Journal articles: 'Aluminyl Anion'

1

Hicks, Jamie, Petra Vasko, Jose M. Goicoechea, and Simon Aldridge. "Synthesis, structure and reaction chemistry of a nucleophilic aluminyl anion." Nature 557, no. 7703 (April 16, 2018): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0037-y.

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Hicks, Jamie, Petra Vasko, Jose M. Goicoechea, and Simon Aldridge. "Publisher Correction: Synthesis, structure and reaction chemistry of a nucleophilic aluminyl anion." Nature 560, no. 7717 (June 4, 2018): E24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0168-1.

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Schwamm, Ryan J., Mathew D. Anker, Matthias Lein, and Martyn P. Coles. "Reduction vs. Addition: The Reaction of an Aluminyl Anion with 1,3,5,7‐Cyclooctatetraene." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 5 (January 28, 2019): 1489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201811675.

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4

Kodama, Takuya. "Novel Development of Umpolung at Main Group Element: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Nucleophilic Aluminyl Anion." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 77, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.1247.

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5

Koshino, Kota, and Rei Kinjo. "Construction of σ-Aromatic AlB2 Ring via Borane Coupling with a Dicoordinate Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Aluminyl Anion." Journal of the American Chemical Society 142, no. 19 (April 23, 2020): 9057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c03179.

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Evans, Matthew J., Mathew D. Anker, and Martyn P. Coles. "Oxidative Addition of Hydridic, Protic, and Nonpolar E–H Bonds (E = Si, P, N, or O) to an Aluminyl Anion." Inorganic Chemistry 60, no. 7 (March 16, 2021): 4772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03735.

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Brudzisz, Anna M., Damian Giziński, and Wojciech J. Stępniowski. "Incorporation of Ions into Nanostructured Anodic Oxides—Mechanism and Functionalities." Molecules 26, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 6378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216378.

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Anodic oxidation of metals leads to the formation of ordered nanoporous or nanotubular oxide layers that contribute to numerous existing and emerging applications. However, there are still numerous fundamental aspects of anodizing that have to be well understood and require deeper understanding. Anodization of metals is accompanied by the inevitable phenomenon of anion incorporation, which is discussed in detail in this review. Additionally, the influence of anion incorporation into anodic alumina and its impact on various properties is elaborated. The literature reports on the impact of the incorporated electrolyte anions on photoluminescence, galvanoluminescence and refractive index of anodic alumina are analyzed. Additionally, the influence of the type and amount of the incorporated anions on the chemical properties of anodic alumina, based on the literature data, was also shown to be important. The role of fluoride anions in d-electronic metal anodizing is shown to be important in the formation of nanostructured morphology. Additionally, the impact of incorporated anionic species, such as ruthenites, and their influence on anodic oxides formation, such as titania, reveals how the phenomenon of anion incorporation can be beneficial.

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Wang, Huali, Sichen Gu, Ying Bai, Shi Chen, Na Zhu, Chuan Wu, and Feng Wu. "Anion-effects on electrochemical properties of ionic liquid electrolytes for rechargeable aluminum batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 45 (2015): 22677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06187c.

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Anion-effects are embodied in: (1) halogen anions resulting from different halogenated imidazole salt species, which is the critical factor for electrochemical windows; (2) aluminum chloride anions resulting from different AlCl₃/imidazole salt mole ratios, which is the determinant of electrochemical activities.

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TERASAKI, A., T. TSUKUDA, H. YASUMATSU, T. SUGAI, and T. KONDOW. "FRAGMENTATION OF ALUMINUM-CLUSTER ANIONS IN COLLISION WITH A SOLID SURFACE." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (February 1996): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96001066.

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Dynamical processes involved in the scattering of aluminum-cluster anions, [Formula: see text](4≤N≤25), from a silicon surface were investigated. The scattered anions observed were fragment cluster anions, [Formula: see text](n≤N). The recoil velocities of these fragment anions were evaluated by analyzing both the angular dependence of their intensity and the collision-energy dependence of their time-of-flight. The recoil energy of each fragment anion thus obtained suggests that the fragmentation process involves not only sequential evaporation of aluminum atoms but also fission into fragment clusters. Comparison of the present result with that of the collision-induced dissociation with a rare-gas atom indicates that the electron transfer between the cluster and the surface plays an important role.

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Iqbal, Muhammad Ahsan, Luyi Sun, Allyson T. Barrett, and Michele Fedel. "Layered Double Hydroxide Protective Films Developed on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys: Synthetic Methods and Anti-Corrosion Mechanisms." Coatings 10, no. 4 (April 25, 2020): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040428.

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This work reviews the characteristics of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in the context of protective thin films to enhance the corrosion resistance properties of aluminum alloys. A discussion is made in detail about the LDH protection mechanism and the effect of synthesis approaches on LDH structural variations and the corresponding anti-corrosion behavior. LDHs anion-exchange behavior to host inorganic/organic anions makes them a potential material to investigate for anti-corrosion film. This unique advantage and the availability of a wide range of metal oxide-based layers, interlayer anions, and self-healing properties make LDH family an attractive choice for the development of compact LDHs based smart coating systems.

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Ma, M., and K. E. Johnson. "Some physicochemical characteristics of molten salts derived from trimethylsulfonium bromide." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-076.

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Ambient temperature melts were derived from trimethylsulfonium bromide (TMSuBr) and AlBr3, AlCl3, or HBr. The aluminum halide melts have low-wavelength UV cutoffs and single-band 1H NMR spectra. In the TMSuBr–HBr system, the formation of HBr2− and likely existence of H2Br3− are indicated by 1H NMR and IR spectra. Conductivity and viscosity data indicate stronger TMSu+–anion interactions than those between substituted imidazolium and halide anions. A Grotthus mechanism may operate for conduction in TMSuBr:HBr melts. Keywords: ambiant temperature melts, trimethylsulfonium–anion itneractions, Grotthus mechanism.

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12

Yakovtseva, Valentina, Dimitry Shimanovich, Vitaly Sokol, Alexey Subko, and Vitaly Bondarenko. "Express-Method for the Study of Electrolyte Anion Profiles in the Bulk of Dense Anodic Alumina Films." MRS Advances 3, no. 11 (2018): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.24.

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ABSTRACTThe procedure proposed is the express method for the study of anion distribution profiles in the anodic aluminum oxide film. The method consists in measuring the variation of the steady-state electrode potential during the oxide etching. It allows the influence of the initial aluminum composition, the electrolyte composition, anodization regimes, etc. on the characteristics of dense anodic alumina films to be studied. The method developed can be used to study a chemical evolution in anodic alumina formed to correlate with modelling and simulations across materials science disciplines.

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McMurray, H. N., and G. Williams. "Inhibition of Filiform Corrosion on Organic-Coated Aluminum Alloy by Hydrotalcite-Like Anion-Exchange Pigments." Corrosion 60, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3287724.

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Abstract Novel anion-exchange anticorrosion pigments consisting of nitrate-, carbonate-, and chromate-exchanged hydrotalcite (HT) are shown to inhibit the propagation of filiform corrosion (FFC) effectively on organic-coated aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3 [UNS A92024]) alloy. The HT-pigments are dispersed in polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coatings applied to the AA2024-T3 surface. Following FFC initiation by application of controlled amounts of aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) to a penetrative coating defect, the time-dependent extent of coating delamination is determined both optically and by repeated in-situ scanning using a scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) apparatus. All the HT-pigments profoundly reduce rates of coating delamination by comparison to unpigmented samples. However, inhibitor efficiency is dependent upon the exchangeable anion and increases in the order: carbonate < nitrate < chromate. It is also shown that by using SKP potentiometry, exchangeable chromate anions interact specifically with the metal surface to depress free corrosion potential values.

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KONDOW, TAMOTSU. "REACTION PROCESSES INVOLVING GAS-PHASE CLUSTERS." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 01 (February 1996): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96001133.

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Gas-phase clusters exhibit specific reactivities which mainly arise from their unique geometric and electronic structures, and collective vibrations due to a limited number of the constituent atoms and molecules. In order to elucidate the specificities of the reaction processes involving the clusters, we describe several examples including our studies on collisional dissociation of size-selected sodium-cluster ions with rare-gas atoms, and impact of size-selected aluminum-cluster anions and [Formula: see text] with a silicon surface. In particular, the essential features of the cluster-anion-surface collision are elucidated. A dynamic solvent effect on the dissociation of [Formula: see text] is observed in the [Formula: see text] system.

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15

Jha, Sangeeta, G. L. Mundhara, R. M. Sharma, and J. S. Tiwari. "Chromatographic Utilization of the Sorption Behaviour of Some Nitrophenols on Acid-Treated Alumina." Adsorption Science & Technology 9, no. 2 (June 1992): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749200900204.

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Alumina for adsorption chromatography has been subjected to chemical pretreatment with HNO3 and CH3COOH of various concentrations and samples of surface-phase pH 1.5–9.0 [Al2O3(n)] and 3.0–9.0 [Al2O3(a)] prepared. The surface area, NO−3 and CH3COO− ion content and OH− ion-exchange capacity of the samples were determined. Sorption/desorption studies of the nitrophenols, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid, PA), from aqueous solution under a variety of experimental conditions, were carried out on the substrates. Sorption was found to depend on the pH of the substrate and the acid used for pretreatment. Mximum sorption was observed at pH 6.0 [Al2O3(n)] and pH 5.0 [Al2O3(a)]. The process was fast (10 min to 24 h) and exothermic (30–60°C), with low values for the isosteric heats of adsorption (−7 to −64 kJ/mol). The desorption efficiency and retarding influence of the anions on adsorption was in the order: PO3–4 > C2O2–4 > SO2–4 > CH3COO− > NO−3 Acid treatment, and hence the anion present (NO−3 or CH3COO−), appears to modify the sorption properties of alumina significantly. Anion-exchange sorption and weak chemical interactions (hydrogen bonding and π-electron interaction) appear to control the sorption of the solutes on pretreated alumina. The distribution coefficients for adsorption and desorption have been determined, and on the basis of these data the elution behaviour and column chromatography of the system examined.

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Angell, Michael, Chun-Jern Pan, Youmin Rong, Chunze Yuan, Meng-Chang Lin, Bing-Joe Hwang, and Hongjie Dai. "High Coulombic efficiency aluminum-ion battery using an AlCl3-urea ionic liquid analog electrolyte." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 5 (January 17, 2017): 834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619795114.

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In recent years, impressive advances in harvesting renewable energy have led to a pressing demand for the complimentary energy storage technology. Here, a high Coulombic efficiency (∼99.7%) Al battery is developed using earth-abundant aluminum as the anode, graphite as the cathode, and a cheap ionic liquid analog electrolyte made from a mixture of AlCl3and urea in a 1.3:1 molar ratio. The battery displays discharge voltage plateaus around 1.9 and 1.5 V (average discharge = 1.73 V) and yielded a specific cathode capacity of ∼73 mAh g−1at a current density of 100 mA g−1(∼1.4 C). High Coulombic efficiency over a range of charge–discharge rates and stability over ∼150–200 cycles was easily demonstrated. In situ Raman spectroscopy clearly showed chloroaluminate anion intercalation/deintercalation of graphite (positive electrode) during charge–discharge and suggested the formation of a stage 2 graphite intercalation compound when fully charged. Raman spectroscopy and NMR suggested the existence of AlCl4−, Al2Cl7−anions and [AlCl2·(urea)n]+cations in the AlCl3/urea electrolyte when an excess of AlCl3was present. Aluminum deposition therefore proceeded through two pathways, one involving Al2Cl7−anions and the other involving [AlCl2·(urea)n]+cations. This battery is a promising prospect for a future high-performance, low-cost energy storage device.

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17

Lin, Zejing, Minglei Mao, Chenxing Yang, Yuxin Tong, Qinghao Li, Jinming Yue, Gaojing Yang, et al. "Amorphous anion-rich titanium polysulfides for aluminum-ion batteries." Science Advances 7, no. 35 (August 2021): eabg6314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg6314.

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The strong electrostatic interaction between Al3+ and close-packed crystalline structures, and the single-electron transfer ability of traditional cationic redox cathodes, pose challenged for the development of high-performance rechargeable aluminum batteries. Here, to break the confinement of fixed lattice spacing on the diffusion and storage of Al-ion, we developed a previously unexplored family of amorphous anion-rich titanium polysulfides (a-TiSx, x = 2, 3, and 4) (AATPs) with a high concentration of defects and a large number of anionic redox centers. The AATP cathodes, especially a-TiS4, achieved a high reversible capacity of 206 mAh/g with a long duration of 1000 cycles. Further, the spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that sulfur anions in the AATP cathodes act as the main redox centers to reach local electroneutrality. Simultaneously, titanium cations serve as the supporting frameworks, undergoing the evolution of coordination numbers in the local structure.

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18

Anderson, I. M. "The Study of Structural Disorder in Spinel by ALCHEMI." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 356–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600027859.

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The mineral spinel (MgAl2O4) is a candidate material for proposed fusion reactors because of its resistance to structural damage during irradiation. When irradiated to high damage levels, spinel is eventually driven amorphous. However, at lower fluences the nearly cubic close packed arrangement of the oxygen anions remains intact, as indicated by electron diffraction patterns consistent with a face centered cubic Bravais lattice. in this regime, the damage to the material is manifested primarily in the redistribution of the magnesium and aluminum cations among the interstices of the anion sublattice. For ion irradiation, the study of these early stages of damage is well suited to electron beam characterization methods, because the damage is spatially localized at the nearsurface region. Electron diffraction methods have been used for the characterization of cation disorder, but are notoriously unreliable because the similarity in the elastic scattering cross sections offers little discrimination between the magnesium and aluminum cations.

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Schoetz, Theresa, Jeffrey H. Xu, Jonah Wang, Surabh S. Kt, Christopher Ilkow, and Robert J. Messinger. "Towards Rechargeable Aluminum Metal Batteries for Low-Temperature Space & Electromobility Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 24 (October 9, 2022): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0224999mtgabs.

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Rechargeable aluminum metal batteries are promising next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to the high energy density, inherent safety, low cost, earth abundance, and recyclability of aluminum. Aluminum batteries using graphite cathodes and chloroaluminate-containing electrolytes have recently been the focus of intense research in the energy storage and electroplating community, particularly due to their fast-charging capabilities. Engineered graphite cathodes have been shown to exhibit supercapacitor-like rate performance since chloroaluminate anions intercalate into graphite with significant pseudocapacitive characteristics1,2. Batteries with high considerable pseudocapacitive charge storage3 are especially attractive for energy storage systems that need to function at low temperatures and ideally exhibit high specific power. For example, robotic spacecraft that embark on planetary science missions often have typical mission temperature targets of -40 to -60 °C. However, state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries with predominant faradaic diffusion-limited charge storage suffer from lithium plating, dendritic growth, and severe capacity loss at low temperatures. While organic electrolyte mixtures have been developed that enable moderate low-temperature performance, new battery concepts, including those using ionic liquid electrolytes, are needed to enable new paradigms for low-temperature space missions and electromobility. Herein we present, for the first time, results towards rechargeable aluminum-graphite batteries designed specifically for low-temperature applications that demonstrate high capacity retention and favorable electrochemical kinetics at temperatures down to -40 °C. We first disentangle quantitatively the faradaic diffusion-limited, pseudocapacitive, and capacitive contributions to the overall charge storage for different graphite materials. Moreover, we shed light on the relationships between graphite structure, ion mass transport, and the overall rates of electrochemical aluminum deposition/dissolution and chloroaluminate anion intercalation. We then develop ionic liquid electrolytes with mixed anion-cation compositions to impart disorder and disrupt crystallization at low temperatures. The resulting aluminum-graphite batteries were characterized by variable-temperature and rate cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to understand their reaction mechanisms and factors limiting their rate performance. The ionic liquid electrolyte mixtures were also characterized by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electrochemical methods to understand their freezing points and electrochemical stability. The results provide fundamental insights into the design of aluminum-graphite batteries for low-temperature space and electromobility applications. References [1] J.H. Xu, T. Schoetz, J.R. McManus, V.R. Subramanian, P.W. Fields, R.J. Messinger, Tunable pseudocapacitive intercalation of chloroaluminate anions into graphite electrodes for rechargeable aluminum batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc. 168 (6) (2021), 060514. [2] J.H. Xu, D.E. Turney, A.L. Jadhav, R.J. Messinger, Effects of graphite structure and ion transport on the electrochemical properties of rechargeable aluminum-graphite batteries, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2 (11) (2019) 7799–7810. [3] T.Schoetz, L.W.Gordon, S.Ivanov, A.Bund, D.Mandler, R.J.Messinger, Disentangling faradaic, pseudocapacitive, and capacitive charge storage: A tutorial for the characterization of batteries, supercapacitors, and hybrid systems, Electrochimica Acta 412 (2022), 140072.

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Chien, Chuan Chi, Shui Wen Chang-Chien, Min Chao Wang, Yuan Chung Liao, Yueh Shih Lu, and Tsung Yin Yang. "Improvement of Acid Clay Using Calcium-Rich By-Product Recovered from Petroleum De-Sulfur Operation." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.276.

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The objective of this research is to study the efficiency of acclimating the Tapumei Series red clay collected from Ming-Tou, Na-Tou in central Taiwan by using the calcium-rich by-product recovered from the CFB (Circulation Fluidized-Bed Boiler) de-sulfur operation. At the end of the testing period, the samples were dried, sieved and analyzed for pH, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, and aluminum. The plant growth was observed for 7 weeks in order to investigate the influence of soil improvement on the growth and production of corn. The results reveal that all samples show an initial sharp increase from 3 to 7.5, 8.1, 8.4 and 8.6 for samples added with 18, 27, 36 and 45 tons/hectare of lime, respectively, and the final pH values after 6 months were 6.5, 7.2, 7.6 and 7.9, respectively. The lime treatment increases the soil exchangeable anion concentrations and reduces the aluminum ion concentration. This is because that the recovered CBF by-product is rich in CaO that neutralizes the soil H+ and raises the soil pH. Additionally, the anions contained in the by-product will also enhance the soil nutrients and lower the solubility of aluminum.

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21

Yang, Meei-Ju, Shwu-Yuan Lee, Chieh-I. Liu, Shih-Hsuan Chen, Iou-Zen Chen, Tsung-Chen Su, Jeu-Ming P. Yuann, Chien-Wei Cheng, Shiuh-Tsuen Huang, and Ji-Yuan Liang. "Catechin Photolysis Suppression by Aluminum Chloride under Alkaline Conditions and Assessment with Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 5985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245985.

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Tea is rich in catechins and aluminum. In this study, the process of catechin photolysis was applied as a model for examining the effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on the structural changes of catechin and the alteration of aluminum complexes under blue light irradiation (BLI) at pH 8 using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Additionally, the effects of anions on catechin upon the addition of AlCl3 and treatment with BLI were also studied. In this study, when 1 mM catechin was treated with BLI, a superoxide anion radical (O2•−) was generated in an air-saturated aqueous solution, in addition to forming a dimeric catechin (proanthocyanidin) via a photon-induced redox reaction. The relative percentage of catechin was found to be 59.0 and 95.7 for catechin treated with BLI and catechin upon the addition of 1 mM AlCl3 treated with BLI, respectively. It suggested that catechin treated with BLI could be suppressed by AlCl3, while AlCl3 did not form a complex with catechin in the photolytic system. However, under the same conditions, it was also found that the addition of AlCl3 inhibited the photolytic formation of O2•−, and reduced the generation of proanthocyanidin, suggesting that the disconnection of proanthocyanidin was achieved by AlCl3 acting as a catalyst under treatment with BLI. The influence of 1 mM fluoride (F−) and 1 mM oxalate (C2O42−) ions on the photolysis of 1 mM catechin upon the addition of 1 mM AlCl3 and treatment with BLI was found to be insignificant, implying that, during the photolysis of catechin, the Al species were either neutral or negatively charged and the aluminum species did not form a complex with anions in the photolytic system. Therefore, aluminum, which is an amphoteric species, has an inherent potential to stabilize the photolysis of catechin in an alkaline conditions, while suppressing the O2•− and proanthocyanidin generation via aluminum ion catalysis in the catechin/Al system under treatment with BLI.

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Lukic, Dragoljub, Jurij Vucina, and Slobodan Milonjic. "Sorption of rhenium on alumina under dynamic conditions." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72, no. 6 (2007): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0706555l.

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The sorption of perrhenate anion on alumina from aqueous solutions of sodium chloride was investigated under dynamic conditions. The initial concentrations of rhenium were in the range of 2.7x10-2-2.7 mmol/dm3. The breakthrough curves as the function of Re and NaCl concentrations (0.12-0.20 mol/dm3), pH 2-6 and flow rate 3-10 ml/min were determined. According to the experimental results, it was concluded that the breakthrough capacities, the capacities at c/c0 = 0.5, the total column capacities and the utilization degrees (column efficiency) increase with increasing Re and NaCl concentrations and decreasing pH. The optimal flow rate was found to be 3 ml/min. At pH2 and c0 = 2.7 mmol Re/dm3, the total capacity was found to be Q 0.9 max = 2.1x10-2 mmol Re/g Al2O3. The data for perrhenate anions fit with a Henry-type isotherm. It was found that, under the above mentioned conditions, the value of the Henry constant K H was 7.8x10-3 dm3/g and the Gibbs energy change, ?G was -0.5 kJ/mol.

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Zhou, G. W., A. Kuznetsova, M. D. Bhardwaj, J. T. Yates, and J. C. Yang. "The Improved Passivation of Aluminum and Structure of Amorphous Alumina Formed on Aluminum During Oxidation in Various Environments." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032682.

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Nearly all metals form a passivation film due to oxidation in air at ambient temperatures, that acts as a diffusion barrier to protect the materials from further corrosion. Aluminum demonstrates excellent passivation behavior due to the formation of a protective amorphous alumina film during exposure to air at ambient temperatures. However, H. Ebinger and J. Yates discovered that the passivation of aluminum can be significantly improved by artificial oxidation. Both electron-beam induced oxidation in water vapor and oxidation in ozone atmospheres3 showed higher impedance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements to anion diffusion than the thermally grown oxides. To understand the nature of this beneficial passivation, we probed the microstructure of these amorphous oxide films by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The oxide films were grown on a polycrystalline Al substrate. The Al substrate was cleaned with a sputter cleaner inside a UHV (ultra-high vacuum) system.

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24

Wang, Haopeng, Xinxing Zhang, Yeon Jae Ko, Andrej Grubisic, Xiang Li, Gerd Ganteför, Hansgeorg Schnöckel, et al. "Aluminum Zintl anion moieties within sodium aluminum clusters." Journal of Chemical Physics 140, no. 5 (February 7, 2014): 054301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4862989.

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25

Wang, Ya, Hai Wang, and Wei Wan. "The Incorporation of Carbon Element into Nanoporous Anodic Alumina by Pulse Anodization." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16126.

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The incorporation of carbon element into nanoporous anodic aluminum oxides from oxalic acid electrolyte was studied. The carbon element content in nanoporous anodic alumina by pulse anodization reaches up to ∼20 at.%, while it remains ∼7 at.% under constant anodization. It was proposed that the ionic dynamics in nanopores governs the carbon-containing anions incorporation into nanoporous anodic oxides. For the same 20 V resting voltage, the content of carbon element remains unchanged in a broad range of working voltages: 40–150 V. X-ray photoelectron analysis further revealed that the sp2/sp3 and C–O/C═O ratios increased significantly as the working voltage increased. The color exhibited by the nanoporous anodic alumina was related to the chemical states of the carbon present in the alumina, and not the carbon content.

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26

Colton, R., and PG Eller. "Aluminium-27 N.M.R. Studies of Aluminum Fluoro Complexes in Dichloromethane Solution: Evidence for the Tetrafluoroaluminate Anion." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 9 (1989): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9891605.

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Mixed aluminium chloro/fluoro anions are formed in dichloromethane solution by the interaction of AICl3 and [Ph3PhCH2P][H2F3]. Aluminium-27 n.m.r. studies are restricted to the stoichiometric ranges F/AI from 1 : 1 to 3 : 1 and F/AI > 8 : 1. Between these limits rapid precipitation reactions occur. In the fluoride-rich stoichiometric range there is rapid exchange on the n.m.r. time scale between the aluminium fluoro anion and free fluoride, so that a direct identification of the species by the multiplicity of the resonance is not possible. Indirect evidence strongly suggests that the aluminium species is [AIF4. In the F/AI stoichiometry range from 1 : 1 to 3 : 1 aluminium-27 resonances were observed for all the other possible [AICIxF4-x]- species. Studies on the aluminium \iodo/fluoro system support the identification of [AIF4]-, but the system is labile and the mixed iodo/fluoro species undergo rapid disproportionation.

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27

Li, Xiang, Andrej Grubisic, Soren Eustis, Di Wang, Thomas Lectka, Gerd F. Ganteför, Kit H. Bowen, R. Burgert, and H. Schnöckel. "The reaction of aluminum cluster anions with tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDMAE): Insertion of an aluminum anion into a C–N bond." Chemical Physics Letters 481, no. 4-6 (October 2009): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2009.09.101.

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28

Yamashita, Makoto. "Characteristic Reactions of Nucleophilic Aluminum Anion." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 79, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.457.

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29

Ginting, Sahta, Bruce B. Johnson, and Sabine Wilkens. "Alleviation of aluminium phytotoxicity on soybean growth by organic anions in nutrient solutions." Functional Plant Biology 25, no. 8 (1998): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98048.

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The effect of aluminium (Al) phytotoxicity on the growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. ‘Forrest’ in nutrient solutions (pH 4.25) and its alleviation by organic anions has been investigated. Both 100 and 500 µM Al caused significant reduction in root and shoot lengths and root dry weights over 15 days. Citrate, oxalate, tartrate, malate, malonate and lactate at 1000 µM and humic acid at 1 g L-1 were used to alleviate phytotoxicity caused by the presence of 500 µM Al. The effectiveness of the organic anions in alleviating Al phytotoxicity, measured by the change in root length, was in the order oxalate > citrate ≈ tartrate ≈ malate > malonate >> lactate. Humic acid at 1 g L-1 proved almost as effective as 1000 µM citrate. When the remaining fraction of phytotoxic aluminium was measured by the aluminon method and the results combined with calculated values obtained from stability constant data, the order of effectiveness of complexation was citrate > oxalate > tartrate ≈ malate ≈ malonate >> lactate. It was concluded that benefits other than from simple complexation of phytotoxic aluminium were provided by the organic anions. Three of the anions were also used at different concentrations; these were citrate and oxalate (at 250, 500 and 1000 µM) and humic acid (at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g L-1 ). For citrate and oxalate, it was found that the concentration of the organic anion must be at least that of the Al to reduce phytotoxicity significantly, and twice as much oxalate as citrate was required to achieve the same reduction in phytotoxicity.

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Vlasovskikh, Natalia S., Ruslan Kh Khamizov, Lilia P. Moroshkina, Anna N. Krachak, Aleksandra N. Gruzdeva, and Sultan Kh Khamizov. "Acid Retardation method of separation for closed-circuit processing of alumina-containing raw materials with the use of salt-acid digestion." Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы 17, no. 6 (February 22, 2018): 877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2017.17/448.

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A brief overview and critical analysis of acid and acid-salt methods for processing alumina raw materials, including high-silica bauxite, nepheline and clay is presented. The basic approaches to the creation of closed and reagent-less or low-reagent-consumption processes are demonstrated. The results obtained in the course of long-term systematic laboratory and bench studies are presented, and they display the prospects for the creation of new technologies for the production of alumina from high silica bauxite and aluminum silicates with the use of different nitrate and sulfate reagents. In the case of using acids, the sorption method of «Acid Retardation» in nano-porous media is shown to be successfully used for recycling them into the process head and to ensure soft conditions for the removal of iron components. This stage is realized with the use of strong base anion exchanger, preliminarily equilibrated with the macro-anion composition of solutions to be processed and washed with water or diluted acid solution. The AR process in three phase systems including organic liquids immiscible with water solutions (“New Chem” method) is also described, a this is also important to provide the complete insulation of concentrated salt solution and to simplify its farther treatment. A circular process with the recovery and consumption of the same amount of salt reagent in each cycle is demonstrated. A comparison of digestion methods is given in terms of the completeness of reagent recycling, the quality of product and the complexity of the process. Advisable conditions for the production of alumina from non-traditional raw with salt-acid decomposition are shown. As it is shown, the most in demand are the processes, which fully or partially can be «inscribed» in modern equipment design and process conditions corresponding to the standard Bayer method or its industrial modifications

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Borrmann, Guido, and Andreas Seubert. "Aluminum speciation by means of anion chromatography and coupled anion/cation chromatography." Analytica Chimica Acta 386, no. 1-2 (April 1999): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00006-9.

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32

Richardson, Ian G. "Model structures for C-(A)-S-H(I)." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 70, no. 6 (November 8, 2014): 903–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520614021982.

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C-(A)-S-H(I) is a calcium silicate hydrate that is studied extensively as a model for the main binding phase in concrete. It is a structurally imperfect form of 14 Å tobermorite that has variable composition and length of (alumino)silicate anions. New structural–chemical formulae are presented for single- and double-chain tobermorite-based phases and equations are provided that can be used to calculate a number of useful quantities from29Si NMR data. It is shown that there are no interlayer calcium ions when the silicate chains are of infinite length and that one is added for each tetrahedral `bridging' site that is vacant. Preparations that have Ca/Si greater than about 1.4 include an intermixed Ca-rich phase. It is not possible to generate a structural model for a dimer that is crystal-chemically consistent with known calcium silicate hydrates if the starting structure is an orthotobermorite,i.e.of the type that has been used in all previous studies. Crystal-chemically plausible models are developed that are based instead on clinotobermorite. A number of models that represent different mean chain lengths are developed using crystal-chemical and geometrical reasoning. The models account for experimental observations, including variations in Ca/Si, H2O/Si, (alumino)silicate anion structure and layer spacing.

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Kaim, Wolfgang. "Zur Reaktion aromatischer Phosphanderivate mit Elektronen, III [1, 2] Phosphan-Borane, -Alane und -Gallane / On the Reaction of Aromatic Phosphane Derivatives with Electrons, III [1, 2] Phosphane-Boranes, -Alanes, and -Gallanes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-0114.

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The 1:2 molecular complexes formed from 1,4-phenylenebis(dimethylphosphane) and boranes, trialkyl-aluminum and -gallium have been reduced by potassium in THF in the presence of a K+- complexing crown ether. The bis(borane) complex anion radicals proved to be quite persistent, whereas corresponding aluminum radical complexes could only be observed below 240 K. The bis(trimethylgallium) complex gave gallium metal on reduction with potassium. An ESR spectroscopic comparison with the anion radicals of the free ligand, of corresponding chalcogenides, imines and phosphonium salts demonstrates negligible effects of P-complexation on the π spin distribution but high sensitivity of the 31P coupling constant towards coordination of electrophiles at the basic P(III) centers

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Gómez, Harry, Travis R. Taylor, and Daniel M. Neumark. "Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Aluminum Phosphide Clusters." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 105, no. 28 (July 2001): 6886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0105544.

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35

Zhang, Xinxing, Linjie Wang, Georgia R. Montone, Ann F. Gill, Gerd Ganteför, Bryan Eichhorn, Anil K. Kandalam, and Kit H. Bowen. "Low oxidation state aluminum-containing cluster anions: LAlH− and LAln− (n = 2–4, L = N[Si(Me)3]2)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 23 (2017): 15541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp01560g.

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Several low oxidation state aluminum-containing cluster anions, LAlH⁻ and LAl_n⁻ (n = 2–4, L = N[Si(Me)₃]₂), were produced via reactions between aluminum hydride cluster anions, Al_xH_y⁻, and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS).

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36

Wang, Haopeng, Yeon Jae Ko, Xinxing Zhang, Gerd Gantefoer, Hansgeorg Schnoeckel, Bryan W. Eichhorn, Puru Jena, Boggavarapu Kiran, Anil K. Kandalam, and Kit H. Bowen. "The viability of aluminum Zintl anion moieties within magnesium-aluminum clusters." Journal of Chemical Physics 140, no. 12 (March 28, 2014): 124309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4869104.

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37

Ephraim, Emmanuel K., Chinyere A. Anyama, Ayi A. Ayi, and Jude C. Onwuka. "Use of Nanostructured Layered Double Hydroxides as Nanofilters in the Removal of Fe2+and Ca2+Ions from Oil Wells." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5306825.

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Four new metal-aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDHs), Mg-Al(OH)2PO4(1), Mg-Al(OH)2PO4PF6(2), Ca-Al(OH)2SO4(3), and Ca-Al(OH)2PO4PF6(4), were prepared by the coprecipitation method followed by mild hydrothermal processing at 60°C. Mg2+and Ca2+in solution with Al3+were titrated with NaOH over 3–5 h to yield Mg-Al and Ca-Al layered double hydroxides, respectively, incorporating PO43−, PO43−PF6−, and SO42−anions in the interlamellar spaces. The isolated compounds were characterized with the help of XRD, IR, and SEM/EDAX, and their ability to remove scale-forming ions from the aqueous system was studied with the help of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The SEM micrographs of Mg-O-Al-OH and Ca-O-Al-OH layers intercalated with PO43−and/or [PO4PF6]4−anions are similar consisting of uniform nanospheres with an average size of 100 nm, while the M-O-Al-OH layer of compound3, intercalated with SO42−anions, consists of hexagonal nanoplate crystals. In the infrared spectra, the characteristic absorption band for water molecules was observed in all the compounds. The XRD pattern showed thatd012andd104peaks of M-Al-PO4LDHs corresponding to interplanar spacing of 3.4804 and 2.5504 Å, respectively, shifted to higher 2θvalues for the M-Al-PO4PF6system, which indicates a decrease in the interlamellar spacing as PF6−was incorporated along with PO43−anion. The XRD pattern for Ca-Al-SO4LDHs was quite different, showing the presence of low-angle peaks at 2θ = 11.68 and 14.72°. The results of the column adsorption studies showed that there was a significant removal of Ca2+by all the compounds under investigation with an efficiency of 84–99%. However, compounds1and2remove Fe2+effectively with the efficiency of 98.73 and 99.77%, respectively; compounds3and4were shown to have little or no effect.

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38

Zajączkowska, Lidia, Dariusz Siemiaszko, and Małgorzata Norek. "Towards Self-Organized Anodization of Aluminum in Malic Acid Solutions—New Aspects of Anodization in the Organic Acid." Materials 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 3899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173899.

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In this work, aluminum (Al) anodization in malic acid electrolytes of different concentrations (0.15 M, 0.25 M, and 0.5 M) was studied. The close-packed hexagonal pore structure was obtained for the first time in this organic acid in a 0.5 M solution, at 250 V and temperature of 5 °C. Moreover, the process was investigated as a function of the number of cycles carried out in the same electrolyte. A repetition of anodization under seemingly the same external electrochemical parameters (applied voltage, temperature, etc.) induced serious changes in the electrolyte. The changes were reflected in the current density vs. time curves and were most evident in the higher concentrated electrolytes. This phenomenon was tentatively explained by a massive incorporation of malate anions into anodic alumina (AAO) framework. The impoverishment of the electrolyte of the malate anions changed internal electrochemical conditions making easier the attraction of the anions to the Al anode and thus the AAO formation. The electrolyte modification was advantageous in terms of pore organization: In a 0.25 M solution, already after the second anodization, the pore arrangement transformed from irregular towards regular, hexagonal close-packed structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of this kind.

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39

Liu, Gaoxiang, Sandra M. Ciborowski, Georgia R. Montone, William H. Sawyer, Boggavarapu Kiran, Anil K. Kandalam, and Kit H. Bowen. "Ligated aluminum cluster anions, LAln− (n = 1–14, L = N[Si(Me)3]2)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 28 (2021): 15209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp01020d.

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40

Zhang, Hao-bo, Hui Chen, Xiao-ning Shi, Xiong Liu, and Guo-jian Duan. "Tribological properties of ionic liquids for steel/aluminum, steel/copper and steel/Si3N4 ceramic contacts under boundary lubrication." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 7 (September 10, 2018): 1158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2017-0068.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of alkyl chain length and kind of anions of ionic liquids on the tribological properties with different materials as friction pairs (steel-aluminum, steel-copper and steel-Si3N4 ceramic). Design/methodology/approach Tribological properties were evaluated by an optimol-SRV-IV reciprocation friction tester with a ball-on-block configuration at room temperature and high temperature, respectively. Friction-reducing and anti-wear properties of the ionic liquids for steel/aluminum, steel/copper and steel/ceramic contacts were evaluated on the ball-on-block reciprocating UMT-2MT tribometer. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were observed by a scanning electron microscope. The chemical states of several typical elements on the worn surfaces were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Findings Both the alkyl chain length and kind of anion influence the tribological properties of ionic liquids, especially for the length of alkyl chains. With the increase of alkyl chain length, the load carrying capacity of ionic liquids is improved at both room temperature and high temperature, and the friction reducing and antiwear behaviors are also significantly enhanced. Research limitations/implications The paper presents potentially useful and highly efficient lubricants. Practical implications Owing to their good friction-reducing and wear resistance properties, these ionic liquids are promising candidates for versatile applications. Originality/value This work might provide a promising research direction for design and application of ionic liquids as lubricants.

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41

Harvey, Melanie J., and David A. Atwood. "ChemInform Abstract: Chelated Aluminum Anions." ChemInform 33, no. 51 (May 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200251231.

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42

Bennett, Joseph W., Jennifer L. Bjorklund, Tori Z. Forbes, and Sara E. Mason. "Systematic Study of Aluminum Nanoclusters and Anion Adsorbates." Inorganic Chemistry 56, no. 21 (October 19, 2017): 13014–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01803.

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43

Braddock-Wilking, Janet, John T. Leman, Christian T. Farrar, Sarah A. Cosgrove-Larsen, David J. Singel, and Andrew R. Barron. "Radical Anion Complexes of Tris(1,3-diphenyltriazenido)aluminum." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 6 (February 1995): 1736–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00111a010.

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44

Pashkov, G. L., S. V. Saikova, M. V. Panteleeva, E. V. Linok, N. P. Evsevskaya, G. N. Bondarenko, A. M. Zhizhaev, and L. S. Tarasova. "Anion-Exchange Synthesis of Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet Powders." Glass and Ceramics 73, no. 3-4 (July 2016): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-016-9836-5.

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45

Ono, Sachiko. "Nanostructure Analysis of Anodic Films Formed on Aluminum-Focusing on the Effects of Electric Field Strength and Electrolyte Anions." Molecules 26, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 7270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237270.

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In this review, the research conducted by the authors on anodic oxide films on aluminum is described, paying particular attention to how the electric field strength, as a factor other than voltage, controls the nanostructures and properties of the films. It will also be indicated what factors contribute to the formation of defects, which, in contrast to the ideal or model film structure, contains a significant number of defects in the film. In addition to electrochemical measurements, the films were examined with a variety of advanced instruments, including electron microscopes, to confirm the “reality of film nanostructure” from a slightly different angle than the conventional view. The following topics on anodic films formed in four types of major anodizing electrolytes are discussed: pore initiation process, steady-state porous structure, sealing mechanism, the relationship between cell parameters and voltage/electric field strength, amount and depth of anion incorporation, electrolyte types, radial branching of pores, atypical pore structures, defect formation mechanism, self-ordering, Al coordination number, and the creation of α-alumina membranes.

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46

Samokhina, Veranika V., Palina V. Hryvusevich, Anatoliy I. Sokolik, and Vadim V. Demidchik. "Electrophysiological and radioisotope analysis of ion fluxes induced by salt and oxidative stress in higher plant root cells." Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, no. 3 (October 26, 2022): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2957-5060-2022-3-14-25.

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Environmental stresses induce the release of electrolytes from root cells into the extracellular space, including key inorganic and organic ions. This phenomenon is described for salinity, drought, attack of pathogens, exposure to heavy metals, oxidative stress, etc. The efflux of electrolytes is also observed during some processes of normal physiology, being part of the gravitropic response, the formation of polarity and the growth of the cell elongation. Despite the long study of this phenomenon, today its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, a combined approach based on the labeled atom method (loading isotope 86Rb+ followed by recording the parameters of its efflux from root cells), reverse genetics and the patch-clamp technique has been developed for testing the biophysical and molecular nature of the efflux of electrolytes from the root cells. It has been demonstrated that in the roots of Arabidоpsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., the K+ efflux during salinisation and oxidative stress is catalysed by K+ channels encoded by the GORK gene (guard cell outward-rectifying K+ channel), and the efflux of organic anions – by anion channels encoded by the ALMT1 gene (aluminum-activated malate transporter 1). The characteristics of the combined functioning of these systems under stress have been established.

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47

Day, Paul N., Kiet A. Nguyen, and Ruth Pachter. "Alternative Mechanisms in Hydrogen Production by Aluminum Anion Clusters." Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 8, no. 1 (December 14, 2011): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ct200681k.

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48

Jimenez-Izal, Elisa, Diego Moreno, Jose M. Mercero, Jon M. Matxain, Martha Audiffred, Gabriel Merino, and Jesus M. Ugalde. "Doped Aluminum Cluster Anions: Size Matters." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 118, no. 24 (June 5, 2014): 4309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp501496b.

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49

Saito, Shunya, and Nobuyuki Uozumi. "Guard Cell Membrane Anion Transport Systems and Their Regulatory Components: An Elaborate Mechanism Controlling Stress-Induced Stomatal Closure." Plants 8, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8010009.

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When plants are exposed to drastic environmental changes such as drought, salt or bacterial invasion, rapid stomatal movement confers tolerance to these stresses. This process involves a variety of guard cell expressed ion channels and their complex regulation network. Inward K+ channels mainly function in stomatal opening. On the other hand, guard cell anion channels play a crucial role in the closing of stomata, which is vital in terms of preventing water loss and bacterial entrance. Massive progress has been made on the research of these anion channels in the last decade. In this review, we focus on the function and regulation of Arabidopsis guard cell anion channels. Starting from SLAC1, a main contributor of stomatal closure, members of SLAHs (SLAC1 homologues), AtNRTs (Nitrate transporters), AtALMTs (Aluminum-activated malate transporters), ABC transporters, AtCLCs (Chloride channels), DTXs (Detoxification efflux carriers), SULTRs (Sulfate transporters), and their regulator components are reviewed. These membrane transport systems are the keys to maintaining cellular ion homeostasis against fluctuating external circumstances.

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Belov, D. V., S. N. Belyaev, M. V. Maksimov, and G. A. Gevorgyan. "Research of corrosion fracture of D16t and AMg6 aluminum alloys exposed to microscopic fungi." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 3(107) (December 4, 2021): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2021-107-3-163-183.

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This paper presents an experimental study of biocorrosion of D16T and AMg6 aluminum alloys. The determining role of reactive oxygen species in aluminum biocorrosion by a consortium of molds has been shown. A model is proposed, according to which the initiators of corrosion damage to the metal surface are superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide released during the life of micromycetes. It is assumed that the initiation and development of biocorrosion occurs, among other things, as a result of the process of reductive activation of oxygen and the Fenton decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. A conclusion is made about the mechanism of the occurrence of intergranular and pitting corrosion of aluminum alloys interacting with microscopic fungi.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aluminyl Anion'

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