_040_0561_sdtraw_2.0.co_2.
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Objective To demonstrate a method for reduction of wide alveolar clefts prior to bone grafting. This method aims to facilitate bone grafting and achieve adequate soft tissue coverage of the graft with attached gingiva. Case Report Treatment of a patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate with a severe alveolar defect on the left side is illustrated. Distraction osteogenesis was used to mesialize the left segment so that the alveolar cleft was reduced to a minimum. After a 10-week retention period, bone grafting of the reduced alveolar defect was successfully performed. After consolidation of the bone graft, the alveolar cleft was found to have an osseous closure with adequate soft tissue coverage. Conclusion In patients with a wide alveolar cleft, soft tissue coverage with keratinized mucosa can be more readily assured by reducing the alveolar cleft by callus distraction to mesialize the lateral segment prior to bone grafting.
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Fahmy, Rania A., Samia Soliman, Ahmed El-Ghannam, and Samir R. Nouh. "Enhancement of Vertical Alveolar Ridge Augmentation in Canine Defect Model Grafted with Resorbable Bioceramic Composite." Key Engineering Materials 720 (November 2016): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.720.53.
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Aim: This study was performed to evaluate histologically and radiographically the quality and the quantity of the formed bone after alveolar ridge augmentation using micro-granules of SCPC50 resorbable bioactive ceramic with and without rhBMP-2.Material and methods: Saddle-type alveolar ridge defects (12X7) mm were created in dog mandibles. Defects were grafted with micro-granules of SCPC50 resorbable bioactive ceramic loaded with rhBMP-2 10 μg and covered with collagen membrane. Control groups included defects grafted with SCPC50 granules without rhBMP-2 and un-grafted defects. Radiographs were taken for the dissected defect sites at 2 and 4 months. Radiographs were analyzed for bone density using the ImageJ 1.46 program. Dissected defect sites were then fixed in formalin and processed for histologic and hitomorphometric analysis. Data was statistically analyzed using student t-test and 1-way ANOVA test with p<0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Radiographic analysis of augmented bone revealed bone density equal to or denser than the surrounding native bone in SCPC50 treated defects with and without rhBMP-2. Qualitative and quantitative histologic evaluation revealed dense well arranged bone trabeculae in both the SCPC50 treated defects with and without rhBMP-2 with more rapid bone formation and graft resorption in the rhBMP-2 group. Maturation of newly formed bone was noted on the periphery and inside the SCPC50 pores. No adverse reactions, excessive bone formation or fluid filled voids were detected.Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that SCPC50 is an effective graft material in alveolar ridge augmentation. SCPC/rhBMP-2 hybrid accelerated bone regeneration and enhanced bone quality and quantity as revealed by radiographic and histologic evaluation.
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Raposo-Amaral, Cassio Eduardo, Gerson Shigeru Kobayashi, Ana Beatriz Almeida, Daniela F. Bueno, Fatima Rodrigues de Souza e. Freitas, Luiz Carlos Vulcano, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, and Nivaldo Alonso. "Alveolar osseous defect in rat for cell therapy: preliminary report." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 25, no. 4 (August 2010): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502010000400002.
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PURPOSE: To study were to reproduce an alveolar bone defect model in Wistar rats to be used for testing the efficacy of stem cell therapies. Additionally, we also aimed to determine the osteogenesis process of this osseous defect in the 1 month period post-surgery. METHODS: The animals were randomly divided into two groups of 7 animals each. A gingivobuccal incision was made, and a bone defect of 28 mm² of area was performed in the alveolar region. Animals were killed at 2 weeks after surgery (n=7) and 4 weeks after surgery (n=7). RESULTS: The average area of the alveolar defect at time point of 2 weeks was 22.27 ± 1.31 mm² and the average area of alveolar defect at time point of 4 weeks was 9.03 ± 1.17 mm². The average amount of bone formation at time point of 2 weeks was 5.73 ± 1.31 mm² and the average amount of bone formation at time point of 4 weeks was 19 ± 1.17 mm². Statistically significant differences between the amount of bone formation at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery were seen (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The highest rate of ossification occurred mostly from 2 to 4 weeks after surgery. This observation suggests that 4 weeks after the bone defect creation should be a satisfactory timing to assess the potential of bone inductive stem cells to accelerate bone regeneration in Wistar rats.
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Lim, Jin Xi, Min He, and Alphonsus Khin Sze Chong. "3D-printed Poly-Lactic Co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) scaffolds in non-critical bone defects impede bone regeneration in rabbit tibia bone." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 32, no. 6 (November 3, 2021): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-216017.
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BACKGROUND: An increasing number of bone graft materials are commercially available and vary in their composition, mechanism of action, costs, and indications. OBJECTIVE: A commercially available PLGA scaffold produced using 3D printing technology has been used to promote the preservation of the alveolar socket after tooth extraction. We examined its influence on bone regeneration in long bones of New Zealand White rabbits. METHODS: 5.0-mm-diameter circular defects were created on the tibia bones of eight rabbits. Two groups were studied: (1) control group, in which the bone defects were left empty; (2) scaffold group, in which the PLGA scaffolds were implanted into the bone defect. Radiography was performed every two weeks postoperatively. After sacrifice, bone specimens were isolated and examined by micro-computed tomography and histology. RESULTS: Scaffolds were not degraded by eight weeks after surgery. Micro-computed tomography and histology showed that in the region of bone defects that was occupied by scaffolds, bone regeneration was compromised and the total bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) was significantly lower. CONCLUSION: The implantation of this scaffold impedes bone regeneration in a non-critical bone defect. Implantation of bone scaffolds, if unnecessary, lead to a slower rate of fracture healing.
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Peck, Mogammad Thabit. "Alveolar Ridge Augmentation using the Allograft Bone Shell Technique." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 9 (2015): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1755.
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ABSTRACT Background The loss of teeth, whether it is from trauma or pathology, is accompanied by a concomitant loss of the surrounding alveolar bone. Khoury introduced a new method for grafting ridge defects in 2007. This technique involved using thin cortical plates harvested from the ramus, and in a ‘sandwich’ type manner, interposed these bone plates with cancellous bone harvested from the same site. Although this has shown success, the technique suffers from similar disadvantages of most harvesting techniques, i.e. a need for a second surgical site, and donor site morbidity. In this case presentation, we report the use of an allograft bone plate in a similar manner as was previously described by Khoury, to reconstruction lost alveolar bone in order to facilitate the correct three dimensional (3D) placement of dental implants. Case description A 53-year-old female presented for the restoration of her missing dentition in her upper jaw. The cone bean computed tomography (CBCT) revealed a large horizontal bony defect in the region of the upper anterior teeth, with minimal remaining bone. Using bone fixation screws, the bone plates were fixed to the buccal defect and the space between the plate and the existing palatal bone wall was then filled using a combination of autograft bone scrapings and xenograft bone particles. Six months after the initial surgery, the grafted sites were surgically re-entered and showed a marked increase in ridge width. Conclusion Evidence exists for the use of bone allografts for a variety of alveolar bone augmentation procedures. The case presented outlines another use for this versatile biomaterial. Clinical significance Bone harvesting for large alveolar defects is invariably associated with increased morbidity and an increased risk of postoperative complications. The above technique described by the author, may be used as a suitable alternative to reconstruct these defects, without harvesting bone from a second surgical site. How to cite this article Peck MT. Alveolar Ridge Augmentation using the Allograft Bone Shell Technique. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9):768-773.
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Ugurlu, F., B. Basel, B. Cem Sener, and A. Sertgöz. "Maxillary Tuberosity Reconstruction with Transport Distraction Osteogenesis." Case Reports in Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/816572.
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Severe bone loss due to pathology in the maxillary tuberosity region is a challenging problem both surgically and prosthetically. Large bone grafts have a poor survival rate due to the delicate bony architecture in this area and presence of the maxillary sinus. Our case presentation describes a new technique for reconstructing severe bony defect in the maxillary tuberosity with horizontal distraction osteogenesis in a 45-year-old man. A cm cyst was discovered in the left maxillary molar region and enucleated. Three months postoperatively, the area had a severe bone defect extending to the zygomatic buttress superiorly and hamular notch posteriorly. Three months later, a bone segment including the right upper second premolar was osteotomised and distracted horizontally. The bone segment was distracted 15 mm distally. After consolidation, implants were placed when the distractor was removed. A fixed denture was loaded over the implants after 3 months. Complete alveolar bone loss extending to the cranial base can be reconstructed with transport distraction osteogenesis. Distalisation of the alveolar bone segment adjacent to the bony defect is an easy method for reconstructing such severe defects.
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Spears, Robert, Ibtisam Al-Hashimi, Eric S. Solomon, David G. Kerns, William W. Hallmon, Harvey P. Kessler, and Matthew L. Heaton. "Comparison of Calcium Sulfate and Bovine Collagen Barriers for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 4, no. 3 (2014): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1083.
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ABSTRACT Calcium sulfate is a biologically compatible osteoconductive graft material that binds underlying bone graft and provide space maintenance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate calcium sulfate as a barrier compared to a collagen membrane for augmentation of a standardized surgically created ridge defect. For this purpose, bilateral extraction of mandibular premolars was performed on six foxhounds (Canis familiaris). Eight weeks later, a standardized osseous ridge defects (24 total) were created using a 6 mm trephine. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Baylor College of Dentistry. The osseous defects were allocated into three groups (8 defects each): group 1 received autogenous bone graft covered with collagen membrane (CM); group 2 received autogenous bone graft covered with calcium sulfate barrier (CS), and group 3 was used as control and did not receive bone augmentation and was used as control. The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks following bone augmentation and sites were evaluated histologically for total ridge width, percentage of bone gain and cortical bone thickness. Results All sites exhibited bony fill within the defect. Analysis of variance did not reveal statistically significant difference in the mean total bone gain among CM, CS, and control groups (12.2,11.6, and 11.9) mm2, respectively, p = 0.875. Conclusion Calcium sulfate does not appear to improve bone regeneration in an osseous defect. How to cite this article Heaton ML, Kerns DG, Hallmon WW, Kessler HP, Spears R, Solomon ES, Al-Hashimi I. Comparison of Calcium Sulfate and Bovine Collagen Barriers for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):129-138.
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Kim, Myung-Jin, Jong-Ho Lee, Jin-Young Choi, Nara Kang, Jong-Hwan Lee, and Won-Jae Choi. "Two-Stage Reconstruction of Bilateral Alveolar Cleft Using Y-Shaped Anterior-Based Tongue Flap and Iliac Bone Graft." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 38, no. 5 (September 2001): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2001_038_0432_tsroba_2.0.co_2.
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Objective: When an alveolar cleft is too large to close with adjacent mucobuccal flaps or large secondary fistula following a primary bilateral palatoplasty exists, a one-stage procedure for bone grafting becomes challenging. In such a case, we have used the tongue flap to repair the fistula and cleft alveolus followed by bone grafting to the cleft defect performed several months later. The purpose of this article is to report on our experiences with the use of an anteriorly based Y-shaped tongue flap to fit the palatal and labial alveolar defects and on the ultimate result of the bone graft. Patients: A series of 14 patients were treated with this approach from January 1994 to December 1998. The average age of the patients was 15.8 years (range 5 to 28 years). The mean period of follow-up following the second stage bone graft operation was 45.9 months (range 9 to 68 months). In 9 of the 14 patients, the long-fork type of a Y-shaped tongue flap was used for extended coverage of the labial-side alveolar defects with the palatal fistula; in the remaining patients, the short-forked design was used. Results: All patients demonstrated a good clinical result after the initial repair of cleft alveolus and palatal fistula. There was no fistula recurrence, although partial necrosis of distal margin in long-forked tongue flap occurred in one patient. Furthermore, the bone graft, which was performed an average of 8 months after the tongue flap repair, was always successful. Occasionally, transferred tongue tissue bulging interfered with the hygienic care of nearby teeth; however, these problems could be solved with proper contour-plasty performed afterward. No donor site complications such as sensory disturbance, change in taste, limitations in tongue movement, normal speech impairments, or tongue disfigurement were encountered. Conclusion: This two-stage reconstruction of a bilateral cleft alveolus using a Y-shaped tongue flap and iliac bone graft was very successful. It may be indicated for a bilateral cleft alveolus patient in which the direct closure of the cleft defect with adjacent tissue or the buccal flap is not easy because of scarred fibrotic mucosa and accompanied residual palatal fistula.
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Khan, Mohammad Sayedur Rahman, Mei Shuang, Xiao Lin Liu, Sun Xu, and Hao Fu Liang. "Current concept in alveolar cleft management." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 10, no. 4 (November 25, 2017): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v10i4.34258.
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<p class="Abstract">The alveolar cleft is known as the developmental defect of bone in alveolar process of maxillae which occurs in 75% of the cleft lip and palate patients with different types of clinical presentation like unilateral or bilateral and complete or incomplete. Secondary alveolar cleft reconstruction with autogenic spongy bone grafting (osteoplasty) at the stage of mixed dentition is commonly accepted treatment to help in the maintenance of maxillary arch continuity, repairing of oronasal fistula, eruption of the permanent dentition, enhancement of nasal symmetry through providing alar base support and improving speech. As of late, conflicting argument of alveolar cleft management is continuing regarding treatment planning with timing, graft materials, surgical techniques as well as methods of evaluation of the progress of alveolar osteoplasty. Now-a-days, experiments have made for the application of allogeneic bone, artificial bone, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP), along with growth factors to diminish the donor-site morbidity associated autogenic bone grafting. The purpose of this review is to discuss about pathogenesis and aetiology of cleft defects, surgical techniques, assessment of progress of alveolar bone graft and proposed future materials for bone graft.</p>
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Fauzan, Fauzan. "Effect of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (HADMSC) With Chitosan Scaffold on Bone Defect White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) on Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Levels." Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering 6, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jscrte.v6i1.37514.
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Bone defect is one of the challenges for dentists in the process of healing bone tissue. Bone defect can occur in alveolar bone with the etiology of microorganisms and cyst expansion. In addition, cases of bone defects in alveolar bone are also often found in cases with treatment of apex resection and hemisection. Autologous bone graft is a clinical gold standard in the treatment of bone defect. However, the use of bone graft has a limited number of growth factors produced. Tissue engineering is the latest method in terms of bone regeneration. Tissue engineering has three main components; stem cell, growth factor, and scaffold. Stem cells will increase osteoblastogenesis and chitosan scaffold will immobilize alkaline phosphatase (ALP) so that serum ALP levels decrease and bone regeneration and mineralization processes become faster. The aim of this study is analyzing the effect of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (HADMSC) with chitosan scaffold (CS) in bone defect on serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. This research was a in vivo laboratory experimental study. Bone defects are planted with chitosan scaffold (CS) and a combination of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HADMSC) with chitosan scaffold. Measurement of ALP levels was carried out by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method using an analyzer on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days. Research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Bonferroni tests. The results of the data analysis showed that there were significant differences in ALP levels with CS planting and the combination of HADMSC and CS. the effect of human adipose- derived mesenchymal stem cell (HADMSC) with chitosan scaffold (CS) on bone defect reduces serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels on the 3th and 14th days.
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Toyota, Akiko, Rei Shinagawa, Mikiko Mano, Kazuyuki Tokioka, and Naoto Suda. "Regeneration in Experimental Alveolar Bone Defect Using Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Cell Transplantation 30 (January 1, 2021): 096368972097539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689720975391.
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Cleft lip and palate is a congenital disorder including cleft lip, and/or cleft palate, and/or alveolar cleft, with high incidence.The alveolar cleft causes morphological and functional abnormalities. To obtain bone bridge formation and continuous structure between alveolar clefts, surgical interventions are performed from infancy to childhood. However, desirable bone bridge formation is not obtained in many cases. Regenerative medicine using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is expected to be a useful strategy to obtain sufficient bone bridge formation between alveolar clefts. In this study, we examined the effect of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs by transplantation into a rat experimental alveolar cleft model. Human umbilical cords were digested enzymatically and the isolated cells were collected (UC-EZ cells). Next, CD146-positive cells were enriched from UC-EZ cells by magnetic-activated cell sorting (UC-MACS cells). UC-EZ and UC-MACS cells showed MSC gene/protein expression, in vitro. Both cells had multipotency and could differentiate to osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages under the differentiation-inducing media. However, UC-EZ cells lacked Sox2 expression and showed the lower ratio of MSCs than UC-MACS cells. Thus, UC-MACS cells were transplanted with hydroxyapatite and collagen (HA + Col) into alveolar cleft model to evaluate bone formation in vivo. The results of micro computed tomography and histological staining showed that UC-MACS cells with HA + Col induced more abundant bone formation between the experimental alveolar clefts than HA + Col implantation only. Cells immunopositive for osteopontin were accumulated along the bone surface and some of them were embedded in the bone. Cells immunopositive for human-specific mitochondria were aligned along the newly formed bone surface and in the new bone, suggesting that UC-MACS cells contributed to the bone bridge formation between alveolar clefts. These findings indicate that human umbilical cords are reliable bioresource and UC-MACS cells are useful for the alveolar cleft regeneration.
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Nagashima, Hayato, Yoshiaki Sakamoto, Hisao Ogata, Junpei Miyamoto, Masaki Yazawa, and Kazuo Kishi. "Evaluation of Bone Volume after Secondary Bone Grafting in Unilateral Alveolar Cleft Using Computer-Aided Engineering." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 51, no. 6 (November 2014): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/13-045.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial defect and the outcome of bone grafts for unilateral alveolar cleft. To determine the absorption of the bone graft in patients with unilateral cleft, computer-aided engineering (CAE) with multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) was used. MDCT scans of 29 patients were taken immediately preoperatively and at 1 month and 6 months postoperatively. The patients underwent bone grafting between 8 and 14 years of age using iliac crest bone grafts. Three-dimensional models were created in each period, and the defect at the alveolar cleft and volume of the bone graft were determined in each patient using CAE. Cleft volume and success of alveolar bone grafting were significantly correlated ( P < .01). Alveolar clefts with cleft palate required more bone volume than those without cleft palate ( P < .01), but the resorption rate did not significantly differ between alveolar clefts with and without cleft palate (0.48 ± 0.14 and 0.49 ± 0.18, respectively; P =.93). In conclusion, three-dimensional reconstruction of bone grafts using CAE based on MDCT provides a valuable objective assessment of graft volume.
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Chkadua, T. Z., Ekaterina Mikhaylovna Romanova, K. S. Gileva, M. A. Mokhirev, A. V. Kudryavcev, G. R. Arutyunov, and P. I. Davydenko. "REHABILITATION OF THE PATIENT WITH UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP AND PALATE (CASE REPORT)." Russian Journal of Dentistry 22, no. 5 (October 15, 2018): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2018-22-5-249-254.
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The article presents a clinical example analyzing the outcome of a comprehensive rehabilitation of patient B. 22 years old with a diagnosis of congenital unilateral cleft lip and palate, defect of the alveolar bone of the maxilla in region 22. The defect of the alveolar bone was eliminated using revascularized periosteal-cortical femoral autotransplant . As a result of the treatment, the continuity of the alveolar bone was restored, conditions were created for the installation of dental implants, followed by prosthetics. Performed reconstructive rhinoplasty, cheiloplasty. Control examination after 1, 3 and 12 months confirmed a lasting positive aesthetic and functional result.
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Got, I. M., A. V. Paliy, R. M. Stupnitsky, and I. R. Stupnitsky. "PECULIARITIES OF REVASCULARIZATION (OR ANGIOGENESIS) OF THE ALVEOLAR AGES USING DIFFERENT BONE-PLASTIC MATERIALS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2020.08.
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Secondary anodontia, as a consequence of diseases of the dentoalveolar apparatus is the most common pathology among the population. The results of medical and statistical studies show an increase in the incidence of acquired anodontia in both adults and children.
When teeth are lost, bone resorption occurs and this leads to a decrease in the thickness and height of the alveolar processes of the jaws by an average of 25-30%. In addition, there is a loss of bone walls of the dental alveolus, which causes a tissue defect. To eliminate defects and deformations of the walls of the alveolar processes of the jaws, the method of osteosynthesis of autografts in the form of a block of the bone of appropriate volume or controlled bone growth is used.
Angiogenesis and blood supply to the cavitary defects of the jaw bones is one of the important indicators of bone graft integration and restoration of the authentic structure of bone tissue at the defect site.
However, blood supply recovery depending on the type of graft has not yet been fully elucidated, which is why the study of angiogenesis in limited defects after their replacement by different types of grafts remains relevant.
The aim of the research is to study of the features of revascularization of bone regenerates depending on the type of osteoplastic material used.
Material and methods of experimental research
Experimental studies were performed on 50 male Wistar rats weighing 270-380 g in the vivarium of the State Research Control Institute of Veterinary Drugs and Feed Additives (Lviv).
The experimental animals were divided into 5 experimental groups.
In groups 2 and 3, we used xenogenic bone-plastic materials:
group 1 - healing took place under a blood clot (10 animals);
group 2 - Bio-Oss® (Switzerland), a bone mineral of natural origin derived from bovine bone (10 animals);
group 3 - Osteoplast-K (Russia), highly purified non-demineralized bone collagen isolated from cancellous bone, which contains sulfated glycosaminoglycans. (10 animals);
In groups 4 and 5, we used bone-plastic materials based on calcium phosphate:
group 4 - Easy-Graft) (Switzerland), material based on beta-tricalcium phosphate (10 animals);
group 5 - Collapan-L (Russia), biocomposite material based on synthetic hydroxyapatite, collagen and antibiotic (lincomycin hydrochloride) (10 animals).
The method of bone defect formation in experimental conditions. Under ether anesthesia in aseptic conditions after depilation of the operating field, we made an incision in the dorsal surface of the tibia, created access to the bone surface and formed two defects with a spherical boron (one on each side) according to the topographic and anatomical features of the tibia structure of experimental animals.
The formed bone defect on one side was filled with osteoplastic material; on the opposite side, healing took place under a blood clot.
It was found that when using osteoplastic materials Bio-Oss® and Osteoplast-K, the most active formation of blood vessels occurred from the 30th to the 60th day of the experiment (from 79.13 ± 2.67% to 81.83 ± 3.68% of vessels caliber 0-20 μm). When using materials Easy-Graft ™ and Collapan-L, the most active formation of vessels was observed from the 60th to the 90th day (from 45.24 ± 3.84% to 90.63 ± 1.63% of vessels of caliber 0-20 μm2). In the control group, where healing took place under a blood clot, the most active vascular formation was observed up to the 14th day (84.28 ± 1.36% of vessels of caliber 0-20 μm2) and up to the 60th day (82.01 ± 1.95%).
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Sun, Xiaodi, Yupu Mao, Beibei Liu, Ke Gu, Han Liu, Wei Du, Ruixin Li, and Jian Zhang. "Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Enhance 3D-Printed Scaffold Functions and Promote Alveolar Bone Defect Repair by Enhancing Angiogenesis." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020180.
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The reconstruction of severe alveolar bone defects remains a complex and challenging field for clinicians. Three-dimensional-printed scaffolds can adapt precisely to the complicated shape of the bone defects, which is an alternative solution to bone tissue engineering. Our previous study constructed an innovative low-temperature 3D-printed silk fibroin/collagen I/nano-hydroxyapatite (SF/COL-I/nHA) composite scaffold with a stable structure and remarkable biocompatibility. However, the clinical translation of most scaffolds is limited by insufficient angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exos) on bone regeneration, especially from the perspective of inducing angiogenesis. HUCMSC-Exos were isolated and characterized. In vitro, the effect of hUCMSC-Exos on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was examined. Moreover, the loading and release of hUCMSC-Exos on 3D-printed SF/COL-I/nHA scaffolds were evaluated. In vivo, hUCMSC-Exos and 3D-printed SF/COL-I/nHA scaffolds were implanted into alveolar bone defects, and bone regeneration and angiogenesis were investigated by micro-CT, HE staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that hUCMSC-Exos stimulated HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro, and the effect increased with increasing exosome concentrations. In vivo, the combination of hUCMSC-Exos and 3D-printed SF/COL-I/nHA scaffolds promoted alveolar bone defect repair by enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis. We constructed an elaborate cell-free bone-tissue-engineering system by combining hUCMSC-Exos with 3D-printed SF/COL-I/nHA scaffolds, potentially providing new ideas for treating alveolar bone defects.
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Wang, Lan Lei, Ji Hua Li, Yong Tao Xie, Pi Shan Yang, Yun Mao Liao, and Gong Ling Guo. "Effect of Nano Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics on Periodontal Regeneration in the Treatment of Alveolar Defects." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.422.
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The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of nanobiphasic calcium phosphate (nanoBCP) bioceramic in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects. Alveolar bone defects were surgically created bilaterally at the buccal aspects of four second premolars in two beagle dogs. After root leveling, nanoBCP was randomly filled in one defect and nothing was put into the contralateral defect as negative controls. Bioglass was randomly filled in one of left defect as positive controls and nothing was put into the contralateral defect as negative controls. Dogs were killed at the 12th week. Histological observations were processed through a light microscopy. The results reveal that a great amount of functional periodontal fissures formed in the defects in the nanoBCP groups and bioglass groups while no new bone formed in the control groups at all. In this study, nanoBCP has proven to work well as a biocompatible and bioactive material to promote periodontal regeneration effectively.
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Khojasteh, Arash, Lida Kheiri, Hossein Behnia, Azita Tehranchi, Pantea Nazeman, Nasser Nadjmi, and Masoud Soleimani. "Lateral Ramus Cortical Bone Plate in Alveolar Cleft Osteoplasty with Concomitant Use of Buccal Fat Pad Derived Cells and Autogenous Bone: Phase I Clinical Trial." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6560234.
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Tissue regeneration has become a promising treatment for craniomaxillofacial bone defects such as alveolar clefts. This study sought to assess the efficacy of lateral ramus cortical plate with buccal fat pad derived mesenchymal stem cells (BFSCs) in treatment of human alveolar cleft defects. Ten patients with unilateral anterior maxillary cleft met the inclusion criteria and were assigned to three treatment groups. First group was treated with anterior iliac crest (AIC) bone and a collagen membrane (AIC group), the second group was treated with lateral ramus cortical bone plate (LRCP) with BFSCs mounted on a natural bovine bone mineral (LRCP+BFSC), and the third group was treated with AIC bone, BFSCs cultured on natural bovine bone mineral, and a collagen membrane (AIC+BFSC). The amount of regenerated bone was measured using cone beam computed tomography 6 months postoperatively. AIC group showed the least amount of new bone formation (70±10.40%). LRCP+BFSC group demonstrated defect closure and higher amounts of new bone formation (75±3.5%) but less than AIC+BFSC (82.5±6.45%), suggesting that use of BFSCs within LRCP cage and AIC may enhance bone regeneration in alveolar cleft bone defects; however, the differences were not statistically significant. This clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrial.gov with NCT02859025 identifier.
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Markovic, Dejan, Vukoman Jokanovic, Bojan Petrovic, Tamara Peric, and Biserka Vukomanovic. "The efficacy of hydrothermally obtained carbonated hydroxyapatite in healing alveolar bone defects in rats with or without corticosteroid treatment." Vojnosanitetski pregled 71, no. 5 (2014): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1405462m.
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Background/Aim. Autogenous bone grafting has been the gold standard in clinical cases when bone grafts are required for bone defects in dentistry. The study was undertaken to evaluate multilevel designed carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) obtained by hydrothermal method, as a bone substitute in healing bone defects with or without corticosteroid treatment in rats as assessed by histopathologic methods. Methods. Bone defects were created in the alveolar bone by teeth extraction in 12 rats. The animals were initially divided into two groups. The experimental group was pretreated with corticosteroids: methylprednisolone and dexamethasone, intramuscularly, while the control group was without therapy. Posterior teeth extraction had been performed after the corticosteroid therapy. The extraction defects were fulfilled with hydroxyapatite with bimodal particle sizes in the range of 50-250 ?m and the sample from postextocactional defect of the alveolar bone was analyzed pathohystologically. Results. The histopatological investigations confirmed the biologic properties of the applied material. The evident growth of new bone in the alveolar ridge was clearly noticed in both groups of rats. Carbonated HA obtained by hydrothermal method promoted bone formation in the preformed defects, confirming its efficacy for usage in bone defects. Complete resorption of the material?s particles took place after 25 weeks. Conclusion. Hydroxyapatite completely meets the clinical requirements for a bone substitute material. Due to its microstructure, complete resorption took place during the observation period of the study. Corticosteroid treatment did not significantly affect new bone formation in the region of postextractional defects.
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Barlatti, Patrick, Cleydiane Teles, Simei Silva, Virgílio De Miranda, Claudio Ferreira, and Bruno Costa. "Considerations On The Use Of Xenogenous Bone Blocks In Implantology: A Case Report." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 26, 2018): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2015.014.
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In implantology, an increase in the bone thickness of the alveolar ridge is often associated with the use of autogenous bone, which is considered to be the gold standard. The aim of the present study was to report the clinical case of a patient with abnormal bone thickness in the alveolar ridge, causing severe esthetical damage, and the use of xenogeneic block bone grafts. A female, 43-year old patient exhibited a considerable bone defect in the region of teeth 11 (absent), although there was sufficient native bone available for the implantation. The patients treatment involved positioning the implant and performing a block bone graft using bone of bovine origin. The post-operative period passed without complications. The post-operative clinical examination confirmed the correction of the pre-existing esthetic defect and the health of the soft tissues involved. The tomographic examination 180 days post-surgery also confirmed an excellent increase in thickness. The bovine block bone graft used in the present case was shown to be viable in terms of correcting esthetic defects when there is sufficient native bone available for the implantation.
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Findik, Yavuz, and Timuçin Baykul. "Secondary Closure of Alveolar Clefts with Mandibular Symphyseal Bone Grafts and with Platelet-Rich Fibrin Under Local Anesthesia: Three Case Reports." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 4 (2013): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1396.
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ABSTRACT Secondary alveolar bone grafting is a method that enables an excellent oral rehabilitation of the patients having cleft palate. Many types of bone grafts have been used for reconstruction of the cleft, including autogenous bone and bone substitutes. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been shown to be effective in grafting the defect. The aim of this presentation is to report the closure of an alveolar cleft with the use of symphyseal bone grafts harvested with platelet rich fibrin under local anesthesia. PRF may be a good treatment choice depending on the early radiographical view of the defect and uneventfull healing. How to cite this article Flndlk Y, Baykul T. Secondary Closure of Alveolar Clefts with Mandibular Symphyseal Bone Grafts and with Platelet-Rich Fibrin Under Local Anesthesia: Three Case Reports. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):751-753.
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Nishimura, Masahiro, Kazuma Takase, Fumio Suehiro, and Hiroshi Murata. "Candidates Cell Sources to Regenerate Alveolar Bone from Oral Tissue." International Journal of Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/857192.
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Most of the cases of dental implant surgery, especially the bone defect extensively, are essential for alveolar ridge augmentation. As known as cell therapy exerts valuable effects on bone regeneration, numerous reports using various cells from body to regenerate bone have been published, including clinical reports. Mesenchymal cells that have osteogenic activity and have potential to be harvested from intra oral site might be a candidate cells to regenerate alveolar bone, even dentists have not been harvested the cells outside of mouth. This paper presents a summary of somatic cells in edentulous tissues which could subserve alveolar bone regeneration. The candidate tissues that might have differentiation potential as mesenchymal cells for bone regeneration are alveolar bone chip, bone marrow from alveolar bone, periosteal tissue, and gingival tissue. Understanding their phenotype consecutively will provide a rational approach for alveolar ridge augmentation.
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Vega, Omar, Daniel Pérez, Viviana Páramo, and Jocelyn Falcön. "A New Device for Alveolar Bone Transportation." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 4, no. 2 (June 2011): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1279669.
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We present a retrospective review of a new technique for the transportation of alveolar bone using a Hyrax device modified by the principal author (O.A.V.). There were seven patients (five males and two females), including five patients with cleft palate and lip diagnosis, one patient with a high-speed gunshot wound, and one patient with facial trauma sequel due to mandibular fracture. They were all treated with an alveolar bone transportation technique (ABT) through the use of the modified Hyrax device (VEGAX). Before surgery, distraction osteogenesis of the bifocal type was performed on four patients, and the trifocal type was performed on the other three patients. However, in one case, direct dental anchorage was not used, only orthodontic appliances. In all the cases, new bone formation and gingival tissue around the defect were obtained, posterior to the alveolar distraction process; no complications were observed in any patient. In one case, two teeth involved in the disk of the ABT were extracted, due to a previous condition of periodontal disease. The alveolar bone transport with the VEGAX device is an accessible technique for almost every patient with alveolar defects due to diverse causes. In all the presented cases, predictability and success were demonstrated.
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Wofford, Andrew, Austin Bow, Steven Newby, Seth Brooks, Rachel Rodriguez, Tom Masi, Stacy Stephenson, et al. "Human Fat-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Xenogenically Implanted in a Rat Model Show Enhanced New Bone Formation in Maxillary Alveolar Tooth Defects." Stem Cells International 2020 (January 13, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8142938.
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Background. Due to restorative concerns, bone regenerative therapies have garnered much attention in the field of human oral/maxillofacial surgery. Current treatments using autologous and allogenic bone grafts suffer from inherent challenges, hence the ideal bone replacement therapy is yet to be found. Establishing a model by which MSCs can be placed in a clinically acceptable bone defect to promote bone healing will prove valuable to oral/maxillofacial surgeons. Methods. Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were seeded onto Gelfoam® and their viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated in vitro. Subsequently, the construct was implanted in a rat maxillary alveolar bone defect to assess in vivo bone healing and regeneration. Results. Human MSCs were adhered, proliferated, and uniformly distributed, and underwent osteogenic differentiation on Gelfoam®, comparable with the tissue culture surface. Data confirmed that Gelfoam® could be used as a scaffold for cell attachment and a delivery vehicle to implant MSCs in vivo. Histomorphometric analyses of bones harvested from rats treated with hMSCs showed statistically significant increase in collagen/early bone formation, with cells positive for osteogenic and angiogenic markers in the defect site. This pattern was visible as early as 4 weeks post treatment. Conclusions. Xenogenically implanted human MSCs have the potential to heal an alveolar tooth defect in rats. Gelfoam®, a commonly used clinical biomaterial, can serve as a scaffold to deliver and maintain MSCs to the defect site. Translating this strategy to preclinical animal models provides hope for bone tissue engineering.
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Jiang, Ting, Jian Kai Wang, Yang Yang Jiang, Zheng Hu, and Guo Hua Tang. "How well do integrated 3D models predict alveolar defects after treatment with clear aligners?" Angle Orthodontist 91, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/042220-342.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the accuracy of integrated models (IMs) constructed by pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography (pre-CBCT) in diagnosing alveolar defects after treatment with clear aligners. Materials and Methods Pre-CBCT and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from 69 patients who completed nonextraction treatment with clear aligners were collected. The IMs comprised anterior teeth in predicted positions and alveolar bone from pre-CBCT scans. The accuracy of the IMs for identifying dehiscences or fenestrations was evaluated by comparing the means of the defect volumes, absolute mean differences, and Pearson correlation coefficients with those measured from post-CBCT scans. Defect prediction accuracy was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values. Factors possibly affecting changes in mandibular alveolar defects were analyzed using a mixed linear model. Results The IM measurements showed mean deviations of 2.82 ± 9.99 mm3 for fenestrations and 3.67 ± 9.93 mm3 for dehiscences. The absolute mean differences were 4.50 ± 9.35 mm3 for fenestrations and 5.17 ± 9.24 mm3 for dehiscences. The specificities of the IMs were higher than 0.8, whereas the sensitivities were both lower (fenestration = 0.41; dehiscence = 0.53). The positive predictive values were unacceptable (fenestration = 0.52; dehiscence = 0.62), and the overall reliability was low (<0.80). Molar distalization and proclination were positively correlated with significant increases in alveolar defects at the mandibular incisors after treatment. Conclusions Alveolar defects after clear aligner treatment cannot be simulated accurately by IMs constructed from pre-CBCT. Caution should be taken in the treatment of crowding with proclination and molar distalization for the safety of alveolar bone at the mandibular incisors.
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Yoshikawa, Masataka, and Tadao Toda. "Reconstruction of alveolar bone defect by calcium phosphate compounds." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 53, no. 4 (2000): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4636(2000)53:4<430::aid-jbm18>3.0.co;2-e.
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Wang, Yijun, Shenpo Yuan, Yunyang Bai, Yusi Guo, Xiaowen Sun, Min Gao, Boon Chin Heng, Huajie Yu, and Xuehui Zhang. "Enhanced vertical alveolar bone augmentation by restoring the endogenous electrical microenvironment." Materials Express 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2258.
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Insufficient alveolar bone height is a major problem in implant restoration surgery. Here, the therapeutic strategy of restoring the electrical microenvironment to enhance alveolar bone augmentation was investigated in a standardized large-size beagle dog pre-clinical model. A biomimetic charged nano-BaTiO3/poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (nano-BTO/P(VDF-TrFE)) composite membrane was used to restore the endogenous electrical microenvironment of alveolar bone. The charged membrane exhibited excellent electrical stability. Upon implantation with bone grafts and covering with the charged membrane in alveolar bone defect sites for three months, there were significant improvements in the bone height, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume, as assessed by micro-CT analysis. Histological analysis further confirmed that restoration of the electrical microenvironment significantly promoted alveolar bone regeneration and maturation. These findings thus provide an innovative strategy for restoring the electrical microenvironment to enhance alveolar bone augmentation, which could further advance prosthodontics implant technology.
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Ergun, Gulfem, Isil Cekic Nagas, Dervis Yilmaz, and Mustafa Ozturk. "Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Edentulous Ridges Following Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis: Clinical Report of Three Cases." Journal of Oral Implantology 37, sp1 (April 1, 2011): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00004.
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Patients with complete edentulism who have insufficient bone for endosseous dental implant treatment present a challenge for dental practitioners. Distraction osteogenesis of the edentulous alveolar ridges is a process for augmentation of atrophic alveolar bone before dental implant placement. This clinical report describes the use of distraction osteogenesis and rehabilitation of patients with a fixed or removable implant-supported prosthesis to treat mandibular defects. Two female patients with segmental alveolar atrophy at the posterior regions of mandible and one female patient with defect at the anterior region of mandible were treated using distraction devices. However, lingual tipping of the distraction vector occurred during the distraction phase in patient 1. The morphology of the alveolar bone was also analyzed in relation to the planned implant position. After a consolidation period of 12 weeks on average, radiologic observation suggested that there was sufficient bone formation for implant installation. In all patients, implant-supported fixed or removable prosthetic oral rehabilitation was successfully performed, and the clinical and radiologic findings were satisfactory. After 4 years of follow-up, no functional or esthetic difficulties with the implants and restorations were noted. These case reports suggest that although alveolar distraction osteogenesis seems to be an effective technique for augmenting atrophic alveolar bone for creating bone and soft tissue, complications may occur after surgical procedures.
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Vuletić, Marko, Predrag Knežević, Dražen Jokić, Jerko Rebić, Domagoj Žabarović, and Darko Macan. "Alveolar Bone Grafting in Cleft Patients: from Bone Defect to Dental Implants." Acta Stomatologica Croatica 48, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15644/asc48/4/2.
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Bai, Yang, Na Liu, Jian Feng Chen, Li Sheng Zhao, Bin Deng, Ning Wen, and Hong Chen Liu. "A Comparison of the Application between Different Proportional nHA / PLA in Alveolar Bone Preservation." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.615.
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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of different proportional nHA / PLA application in alveolar bone preservation. Methods: After extraction, apply extraction socket filling based on the alveolar bone defect model due to absorption in Beagle dog. Implant materials are divided into 3 different groups: nHA / PLAI, nHA / PLAII and the control group. Samples of the alveolar bone were collected at Week 4 and 8, respectively for the bone resorption assessment, bone density measurement, and histological examination. Results: After nHA / PLA implantation, the alveolar bone preservation was significantly improved. There was no difference in the alveolar bone preservation between the nHA / PLAI and nHA / PLAII groups. However, the sample which are 8w from group I, have higher bone density and have complete absorption in their dental material nest .Therefore group I is better than group II. Conclusions: The results can provide a reliable basis for the application of alveolar bone preservation in basic research and selection of clinical materials.
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Cheng, Gang, Hong Chen, Kai Wang, Jinxing Gao, Xiao Li, Hui Dong, and Shuyan Liu. "Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Chitosan/Polyacrylonitrile/Polylactic Acid-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) Nanocomposite Stent for Repair and Osteogenesis of Oral Alveolar Bone Defect." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4039.
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ABSTRACTThe ability of sol-gel micro-nano biphasic calcium stent to repair oral alveolar bone defects was investigated in this study, and its osteogenesis performance was also analyzed. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) was synthesized by wet method, which was combined with chitosan (CS), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA). Then, the BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA nanocomposite stent was prepared by vacuum freeze-drying technology. The micro-nano composite stent was combined with the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene, so as to obtain the sol-gel micro-nano biphasic calcium BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA composite stent. Besides, the composite stent should be measured in terms of compressive strength, porosity, structure, and morphological features. The healthy female rhesus monkeys were taken as the research animals, and the iliac bone marrow was extracted by puncture. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained by density gradient centrifugation, and their osteogenic differentiation ability was observed. The MSCs were cultured in vitro with BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA composite stent, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was applied to detect cell adhesion and proliferation, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was employed to analyze its osteogenic properties on stent materials. In addition, the expression of BMP-2 was detected by Western blot. The alveolar bone defect models were established and divided into group A (MSCs + BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA), group B (BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA), group C (BCP/CS/PAN/PLG), and group D (control group, reposition of gingival flap and suture) according to different implant materials. The changes of bone defect area in different groups were detected by gross examinations and X-ray, so that the new bone density was analyzed. The results showed that the BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA composite stent exhibited a porous structure combining multiple pores/small pores, with an average pore diameter (PD) of 400–500 µm, maximum compressive strength of 6.02 Mpa, and porosity of 86.82%. MSCs differentiated into osteoblasts under osteogenic induction conditioned medium, and the optical density (OD) of CS + MSCs/BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA cells was greater in contrast to that of MSCs/BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA cells on the 1st and 7th day of culture, showing a statistical difference (P < 0.05). The gross examination and X-ray of bone defect area in group A showed that its bone structure and density were very close to those of normal bone (all materials were absorbed, and newly formed bone cells were active); the CT value of alveolar bone in groups A, B, C, and D was 1,092.45± 15.87 g/cm3, 932.26± 16.75 g/cm3, 859.51 ±17.86 g/cm3, and 787.96± 16.54 g/cm3, respectively. There was no marked difference in CT values between group A and normal alveolar bone (P > 0.05), while the CT value of alveolar bone in group A was higher obviously than the value of groups C and D (P < 0.05). It indicated that the composite stent based on sol–gel micro-nano biphasic calcium BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA could promote the repair of oral alveolar bone defect and its osteogenesis, thereby providing a reference for the oral clinical treatment of periodontal bone defects.
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Wang, Penglai, Wen Wang, Tengyu Geng, Yi Liu, Shaoyue Zhu, Zongxiang Liu, and Changyong Yuan. "EphrinB2 regulates osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and alveolar bone defect regeneration in beagles." Journal of Tissue Engineering 10 (January 2019): 204173141989436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731419894361.
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EphrinB2, a membrane protein regulating bone homeostasis, has been demonstrated to induce osteogenic gene expression in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ephrinB2 on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and on alveolar bone regeneration in vivo. We assessed the osteogenic gene expression and osteogenic differentiation potential of ephrinB2-modified human and canine periodontal ligament stem cells, in which ephrinB2 expression was upregulated via lentiviral vector transduction. EphrinB2-modified canine periodontal ligament stem cells combined with PuraMatrix were delivered to critical-sized alveolar bone defects in beagles to evaluate bone regeneration. Results showed that ephrinB2 overexpression enhanced osteogenic gene transcription and mineral deposition in both human and canine periodontal ligament stem cells. Animal experiments confirmed that ephrinB2-modified canine periodontal ligament stem cells + PuraMatrix resulted in greater trabecular bone volume per tissue volume and trabecular thickness compared with other groups. Our study demonstrated that ephrinB2 promoted osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and alveolar bone repair in beagles, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of alveolar bone damage.
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Doroshenko, O., and O. Bida. "Features of substitution of defects of tooth rows in persons with periodontal tissue diseases of different severity." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 105, no. 1 (2021): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2021-1-82.
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Resume. The high prevalence of periodontal disease causes the urgency of finding ways to improve methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications of this disease. The complex clinical picture requires a differentiated approach to the choice of orthopedic rehabilitation of such patients taking into account the patient's age, degree of pathological changes and activity of the pathological process with mandatory immobilization of movable teeth by different types of splints and splint dentures. Depending on the degree of pathological changes in periodontal tissues, the size and topography of dentition defects and the severity of destructive-resorptive processes in the alveolar bone, the replacement of dentition defects should be planned using dental implants and splinttype dentures. The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of orthopedic treatment of periodontal diseases, burdened by defects of the dentition through the differentiated use of dental implants and splinting structures. Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 237 patients with clinically diagnosed periodontitis I–III degree, burdened by partial loss of teeth. From the specified contingent of persons we carried out orthopedic treatment of 98 patients aged from 30 to 69 years with periodontal diseases of various severity, aggravated by defects of dentitions of various size and localization. Cone-beam computed tomography was used for objective quantitative and qualitative assessment of periodontal tissue and bone tissue of the edentulous jaw in individuals with various clinical forms of periodontal disease, to determine the relative densitometric density of bone tissue, when planning dental implantation and for control its results. The localization of supracontacts was determined by occlusion. Diagnosis and elimination of traumatic occlusion were performed according to Jenkelson and Schuller [3]. Evaluation of the stability of dental implants was performed by frequency – resonance analysis of the stability of dental implants using the Osstell ISQ device. Results. According to the results of examination of 237 people and the division of patients into three age groups, the clinical features of the pathological process in the age aspect were established. The results of computed tomography of the dental apparatus of the subjects showed that periodontal disease in the age aspect in the dynamics is accompanied by the severity of destructive-resorptive processes in the alveolar bone, which are manifested in a decrease in the relative densitometric density of bone marrow and bone loss. Orthopedic rehabilitation of this contingent of persons was performed with the use of biologically indifferent structural materials and splinting orthopedic structures, including splinting of abutment teeth, removable prosthetics and dental implantation, as well as accompanying physiotherapy of prostheses. In the case of periodontitis of I–II degree with sufficient volume and density of bone tissue in the area of the dentition defect, high clinical efficacy was shown by the use of dental implantation in the case of gradual loading of the dental implant using a superstructure of own development. In the presence of medium and large defects of the dentition on the background of periodontitis II–III severity in the presence of significant pathological mobility of abutment teeth and insufficient volume and density of bone tissue in the area of the defect sufficient clinical effectiveness showed the use of removable dentures own design. Conclusions. Periodontal diseases in the age aspect in the dynamics are accompanied by pronounced destructive-resorptive processes in the alveolar bone, which are manifested by a decrease in the relative densitometric density of bone tissue and progressive loss of height of the alveolar process. Timely application of dental implantation due to the dosed gradual occlusal load on the alveolar bone helps to preserve the structure of the alveolar bone and the height of the alveolar process. In the presence of medium and large defects of the dentition on the background of periodontitis II–III severity in the presence of significant pathological mobility of abutment teeth and insufficient volume and density of bone tissue in the area of the dentition defect, the use of removable dentures of splinttype design is shown. To prevent complications of prosthetics and prolong the use of orthopedic structures, it is advisable to use photodynamic maintenance therapy. Key words: periodontal tissue disease, dentition defect, dental implantation, splint-type denture.
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Stepanova, Yulia V., Margarita S. Tsyplakova, Anna S. Usoltseva, Natela I. Enukashvili, Varvara V. Bagaeva, Mikhail G. Semyonov, Tatiana V. Murashko, and Karina G. Ponamareva. "The use of cellular technologies in the treatment of children with congenital cleft palate." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 5, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors5431-37.
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Background. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of differentiation in the osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic directions that are widely used in the development of new cellular biomedical technologies.
Aim. We investigated the effect of MSCs on osteogenesis in the congenital defect of the alveolar process of the upper jaw with the aim of improving the treatment results for children with congenital cleft palate.
Materials and methods. At the department of maxillofacial surgery of the Turner Institute for Children’s Orthopedics, 46 patients with a diagnosis of congenital cleft palate were observed in 2017. Six patients with congenital cleft palate in the region of the defect of the hard palate and the alveolar process of the upper jaw underwent uranoplasty and implantation of a mixture (1 : 4) of MSCs and preosteocytes derived from them on the osteogenic membrane. The control group consisted of 40 age-matched patients who underwent the same surgery but without the use of MSCs. The distance between the cleaved portions of the alveolar process of the upper jaw ranged from 0.5–1.0 cm. The follow-up period was 6–9 months.
Results. On X-ray examination 6–9 months after the operation in the bone defect area and implantation of MSCs in all patients, tissue with a density corresponding to that of bone was found. In the control group, bone tissue was not formed in the diastasis of the alveolar bone. There were no significant differences in the timing of wound healing and course of the postoperative period.
Сonclusion. Tissue engineering helped in the treatment of severe congenital malformations of the maxillofacial area. There are good prospects for using MSCs in the surgical treatment of defects of the facial skeleton.
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Kalicanin, Biljana, Zorica Ajdukovic, Milena Kostic, Stevo Najman, Vojin Savic, and Nenad Ignjatovic. "The role of synthetic biomaterials in resorptive alveolar bone regeneration." Chemical Industry 61, no. 2 (2007): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0702096k.
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The alveolar bone tissue resorption defect has a significant role in dentistry. Because of the bone tissue deficit developed by alveolar resorption, the use of synthetic material CP/PLGA (calcium-phosphate/polylactide-co-gliycolide) composite was introduced. Investigations were performed on rats with artificially produced resorption of the mandibular bone. The results show that the best effect on alveolar bone were attained by using nano-composite implants. The effect of the nanocomposite was ascertained by determining the calcium and phosphate content, as a basis of the hydroxyapatite structure. The results show that synthetic CP/PLGA nanocomposite alleviate the rehabilitation of weakened alveolar bone. Due to its osteoconductive effect, CP/PLGA can be the material of choice for bone substitution in the future.
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Al-Juboori, Mohammed Jasim. "Conservative Socket Regeneration with Buccal Wall Defect Using Guided Tissue." Open Dentistry Journal 10, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601610010561.
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Progressive alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction may lead to surgical and prosthetic-driven difficulties, especially when deciding to use a dental implant to replace the extracted tooth. This case report discusses an irreparable lower left second premolar tooth with a periodontal lesion on the buccal side. A preservative tooth extraction was performed. Then, the socket was grafted with bovine bone, a collagen membrane was placed between the buccal bone and the attached gingiva, covering the bone dehiscence buccally, and the socket without a flap was raised. After a 6-month healing period, there was minimal socket width resorption and a shallow buccal vestibule. The implant was placed with high primary stability and sufficient buccal plate thickness. In conclusion, this guided tissue regeneration technique can minimize alveolar bone resorption in a socket with buccal dehiscence, but technical difficulties and shallowing of the buccal vestibule still exist.