Journal articles: 'Aluminum zinc oxide'

1

Huang, Jin Hua, Rui Qin Tan, Jia Li, Yu Long Zhang, Ye Yang, and Wei Jie Song. "Thermal Stability of Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 685 (June 2011): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.685.147.

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Transparent conductive oxides are key electrode materials for thin film solar cells. Aluminum doped zinc oxide has become one of the most promising transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials because of its excellent optical and electrical properties. In this work, aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films were prepared using RF magnetron sputtering of a 4 at% ceramic target. The thermal stability of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films was studied using various physical and structural characterization methods. It was observed that the electrical conductivity of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films deteriorated rapidly and unevenly when it was heated up to 350 °C. When the aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films were exposed to UV ozone for a short time before heating up, its thermal stability and large area homogeneity were significantly improved. The present work provided a novel method for improving the durability of aluminum doped zinc oxides as transparent conductive electrodes in thin film solar cells.

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Ryabko A. A., Mazing D.S., Bobkov A. A., Maximov A. I., Levitskii V. S., Lazneva E. F., Komolov A. S., Moshnikov V. A., and Terukov E. I. "Interface doping of zinc oxide nanorods." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 11 (2022): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.11.54187.408.

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The effect of an increase in the electrical conductivity of a system of zinc oxide nanorods by a factor of 105 during atomic layer deposition of a thin dielectric layer of aluminum oxide was found. It is shown that a change in the electrical conductivity of zinc oxide during atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide on the surface is also observed for thin polycrystalline layers of zinc oxide. A study of polycrystalline layers of zinc oxide coated with aluminum oxide using ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is presented. Based on the results of photoelectron spectroscopy, two main factors for changing the electrical conductivity are proposed, which consist in the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas at the ZnO|Al2O3 interface and doping of the near-surface region of zinc oxide with aluminum atoms. Keywords: nanorods, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, atomic layer deposition, transparent electrodes, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy.

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Рябко, А. А., Д. С. Мазинг, А. А. Бобков, А. И. Максимов, В. С. Левицкий, Э. Ф. Лазнева, А. С. Комолов, В. А. Мошников, and Е. И. Теруков. "Эффект интерфейсного легирования системы наностержней оксида цинка." Физика твердого тела 64, no. 11 (2022): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2022.11.53320.408.

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The effect of an increase in the electrical conductivity of a system of zinc oxide nanorods by a factor of 10^5 during atomic layer deposition of a thin dielectric layer of aluminum oxide was found. It is shown that a change in the electrical conductivity of zinc oxide during atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide on the surface is also observed for thin polycrystalline layers of zinc oxide. A study of polycrystalline layers of zinc oxide coated with aluminum oxide using ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is presented. Based on the results of photoelectron spectroscopy, two main factors for changing the electrical conductivity are proposed, which consist in the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas at the ZnO/Al2O3 interface and doping of the near-surface region of zinc oxide with aluminum atoms.

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4

Kuo, Chin-Guo, Chi-Wu Huang, Jung-Hsuan Chen, and Yueh-Han Liu. "Fabrication of a Miniature Zinc Aluminum Oxide Nanowire Array Gas Sensor and Application for Environmental Monitoring." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/515268.

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A miniature n-type semiconductor gas sensor was fabricated successfully using zinc aluminum oxide nanowire array and applied to sense oxygen. The present study provided a novel method to produce zinc aluminum alloy nanowire 80 nm in diameter by the vacuum die casting technique and then obtain zinc aluminum oxide nanowire array using the thermal oxidation technique. The gas sensing properties were evaluated through the change of the sensitivity. The factors influencing the sensitivity of the gas sensor, such as the alloy composition, operating temperature, and oxygen concentration, were investigated further. Experimental results indicated that the maximum sensitivity could be acquired when the weight percentage of aluminum was 5% in zinc aluminum alloy at the operating temperature of200°C.

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Wai, Htet Su, and Chaoyang Li. "Fabrication of Well-Aligned ZnO Nanorods with Different Reaction Times by Chemical Bath Deposition Method Applying for Photocatalysis Application." Molecules 28, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010397.

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Zinc oxide nanorods were grown on an aluminum-doped zinc oxide seeds layer using the chemical bath deposition method. The effects of growth reaction time on the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of zinc oxide nanorods were investigated. It was clearly observed that the growth direction of zinc oxide nanorods were dependent on the crystallinity of the as-deposited aluminum-doped zinc oxide seed layer. The crystallinity of the obtained zinc oxide nanorods was improved with the increase in reaction times during the chemical bath deposition process. The mechanism of zinc oxide nanorod growth revealed that the growth rate of nanorods was influenced by the reaction times. With increasing reaction times, there were much more formed zinc oxide crystalline stacked growth along the c-axis orientation resulting in an increase in the length of nanorods. The longest nanorods and the high crystallinity were obtained from the zinc oxide nanorods grown within 5 h. The optical transmittance of all zinc oxide nanorods was greater than 70% in the visible region. Zinc oxide nanorods grown for 5 h showed the highest degradation efficiency of methyl red under ultraviolet light and had a high first-order degradation rate of 0.0051 min−1. The photocatalytic mechanism was revealed as well.

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Lenz, Thomas, Moses Richter, Gebhard J. Matt, Norman A. Luechinger, Samuel C. Halim, Wolfgang Heiss, and Christoph J. Brabec. "Charge transport in nanoparticular thin films of zinc oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 7 (2015): 1468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc01969e.

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In this work, we report on the electrical characterization of nanoparticular thin films of zinc oxide and aluminum-doped ZnO. Temperature-dependent current–voltage measurements revealed that charge transport is well described by the Poole–Frenkel model.

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7

Raviendra D. and J. K. Sharma. "Electroless deposition of cadmium stannate, zinc oxide, and aluminum‐doped zinc oxide films." Journal of Applied Physics 58, no. 2 (July 15, 1985): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336310.

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8

Murdoch, G. B., S. Hinds, E. H. Sargent, S. W. Tsang, L. Mordoukhovski, and Z. H. Lu. "Aluminum doped zinc oxide for organic photovoltaics." Applied Physics Letters 94, no. 21 (May 25, 2009): 213301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3142423.

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9

Maleki, Ali, Masoud Panjepour, Behzad Niroumand, and Mahmood Meratian. "Mechanism of zinc oxide–aluminum aluminothermic reaction." Journal of Materials Science 45, no. 20 (May 28, 2010): 5574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4619-9.

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10

Poznyak A. A., Knörnschild G. H., Pligovka A. N., and Larin T.D. "Anodic aluminum oxide formed in aqueous solutions of chelated complex zinc and cobalt compounds." Technical Physics 92, no. 13 (2022): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2022.13.52221.110-21.

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The galvanostatic anodizing results of specially prepared high-purity aluminum in aqueous solutions of complex compounds K3[Co(C2O_4)_3] and K2[Zn(edta)] of various concentrations in the current density ranges 1.5-1.10·102 and 1.5-30 mA·cm-2, respectively. The kinetic features of anodizing have been established, indicating the occurrence of an oscillatory electrochemical process. Morphological features of a flaky and loose nature for K2[Zn(edta)] and monolithic for K3[Co(C2O_4)_3], uncharacteristic for anodic aluminum oxide, were revealed. The elemental composition, IR spectroscopic and photoluminescent characteristics of the formed oxides are shown. Keywords: anodic aluminum oxide, chelated complex compounds, anodizing.

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11

Ozcariz, Aritz. "Development of Copper Oxide Thin Film for Lossy Mode Resonance-Based Optical Fiber Sensor." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 28, 2018): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130893.

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In this work we present the study of copper(II) oxide thin films for the fabrication of lossy mode resonance-based (LMR) optical fiber sensors. This material has proven to be capable of generating such resonances with a promising result. Their optimal optical properties have allowed the achievement of a sensitivity of 7234 nm/RIU, higher than that obtained with other metal oxides such a SnO2, indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) or indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO). The use of this new film may facilitate the use of LMR based sensors for applications that require maximum sensitivity and stability.

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12

Khan, Shadab, and Eugen Stamate. "Comparative Study of Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide, Gallium-Doped Zinc Oxide and Indium-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (May 2, 2022): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091539.

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A timely replacement of the rather expensive indium-doped tin oxide with aluminum-doped zinc oxide is hindered by the poor uniformity of electronic properties when deposited by magnetron sputtering. Recent results demonstrated the ability to improve the uniformity and to decrease the resistivity of aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films by decreasing the energy of the oxygen-negative ions assisting in thin film growth by using a tuning electrode. In this context, a comparative study was designed to elucidate if the same phenomenology holds for gallium-doped zinc oxide and indium-doped tin oxide as well. The metal oxide thin films have been deposited in the same setup for similar discharge parameters, and their properties were measured with high spatial resolution and correlated with the erosion track on the target’s surface. Furthermore, the films were also subject to post annealing and degradation tests by wet etching. While the tuning electrode was able to reduce the self-bias for all three materials, only the doped zinc oxide films exhibited properties correlating with the erosion track.

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13

Sohn, Hong Yong, and Arun Murali. "Plasma Synthesis of Advanced Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 7, 2021): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051456.

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This article reviews and summarizes work recently performed in this laboratory on the synthesis of advanced transparent conducting oxide nanopowders by the use of plasma. The nanopowders thus synthesized include indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin-doped zinc oxide (TZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO). These oxides have excellent transparent conducting properties, among other useful characteristics. ZnO and TZO also has photocatalytic properties. The synthesis of these materials started with the selection of the suitable precursors, which were injected into a non-transferred thermal plasma and vaporized followed by vapor-phase reactions to form nanosized oxide particles. The products were analyzed by the use of various advanced instrumental analysis techniques, and their useful properties were tested by different appropriate methods. The thermal plasma process showed a considerable potential as an efficient technique for synthesizing oxide nanopowders. This process is also suitable for large scale production of nano-sized powders owing to the availability of high temperatures for volatilizing reactants rapidly, followed by vapor phase reactions and rapid quenching to yield nano-sized powder.

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Kumar Bhoi, Neeraj, Harpreet Singh, and Saurabh Pratap. "Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite produced by microwave sintering." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 24 (April 11, 2020): 3625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320918646.

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The study focuses on the microstructural, phase transformation, and physical and mechanical aspects of aluminum/zinc oxide composite produced by a hybrid microwave sintering technique. In the present case, zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized through a cost-effective thermal decomposition method. The obtained zinc oxide nanorods’ length was in the range of 76–168 nm observed through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and crystallinity nature was confirmed by the bright spot in the selected area electron diffraction pattern. Two different wt% (i.e. 0.5 and 2) of zinc oxide nanorods were utilized for the fabrication of the composite material. The diffraction pattern of the milled powder and energy dispersive spectroscopy results shows effective diffusion of zinc oxide nanorods in the aluminum. The elemental mapping of milled powder illustrates the uniform distribution of the reinforcement over matrix material. The micro-hardness results exhibit a higher hardness of 27.78% with a small fraction of 2 wt%. The nano-indentation results confirm the improvement in the nano-hardness by 32.21% with 2 wt% of zinc oxide with a marginal decrease in elastic modulus by 4.92%.

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Kuo, Chin-Guo, Jung-Hsuan Chen, and Yueh-Han Liu. "Fabrication of a Zinc Aluminum Oxide Nanowire Array Photoelectrode for a Solar Cell Using a High Vacuum Die Casting Technique." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/302075.

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Zinc aluminum alloy nanowire was fabricated by the vacuum die casting. Zinc aluminum alloy was melted, injected into nanomold under a hydraulic pressure, and solidified as nanowire shape. Nanomold was prepared by etching aluminum sheet with a purity of 99.7 wt.% in oxalic acid solution. A nanochannel within nanomold had a pore diameter of 80 nm and a thickness of 40 μm. Microstructure and characteristic analysis of the alumina nanomold and zinc-aluminum nanowire were performed by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Zinc aluminum oxide nanowire array was produced using the thermal oxidation method and designed for the photoelectrode application.

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Xia, Zhi Lin, Qi Xu, and Li Xin Zhao. "The Microstructure of Zinc Oxide Films Prepared by Hydrothermal Method." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 1238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.1238.

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In the solutions which are prepared by mixing zinc nitrate hexahydrate, strong ammonia and methenamine in water bath at 90 Centigrade, lamellate and granular zinc oxide films have grown on different substrates such as B270 glass, glass based PAA films, pure aluminum foil and aluminum based PAA films. Films microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The influences of substrate and pH on the films microstructure were analyzed. Results reflect that: Ammonia plays an important role in the growing competition of grainy crystal; the more concentration of ammonia, the more zinc oxide crystals grow into granular. Because of the high specific area and adsorption capacity, lacunaris zinc oxide films have great application perspective in gas sensor, catalyzed sorption and biochemistry.

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Noda, Shota, Noriko Yamauchi, Kouichi Nakashima, Ken-ichi Watanabe, Hidekazu Koda, Hiroshi Kunigami, Hideki Kunigami, and Yoshio Kobayashi. "Synthesis of Metallic Zinc Nanoparticles by Reduction of Zinc Ions in Protonic Solvent." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 33 (June 15, 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.33.39.

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Simple and low environmental impact methods for producing chemically-stable nanoparticles of metallic zinc (Zn) are asked to be developed, because metallic Zn nanoparticles are easily oxidized in air, and organic solvents, which can be used for the fabrication of metallic Zn particles, give a great environmental impact. The present work focuses on the chemical reaction in protonic solvents containing aqueous solvents, of which the use will give a smaller environmental load, and proposes a method for producing metallic Zn nanoparticles by reduction of Zn ions in the protonic solvent. Two kinds of hydrophilic solvents were examined: water and ethylene glycol (EG). The use of water and EG as the solvents produced Zn oxide. Though the addition of aluminum salt to EG also produced Zn oxide, the crystallinity of Zn oxide was lower than that for with no addition of aluminum salt. In the case of the aluminum salt addition, nanoparticles with a size of 27. 5±13.3 nm were fabricated, and not only bonds of Zn-O-Zn and Zn-OH but also a bond of Zn-Zn were confirmed to be formed, which indicated the production of low crystallinity metallic Zn nanoparticles.

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Yadav, Ram Phul, Krishna Bahadur Rai, and Shankar Prasad Shrestha. "Electrical and optical properties of dip coated Al-doped ZnO thin films : Effect of Al-concentration, starting solution and sample ageing." Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 22, no. 48 (October 30, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v22i48.1743.

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Undoped and Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide thin films were synthesized by dip coating technique. The electrical properties of the films were studied due to the Aluminum doping, starting solution aging and sample aging. The sheet resistance of ZnO:Al films was minimum at 2.5 at % whereas carrier concentration is maximum. Both undoped and aluminum doped Zinc Oxide thin films were found to be highly transparent lying in between 65 - 79 % in the wavelength range 367 nm to 1038 nm. The band gap of deposited films changed slightly from 3.22 eV to 3.27 eV.

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Gudkov, Sergey V., Dmitriy E. Burmistrov, Veronika V. Smirnova, Anastasia A. Semenova, and Andrey B. Lisitsyn. "A Mini Review of Antibacterial Properties of Al2O3 Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 2635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152635.

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Bacterial antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious modern biomedical problems that prioritizes the search for new agents to combat bacterial pathogens. It is known that nanoparticles of many metals and metal oxides can have an antibacterial effect. However, the antibacterial efficacy of aluminum oxide nanoparticles has been studied little compared to the well-known antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles of oxides of metals such as zinc, silver, iron, and copper. In this review, we have focused on the experimental studies accumulated to date demonstrating the antibacterial effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles. The review discusses the main ways of synthesis and modification of these nanoparticles, provides the proposed mechanisms of their antibacterial action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and also compares the antibacterial efficacy depending on morphological characteristics. We have also partially considered the activity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles against water microalgae and fungi. In general, a more detailed study of the antibacterial properties of aluminum oxide nanoparticles is of great interest due to their low toxicity to eukaryotic cells.

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Maleki, Ali, Behzad Niroumand, and Mahmood Meratian. "Effects of processing temperature on in-situ reinforcement formation in Al(Zn)/Al2O3(ZnO) nanocomposite." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/75.

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The aim of present work was to investigate effects of processing temperature on the microstructure of in-situ processed aluminum/alumina composites. A new activated powder injection (API) method was used to synthesize the aluminum matrix composites by displacement reaction between aluminum and zinc oxide. A mechanically activated mixture of aluminum and zinc oxide powder was injected into a vortex of molten aluminum. Three melting temperatures of 680, 730 and 790 °C were selected as the processing temperatures. The composite slurries were solidified under a pressure of 200 MPa. Microstructures of the samples were studied using electron microscopy and image analysis techniques. Refinement of in-situ reinforcements with increasing processing temperature was observed and rationalized.

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Shcherbakova, A. N., T. K. Ivanova, and I. P. Kremenetskaya. "Influence of aluminum and iron on zinc deposition from highly concentrated solutions." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 3-2020 (November 25, 2020): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.3.4.017.

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The paper presents the results of experimental and thermodynamic modeling of the interaction of magnesium oxide with zinc sulfate solutions, including in the presence of iron and aluminum. It has been shown that depending on the conditions, zinc is deposited as anoxide, carbonate, hydroxide, and basic salt. Iron and aluminum have a significant influence on the deposition of zinc.

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Johnson, Kyle W., Srinivasan Guruvenket, Robert A. Sailer, S. Phillip Ahrenkiel, and Douglas L. Schulz. "Atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of zinc oxide and aluminum zinc oxide." Thin Solid Films 548 (December 2013): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.09.060.

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23

Zhang, Shenghan, Chenhao Sun, and Yu Tan. "Corrosion Behavior of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel in High-Temperature Water with Zinc and Aluminum Simultaneous Injection." Corrosion 76, no. 10 (July 9, 2020): 918–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3545.

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Oxide films were formed on A508-3 steel in simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water at the temperature of 561 ± 1 K for 168 h with zinc and/or aluminum injection. Corrosion behaviors of oxide films were analyzed by electrochemical polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky plots, photocurrent measurement, scanning electronic microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The results showed that zinc and aluminum simultaneous injection technology decreased the corrosion current density, increased the impedance value, made the oxide film more compact, and affected the semiconductor properties of the oxide film. The increase in zinc concentration improved the corrosion resistance to some extent. ZnAl2O4 phase, with extremely low solubility and high stability, had been detected in the oxide film; this substance changed the composition of the oxide film and affected the corrosion behavior of A508-3 steel.

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Makki, Aya Hekmet, and Si-Hyun Park. "Yellow Emissive Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Aluminum by the Incorporation of ZnO Quantum Dots for OLED Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12101173.

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Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complexes are of significant interest because of their remarkable optical and electrical properties, both as an emissive layer and electron injection layer. They emit light in the blue and green ranges of the visible spectrum, so for white organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), yellow emission is required as well. In this study, we propose the use of zinc oxide quantum dots to tune the emission color of the complex while maintaining its luminous efficiency. Hence, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum-zinc oxide nanohybrids with different zinc oxide quantum dots concentrations (10, 20, or 30 wt.%) were synthesized. The structural properties were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction analysis, while the composition and optical characteristics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence emission spectroscopy. The results show that increased levels of zinc oxide quantum dots lead to a decrease in crystallinity, double hump emission and a slight red shift in emission peaks. Also, at 20 and 30 wt.% of zinc oxide quantum dots concentrations, yellow emission was observed.

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Boosabarat, Pornpipat, Kanchaya Honglertkongsakul, Dusit Ngamrungroj, Nirun Witit-Anun, and Surasing Chaiyakun. "Effect of Current at Aluminum Target on the AZO Thin Films by DC Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.289.

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Deposition of aluminum and zinc targets was carried out by DC magnetron sputtering to produce aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films. These films were deposited on quartz, glass and silicon substrates under 5.5x10-3 mbar pressure. At a ratio of argon gas to oxygen gas (Ar:O2) of 5:10 and a voltage at zinc target of260 V, AZO thin films were deposited at different currents at aluminum target such as 900, 1,000, 1,100 and 1,200 mA. Effect of current at aluminum target on the structural, optical and electrical properties of resulting films was studied. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed incorporation of aluminum in ZnO lattice. The thickness measurement by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed that the thickness of AZO thin films is in the range of 270–350 nm. An average transmittance of above 80% in the visible wavelength region was obtained for aluminum doped zinc oxide. The optical direct bandgap and the resistivity of AZO thin films were found in the range 3.3-3.5eV and 6.0x10-1-9.0x10-1 Ωcm; respectively.

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Perfetti, C., and K. Abe. "Solution growth of zinc oxide on aluminum zinc layered double hydroxides." Journal of Crystal Growth 468 (June 2017): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.12.096.

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Cheng, Xi, Jianming Wu, Chenguang Yao, and Guisheng Yang. "Flame-retardant mechanism of zinc borate and magnesium hydroxide in aluminum hypophosphite–based combination for TPE-S composites." Journal of Fire Sciences 37, no. 3 (May 2019): 273–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904119851270.

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Aluminum hypophosphite combined with melamine cyanurate and poly(phenylene oxide) was applied to flame retard TPE-S system (blends of SEBS and polyolefin). TPE-S containing 16 wt% aluminum hypophosphite, 20 wt% melamine cyanurate, and 10 wt% poly(phenylene oxide) pass a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test and its limiting oxygen index value is 28.2%. Zinc borate and magnesium hydroxide were added to modify the AHP/MCA/PPO formulation. Thermogravimetric–Fourier transform infrared analysis tests showed that aluminum hypophosphite and melaminecyanurate acted in gaseous phase while aluminum hypophosphite and poly(phenylene oxide) helped to form char residue. TPE-S/AHP/MCA/PPO significantly decreased the heat release rate (reduction in peak heat release rate from 2001 to 494 kW m−2). Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry results demonstrated that zinc borate and magnesium hydroxide promoted to retain more P and O elements in residue. Zinc borate and magnesium hydroxide in AHP/MCA/PPO formulation enhanced the char formation and reduced gas evolution of TPE-S, thus deteriorating the combination between gaseous phase and condensed phase.

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Zhang, Yu Long, Xian Peng Zhang, Rui Qin Tan, Ye Yang, Jun Hua Zhao, Wei Yan Wang, Ping Cui, and Wei Jie Song. "Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide as Transparent Electrode Materials." Materials Science Forum 685 (June 2011): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.685.6.

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Pristine and Al-doped zinc oxide nanopowders were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted complex sol-gel method, possessing a pure ZnO phase structure and controllable grain size which was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Using these nanopowders, the pristine and Al-doped ZnO magnetron sputtering targets were prepared following a mold-press, cold isostatical-press and schedule sintering temperature procedure. The relative density of these as-prepared targets was tested by Archimedes’ method on densitometer. All of the results were above 95 theory density percents, and the resistivity was tested on four-probe system at a magnitude of 10-2Ω cm. Related pristine ZnO thin films and Al-doped ZnO thin films were fabricated by magnetron sputtering method, respectively. The pristine and Al-doped ZnO films deposited on the quartz glass by dc sputtering owned a (002) orientation with a thickness of 350 nm at a deposition power of 100 W for two hours under an argon plasma. A good optical transparency above 80% and low resistivity of 1.60×10-3Ω cm were obtained with a deposition temperature of 573 K. The optical energy bandgap could be tailored by Al doping at 4 at.% Al.

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Singh, A. V., R. M. Mehra, A. Yoshida, and A. Wakahara. "Doping mechanism in aluminum doped zinc oxide films." Journal of Applied Physics 95, no. 7 (April 2004): 3640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1667259.

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Samoei, Victor K., and Ahalapitiya H. Jayatissa. "Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO)-based pressure sensor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 303 (March 2020): 111816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.111816.

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Lee, Deuk Yong, Jung-Eun Cho, Nam-Ihn Cho, Myung-Hyun Lee, Se-Jong Lee, and Bae-Yeon Kim. "Characterization of electrospun aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanofibers." Thin Solid Films 517, no. 3 (December 2008): 1262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.05.027.

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Cho, Seungho, and Kun-Hong Lee. "Formation of zinc aluminum mixed metal oxide nanostructures." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509, no. 35 (September 2011): 8770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.06.057.

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Rafla‐Yuan, H., and J. F. Cordaro. "Optical reflectance of aluminum‐doped zinc oxide powders." Journal of Applied Physics 69, no. 2 (January 15, 1991): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347340.

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SAWYER, SHAYLA, LIQIAO QIN, and CHRISTOPHER SHING. "ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTION." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, no. 01 (March 2011): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411006519.

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Zinc Oxide ( ZnO ) nanoparticles were created by a top-down wet-chemistry synthesis process ( ZnO - A ) and then coated with polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) ( ZnO - U ). In ZnO - U , strong UV emission was apparent while the parasitic green emission, which normally appears in ZnO suspensions, was suppressed. A standard lift-off process via e-beam lithography was used to fabricate a detector by evaporating Aluminum ( Al ) as ohmic electrodes on the ZnO nanoparticle film. Photoconductivity experiments showed that linear current-voltage response were achieved and the ZnO - U nanoparticles based detector had a ratio of UV photo-generated current more than 5 times better than that of the ZnO - A based detector. In addition, non-linear current-voltage responses were observed when interdigitated finger Gold ( Au ) contacts were deposited on ZnO - U . The UV generated current to dark current ratios were between 4 and 7 orders of magnitude, showing better performance than the photodetector with Al contacts. ZnO - U were also deposited on Gallium Nitride ( GaN ) and Aluminum Gallium Nitride ( AlGaN ) substrates to create spectrally selective photodetectors. The responsivity of detector based on AlGaN is twice that of commercial UV enhanced Silicon photodiodes. These results confirmed that ZnO nanoparticles coating with PVA is a good material for small-signal, visible blind, and wavelength selective UV detection.

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Bedi, Harpreet. "Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide by Sol-Gel Method." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i47/106830.

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Alkahlout, A., N. Al Dahoudi, I. Grobelsek, M. Jilavi, and P. W. de Oliveira. "Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures via Hydrothermal Route." Journal of Materials 2014 (March 25, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/235638.

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Stable crystalline aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanopowders were synthesized using hydrothermal treatment processing. Three different aluminum precursors have been used. The Al-precursors were found to affect the morphology of the obtained nanopowders. AZO nanoparticles based on zinc acetate and aluminum nitrate have been prepared with different Al/Zn molar ratios. XRD investigations revealed that all the obtained powders have single phase zincite structure with purity of about 99%. The effect of aluminum doping ratio in AZO nanoparticles (based on Al-nitrate precursor) on structure, phase composition, and particle size has been investigated. The incorporation of Al in ZnO was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy revealing a blue shift due to Burstein-Moss effect.

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Srinivasan, N., and J. C. Kannan. "Investigation on room temperature photoluminescence of pure and aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0021.

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AbstractPure and aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by soft chemical method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDAX, UV-Vis, PL and FT-IR studies. XRD patterns revealed that the nanoparticles were crystallized in hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average particle size of 19 nm to 26 nm. The surface morphology was explored using SEM micrographs. The incorporation of aluminum was confirmed by EDAX and FT-IR studies. The band gaps of the particles were found from 3.48 eV to 3.53 eV through UV-Vis spectral studies. The defect related mechanism was investigated using PL measurements. The chemical functional groups in FT-IR spectra proved the formation of pure and aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles.

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Manjakkal, Libu, I. Packia Selvam, S. N. Potty, and R. S. Shinde. "Electrical and optical properties of aluminium doped zinc oxide transparent conducting oxide films prepared by dip coating technique." Microelectronics International 34, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-06-2015-0058.

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Purpose Aluminium-doped zinc oxide thin films exhibit interesting optoelectronic properties, which make them suitable for fabrication of photovoltaic cell, flat panel display electrode, etc. It has been shown that aluminium dopant concentration and annealing treatment in reduced atmosphere are the major factors affecting the electrical and optical properties of aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) film. Here, the authors report the structural, optical and electrical properties of aluminium-doped zinc oxide thin films fabricated by dip coating technique and annealed in air atmosphere, thereby avoiding hazardous environments such as hydrogen. The aim of this paper was to systematically investigate the effect of annealing temperature on the electrical properties of dip-coated film. Design/methodology/approach Aluminium-doped ZnO thin films were prepared on corning substrates by dip coating method. Aluminium concentration in the film varied from 0.8 to 1.4 mol per cent. Films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and Hall measurements. The deposited films were heat treated at 450-600°C, in steps of 50°C for 1 h in air to study the improvement in electrical properties. Films were also prepared by annealing at 600°C in air for durations of 1, 2, 4 and 6 h. Envelope method was used to calculate the variation of the refractive index and extinction coefficient with wavelength. Findings The electrical resistivity is found to decrease considerably when the annealing time is increased from 1 to 4 h. The films exhibited high transmittance (>90 per cent) in the visible range, and the optical band gaps were found to change as per the Moss–Burstien effect, and this was consistent with the observed changes in the carrier concentration. Originality/value The study shows the effect of annealing in air, avoiding hazardous reduced environment, such as hydrogen, to study the improvement in electrical and optical properties of aluminum-doped zinc oxide films. Envelope method was used to calculate the variation of optical constants with wavelength.

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Meza Fuentes, Edgardo, Johana Ines Rodriguez Ruiz, and Maria do Carmo Rangel Santos. "Characteristics of NiO present in solids obtained from hydrotalcites based on Ni/Al and Ni-Zn/Al." DYNA 86, no. 210 (July 1, 2019): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n210.78559.

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NiO has a variety of applications, mainly in the production of electrochemical sensors and of metallic nickel. In addition, it is widely used as catalysts to produce hydrogen from natural gas. In this work, hydrotalcites based on nickel-aluminum and nickel-zinc-aluminum were synthesized, calcined at 500 °C and studied by different techniques. It was observed that nickel-aluminum hydrotalcites are thermally more stable, collapsing at higher temperatures than hydrotalcites containing zinc. During calcination, aluminum is incorporated into NiO lattice, leading to a decrease in crystallographic parameters. However, zinc decreases this effect, favoring the formation of NiO with lattice parameters close to pure nickel oxide. Zinc also contributes to the formation of smaller NiO particles, which is very useful for its use as a catalyst. In addition, aluminum led to a distortion in NiO lattice, an effect that is minimized by zinc, showing that it hinders the incorporation of Al3+ in the NiO lattice.

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Cisneros-Contreras, Ivan Ricardo, Geraldine López-Ganem, Oswaldo Sánchez-Dena, Yew Hoong Wong, Ana Laura Pérez-Martínez, and Arturo Rodríguez-Gómez. "Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films with 80% Average Transmittance and 32 Ohms per Square Sheet Resistance: A Genuine Alternative to Commercial High-Performance Indium Tin Oxide." Physics 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics5010004.

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In this study, a low-sophistication low-cost spray pyrolysis system built by undergraduate students is used to grow aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films (ZnO:Al). The pyrolysis system was able to grow polycrystalline ZnO:Al with a hexagonal wurtzite structure preferentially oriented on the c-axis, corresponding to a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and exceptional reproducibility. The ZnO:Al films were studied as transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). Our best ZnO:Al TCO are found to exhibit an 80% average transmittance in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, a sheet resistance of 32 Ω/□, and an optical bandgap of 3.38 eV. After an extensive optical and nanostructural characterization, we determined that the TCOs used are only 4% less efficient than the best ZnO:Al TCOs reported in the literature. This latter, without neglecting that literature-ZnO:Al TCOs, have been grown by sophisticated deposition techniques such as magnetron sputtering. Consequently, we estimate that our ZnO:Al TCOs can be considered an authentic alternative to high-performance aluminum-doped zinc oxide or indium tin oxide TCOs grown through more sophisticated equipment.

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KUMAR, DHIRAJ, SUNIL KUMAR, and H. S. BHATTI. "LASER-INDUCED PHOTOLUMINESCENT STUDIES OF Al-DOPED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 05 (October 2010): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10007101.

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In this paper, addition of aluminum in zinc oxide is incorporated using low-temperature chemical synthesis route. Aluminum ions help in crystallization of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles of zinc oxide has been done using Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Energy-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra and Time-resolved laser-induced photoluminescence (TRPL) at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopic observations and X-Ray diffraction studies indicate highly crystalline nature and particle size of the order of 20 nm in ZnO:Al . Time-resolved laser-induced photoluminescence measurements have been done using pulsed nitrogen laser as an excitation source, operated at wavelength 337.1 nm and having high peak output power of 1 MW. The results show that at higher concentrations of Al doping in host ZnO phosphor, emission intensity is more by several orders of magnitude and lifetime shortening indicates that these nanoparticles are more efficient as compared with lower concentrations of dopant.

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Zhang, Qiang, Shengwen Hou, and Chaoyang Li. "Titanium Dioxide-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanorods as an Efficient Photoelectrode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081598.

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Well-arrayed zinc oxide nanorods applied as photoelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells were synthesized on an aluminum-doped zinc oxide substrate by the multi-annealing method. In order to improve the chemical stability and surface-to-volume ratio of photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, the synthesized zinc oxide nanorods were coated with pure anatase phase titanium dioxide film using a novel mist chemical vapor deposition method. The effects of the titanium dioxide film on the morphological, structural, optical, and photovoltaic properties of zinc oxide–titanium dioxide core–shell nanorods were investigated. It was found that the diameter and surface-to-volume ratio of zinc oxide nanorods were significantly increased by coating them with titanium dioxide thin film. The power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells was improved from 1.31% to 2.68% by coating titanium dioxide film onto the surface of zinc oxide nanorods.

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Abdelmalek, Nadjate, and Hichem Farh. "RETRACTED:Influence of Fe and Al Dopants on the Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Thin Films Obtained by Spray Pyrolysis." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 29 (March 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.29.21.

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An investigation has been done to study the influence of the Fe and Al doping concentration on the optical properties of zinc oxide thin films. A spray pyrolysis system was used to obtain ZnO:M films doped with Iron and Aluminum, using zinc acetate dihydrate, hydrated iron chlorate and hydrated aluminum chlorate, respectively. The temperature and the concentration were fixed at 450°C and 0.1mol/L, respectively. Our thin films deposed on glass substrate. UV-VIS spectrophotometer has been used for the layers characterization. The optical transmittance spectra showed that the 2% Al dopand improves the optical transmittance in the visible that the Fe dopand. Zinc oxide thin films is the n type semiconductor with direct optical band gap varied between 3.219-3.346eV for obtain the films in photovoltaic application. But the urbach energy of ZnO thin films undoped and doped by Iron and Aluminum is varied between 101– 202 meV.

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Özçoban, Mehmet Şükrü, and Seren Acarer. "Investigation of the Effect of Leachate on Permeability and Heavy Metal Removal in Soils Improved with Nano Additives." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 6104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126104.

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Soils with low permeability are widely used in solid waste landfills to prevent leakage of leachate into groundwater. By adding nanomaterials to clay soils, the permeability of the clay can be reduced as well as the retention of pollutants in the leachate. In this study, three different nanomaterials, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, and Oltu clay, were added to kaolin at two different rates (1% and 5%), and the effect of nanomaterials on permeability and heavy metal (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and lead) removal rate was investigated. According to the experimental results, permeability decreased, and the heavy metal removal rate increased with increasing nanomaterial content in kaolin. With the addition of 5% iron oxide, 5% aluminum oxide, and 5% Oltu clay to kaolin, the average permeability decreased by 63%, 81%, and 96%, respectively. Iron (90–93%), manganese (47–75%), zinc (39–50%), copper (33–41%), and lead (36–49%) removal rates of nanomaterial-added kaolin samples were found to be higher than the removal rates of kaolin without nanomaterial addition. Oltu clay, which has the smallest size and high surface area, performed better than aluminum oxide and iron oxide in reducing the permeability of kaolin and retaining heavy metals.

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Chang, Wen Yang, Te Hua Fang, and Cheng Hong Syu. "Material Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Doped Aluminum for Microharvesting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.245.

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Material characteristics of Zinc Oxide doped Al are investigated for microharvester. The microharvester include two parts, the first part is zigzag structures on silicon wafer using MEMS fabrication, and the second part is epitaxial ZnO with doping Al nanostructures on ITO glass using aqueous solution. The effects of the growth temperature, growth concentration, Al-doped for ZnO epitaxial growth, and AZO microharvesting are determined. Results show the percent transmittance decreases with increasing growth concentration ratio and the peak intensity of the (002) orientation increased with increasing growth temperature. The ZnO doped Al with zigzag structures have good efficiency of microharvesting due to its larger geometrical strain to area ratio.

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Tahar, Radhouane Bel Hadj, and Noureddine Bel Hadj Tahar. "Mechanism of carrier transport in aluminum-doped zinc oxide." Journal of Applied Physics 92, no. 8 (October 15, 2002): 4498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1509083.

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Van Toan, Nguyen, Naoki Inomata, and Takahito Ono. "High-aspect-ratio aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanomechanical resonator." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 12 (December 2017): S141—S142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.22561.

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Zhang, P., R. Y. Hong, Q. Chen, W. G. Feng, and D. Badami. "Aluminum-doped zinc oxide powders: synthesis, properties and application." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 25, no. 2 (December 6, 2013): 678–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-013-1630-3.

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Ty, Jennifer Torres Damasco, Nadine Dannehl, Derck Schlettwein, and Hisao Yanagi. "Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Solar Cells with Electrodeposited Al-Doped Zinc Oxide." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.12291.

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Hybrid solar cells were fabricated using aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) grown by electrochemical deposition from chloride electrolyte solutions with Al/Zn molar ratios of 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0%. The substrates were AZO- and ZnO-seeded ITO. Ordered nanorod structures with high optical transmittance were grown at 0.5% Al/Zn ratio while interconnected micron-sized flakes were grown at 2.5% and 5.0%. The estimated band gap energies increase for higher Al dopant content, showing Burstein-Moss effect. EDX analysis detected high aluminum content in the 5.0% samples suggesting that insulating aluminum oxide phases were formed thus causing reduced solar cell efficiencies. The highest power conversion efficiency of 1.71%, from the 0.5% sample grown on ZnO-seeded ITO, can be attributed to the presence of AZO nanorods which provide a large interfacial area and effective charge transport.

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Kedzierski, M. A., R. Brignoli, K. T. Quine, and J. S. Brown. "Viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity of aluminum oxide and zinc oxide nanolubricants." International Journal of Refrigeration 74 (February 2017): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.10.003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aluminum zinc oxide'

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