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Journal articles on the topic 'Aluminum scrap'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Yue, Qiang, Zaidong Fan, Chao Zhang, Fen Liu, Heming Wang, and Fengrui Jia. "Development and Evolution of Aluminum Industry in China Based on Aluminum Flow Analysis." Journal of Systems Science and Information 4, no. 3 (June 25, 2016): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2016-212-11.

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AbstractThe whole process of aluminum cycle consists of four stages: Production of alumina and primary aluminum, fabrication and manufacture of aluminum products, use of aluminum final products, and recycling of obsolete aluminum products. Aluminum cycle in China in 2011 was analyzed using alumium flow diagram, and the following indices were obtained: The resource self-support ratio of alumina, aluminum and the whole aluminum industry were 53.18%, 95.58% and 54.85%, respectively; self-produced and net imported aluminum scrap use ratios of the aluminum industry were 4.68% and 7.98%, respectively. Aluminum cycles and aluminum flow indices in China of the year 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008–2010 were also analyzed. It was found that from 1990 to 2011, imported Al-containing resources increased and imported bauxite has increased significantly since 2005. Resources self-support ratio of aluminum industry changed gradually from fully self-support to depencdent on the imports of raw materials. Self-produced auminum scrap use ratio presented downtrend basically and the imported aluminum scrap use ratio was greater than self-produced aluminum scrap use ratio after 1995.

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2

Cui, Ji Rang, Wei Guo, Hans Jørgen Roven, Qu Dong Wang, Yong Jun Chen, and Tao Peng. "Recycling of Aluminum Scrap by Severe Plastic Deformation." Materials Science Forum 667-669 (December 2010): 1177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.1177.

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The production of primary aluminum is an energy costly process. With the global warming being of concern, the secondary aluminum stream is becoming an even more important component of aluminum production and is attractive due to its economic and environmental benefits. Recycling of aluminum by new solid state recycling techniques instead of conventional remelting and subsequent refining processing can result in significant energy savings. Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) techniques have been applied for consolidating nano particles into fully dense materials with good mechanical properties. However, solid state recycling of scraps by SPD is only in the beginning. In the present study, degreasing of aluminum chips from the machine workshop was investigated by a thermal method and chemical treatment. Thereafter, the decoated chips were recycled by Cyclic Extrusion Compression (CEC) at deformation temperatures between 400 and 500 °C. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the recycled aluminum scrap processed by SPD were subsequently investigated. The results show that SPD technology provides a promising alternative for recycling of aluminum scrap. Thermal degreasing of aluminum scrap resulted in more oxidization of aluminum scrap particles. Visible interfaces between chips were observed even at a low magnification.

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3

Garabito, J. A., H. Granados, V. H. López, A. R. Kennedy, and J. E. Bedolla. "Vacuum Foaming of Aluminum Scrap." MRS Proceedings 1481 (2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1635.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, scrap from the automotive industry was used to produce aluminium foams under vacuum. Chips of an aluminium alloy LM26 were melted and 1wt. % of Mg was added for creating a viscous casting with uniform distribution of oxides. An ingot was obtained of this alloy after casting and solidification. Trials for foaming this alloy were performed by re-melting pieces under vacuum at different temperatures. A window in the vacuum chamber allowed observation of the foaming and collapse of the porous structures was observed during cooling. Characterization of the aluminum foams revealed different levels of expansion, porous structures and degrees of drainage. The best foams were obtained at 680 °C with a density of 0.78 g/cm3. This technique appears to be a feasible low cost route for producing Al foams based on scrap material.

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4

Najib Khan, Abdul Shafiq Khan A., Nur Ezzah Faezah Othman, Hadi Purwanto, Hafasihah Abdul Halim, and Ahmad Firdaus Shamsul Baharin. "Synthetic of Pure Alumina from Aluminum Scrap." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.170.

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Abundance in aluminum scrap metals can cause problem such as limited space allocation and pollution. The solution to solve these problems were by recycling the aluminum scrap metal as secondary production of aluminum. Among the recycling process alternative is smelting, However, the process consumes high energy with low productivity. This study focuses on alumina production from aluminum scrap waste. Dissolution process of Al scrap with 0.5M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) yields Al (OH)3and hydrogen gas. Results show that the temperature gradually decreased from 40°C to 35.7°C as the reaction took place. The pH of the solution during dissolution process increased from 12.08 to 12.38. The XRD results show that after calcination of Al (OH)3powders at 1500°C, α-Al2O3peaks could be observed. SEM morphology shows that the calcination process changes the Al (OH)3powders from hexagonal shape to form α-Al2O3with rounded shape.

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5

DeGaspari, John. "Making the Most of Aluminum Scrap." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-nov-3.

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This article highlights features of a process under-development that aims to recover wrought alloys for high-value applications. Chemically etched wrought aluminum scrap pieces have been separated into their respective alloy families using an optical identification system that is being developed by Alcoa. The technique has successfully completed proof-of-concept testing at Pacific Northwest National laboratory. One method of separating the mix of wrought aluminum into its alloy families combines chemical etching with an optical technique to sort the aluminum by color. John Green, vice president of technology of The Aluminum Association, believes these technologies will give automotive companies an incentive to commit to aluminum for sheet applications by ensuring that recycling wrought aluminum into higher-value applications is feasible. According to an expert, since processing recycled aluminum takes only 5 percent of the energy required to work from primary ingot, using recycled aluminum makes sense for automobiles.

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6

Yue, Qiang, and Zhong Wu Lu. "Aluminum Flow Analysis for the Life Cycle of Aluminum Products." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 2287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2287.

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In order to achieve a sustainable development of aluminum industry, aluminum flow analysis for the life cycle of aluminum products in China was necessary. Aluminum flow in the aluminum products life cycle of 2003-2007 in China has been analyzed, from which the following data were resulted. Resources self-support ratio in alumina production, aluminum production and the aluminum industry dropped, increased and leveled off in the period 2003-2007, respectively. Self-produced aluminum scrap use ratio was in the range 5-7%, and the situation of the aluminum scrap lacking state can’t be settled in case of fast increment of aluminum production. Proposals for the sustainable development of aluminum industry in China were put forward.

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7

Usmonov, J. M., Sh M. Shakirov, M. M. Ubaydullayev, and S. O. Parmonov. "Aluminum-based composition materials for processing aluminum scrap." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 8 (2021): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01857.7.

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8

Ahmad, Farhan, Akhyar, and Ali Masri. "Experiment on Hardness and Impact Strength of Recycled Aluminum Alloys by Metal Casting Process." Materials Science Forum 961 (July 2019): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.961.65.

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In this present work, the effects of recycled aluminum scraps on the impact and hardness properties and microstructures with a melting process are studied. The method was conducted to determine an impact toughness by Charphy pendulums; hardness materials by Vickers's test; and chemical composition by spectroscopy. Four types of aluminum scraps have been recycled using a metal casting process. They are beverage cans, aluminum profile bar waste, gasoline engine piston, and scrap pans. The results show that the maximum hardness obtained is 54.13 VHN on the material of the gasoline engine piston. The lowest hardness is 26.88 VHN which is obtained for pan aluminum recycle. The highest impact test result is obtained on an aluminum pan material which is 40.3 J/mm2 in average and the lowest value obtained is on the gasoline engine piston material which is 1.7 J/mm2 in average. The microstructure of the gasoline piston shows finer compared to the pans after cast.

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9

Verkhovlyuk, Anatoly, Vitaliy Dovbenko, and Ivan Chervonyi. "Analysis of aluminum scrap processing technology." ScienceRise 1, no. 12 (December 28, 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2313-8416.2019.189686.

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10

Lee, Ching-Hwa, Tei-Chih Cheau, and Sang-Teh Chen. "Separating aluminum from shredded automotive scrap." JOM 46, no. 5 (May 1994): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220695.

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11

Zhang, Jin Zhou. "Research of Composite Material Properties Based on Waste Glass and Scrap Aluminum." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2868.

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Considered waste glass and scrap aluminum as raw materials, preparation of waste glass and scrap aluminum composite materials by using mechanical mixing method. Composite material properties were studied by experiments. With the increase of the glass particles, the composite tensile strength and hardness are improved, wear resistance is increased much more than the matrix, it provides useful help of the use of waste.

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12

Trowell, Keena A., Sam Goroshin, David L. Frost, and Jeffrey M. Bergthorson. "The use of supercritical water for the catalyst-free oxidation of coarse aluminum for hydrogen production." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 11 (2020): 5628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se00996b.

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13

Asavavisithchai, Seksak, Natthida Jareankieathbovorn, and Areeya Srichaiyaperk. "Investigation of AC8A Scrap-Recycled Aluminum Foams." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.134.

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Open-cell Al foam has outstanding properties which are suitable for functional applications. However, a major drawback for widespread employment of Al foam is its high relative cost which can be several times higher than conventional metals. To reduce the cost, a recycled material waste is constructively used instead of expensive base metal. The present study aims to fabricate economical open-cell Al foams using AC8A alloy scrap from lathe machines. The Al foams were fabricated through pressure infiltration casting process at which the cellular pattern was made from commercial reticulated open-cell polyurethane foams with the pore size of 12 ppi. The compressive strength and microhardness of scrap-recycled Al foams are higher than those of pure Al foam. The increase in foam mechanical properties resulted from the change in foam microstructure as the formation of Si hard phase in Al matrix. The strength and microhardness of the foams increase with increasing scrap contents.

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14

Kristoffersen, Lill June, Anne Kvithyld, Arne Nordmark, Anders U. Johansson, Jan Anders Sæter, and Thorvald Abel Engh. "Study of Metal Quality and Melt Yield from Remelts of (i) Turnings AA3005 and (ii) Coil AA3003." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.1083.

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It is important for aluminum producers to predict metal quality and melt yield when scrap is remelted. Therefore, these parameters are studied in individual remelt experiments with (i) Turnings AA3005 and (ii) Coil AA3003 as scrap, as a function of percent added scrap up to 33 %. To ensure same melting conditions the scrap is melted in crucibles inside a Morgan resistance furnace, measuring temperature and hydrogen. Bifilm index is used as a measure of metal quality. The results indicate that the addition of scrap (up to 33 %) does not alter metal quality. Melt yield is however affected, with a metal recovery of around 90 % for the different types of scrap.

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15

李, 荣芳. "Preparation and Determination of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate from Scrap Aluminum." Hans Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology 07, no. 06 (2017): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2017.76035.

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16

Ambaryan, G. N., M. S. Vlaskin, E. I. Shkolnikov, and A. Z. Zhuk. "Technology for High Pure Aluminum Oxide Production from Aluminum Scrap." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 250 (October 2017): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/250/1/012044.

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17

Salman, Salman Salman, Emmy Dyah Sulistyowati, and Achmad Humaidi Humaidi. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SiC UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI KEKUATAN IMPAK ALUMINIUM SCRAP DAN STRUKTUR MIKRONYA DENGAN METODE SINTERING." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 8, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v8i1.4882.

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Abstrak-- Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan limbah silikon karbida (SiC) pada aluminium scrap (Al-scrap) terhadap ketangguhan impak dan setruktur mikro dengan metode metalugi serbuk (sintering). Material yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Al-scrap dan SiC. Ada tiga variasi campuran yaitu campuran cetakan masing-masing 0, 10 dan 20 % SiC. Pemanasan dilakukan selama 3 jam dan suhu 500 Co. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah pengujian impak dan pengamatan struktur mikro. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variasi dari penambahan SiC mempengaruhi kekuatan impak bahan. Penambahan SiC 20 % pada penelitian ini menghasilkan kekuatan impak yang paling tinggi sebesar 13.078 x 10-3 J/mm². Sedangkan Al-scrap tanpa penambahan SiC adalah 11.98 x 10-3 J/mm². Katakunci: SiC, Al-scrap, Sintering, Ketangguhan impak Abstract-- The study aims is to determine the effect of the additional of the silicon carbide (SiC) disposal to the aluminum scrap (Al-scrap) over the impact strength and microstructure by sintering method. The materials used in this study were Al-scrap and silicon carbide (SiC). There were three mixed variations, they were 0, 10 and 20% SiC. The specimens were heated for 3 hours at the temperature of 500 Co. The tests carried out were impact testing and microstructure observation. The results showed that the variations in the addition of SiC affected the value of the impact strength of the material. The addition of 20% SiC in this study resulted in the highest impact toughness of 13,08 x 10-3 J / mm². Whereas Al-scrap without the addition of SiC was 11.98 x 10-3 J / mm². Keywords: SiC, Al-scrap, Sintering, Impact toughness

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18

Kumar, G. S. Vinod, Korbinian Heim, Francisco Garcia-Moreno, John Banhart, and Andrew R. Kennedy. "Foaming of Aluminum Alloys Derived From Scrap." Advanced Engineering Materials 15, no. 3 (September 10, 2012): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201200122.

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19

Roth, David J. "The Approach to Zero Waste from Smelter and Secondary Dross Processing." Materials Science Forum 693 (July 2011): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.693.24.

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Worldwide production of aluminium continues to grow even in the past economic slowdown period, at present the annual production is at approximately 65 million metric tons per annum. The production of aluminum has contributed to about 1% of global green house gases and all industry is under pressure to reduce these emissions. The industry is also responsible for 1.0 – 1.8 million tons of dross/salt slag landfill waste per year. The percentage of aluminum recycled, (currently about one third), continues to increase and may be looked upon as a cornerstone for the reduction of green house gases in aluminum processing. Recycled aluminum needs just 5% of the energy and emits only 5% of green house gases but the re-melting of scrap aluminum produces dross that presents its own environmental problems.

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20

Horton, Philippa, Julian Allwood, Paul Cassell, Christopher Edwards, and Adrian Tautscher. "Material Demand Reduction and Closed-Loop Recycling Automotive Aluminium." MRS Advances 3, no. 25 (2018): 1393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.280.

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ABSTRACTEnvironmentally aware automotive manufacturers recycle aluminum production scrap in closed-loop systems to generate environmental and financial savings. Further savings could be gained if material demand is reduced, through improving the material utilization of the production process. Since a more efficient production process generates less scrap, the opportunity for closed loop recycling reduces when material demand reduces. This paper investigates the interaction between material demand reduction and closed loop recycling for an aluminum intensive case-study vehicle. It identifies the greatest environmental and financial savings when both strategies are implemented together. It is shown that a ‘recycled content’ target does not capture these saving opportunities. It is recommended that automotive manufacturers set targets for both material utilization and scrap recovery, to simultaneously promote closed-loop recycling and material demand reduction.

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21

Noga, Piotr, Andrzej Piotrowicz, Tomasz Skrzekut, Adam Zwoliński, and Paweł Strzępek. "Effect of Various Forms of Aluminum 6082 on the Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Surface Modification of the Profile after Extrusion Process." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175066.

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This article presents a method of reusing aluminum scrap from alloy 6082 using the hot extrusion process. Aluminum chips from milling and turning processes, having different sizes and morphologies, were cold pressed into briquettes prior to hot pressing at 400 °C at a ram speed of 2 mm/s. The study of mechanical properties combined with observations of the microstructures, as well as tests of density, hardness and electrical conductivity were carried out. On the basis of the results, the possibility of using the plastic consolidation method and obtaining materials with similar to a solid ingot mechanical properties, density and electrical conductivity was proven. The possibility of modifying the surface of consolidated aluminum scrap was tested in processes examples: polishing, anodizing and coloring. For this purpose, a number of analyses and tests were carried out: comparison of colors on color histograms, roughness determination, SEM and chemical composition analysis. It has been proven there are differences in the surface treatment of the solid material and that of scrap consolidation, and as such, these differences may significantly affect the final quality.

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22

Zare, Ramin, Jafar Nouri, Mohammad Ali Abdoli, Farideh Atabi, and Majid Alavi. "The Integrated Fuzzy AHP and Goal Programing Model Based on LCA Results for Industrial Waste Management by Using the Nearest Weighted Approximation of FN: Aluminum Industry in Arak, Iran." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1359691.

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The worldwide recycled aluminum generation is increasing quickly thanks to the environmental considerations and continuous growing of use demands. Aluminum dross recycling, as the secondary aluminum process, has been always considered as a problematic issue in the world. The aim of this work is to propose a methodical and easy procedure for the proposed system selection as the MCDM problem. Here, an evaluation method, integrated FAHP, is presented to evaluate aluminum waste management systems. Therefore, we drive weights of each pair comparison matrix by the use of the goal programming (GP) model. The functional unit includes aluminum dross and aluminum scrap, which is defined as 1000 kilograms. The model is confirmed in the case of aluminum waste management in Arak. For the proposed integrated fuzzy AHP model, five alternatives are investigated. The results showed that, according to the selected attributes, the best waste management alternative is the one involving the primary aluminum ingot 99.5% including 200 kg and the secondary aluminum 98% (scrap) including 800 kg, and beneficiation activities are implemented, duplicate aluminum dross is recycled in the plant, and finally it is landfilled.

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23

Hong, Jing Min, Zainab Z. Ismail, and Jing Lan Hong. "Environmental and Economic Assessment of Recycled Aluminum Alloy Production - A Case Study of China." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1027.

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A life cycle assessment was carried out to estimate the environmental and economic impacts of recycled aluminum alloy production. The impact seen from non-carcinogens, respiratory inorganics, terrestrial ecotoxicity, global warming and non-renewable energy categories played an important role to overall environmental impacts. The impact seen from carcinogens and aquatic ecotoxicity played relatively small role, while the impact seen from the rest categories affect the environment was ignorable. Specifically, the emissions from the aluminum and silicon production stages involved played an important role due to high energy consumption, while potential impact generated from other elements was quite small. Similarly, the cost of old aluminum scrap represented the dominant contribution to overall economic impacts. Accordingly, choosing natural gas based electricity production technology and improving old aluminum scrap consumption efficiency are the efficient way to minimize the overall environmental and economic impact, respectively.

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24

Lee, Gyu Chang, Myoung Gyun Kim, Joon Pyo Park, Jong Ho Kim, Ju Hee Jung, and Eung Ryul Baek. "Iron Removal in Aluminum Melts Containing Scrap by Electromagnetic Stirring." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.267.

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Excessive iron in aluminum melt produces needle-shaped beta-AlFeSi intermetallic compounds during solidification. The presence of beta-AlFeSi intermetallic compounds can be harmful in the extrusion process because of the high pressure. As a common process, those compounds change from the needle-shaped to the globular-shaped alpha-AlFeMnSi intermetallic compounds through the addition of manganese to the aluminum melt. Those phases settle down during the solidification process, and then such is cut. Note, however, that the efficiency of iron elimination is very low. Our previous study reported that EMS can help the alpha-AlFeMnSi intermetallic compounds form easier and faster and settle down at the bottom of the aluminum melt through the centrifugal force of EMS. To investigate the effect on the efficiency of iron elimination in aluminum melt scrap, EMS current, holding temperature, and time of melt as well as the ratio of manganese to iron were controlled. As a result of this study, lower holding temperature and longer holding time of aluminum melt make iron elimination in aluminum melt more efficient with induced EMS. The best efficiency of iron elimination in aluminum melt was 65.2%with EMS induced at 923k for 4 minutes.

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25

Abdallah, A. B., Ehab A. Abdelrahman, Adel M. Youins, Wesam A. Ibrahim, and Magdi E. Khalifa. "Selective preconcentration separation of Hg(ii) and Cd(ii) from water, fish muscles, and cucumber samples using recycled aluminum adsorbents." RSC Advances 12, no. 13 (2022): 7941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00028h.

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26

Mahfoud, Musbah, and Daryoush Emadi. "Aluminum Recycling - Challenges and Opportunities." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.571.

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Aluminum has experienced significant growth in several sectors over the last decade as a result of its properties and performance attributes. Aluminum is being recognized by different sectors such as automotive, construction, aerospace, etc. as a one of the best candidate material for various applications. Increasing demand for aluminum-based products and further globalization of the aluminum industry have contributed significantly to the higher consumption of aluminum scrap for re-production of aluminum alloys. In automotive applications, for example, the opportunities for continued growth in powertrain and suspension applications plus lightweighting of body structures offer the potential for considerable further growth. Today, a large amount of the aluminum going into new products is coming from recycled products. This represents a growing "energy bank" of aluminum that will become available for recycling at the end of vehicles' lives, and thus recycling is becoming a major issue, and it is essential to tackle this problem before it is too late. The future growth offers opportunity for new recycling technologies and practices to maximize scrap quality, improve efficiency and reduce cost. The present paper highlights some of the current development work in recycling, the challenges facing the implementation of recycling technologies and the future prospective of the idea.

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Shao, Hui Ping, Tao Lin, Ji Luo, and Zhi Meng Guo. "Separation and Recycling Non-Magnetic Metals from the Shredded Automobiles Scrap with Magnetic Fluids." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.470.

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It is important to separate the nonmagnetic metals from shredded automobiles scraps efficiently. The research relates in general to the separation of non-magnetic metals automatically on the basis of the different density of the magnetic fluids in a magnetic field. A water-based magnetic fluid was prepared with a chemical coprecipitation method by using ultrasonic in dispersing process. The magnetic field system was design and simulated by a finite element analysis software package, ANSYS 8.1. Separation tests were performed on the mixtures of aluminum, zinc, copper and lead with various scrap size and shape using the water-based magnetic fluids.

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28

SUGIYAMA, Sumio, Ryo TERADA, Yukio KASUGA, and Jun YANAGIMOTO. "525 Semisolid Extrusion of Aluminum Alloy Machining Scrap." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2007.15 (2007): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2007.15.361.

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29

Grażyna, Mrówka-Nowotnik, Kamil Gancarczyk, Andrzej Nowotnik, Kamil Dychtoń, and Grzegorz Boczkal. "Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast and Heat-Treated 2017A Aluminium Alloy Obtained from Scrap Recycling." Materials 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010089.

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The continuous increase in the consumption of aluminium and its alloys has led to an increase in the amount of aluminium scrap. Due to environmental protection, and to reduce the costs of manufacturing aluminum in recent years, a lot of research is devoted to recycling of aluminum alloys. The paper presents the results of research concerning the possibility of manufacturing standardized alloy 2017A from commercial and post-production scrap by continuous casting. Obtained from recycling process ingots were subjected to analysis of chemical composition and intermetallic phase composition. Based on the results of light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy + electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM + EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) the following phases in the as-cast state were identified: θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, Al7Cu2Fe, Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, and α-Al15(FeMn)3(SiCu)2. During solution heat treatment most of the primary precipitates of intermetallic phases, like θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, and Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, were dissolved in the solid solution α-Al, and during natural and artificial aging they precipitate as strengthening phases θ-Al2Cu and Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7 with high dispersion. The highest hardness—150.3 HB—of 2017A alloy was obtained after solution heat treatment from 510 °C and aging at 175 °C. In the static tensile test the mechanical (Rm and Rp0.2) and plastic (A5) properties were determined for 2017A alloy in the cast state and after T4 heat treatment. The highest strength properties—tensile strength Rm = 450.5 MPa and yield strength R0.2 = 268.7 MPa with good relative elongation A5 = 14.65%, were obtained after solution heat treatment at 510 °C/6 h/water quenching and natural aging at 25 °C for 70 h. The alloy manufactured from recycled scrap is characterized by relatively high mechanical properties.

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Machado, Ageu Araujo, João Carlos Zayatz, Marcos Meurer Da Silva, Guilherme Melluzzi Neto, Gislaine Camila Lapasini Leal, and Rafael Henrique Palma Lima. "Aluminum bar cutting optimization for door and window manufacturing." DYNA 87, no. 212 (January 1, 2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n212.82636.

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This study aims to optimize the one-dimensional cutting process of aluminum bars for the production of aluminum doors. Reducing the use of bars and the amount of material that becomes scrap is a key factor in process efficiency, reducing the need for raw material procurement. The mathematical model used considers the size of the bar, the number and size of cuts, the size of the leftovers that can be used and the size of the leftovers that are considered scrap. Based on real data from a company in the aluminum frame segment, the mathematical model was used to simulate three different scenarios. Three different objective functions were used in the simulations, and the results obtained in each scenario were described in order to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of using each objective function. For the instance sizes studied, the model is able to obtain optimal solutions with little computational time.

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31

Na, Hyunjin, Kyoungkeun Yoo, Manis Kumar Jha, and Carlito Baltazar Tabelin. "The Separation of Aluminum and Stainless-Steel Scraps Using Vibrating Mixed-Size Ball Bed." Metals 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070868.

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Dry gravity separation using a vibrating zirconia ball bed is proposed in this study to separate aluminum (Al) and stainless steel (STS) scraps obtained from spent hard disk drive recycling. The effects of zirconia ball sizes and vibrating power (vibration amplitude) on the separation efficiency of Al and STS scraps were investigated. The zirconia balls moved down at the center of the vessel and rose with the wall during the vibration test. Although more STS scraps sunk than Al scraps did, the separation efficiency was not maintained because Al scraps also sunk along with balls’ movement. The separation efficiency increased to 86.6% using 1-mm zirconia balls with a 2.5-mm vibration amplitude at 4 min, but it decreased rapidly by ball moving. Therefore, when a ball bed of mixed sizes (2:1 ratio of 1 and 3 mm) was used and arranged, whereby the 3-mm zirconia balls were above the 1-mm ball bed, the separation efficiency increased to 100% for more than 2 min. This dramatic improvement was because the 3-mm ball bed acted as a barrier to prevent sunken STS scraps from rising, and Al scrap cannot sink through the 3-mm ball bed. These results indicate that the separation of Al and STS scraps could be achieved successfully using the dry gravity separation method.

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32

Saltos Zambrano, José Elí, and Efrain Pérez Vega. "Utilización de material de espuma flex (poliestireno) para la construcción de modelos en los procesos de fundición." Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v2i1.933.

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This research aimed to lower the cost of smelting using flex foam material (poliestireno) for the production of models in foundry processes aluminum and brass. The importance of using this type of material is emphasized, as it reduces the time of process models design and implementation of this method which makes a contribution to the environment by reducing deforestation and pollution. The conclusions of this article point to the vital importance of implementing this new method because it reduces the great mountains of scrap aluminum, bronze and flex foam waste, helping to develop new methods of casting and caring for the environment and the community to do use of it.. Index Terms— Metallurgy, scabs, manufacture, scrap, wash

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33

Yue, Qiang, and Fan Gao. "Analysis of Regenerative Index of Depreciated Aluminum Products." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.1125.

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Regeneration index of depreciated metal products was the index to describe sufficient degree of metal regenerated resources in metal industry. Two approaches for defining the quantities of old aluminum scrap, methods based on aluminum social stock and aluminum products use life, were given. The average use life of aluminum products in China was calculated to be about fifteen years by the weighted average method. Calculating formula for regenerative index of depreciated aluminum products was given, and regenerative index of depreciated aluminum products in the history of China and USA were analyzed.

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34

Padamata, Sai Krishna, Andrey Yasinskiy, and Peter Polyakov. "A Review of Secondary Aluminum Production and Its Byproducts." JOM 73, no. 9 (July 30, 2021): 2603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04802-y.

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AbstractSecondary aluminum production is required for the conservation of the environment. It can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption and reduce the consumption of alumina, a source of primary aluminum. Secondary aluminum production requires sorting processes for the metal scrap before starting the refining process. Salt slags generated from both primary and secondary aluminum production need to be recycled/treated as they are considered hazardous byproducts. This review paper discusses the methods used for sorting and refining aluminum waste and managing and utilizing slag cakes/slag from recycling techniques.

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35

Sugiyama, Sumio, and Jun Yanagimoto. "Feasibility of Recycling Aluminum Alloy Scrap by Semisolid Extrusion." Solid State Phenomena 141-143 (July 2008): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.141-143.79.

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The feasibility of recycling machining grindings of aluminum alloys by semisolid process has been investigated. Machining grindings of A2011 aluminum alloy produced experimentally by lathe machining were used. The material is put into a metal mold and compressed up to 90 % of the true density at room temperature. The metal mold with the compressed machining grindings is heated up to a specified temperature. Afterwards, the metal mold is set into the extrusion container, and extrusion in hot and semisolid range was carried out. In this experimental study, extrusion load, internal structure of the product and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, hardness) of the product are assessed. It was proven that semisolid extrusion is about 40% less extrusion load compared with that of hot extrusion, the shape of the machining grindings remained in the hot extrusion and the semisolid extrusion products extrusion ratios higher than 10 have excellent elongation property, which is comparable to the commercialized product.

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Gesing, Adam J., Subodh K. Das, and Raouf O. Loutfy. "Production of Magnesium and Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys from Recycled Secondary Aluminum Scrap Melts." JOM 68, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1720-1.

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Ferrás, A. F., F. De Almeida, E. Costa e Silva, A. Correia, and F. J. G. Silva. "Scrap production of extruded aluminum alloys by direct extrusion." Procedia Manufacturing 38 (2019): 1731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.01.100.

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38

Peterson, Ray D. "Issues in the melting and reclamation of aluminum scrap." JOM 47, no. 2 (February 1995): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03221402.

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Coelho, Rodrigo Estevam, Paulo Jesus Costa Esteves, and Jorge Ferreira Brito. "Processing Aluminum Scrap Vial Mechanical Alloying and Subsequently Hot Extrusion." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.212.

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Recycle aluminum cans, an alternative route is presented in this work. The aluminum cans are cut in little flakes with a shears, and then the materials were milled, obtained fine powders. The weight ratio of the balls to powder was 10 to 1. Equipment of a horizontal high energy ball mill was utilized. The powder mixture was processed during 0.5, 1 and 2 hours at 950 rpm and after milling, the powders were directly hot extrusion. The extruder bars were submitted at a tensile tests and samples microstructures were analyzed by optical microscope. Experimental results obtained shows that the technique utilized in this work is very important for economized routes and consequently, less expensive, as compared with conventional methods.

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Mahfoud, Musbah, and Prasad Ayyagari. "A Method for Predicting the Chemical Composition of Recycled Aluminum Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.671.

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The present paper describes a method for predicting the imminence (hereafter referred as ‘quality’) of the chemical composition of a recycled alloy to that of a standard alloy of aluminum recycled alloy made from aluminum scrap (used automotive components). The present method allows the chemical composition of a recycled alloy to be predicted. The method has been validated experimentally, and the results obtained showed that the composition of the recycled alloy was close to that of the predicted one. These findings indicate that the present method can be successfully used for any other recycled alloys to predict the alloy composition based on the in-coming scrap alloys. In this work, the chemical composition of a synthesized recycled alloy was compared to an ASTM standard alloy with the nearest composition. It was found that the two compositions were very comparable. A deviation factor has been defined in order to understand the quality of the recycled alloy obtained with reference to the ASTM alloy.

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Nihad, Noori, Jassim Aliewi, Heba Salman, and Hesham Numan. "Investigation of lightweight structural materials produced using aluminum scraps with cement mortar." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 19, no. 1 (2021): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-27113.

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A lot of environmental concerns are increasing day after day result in the raise of solid waste in large quantities in the world resulting from the demolition of buildings and various industrial and commercial activities. This research provides the possibility of reusing one of these wastes solid aluminum scrap (Als) by using it to produce a modified type of cement mortar. The research focuses on the mechanical behavior of the new cement mortar type obtained by adding aluminum scrap by different percentages (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) as a replacement ratio from the weight of sand mixed with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The findings of this research indicated the possibility of using aluminum waste material in certain limits where the compressive strength significantly reduced by increasing the percentage of als. The most interesting observation was to increase the volume of the mixture by increasing the ratio of als. According to the results, it is possible to use this type of cement mortar to produce lightweight structural members such as slabs, bricks, etc. Finally, the general formulation was proposed based on the regression analysis and experimental measurements to give a capture of the compressive strength of mortar under any variables alter (age of specimen and/or quantity of aluminum replacement).

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Kresna Kepakisan, Komang Aria, and Rudi Siswanto. "PENGARUH MEDIA PENDINGIN DAN WAKTU TUNGGU TERHADAP POROSITAS, KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO MATERIAL AL PADUAN (RONGSOKAN) MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGECORAN EVAPORATIVE." JTAM ROTARY 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v1i1.1397.

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The purpose of this research is to know the effect of cooling media and holding time to porosity, hardness and micro structure of Al alloy material (scrap) using evaporative casting method. The method used in this research is the experimental method of smelting Al Alloy piston scrap and poured at 700°C in Styrofoam pattern mold with 10 and 15 minutes holding time, then cooled with medium air, brine, and water of PDAM for 30 minutes. The material used is excavator aluminum alloy (scrap) izumi piston with silicon aluminum alloy (Al-12% Si). The highest hardness value obtained from the results of cooling casting with the brine cooling medium for 10 minutes that is equal to 217,996 kg / mm2 average HV. At porosity, the highest value was obtained at holding time of 15 minutes with PDAM water cooling medium 5.088% against raw material. While the result of visual observation with 50x magnification of microstructure of specimen to raw material, Si material in raw material has significant length increase. The conclusion of the research results is that re-casting with variations of cooling medium and waiting time will increase hardness and increase porosity, except on brine cooling medium. Keywords: MTTR, MTTF, RCM (Reliability Centered Maintanance)

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43

Wędrychowicz, Mateusz, Łukasz Wzorek, Tomasz Tokarski, Piotr Noga, and Jakub Wiewióra. "Recycling without Melting: An Alternative Approach to Aluminum Scrap Recovery." Key Engineering Materials 682 (February 2016): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.682.284.

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Method of scrap recovery by hot extrusion in a contrast to traditional aluminum recycling process distinguishes itself with a low energy consumption and high recovery efficiency. Additionally, this type of recycling allows to recover materials even from highly fragmented forms of metal like chips, foils or filings by omitting melting procedure. In the present study results of 413.0 aluminum chips plastic consolidation will be presented. Chips after machining process were used as a charge material for the entire recycling process. In order to determined the best emulsion elimination method, three separate processes such as centrifugation, annealing and pressing were carried out. In result dry, wet and cleaned chips in a form of cylindrical billets were hot extruded into longitudinal square cross-section profiles. Mechanical properties were examined by uniaxial tensile tests while microstructure observations were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy. It has been showed that emulsion elimination by annealing gives the best results while at the same time all extruded materials revealed no significant differences in mechanical properties.

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44

Yang, Tung Sheng, Chieh Chang, and Ting Fu Zhang. "Forging Process Analysis of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Motorcycle Brake Parts." Key Engineering Materials 901 (October 8, 2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.901.176.

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This paper used finite element analysis of metal forming to study the forging process and die design of aluminum alloy brake parts. According to the process parameters and die design, the brake parts were forged by experiment. First, the die design is based on the product size and considering parting line, draft angle, forging tolerance, shrinkage and scrap. Secondly, the finite element analysis of metal forming is used to simulate the forging process of aluminum alloy brake parts. Finally, the aluminum alloy brake levers with dimensional accuracy and surface hardness were forged.

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45

He, Qing Zhong, Jia Wang, and Ming Chao Wang. "Failure Analysis of Flail Knife on Aluminum Scrap Impact Crusher." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.126.

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Flail knife is one consumable part of aluminum scrap impact crusher made in Germany. In order to lower production cost, localized production of flail knife has been researched. Flail knife in steel 42CrMo has been developed instead of that of Germany. In course of using, neck of the self-developed flail knife has been broke up and fractured. For seeking the reason of failure, microstructure and mechanical properties of new flail knife has been analyzed, and force condition has been calculated by finite element analysis, heat treatment process and installation technology has been investigated. The reason of failure in flail knife has been summarized, and the heat treatment process optimized has been designed and took good effect.

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46

Samuel, M. "Reinforcement of recycled aluminum-alloy scrap with Saffil ceramic fibers." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 142, no. 2 (November 2003): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00585-5.

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47

Zhu, Yongxian, and Daniel R. Cooper. "An Optimal Reverse Material Supply Chain for U.S. Aluminum Scrap." Procedia CIRP 80 (2019): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.01.065.

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48

Görner, Harald, Thorvald Abel Engh, Martin Syvertsen, and Li Feng Zhang. "Removal of Na and Ca from Aluminum Scrap through Filtration." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.801.

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Removal of Na by an “active” AlF3 filter seemed to be so efficient that all the sodium was removed in the present experiments. The removal of Na is considered to be limited by the resistance in the melt boundary layer only. However this is not the case for calcium. For calcium to be transfered into the AlF3, resistance in the filter grains has to be taken into account in addition to the resistance in the melt boundary layer. This was indicated by the total mass transfer coefficient of only 4x10-5 m/s. A kinetic model was derived that can describe the removal of Ca from molten aluminum in an “active” AlF3 filter by deep bed filtration following first order kinetics.

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Boin, U. M. J., and M. Bertram. "Melting standardized aluminum scrap: A mass balance model for europe." JOM 57, no. 8 (August 2005): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-005-0164-4.

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50

Prasada Rao, A. K., W. Q. Ain, M. K. Faisal, and B. I. Mazni. "Undiluted Recycling of Aluminum Scrap Alloy Using Hume-Rothery’s Rule." Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis 7, no. 2 (February 21, 2018): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13632-018-0431-8.

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