To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Aluminum plants.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aluminum plants'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Aluminum plants.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Klugh, Katrina R. "Aluminum resistance of mycorrhizal plants." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4793.
Full text
2
Stone, Bethany. "The effects of boron deficiency and aluminum toxicity on plant magnesium /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036861.
Full text
3
Ning, Jianchang. "Mycorrhizal roles in broomsedge plants under phosphorus limitation and aluminum toxicity." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1685.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 146 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-145).
4
Parker, David R. "Speciation and phytotoxicity of mono- and polynuclear aluminum in dilute hydroxy-aluminum solutions." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82626.
Full textAbstract:
Despite long-standing interest in the toxicity of aluminum (Al) to plants, relationships between phytotoxicity and the chemistry of Al in hydroxyl-dominated systems remain unresolved. First, the ferron (8-hydroxy-7-iodo-5-quinoline-sulfonic acid), aluminon (aurintricarboxylic acid, triammonium salt), and 8-hydroxyquinoline methods were evaluated and compared for their ability to yield estimates of the mononuclear fraction, ƒm, in Al solutions of varying basicity. Reactions of ferron or aluminon with Al were kinetically modeled as two parallel irreversible reactions, while 8-hydroxyquinoline required use of an arbitrary cutoff time. Estimates of ƒm were in the order 8-hydroxyquinoline > ferron > aluminon at basicities ≤ 1, while at a basicity of 2.25 the general order was aluminon ≥ 8-hydroxyquinoline > ferron. Aging solutions up to 32 days resulted in decreased estimates of ƒm using aluminon, but estimates using ferron and 8-hydroxyquinoline were only minimally affected. All three methods yielded results of adequate precision for most purposes, although the ferron procedure was only about one-half as sensitive than the other two. Additional studies using ferron demonstrated its utility for characterizing the nonmononuclear Al fraction using kinetic analyses. The ferron method was selected for continued use based on its simplicity, level of precision, and moderate reaction rate with Al.
Next, 2-day old wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings were transferred to 500-mL test solutions for 2 days of additional growth at 298 K in the dark, and final root lengths used as the measure of Al toxicity. Quantities of polynuclear hydroxy-Al were estimated using ferron, and activities of mononuclear species were calculated using the computer program GEOCHEM. In the absence of polynuclear hydroxy-Al, raising solution pH consistently ameliorated Al toxicity suggesting that Al³⁺ is the primary toxic species. The results did not confirm other reports that the sum of the mononuclear species activities is a reliable predictor of Al phytotoxicity. Polynuclear hydroxy-Al was also demonstrably toxic, supporting isolated reports of the same finding.
Last, the toxicity of the polynuclear species as a function of experimental conditions was investigated. Increasing solution age, rate of base addition, or levels of added phosphate decreased the quantity of reactive polymers ([Alb]) as measured by ferron. Inhibition of root growth of both wheat and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was well-correlated with [Alb], and these polymers were considerably more toxic than Al³⁺. The wheat cultivars 'Tyler' and 'Seneca' exhibited differential tolerance to Al³⁺, but not to [Alb], further suggesting differences in the physiological bases of mono- and polynuclear Al toxicity. Characterization of Alb by several methods indicated that the toxic species are relatively small, highly charged, and principally the so-called Al₁₃ polymer. These findings have practical implications for the accurate prediction of toxic Al levels in both solution culture media and soil solutions.Ph. D.
5
Mahmud, Khairil. "Distribution and functional significance of Al in tropical forest plants." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235553.
Full textAbstract:
The general aim of this thesis was to investigate the mechanisms that determine variation in Al accumulation among tropical woody plants. The focus of the study variation among populations of the well-studied Al accumulator Melastoma malabathricum, but this was coupled with sampling 50 tree species growing on the 50 ha forest dynamics plot at Pasoh Forest Reserve in Peninsular Malaysia in order to gain a perspective on Al accumulation at a community scale. I sampled mature leaves and seeds of M. malabathricum from 20 populations growing in six habitats across Peninsular Malaysia. Concentrations of Al, N, P, K, Ca and Mg were determined in air-dried leaves and the soil from each site. The seeds were used to generate cohorts of seedlings that were grown in hydroponic solutions amended with Al in the form of 1.0 mM AlCl3. Foliar Al concentrations varied significantly among populations, but were not consistently different among plants growing in different habitats and showed no relationship to total or exchangeable Al concentrations in soils collected at the 20 sites. Similarly, foliar Al concentrations in seedlings grown in the presence of Al differed significantly among source populations, but values did not correlate with foliar Al concentrations in wild plants from parent populations. Mean foliar Al concentration in wild plants was positively correlated with foliar Ca concentration, and with total soil Ca and Mg concentrations, across the 20 populations. Furthermore, total dry mass and relative growth rates were significantly greater for seedlings that had received Al in the growth medium than for seedlings that had received no Al. The growth response to Al addition varied among populations of M. malabathricum, and relative growth rate in response to Al addition was greater for populations that accumulated higher foliar Al concentrations. In a further experiment, increasing Al concentrations from In a further experiment, increasing Al concentrations from 0 to 2.0 mM in the nutrient solution increased rates of growth, but growth declined at 5.0 mM Al. The responses to Al addition varied among populations for growth, photosynthesis, respiration, carbon allocation, and foliar P, Ca, and Mg concentrations. The rates of photosynthesis and respiration, and total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations, were higher for seedlings grown in the presence of 2.0 mM Al in the nutrient solution than in the absence of Al, while lignin concentration in roots decreased. These results suggest that Al addition stimulate growth stimulation by increasing rates of photosynthesis and respiration, resulting in higher non-structural carbohydrate concentrations. Increased allocation of photosynthate to root systems coupled with their lower lignification results in enhanced nutrient uptake (particularly P, Ca and Mg), which contributes to enhanced whole-plant growth. To test the prevalence of Al accumulation at the community scale I sampled 50 tree species growing on the 50 ha Forest Dynamics Plot at Pasoh Forest Reserve in Peninsular Malaysia. Twenty two species possessed foliar Al concentrations that exceeded a value of 2.3 mg g-1 Al dry mass, which is a suitable threshold for detecting Al accumulators in Southeast Asian forests. A phylogenetic signal was detected for foliar concentrations of Al and other elements, suggesting that more closely related species have more similar values of these traits. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that soil Al concentrations have limited influence on the fine-scale distribution of the tree species sampled at Pasoh. I conclude that the distribution of differences in the expression of Al accumulation among populations of M. malabathricum and the distribution of Al accumulator species within a tree community growing at one site are uncoupled from soil Al concentrations, but may be linked to other soil properties such as Ca and Mg concentrations. When supplied in nutrient solutions, Al promotes the growth of the Al accumulator M. malabathricum through a physiological mechanism that includes up-regulation of photosynthetic and respiration rates. The functional significance of this growth response for plants growing under natural conditions in the field requires further investigation.
6
O'Reilly, Kirk Thomas. "The role of copper in the apparent aluminum toxicity of aquatic systems." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3522.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of variations in aluminum and copper concentrations on the growth rate and enzyme activity of the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda was investigated. The goal was to determine which chemical species control the biological parameters. The computer program MINEQL (Westal et al 1976) was used to estimate chemical speciation. In the prevalence of both metals, algal growth rate and alkaline phosphatase activity could be correlated to cupric ion activity. The activity of isolated bacterial alkaline phosphatase was found to be a function of both total copper concentration and cupric ion activity. A model was developed to predicted the effects on alkaline phosphatase of perturbation in aquatic chemistry.
7
Ayeni, Olutoyosi Olaide. "Growth responses within the Genus Cyperus exposed to aluminium and iron in hydroponics." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2430.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Generally, aluminium (Al) is required as a micronutrient by plants. The metabolism of Al within the plant can exert a number of effects within the plant. These include: interfering with cell division in both root tips and lateral roots, increasing cell wall rigidity, maintaining the correct cellular redox state, as well as the various other physiological and growth responses. Al is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust and becomes toxic in many plants when the concentration is greater than 2-3 ppm, where the soil has a pH<5.5. Iron (Fe) is an equally important element, and the toxicity of this metal possesses constraints primarily on wetland plants growing in acidic soils that have high reducible iron content. The impact of metal toxicity (Al and Fe) requires an understanding of many aspects related to Al and Fe uptake, transport and distribution by plants in wetland ecosystems. In this study, three species of Cyperus viz. Cyperus alternifolius, Cyperus prolifer and Cyperus textilis were used to carry out phytotoxicity tests to monitor xenobiotic substances.
8
Freitas, Lucas Barbosa de [UNESP]. "Interação silício e alumínio em plantas de arroz de terras altas e mamona." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123372.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2015-01-20Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:58:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
000829311.pdf: 1160936 bytes, checksum: db203d5236f045fde7fd22dbb3e9917e (MD5)A toxicidade ao alumínio (Al3+) é um dos principais limitantes da produtividade em solos ácidos e o silício (Si) é uma forma interessante de se minimizar a toxidez por Al3+ em plantas, porém, ainda não se conhece de forma clara o mecanismo envolvido na interação Si e Al3+. Assim, os objetivos que fundamentaram esse trabalho foram: avaliar a capacidade de fontes e doses de Al3+ em causar toxidez em plantas de arroz de terras altas cultivadas em solução nutritiva; avaliar a suscetibilidade ao Al3+ de cultivares de arroz de terras altas utilizados atualmente por agricultores brasileiros; avaliar a suscetibilidade ao Al3+ de linhagens de mamona do programa de melhoramento genético da FCA - UNESP; avaliar a interação Si e Al3+ em plantas de arroz de terras altas (cultura acumuladora de Si) e mamona (cultura não acumuladora de Si). Foram instalados cinco experimentos em casa de vegetação, conduzidos em solução nutritiva. Todos utilizaram delineamento em blocos casualizados e quatro repetições. Experimento 1 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x5, os tratamentos foram duas fontes de Al3+ (sulfato de alumínio e potássio e cloreto de alumínio) e cinco doses de Al3+ (0; 370; 740; 1100 e 1480 μmol L-1) avaliadas em plantas de arroz de terras altas. Experimento 2 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x9, os tratamentos foram com e sem Al3+ e nove cultivares de arroz de terras altas. Experimento 3 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x9, os tratamentos foram com e sem Al3+ e nove linhagens de mamona. Experimento 4 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x4, os tratamentos foram dois cultivares de arroz de terras altas (ANa 7007 - tolerante e Maravilha - suscetível ao Al3+) e quatro combinações de Si e Al3+ (1 – sem Si e sem Al3+; 2 – com Si e sem Al3+; 3 – sem Si e com Al3+; 4 – com Si e com Al3+). Experimento 5 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x4, os tratamentos foram duas linhagens de mamona ...
The aluminum toxicity is a major limiting productivity in acid soils and Si is an interesting way to minimize the Al3+ toxicity in plants, however, the mechanism of this interaction between Si and Al3+ is not well understood. The objectives underlying this work were: evaluate the efficiency of aluminum sources and doses in causing toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution; describe the susceptibility to Al3+ by upland rice cultivars currently used by Brazilians farmers; describe the susceptibility of castor bean cultivars of FCA - UNESP' plant breeding program; evaluate the interaction between Si and Al3+ in upland rice plants (Si-accumulator plant) and castor bean (non-Si-accumulator plant). Were installed five greenhouse experiments, conducted in nutrient solution. All experiments were laid out in randomized block design, with four replications. Experiment 1 - arranged in factorial design 2x4, the treatments were two Al3+ source (aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride) and five Al3+ doses (0; 370; 740; 1100 and 1480 μmol L-1) evaluated in upland rice plants. Experiment 2 - arranged in factorial design 2x9, the treatments were with and without Al3+ and nine upland rice cultivars. Experiment 3 - arranged in factorial design 2x9, the treatments were with and without Al3+ and nine castor bean cultivars. Experiment 4 - arranged in factorial design 2x4, the treatments were two upland rice cultivars (Maravilha Al3+ susceptible and ANa 7007 Al3+ tolerant) and four Si e Al3+ combinations (1-without Si and without Al3+; 2-with Si and without Al3+; 3- without Si and with Al3+, 4-with Si and with Al3+). Experiment 5 - arranged in factorial design 2x4, the treatments were two castor bean cultivars (CRZ H18 Al3+ susceptible and CRZ H06 Al3+ tolerant) and four Si e Al3+ combinations (1-without Si and without Al3+; 2-with Si and without Al3+; 3- without Si and with Al3+, 4-with Si and with Al3+) ...
9
Metali, Faizah Haji. "Factors controlling Al accumulation in plants : effects of phylogeny, soil conditions and external nutrient supply." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165794.
Full textAbstract:
I used a data-set of 986 plant species (from 493 genera in 195 families) obtained from a literature search and a new data collection for 58 tropical tree species (from 31 genera in 18 families) growing in two contrasting forest types in Brunei Darussalam: mixed dipterocarp forest on moderately infertile ultisols and fluvisols, and heath forest on acidic and nutrient-poor spodosols. I provide statistical evidence for the existence of discreet groups of species representing Al accumulators and non-Al accumulator based on foliar Al concentrations. The threshold foliar Al concentration was higher for tropical plants (range 2.3-3.9 mg Al g-1) than temperate plant (1.1 mg Al g-1). Species’ mean log foliar Al concentration was also higher for tropical (0.73 ± 1.11 mg Al g-1) than temperate plants (0.16 ± 1.07 mg Al g-1). I used the tropical Al accumulating shrub Melastoma malabathricum L. as a study species to test the hypotheses that growth would be stimulated by Al addition. Growth of M. malabathricum seedlings was stimulated by Al addition when the external supply of macronutrients was very low, and this growth response was associated with an increase in net assimilation rate and specific leaf area. Foliar Al concentration was positively correlated with foliar concentrations of Ca and Mg across 16 Al accumulator species sampled in the field study in Brunei Darussalam, while foliar Al and K concentrations were correlated positively in M. malabathricum seedlings growing in the solution culture experiments. These positive correlations contradict the hypothesis that Al inhibits the uptake of nutrient cations and they may contribute to the positive growth response to Al addition in Al accumulator plants.
10
Rodriguez, Miguel A. "Molecular genetic approaches to the study of aluminum tolerance and toxicity in wheat and rye /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060136.
Full text
11
com, harriehofstede@yahoo, and Henricus T. Hofstede. "Use of bauxite refining residue to reduce the mobility of heavy metals in municipal waste compost." Murdoch University, 1994. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060815.143422.
Full textAbstract:
Use of bauxite refining residue to reduce the mobility of heavy metals in municipal waste compost.
Due to the adverse environmental impact of landfills and the lack of space for nearby population centres an unprecedented interest has developed in waste recycling with the objective to reduce the volume of waste disposed. Generally organic matter represents the largest fraction in the domestic waste stream including food, garden and paper waste.
In the past efforts have been made to process this organic fraction into muniapal compost.However contamination of the compost with heavy metals has in many cases resulted in the lack of suitable markets and subsequent closure of compost facilities. A study was undertaken and aimed at reducing the concentration and mobility of heavy metals in
municipal compost.
Bauxite refining residue ha; a high capacity to immobilise metals in soils through
precipitation, cation exchange and chemisorption (Fe- and Al- oxides).
The first step in the study was to assess the metal adsorption capacity of red mud by equilibrating red mud with metal solutions. Metal removal from solution proved very high.
Subsequently, the effect of red mud addition to municipal compost was studied in relation to metal mobility. In particular the interaction of metals with the mobile soluble organic fraction, the humic and fulvic acids, was investigated. It was found that most metals remained in the insoluble humin fraction and the metals in solution remained complexed to the soluble organic fraction. Red mud appeared to be able to adsorp fulvic and humic acids
and thus indirectly immobilise the metals in solution. Red mud did not appear to be able to transfer metals from the organic fraction to the mineral red mud fraction.
ft was kypothesised that, in order for the metals to be adsorped to red mud, the red mud needed to be present in the organic waste prior to composting. Metal adsorption to red mud is a rapid chemical reaction while metal complexation to the organic fraction takes a number of weeks, since it must be sufficiently oxidised to contain functional groups.
In order to verify this hypothesis, an installation with seven incubators was developed which allowed composting to be undertaken under computer controlled conditions and
monitored for temperature, airflow and carbon dioxide respiration. The incubators were filled with 10 kg of a mixture of grass clippings and sawdust. The first incubator functioned as a control. The contents of the rest of the incubators were spiked with the following
metals: Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. In addition the contents of the 3rd - 7th incubators were amended with an increasing percentage of red mud, respectively 10,20,25,30 and 40 % by weight. After the mixture was composted, the metal mobility was reduced by approx. 80 - 99 %, depending on the metal. The mobility was assessed as leachable and plant available in relation to the total metal content. Red mud did not affect the composting process if < 40% red mud was added.
The next step was to compost municipal organic waste in a pilot plant (capacity 5 m3) using batches with and without red mud. Mixed waste was collected from 150 households and
the glass, metal and plastic fractions were removed bx- manual sorting. The rest was composted.
The red mud - compost had a relatively lower metal content and a reduced metal mobility compared to compost without red mud. The red mud - compost also had a 300 times higher
pH buffer capacity and 90%less soluble organic matter.
The addition of red mud prior to composting was found to reduce the concentration and mobility of metals in compost, improve the quality of compost as a soil conditioner, increased the resistance of the organic fraction against further breakdown and this process
thus adds value to both red mud and organic waste.
12
Radke, William Henry. "The interrelationships of electric utilities and energy intensive industries : the case of the primary aluminum industry." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28778.
Full text
13
Lungu, Sosten. "Effect of poultry litter amended with aluminum sulfate on plant growth and soil properties." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-05162008-125227.
Full text
14
Martinez, Julio Alberto. "INFLUENCE OF ALUMINUM ION ON THE ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF A POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER." MSSTATE, 2003. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07212003-094518/.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of Al 3+ on the anaerobic treatment of a poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was studied in this work. The soluble COD (SCOD), volatile acid (VA) concentrations, and methane yield values were measured and compared for zero, 15, and 40 ppm Al 3+ runs. Methane yields of 55.4, 144.2, and 215.4 ml CH4/g. COD for zero, 15, and 40 ppm Al 3+ concentrations, respectively, were observed. Furthermore, SCOD and VAs were not detectable in the reactor that was seeded with 40 ppm Al 3+. It was concluded that inhibitory effects of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) on aceticlastic methanogens were reduced by aluminum ion. This conclusion was also corroborated by a new mathematical model for estimating the Monod parameters developed in this work. The main characteristic of this new model is that estimated parameters must satisfy some restrictions, which provides consistency for the estimated parameters.
15
Freitas, Lucas Barbosa de 1984. "Interação silício e alumínio em plantas de arroz de terras altas e mamona /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123372.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Dirceu Maximino FernandesBanca: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas
Banca: Rosemary Marques de A. Bertani
Banca: Orivaldo Arf
Banca: Adalton Mazetti Fernandes
Resumo: A toxicidade ao alumínio (Al3+) é um dos principais limitantes da produtividade em solos ácidos e o silício (Si) é uma forma interessante de se minimizar a toxidez por Al3+ em plantas, porém, ainda não se conhece de forma clara o mecanismo envolvido na interação Si e Al3+. Assim, os objetivos que fundamentaram esse trabalho foram: avaliar a capacidade de fontes e doses de Al3+ em causar toxidez em plantas de arroz de terras altas cultivadas em solução nutritiva; avaliar a suscetibilidade ao Al3+ de cultivares de arroz de terras altas utilizados atualmente por agricultores brasileiros; avaliar a suscetibilidade ao Al3+ de linhagens de mamona do programa de melhoramento genético da FCA - UNESP; avaliar a interação Si e Al3+ em plantas de arroz de terras altas (cultura acumuladora de Si) e mamona (cultura não acumuladora de Si). Foram instalados cinco experimentos em casa de vegetação, conduzidos em solução nutritiva. Todos utilizaram delineamento em blocos casualizados e quatro repetições. Experimento 1 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x5, os tratamentos foram duas fontes de Al3+ (sulfato de alumínio e potássio e cloreto de alumínio) e cinco doses de Al3+ (0; 370; 740; 1100 e 1480 μmol L-1) avaliadas em plantas de arroz de terras altas. Experimento 2 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x9, os tratamentos foram com e sem Al3+ e nove cultivares de arroz de terras altas. Experimento 3 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x9, os tratamentos foram com e sem Al3+ e nove linhagens de mamona. Experimento 4 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x4, os tratamentos foram dois cultivares de arroz de terras altas (ANa 7007 - tolerante e Maravilha - suscetível ao Al3+) e quatro combinações de Si e Al3+ (1 - sem Si e sem Al3+; 2 - com Si e sem Al3+; 3 - sem Si e com Al3+; 4 - com Si e com Al3+). Experimento 5 - disposto em modelo fatorial 2x4, os tratamentos foram duas linhagens de mamona ...
Abstract: The aluminum toxicity is a major limiting productivity in acid soils and Si is an interesting way to minimize the Al3+ toxicity in plants, however, the mechanism of this interaction between Si and Al3+ is not well understood. The objectives underlying this work were: evaluate the efficiency of aluminum sources and doses in causing toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution; describe the susceptibility to Al3+ by upland rice cultivars currently used by Brazilians farmers; describe the susceptibility of castor bean cultivars of FCA - UNESP' plant breeding program; evaluate the interaction between Si and Al3+ in upland rice plants (Si-accumulator plant) and castor bean (non-Si-accumulator plant). Were installed five greenhouse experiments, conducted in nutrient solution. All experiments were laid out in randomized block design, with four replications. Experiment 1 - arranged in factorial design 2x4, the treatments were two Al3+ source (aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride) and five Al3+ doses (0; 370; 740; 1100 and 1480 μmol L-1) evaluated in upland rice plants. Experiment 2 - arranged in factorial design 2x9, the treatments were with and without Al3+ and nine upland rice cultivars. Experiment 3 - arranged in factorial design 2x9, the treatments were with and without Al3+ and nine castor bean cultivars. Experiment 4 - arranged in factorial design 2x4, the treatments were two upland rice cultivars (Maravilha Al3+ susceptible and ANa 7007 Al3+ tolerant) and four Si e Al3+ combinations (1-without Si and without Al3+; 2-with Si and without Al3+; 3- without Si and with Al3+, 4-with Si and with Al3+). Experiment 5 - arranged in factorial design 2x4, the treatments were two castor bean cultivars (CRZ H18 Al3+ susceptible and CRZ H06 Al3+ tolerant) and four Si e Al3+ combinations (1-without Si and without Al3+; 2-with Si and without Al3+; 3- without Si and with Al3+, 4-with Si and with Al3+) ...
Doutor
16
Silva, Carolina de Marchi Santiago da [UNESP]. "Mecanismos de tolerância ao Al3+ em plantas comparando espécie de Cerrado (Styrax camporum), limoeiro ‘cravo’ (Citrus limonia cv. cravo) e trigo (Triticum aestivum)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152595.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by CAROLINA DE MARCHI SANTIAGO DA SILVA null (carolmsantiago@gmail.com) on 2018-01-26T00:36:21Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
tese_ repositório.pdf: 9864100 bytes, checksum: 750ed24c6bf82e4cb76088a6ef42e3ee (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-01-26T11:13:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_cms_dr_rcla.pdf: 9847207 bytes, checksum: d4dc0d33ef54769d644003d06014b328 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T11:13:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_cms_dr_rcla.pdf: 9847207 bytes, checksum: d4dc0d33ef54769d644003d06014b328 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-28
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Presente em solos ácidos, o alumínio principalmente encontrado na sua forma tóxica (Al3+) tem como principal efeito a diminuição do crescimento radicular. O Cerrado ocorre no centro-oeste do Brasil sob solos ácidos (pH <4) e com alto teor de alumínio (Al). Citrus limonia cv ‘Cravo’ Osbeck e Styrax camporum Pohl compartilham localização geográfica e características edáficas em que se estabelecem, no entanto exibem respectivamente sensibilidade e tolerância ao Al. O presente trabalho visa elucidar mecanismos envolvidos no estresse por Al3+ a nível de expressão gênica radicular. Para as duas espécies foi feita uma análise de transcriptoma para avaliar os efeitos do Al por uma perspectiva global, e a partir destes resultados alguns genes foram selecionados para avaliação ao longo de experimentos de hidroponia mantido por 60 dias. São discutidas estratégias de tolerância e sensibilidade ao Al nas duas espécies, juntamente com análises de biometria, quantificação hormonal e anatomia que corroboram o comportamento sensível de Citrus e tolerante de Styrax por diversas vias. Além disso, o último capítulo trata da dependência do pH em um importante mecanismo de tolerância ao Al em trigo envolvendo exsudação de ácido orgânico.
Present in acid soils, aluminum mainly found in its toxic form (Al3+) has as main effect the decrease of root growth. Cerrado occurs in central-western Brazil under acid soils (pH <4) and high aluminum content (Al). Citrus limonia (Osbeck) and Styrax camporum (Pohl) share geographic location and edaphic characteristics in where they are settled, however exhibiting respectively Al-sensitivity and Al-tolerance. The present work aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved in Al3+ stress at root gene expression level. For both species, a transcriptome analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of Al in a global perspective, and from these results some genes were selected for evaluation in hydroponic experiments maintained for 60 days. Al tolerance and sensitivity strategies are discussed in both species, together with analyzes of biometrics, hormonal quantification and anatomy data that corroborate the Al-sensitive behavior of Citrus and Al-tolerance in Styrax by several routes. In addition, the last chapter deals with the dependence of pH on one important mechanism of Al tolerance in wheat involving organic acid exudation.
FAPESP: 2013/11370-3
17
Di, Corleto Ross, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The Evaluation of heat stress indices using physiological comparisons in an alumina refinery in a sub-tropical climate." Deakin University, 1998. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.124324.
Full textAbstract:
The production of alumina involves the use of a process known as the Bayer process. This method involves the digestion of raw bauxite in sodium hydroxide at temperatures around 250°C. The resultant pregnant liquor then goes through a number of filtering and precipitation processes to obtain the aluminium oxide crystals which are then calcined to obtain the final product. The plant is situated in a sub tropical climate in Northern Australia and this combined with the hot nature of the process results in a potential for heat related illnesses to develop. When assessing a work environment for heat stress a heat stress index is often employed as a guideline and to date the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) has been the recommended index. There have been concerns over the past that the WBGT is not suited to the Northern Australian climate and in fact studies in other countries have suggested this is the case. This study was undertaken in the alumina plant situated in Gladstone Queensland to assess if WBGT was in fact the most suitable index for use or if another was more applicable. To this end three indices, Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), Heat Stress Index (HSI) and Required Sweat Rate (SWreq) were compared and assessed using physiological monitoring of heart rate and surrogate core temperature.
A number of different jobs and locations around the plant were investigated utilising personal and environmental monitoring equipment. These results were then collated and analysed using a computer program written as part of the study for the manipulation of the environmental data . Physiological assessment was carried out using methods approved by international bodies such as National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) and International Standards Organisation (ISO) and incorporated the use of a Physiological Factor developed to enable the comparison of predicted allowable exposure times and strain on the individual.
Results indicated that of the three indices tested, Required Sweat Rate was found to be the most suitable for the climate and in the environment of interest. The WBGT system was suitable in areas in the moderate temperature range (ie 28 to 32°C) but had some deficiencies above this temperature or where the relative humidity exceeded approximately 80%. It was however suitable as a first estimate or first line indicator. HSI over-estimated the physiological strain in situations of high temperatures, low air flows and exaggerated the benefit of artificial air flows on the worker in certain environments ie. fans.
18
Feltrim, Daniela 1983. "Análise funcional e fisiológica de genes de milho induzidos pelo estresse por alumínio." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317057.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Marcelo Menossi Teixeira, Augustina GentileDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Feltrim_Daniela_M.pdf: 2255232 bytes, checksum: c1f34d09fda3a2de4f7c62d0c7b9ec71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O presente trabalho possui como objetivo caracterizar fisiológica e funcionalmente um gene de milho que têm expressão relacionada com a tolerância ao cultivo em solo ácido contendo níveis tóxicos de alumínio (Al). Este gene, denominado Zmwrky69, foi identificado na linhagem de milho Cat100-6, tolerante ao Al (Mattiello et al., 2010). A análise da sequência da proteína ZmWRKY69 indica que ela pertence ao grupo III dessa família de fatores de transcrição, apresentando o motivo WRKYGKQ na região amino terminal e o motivo dedo de zinco Cx7Cx23HxC na região carboxi terminal. A proteína ZmWRKY69 está localizada no núcleo, conforme inferido por ensaio de localização subcelular em epitélio de cebola empregando uma fusão da proteína de milho com a proteína verde fluorescente (GFP). Ensaios de duplo híbrido em levedura indicam que a proteína ZmWRKY69 interage com um receptor de giberelina, uma proteína envolvida com a regulação por auxinas e uma proteína com função desconhecida. Plantas transgênicas de tabaco superexpressando Zmwrky69 apresentaram menor inibição do crescimento radicular na presença de Al, comparativamente às plantas selvagens. Esses resultados indicam que o gene Zmwrky69 codifica um fator de transcrição que apresenta um papel importante na tolerância ao Al em milho
Abstract: The objective of the present work is to characterize a gene differentially expressed in the maize inbred line Cat100-6 (aluminum tolerant) grown in acidic soil containing toxic levels of aluminum. This gene called Zmwrky69 was identified in the aluminum tolerant Cat100-6 inbred line (Mattiello et al., 2010). The sequence analysis of the ZmWRKY69 protein indicated that it belongs to the group III of this transcription factor family classification. The protein has the motif WRKYGKQ in the amino terminal region and a zinc finger motif Cx7Cx23HxC in the carboxi terminal region. This protein is localized in the nucleus as inferred by subcellular localization in onion epidermis using a maize protein fused to the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Yeast two-hybrid essays indicate that the protein ZmWRKY69 interacts with a gibberellin receptor, a protein involved in auxin regulation and a protein with an unknown function. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing Zmwrky69 presented a lower degree of root growth inhibition in the presence of Al compared to wild type plants. These results indicate that Zmwrky69 gene encodes a transcription factor that presents an important role in Al tolerance in maize
Mestrado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Mestra em Genética e Biologia Molecular
19
Mattiello, Lucia. "Fisiologia e transcriptoma de milho cultivado em solo ácido." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317449.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Marcelo Menossi Teixeira, Renato Atílio JorgeTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T10:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mattiello_Lucia_D.pdf: 1855407 bytes, checksum: 309c252e258389c8f81e79e8fba49e74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A presença do alumínio (Al) em solos ácidos é o principal fator limitante da produtividade agrícola no Brasil e no mundo. A resposta desenvolvida pelas plantas contra o Al é complexa e a identificação de genes responsivos após a exposição ao íon através de técnicas de análise em larga escala, como microarrays, pode facilitar a sua compreensão. Este projeto possui como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento sobre a fisiologia e a regulação gênica de raízes e folhas utilizando genótipos contrastantes de milho (Cat100-6 (Al-tolerante) e S1587-17 (Al-sensível)) cultivadas em solo ácido com concentração fitotóxica de Al. As linhagens de milho Cat100-6 e S1587-17 foram cultivadas por um ou três dias em solo ácido (pH 4,1) ou solo corrigido com Ca(OH)2 (pH 5,5). O genótipo S1587-17 apresentou uma maior inibição do crescimento radicular, resultado este altamente correlacionado com a acumulação de Al nos ápices radiculares e deposição de calose. Os dados fisiológicos confirmam a discriminação entre as duas linhagens em solo, abrindo perspectivas para entender pela primeira vez a base molecular das alterações das plantas em condições próximas à realidade de campo. O transcriptoma de raízes possibilitou a identificação possíveis candidatos a tolerância ao Al. Adicionalmente, com um experimento de hidroponia separamos as variáveis pH e presença de Al, ambas condições diferenciais do tratamento com solo. Identificamos, entre os candidatos, genes responsivos pela presença do Al e não pela acidez delimitando assim os genes com possíveis papéis na tolerância ao Al presente no solo ácido a apenas três: retinol desidrogenase, um fator de transcrição WRKY e uma proteína desconhecida. Esses resultados permitem concluir que o cultivo em solo é diferencial em relação à hidroponia, e outros fatores que apenas presentes no substrato solo podem provocar a indução de alguns genes. Diversas vias metabólicas são afetadas na linhagem sensível pelo tratamento em solo ácido e podem estar envolvidas na inibição radicular como a produção de lignina, celulose e calose e a síntese de etileno e auxina. O mapeamento nos cromossomos dos genes identificados pelo experimento de microarray das raízes de milho permitiu a identificação de genes localizados dentro de QTLs de milho previamente descritos na literatura como responsáveis pelo fenótipo tolerante. Diante esse resultado, podemos especular o papel de genes como uma proteína ligadora de RNA, uma inibidora de proteases e ciclinas na tolerância ao Al contido no solo ácido. Pela primeira vez na literatura, o transcriptoma de folhas coletadas após três dias de cultivo em solo ácido ou solo corrigido foi obtido com o uso de microarrays da Affymetrix. Essa análise indicou profundas alterações na Cat100-6, em contraposição à ausência de alteração significativa nas folhas na S1587-17. Genes referentes à fotossíntese e a fotorrespiração foram regulados negativamente pelo tratamento em solo ácido no genótipo tolerante. Contudo, o ciclo do ácido cítrico está ativado indicando uma putativa participação da produção de ácidos orgânicos nas folhas na resposta ao Al
Abstract: The presence of aluminum (Al) is the main factor limiting crops yield in Brazil and worldwide. The plant responses developed against this ion are complex and the identification of responsive genes after exposure to the ion with the use of a large scale technique, such as microarrays, can facilitate its comprehension. This project aimed to amplify the knowledge about physiology and gene expression regulation of roots and leaves associated towards Al resistance using contrasting maize genotypes (Cat100-6 (Al-tolerant) and S1587-17 (Al-sensitive) cultivated in acid soil containing phytotoxic concentrations of Al. Maize lines Cat100-6 and S1587-17 were cultivated for one or three days in acid soil (pH 4,1) or limed soil with Ca(OH)2 (pH 5,5). The genotype S1587-17 presented a higher root growth inhibition, which is highly correlated with Al accumulation in the root apexes and callose deposition. The physiological data confirms the discrimination of the two maize lines cultivated in soil, opening perspective to understand for the first time the molecular bases of alterations in plants on a closer condition to the field. Transcriptome from roots made possible the identification of possible tolerance candidates and genes constitutively expressed genes in the tolerant line. Additionally, throw a hydroponic experiment we splited the variables pH and Al presence, both differential conditions between soil treatments. It was possible to identify, among the candidates, genes responsive in the presence of Al in acid soil rather than acidity limiting genes with a possible roles in Al present in the acid soil tolerance to only three: retinol dehydrogenase, the transcription factor WRKY and an unknown protein. These results allow the conclusion that the soil culture is different in relation to hydropony, and other factors present only in soil substrate could provoke the induction of some genes. Several metabolic pathways were affected in the sensitive line after acid soil growth and could be involved on root growth inhibition such as lignin, cellulose and callose production and ethylene and auxin synthesis. The mapping of the identified genes through the microarray experiments into the chromosomes allowed the identification of genes localized into maize QTLs previously reported in the literature as responsible for the tolerant phenotype. Facing these results, we can speculate the role of these genes such as a RNA binding protein, a protease inhibitor, and cyclines in the Al present in the acid soil tolerance. For the first time in literature, the transcriptome of leaves collected after three days in culture with acid soil or limed soil with the Affymetrix microarrays. This analysis indicated great alterations in Cat100-6, meanwhile S1587-17 showed no significative alteration. Genes related to photosynthesis and photorespiration were down-regulated due acid soil treatment in the tolerant genotype. However, citric acid cycle was activated indicating the putative partitipation of organic acids produced in the leaves in thr Al response
Doutorado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
20
Baldacin, Maria Graziela Zagatto Krug. "Caracterização do gene Zmlim-1 de milho e seu papel na tolerância ao alumínio." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317047.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Marcelo Menossi TeixeiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T17:06:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baldacin_MariaGrazielaZagattoKrug_D.pdf: 4445527 bytes, checksum: 9730d155ac6ebf7d24d427feb43a2acb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A toxidez por alumínio (Al3+) é o principal fator limitante da produção agrícola em grandes áreas do Brasil e do mundo. Sabe-se que a defesa das plantas a este elemento é controlada por múltiplos genes. A caracterização de genes cuja expressão é induzida pelo Al contribui para compreender as defesas ativadas pelas plantas. Neste trabalho identificou-se um cDNA de milho expresso em raízes através da técnica de mRNA differential display. Este cDNA codifica uma seqüência que contem dois domínios LIM, separados por um espaçador de 40-50 resíduos, sendo denominado Zmlim-1. O objetivo deste trabalho é a caracterização deste gene e o seu papel na tolerância ao Al em milho. Em estudos de expressão verificou-se que o gene Zmlim- 1 é induzido por Al e sua expressão é maior na linhagem tolerante, Cat100-6, quando comparado com a linhagem sensível S1587-17. O direcionamento da proteína ZMLIM-1 foi observado em epitélios de cebola bombardeados com a construção fusionada à proteína GFP (green fluorescent protein). A expressão transiente revelou que esta proteína está localizada no citoplasma e no núcleo. A hibridização in situ demonstrou que Zmlim-1 é expresso na maioria das células do ápice de raiz de milho. O sistema de duplo híbrido de levedura permitiu identificar três proteínas que interagem com a proteína ZMLIM-1: duas proteínas da subunidade ribossomal e uma proteína da família OMT envolvida na biossíntese de lignina. Plantas transgênicas silenciando este gene forneceram evidências de que o gene Zmlim-1 pode influenciar a anatomia da raiz e a quantidade de lignina. Este é o primeiro relato de interação OMT com proteínas de domínio LIM, sugerindo um envolvimento desta proteína com a biossíntese de lignina. Plantas transgênicas submetidas ao estresse por Al3+ não apresentaram diferenças com relação às plantas controle não transformadas
Abstract: Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the main factor limiting agricultural production in large areas in Brazil and in the world. It is known that plant defenses against this element are controlled by multiple genes. The characterization of genes whose expression is induced by Al contributes to the understanding of the defenses activated by plants. In this work we identified a cDNA expressed in maize roots using mRNA differential display. This cDNA encodes a sequence that contains two LIM domains separated by a spacer of 40-50 residues, being named Zmlim-1. The purpose of this study was the characterization of this gene and its involvement in Al tolerance in maize. In expression studies it was found that the Zmlim-1 gene was induced by Al and its expression was higher in the tolerant line, Cat100-6 when compared with the sensitive line S1587-17. The subcellular localization of the protein ZMLIM-1 was observed in onion epithelial cells bombarded with a ZMLIM-1::GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion. The assay of transient expression revealed that this protein is localized in cytoplasm and nucleus. In situ hybridization showed that Zmlim-1 is expressed in most cells of the root apex of maize. The yeast two hybrid system identified three proteins that interact with ZMLIM-1 protein: tworibosomal subunit proteins and a protein from the OMT family involved in lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic plants silenced for this gene have provided evidence that Zmlim-1 gene can influence the anatomy of the root and the amount of lignin in the plants. This is the first report of OMT interaction with LIM domain proteins, suggesting an involvement of this protein with lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic plants subjected to Al3+ stress did not show differences when compared to control, untransformed plants
Doutorado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
21
Kopeloff, Leonardo. "Modern control theory application in mill main drive design." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50037.
Full textAbstract:
Modern Control Theory is applied to analyze an existing aluminum mill drive, which was originally designed by Classical Methods.
The system is studied with Optimal Control and z-transform zero-pole locus tools.
The results and also the original design are compared with the performance of simulation. The models are built with the transition matrix and iterative procedures.
Conclusions about the appropriated design methods and improvements to the control scheme result from the investigation.Master of Science
incomplete_metadata
22
Terrill, Thomas Howard. "Effects of soil moisture and al-nitrilotriacetate on yeild chemical composition and digestibility of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, L.) by meadow voles." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53088.
Full textAbstract:
Flooding effects mineral composition of pasture grasses, but little is known concerning effects on mineral metabolism and fiber digestibility in animals. Experiments were conducted to investigate effects of flooding and Al-nitrilo-triacetate (Al-NTA) on growth, chemical composition and digestibility of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, L.). Ryegrass was grown in a greenhouse experiment on Bucks silt loam soil with two soil moisture levels (flooding and 80% field capacity) and two Al rates (0 and 135 mg/kg) as Al-NTA.
Flooding increased Al, Fe, Cu, Ca and fiber and decreased dry matter yield, Mg, K and Zn concentrations. Treatment with 135 mg/kg Al had no effect on Al in plants, but decreased Ca and P concentrations.
Two digestion trials were conducted with meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) fed forage harvested from the greenhouse experiment. Voles were housed in stainless steel metabolism cages for total collections of feed and feces. A 2-day preliminary, during which voles were fed 100% ryegrass, preceded a 3-day collection period. At the end of the collection period, a blood sample was taken from the animals.
Forage grown under flooding increased apparent absorption of Al, and Ca concentration in urine samples. Apparent absorption of Mg and serum Mg were decreased, and dry matter digestibility tended to decrease.
Grazing forages produced under flooded conditions would increase potential for outbreaks of grass tetany in animals due to reduced Mg intake and absorption. Altered Mg and Ca metabolism appeared related to Al ingestion. Lowered animal performance could result from reduced DM digestibility.Master of Science
23
Babicz, Sylvain. "Etude diélectrique des isolants plats anodisés pour la conception de machines électriques." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0204/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’augmentation de la classe de température des machines électriques tournantes atteint son maximum avec des vernis organiques spéciaux pouvant supporter jusqu’à 280 °C. La rupture technologique se trouve alors dans la substitution d’un vernis organique par une matière inorganique. La famille des céramiques répond aux critères. Ces céramiques sont de bons diélectriques et résistent à de fortes températures. Dans ces travaux, le conducteur étudié se présente sous la forme d’un ruban et se compose d’une âme conductrice en aluminium, dont la couche isolante a été obtenue par le processus électrochimique d’anodisation. Ce processus permet de faire croître sur l’aluminium une couche d’alumine de quelques micromètres. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est de caractériser ce type de conducteur pour démontrer la possibilité ou non de l’utiliser comme conducteur pour la réalisation de bobinages pour des machines dites « hautes températures », pouvant fonctionner jusqu’à des températures ambiantes de 400 °C. Des mesures de TADP, TEDP, tensions de claquage sont effectuées sous des conditions environnementales variables (hautes températures, températures négatives, humidité variable). Les actionneurs réalisés avec ce type de conducteur seront alimentés par un convertisseur provoquant des fronts raides et des surtensions. Un modèle théorique de bobine est donc proposé, basé sur l’étude du spectre d’impédance de celle-ci, et permettant de prédire l’amplitude du premier dépassement suite à un front raide. L’amélioration de l’isolation des bobines se fait par une imprégnation à l’oxyde de bore, après confection des bobines, renforçant la couche d’alumine sur les bords du rubanThe use of state of the art organic enamels, capable to withstand 280 °C, makes the temperature class increase of electrical machine reaching its maximum. A technological breakthrough can be found by the substitution of organic enamel by a ceramic based insulation. Those materials are good dielectrics and their temperature resistance is very high compared to a classical technology. In this work, the studied conductor is an aluminum tape which insulation is obtained by an anodisation, an electrochemical process. This surface treatment makes the aluminum oxidizing: a thin layer of a few micrometres is obtained, thus representing the insulation layer of the conductor. The objectives of those PhD works is to identify and characterize this particular type of conductor so as to demonstrate the ability of using an anodized aluminum tape to makeelectrical machine running up to 400 °C. Measurements of PDIV, PDEV, and breakdown voltage are carried under various environmental conditions (temperatures varying from -70 °C up to 650 °C, variable humidity level). The use of an inverter to supply this high temperature machine induces steep fronts and over voltages. As a consequence, a theoretical model of a coil, made with this kind of conductor, is then proposed and based upon the impedance spectrum of the coil. The aim of this model is to help the designer to predict the first over voltage amplitude and to make the insulation of the first coil according to that. At least, a coil insulation improvement is depicted, using boron oxide: an impregnation is held to reinforce the alumina layer on the edge of the tape
24
Bleby, Timothy Michael. "Water use, ecophysiology and hydraulic architecture of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) growing on mine rehabilitation sites in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0004.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract. Please see the pdf format for the complete text. Also, formulae and special characters can only be approximated here. Please see the pdf version for an accurate reproduction.] This thesis examines the water use, ecophysiology and hydraulic architecture of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) growing on bauxite mine rehabilitation sites in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia. The principal objective was to characterise the key environment and plant-based influences on tree water use, and to better understand the dynamics of water use over a range of spatial and temporal scales in this drought-prone ecosystem. A novel sap flow measurement system (based on the use of the heat pulse method) was developed so that a large number of trees could be monitored concurrently in the field. A validation experiment using potted jarrah saplings showed that rates of sap flow (transpiration) obtained using this system agreed with those obtained gravimetrically. Notably, diurnal patterns of transpiration were measured accurately and with precision using the newly developed heat ratio method. Field studies showed that water stress and water use by jarrah saplings on rehabilitation sites were strongly seasonal: being greatest in summer when it was warm and dry, and least in winter when it was cool and wet. At different times, water use was influenced by soil water availability, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and plant hydraulic conductance. In some areas, there was evidence of a rapid decline in transpiration in response to dry soil conditions. At the end of summer, most saplings on rehabilitation sites were not water stressed, whereas water status in the forest was poor for small saplings but improved with increasing size. It has been recognised that mature jarrah trees avoid drought by having deep root systems, however, it appears that saplings on rehabilitation sites may have not yet developed functional deep roots, and as such, they may be heavily reliant on moisture stored in surface soil horizons. Simple predictive models of tree water use revealed that stand water use was 74 % of annual rainfall at a high density (leaf area index, LAI = 3.1), high rainfall (1200 mm yr-1) site, and 12 % of rainfall at a low density (LAI = 0.4), low rainfall (600 mm yr-1) site, and that water use increased with stand growth. A controlled field experiment confirmed that: (1) sapling transpiration was restricted as root-zone water availability declined, irrespective of VPD; (2) transpiration was correlated with VPD when water was abundant; and (3) transpiration was limited by soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance when water was abundant and VPD was high (> 2 kPa). Specifically, transpiration was regulated by stomatal conductance. Large stomatal apertures could sustain high transpiration rates, but stomata were sensitive to hydraulic perturbations caused by soil water deficits and/or high evaporative demand. No other physiological mechanisms conferred immediate resistance to drought. Empirical observations were agreeably linked with a current theory suggesting that stomata regulate transpiration and plant water potential in order to prevent hydraulic dysfunction following a reduction in soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance. Moreover, it was clear that plant hydraulic capacity determined the pattern and extent of stomatal regulation. Differences in hydraulic capacity across a gradient in water availability were a reflection of differences in root-to-leaf hydraulic conductance, and were possibly related to differences in xylem structure. Saplings on rehabilitation sites had greater hydraulic conductance (by 50 %) and greater leaf-specific rates of transpiration at the high rainfall site (1.5 kg m-2 day1) than at the low rainfall site (0.8 kg m-2 day1) under near optimal conditions. Also, rehabilitation-grown saplings had significantly greater leaf area, leaf area to sapwood area ratios and hydraulic conductance (by 30-50 %) compared to forest-grown saplings, a strong indication that soils in rehabilitation sites contained more water than soils in the forest. Results suggested that: (1) the hydraulic structure and function of saplings growing under the same climatic conditions was determined by soil water availability; (2) drought reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration by reducing whole-tree hydraulic conductance; and (3) saplings growing on open rehabilitation sites utilised more abundant water, light and nutrients than saplings growing in the forest understorey. These findings support a paradigm that trees evolve hydraulic equipment and physiological characteristics suited to the most efficient use of water from a particular spatial and temporal niche in the soil environment.
25
Freitas, Lucas Barbosa de [UNESP]. "Silício na tolerância ao alumínio por plantas de arroz." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86419.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
freitas_lb_me_botfca.pdf: 659368 bytes, checksum: fb829f0c4edf80adf602dcf93615aec7 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O arroz de terras altas tem características de rusticidade, tendo certa tolerância à acidez do solo e toxidez por alumínio, ferro, manganês e acumula altos níveis de silício. O silício absorvido proporciona às plantas melhorias, entre elas ameniza a toxidez por alumínio. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação do silício na tolerância de plantas de arroz a alumínio. Foram instalados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, o primeiro foi conduzido em solução nutritiva, e o segundo em vasos com solo, ambos utilizaram delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos de ambos experimentos foram constituídos por dois cultivares de arroz de terras altas (BRS Talento - não tolerante e Guarani - tolerante ao Al tóxico), e cinco doses de Si (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 mg dm-3). No experimento I as plantas ficaram quatorze dias na solução nutritiva com Si e em seguida, trocou-se a solução retirando o Si e adicionando 40 mg dm-3 de Al3+, e no experimento II, utilizou-se solo naturalmente alumínico. Para o experimento I em solução nutritiva, foram avaliados: comprimento, área de superfície, volume e diâmetro médio radicular, altura de planta, número de perfilhos por planta, produção de matéria seca e teores de nutrientes do sistema radicular e da parte aérea e quantidade acumulada de nutrientes na raiz, parte aérea e absorvida por metro de raiz. No experimento II em vasos com solo, foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: altura da planta, número de perfilhos por planta, produção de matéria seca, teores e acúmulo de nutrientes da parte aérea, número de colmos por metro quadrado, porcentagem de colmos férteis, número de panículas, número total de espiguetas por panícula, número de espiguetas granadas e chochas por panícula, fertilidade das espiguetas, massa...
The upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) has characteristics of rusticity, having some tolerance to soil acidity and toxic aluminum, iron, manganese and accumulate high levels of silicon. The silicon absorbed provides the plant improvements, including alleviates toxic aluminum. Given the above, the objective was to evaluate the interaction of silicon on tolerance of rice plants to aluminum. Two experiments were established in the greenhouse, the first was conducted in nutrient solution, and the second in pots with soil, both used in a completely randomized design in factorial 2 x 5 with four replications. The treatments of both experiments consisted of two cultivars of upland rice (BRS Talento - not tolerant and Guarani - tolerant to Al toxicity), and added five doses Si (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg dm-3). In experiment I, plants were fourteen days in nutrient solution with Si and then changed the solution by removing the Si and adding 40 mg dm-3 Al3+, and in experiment II we used soil naturally aluminate. For the first experiment in nutrient solution were evaluated: length, surface area, volume and average root diameter, plant height, number of tillers-perplant, dry matter production, nutrient content of root and shoot and total quantity of nutrient in root, shoot and absorbed per meter of root. In experiment II in pots with soil, the following evaluations were made: plant height, number of tillers per plant, dry matter production, nutrient content of shoots, number of stems per square meter, percentage of fertile stalks, number of panicles, total number of spikelets per panicle, number of spikelets per panicle were empty and grenades, spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and pH, organic matter... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
26
Silva, Laerte Marques da [UNESP]. "Crescimento radicular e absorção de nutrientes de cultivares de arroz submetidos ao alumínio em solução nutritiva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99918.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2007-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
silva_lm_dr_botfca.pdf: 3173012 bytes, checksum: ede8b8bb0ccc4da55115791faa6c9c9d (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A cultura do arroz no Brasil apresenta baixa produtividade de grãos tendo entre as várias causas, o cultivo em solos de baixas fertilidades com altos níveis de alumínio tóxico na solução e o baixo uso de insumos agrícolas, sendo incipiente os estudos sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular de cultivares de arroz associados aos grupos comerciais moderno, intermediário e tradicional. Em função do exposto, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar as respostas de cultivares de arroz, quanto ao crescimento radicular, desenvolvimento da parte aérea e a nutrição das plantas sob diferentes níveis de alumínio em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi conduzido em solução nutritiva em condições de casa-devegetação, no Departamento de Produção Vegetal da FCA/UNESP, Câmpus de Botucatu, no ano de 2005. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, seguindo um modelo fatorial 3x4, com três cultivares de arroz (BRS Talento, Caiapó e Primavera) e quatro níveis de alumínio na solução nutritiva (0,0; 10,0; 20,0 e 40, 0 mg L-1). Pelos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que, a cultivar Primavera é mais tolerante á toxidez de Al3+, enquanto BRS Talento e Caiapó são mais sensíveis à toxicidade de Al3+, o sistema radicular, a massa seca das raízes, da parte aérea e total são bons indicadores de tolerância ao Al3+, níveis tóxicos de Al3+, interferem no transporte de P, K, Ca, Mg e Mn para a parte aérea, o P, Mg e Mn são os nutrientes menos acumulados pelo arroz sob estresse de Al3+, a eficiência de absorção do sistema radicular fica comprometida pelo estresse de Al3+, principalmente para o P e Mg.
The rice field in Brasil show low yields having many factors affecting as planting in soil with low fertility with high levels of toxic aluminum and low use of tecnology and fertilizer, being incipient the studies about the development of radicular system of rice cultivars to the modern, intermediate and tradicional groups. This work objected to study rice cultivars response for root growth, vegetative parts development and nutrition of plants submitted to different levels of aluminum in nutritive solution.The experimente was conduct in nutritive solution inside the greenhouse at the Departament of Vegetal Production on FCA/UNESP , Botucatu Campus, in 2005.The experimental design used was completelly randomized with four replications, 3x4 factorial design, with three rice cultivars(BRS Talento, Caiapó and Primaera) and four aluminum levels on nutritive solution (0,0, 10,0, 20,0 e 40,0 mg L-1. Results showed that the cultivar Primavera is more tolerant to Al+3 toxicity, while BRS Talendo and Caiapó are more sensitive. Root system development, root dry matter and vegetative part development are good indicators of Al+3 tolerance. High levels of aluminum interfere P, K, Ca, Mg e Mn transportation to vegetative parts, and P, Mg e Mn are the less acumulative nutrients for rice under Al+3 stress. Absorption of P and Mg by the root system is damage under Al+3 stress.
27
Silva, Marcela Paula. "O meio de cultura sólido diminui a exsudação de ácidos orgânicos em raízes de plantas expostas ao alumínio em relação à solução nutritiva? /." Rio Claro, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183355.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Gustavo HabermannResumo: O alumínio (Al) é um dos componentes mais abundantes da crosta terrestre e é tóxico à maioria das plantas, sendo o seu primeiro sintoma de toxicidade a redução no crescimento radicular. Algumas plantas desenvolveram mecanismos para tolerar a presença do Al por meio da formação de complexos de ácidos orgânicos (AOs) com Al, internamente (no simplasto da folha ou das raízes) ou fora da raiz (apoplasto da raiz ou rizosfera). Neste trabalho, plantas de Titricum aestivum L. (Poaceae) (trigo) de cultivar sensível ao Al (ANAHUC75) e tolerante ao Al (JAC5) foram cultivados em diferentes concentrações de Al, variando o estado físico do meio, sendo estes sólido e líquido. Foram encontrados o ácido oxálico e succínico exsudados pelas raízes e acumulados no meio de cultura. Estes foram qualificados e quantificados por Cromatografia Gasosa por Espectrofotometria de Massas (GC-MS) e analisados por métodos estatísticos (ANOVA, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e PCA). Assim, foi possível verificar que o estado físico do meio de cultura gera diferenças significativas nas concentrações de exsudados pela raiz quando cultivadas nas mesmas concentrações de Al, visto que para o ácido succínico em ambas as cultivares e em todos os tratamentos e o ácido oxálico na cultivar tolerante apresentaram disparidade em relação aos teores exsudados.
Abstract: Aluminum (Al) is one of the most abundant elements of the Earth's crust and it is toxic to most plants, being the reduction of root growth its first toxicity symptom. Some plants have developed mechanisms to tolerate Al through the formation of organic acid complexes (AOs) with Al. This occurs internally (in the root or leaf symplast) or outside the root environment (root apoplast or even in the rhizosphere). Here, Titricum aestivum L. (Poaceae) (wheat) plants of an Al-sensitive cultivar (ANAHUC75) and an Al-tolerant cultivar (JAC5) were cultivated at different concentrations of Al, varying the physical state of the medium, being solid and liquid. Oxalic and succinic acid were exuded by the roots and accumulated in the culture medium. These were qualified and quantified by Mass Spectrophotometric Gas Chromatography (GC-MS) and analyzed by statistical methods (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and PCA). Thus, it was possible to verify that the physical state of the culture medium generates significant differences in the concentrations of root exudates when cultivated at the same Al concentrations, since for succinic acid in both cultivars and in all treatments and oxalic acid in tolerant cultivar presented disparity in relation to the exudate contents.
Mestre
28
Freitas, Lucas Barbosa de 1984. "Silício na tolerância ao alumínio por plantas de arroz /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86419.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Dirceu Maximino FernandesBanca: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Banca: Orvaldo Arf
Resumo: O arroz de terras altas tem características de rusticidade, tendo certa tolerância à acidez do solo e toxidez por alumínio, ferro, manganês e acumula altos níveis de silício. O silício absorvido proporciona às plantas melhorias, entre elas ameniza a toxidez por alumínio. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação do silício na tolerância de plantas de arroz a alumínio. Foram instalados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, o primeiro foi conduzido em solução nutritiva, e o segundo em vasos com solo, ambos utilizaram delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos de ambos experimentos foram constituídos por dois cultivares de arroz de terras altas (BRS Talento - não tolerante e Guarani - tolerante ao Al tóxico), e cinco doses de Si (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 mg dm-3). No experimento I as plantas ficaram quatorze dias na solução nutritiva com Si e em seguida, trocou-se a solução retirando o Si e adicionando 40 mg dm-3 de Al3+, e no experimento II, utilizou-se solo naturalmente alumínico. Para o experimento I em solução nutritiva, foram avaliados: comprimento, área de superfície, volume e diâmetro médio radicular, altura de planta, número de perfilhos por planta, produção de matéria seca e teores de nutrientes do sistema radicular e da parte aérea e quantidade acumulada de nutrientes na raiz, parte aérea e absorvida por metro de raiz. No experimento II em vasos com solo, foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: altura da planta, número de perfilhos por planta, produção de matéria seca, teores e acúmulo de nutrientes da parte aérea, número de colmos por metro quadrado, porcentagem de colmos férteis, número de panículas, número total de espiguetas por panícula, número de espiguetas granadas e chochas por panícula, fertilidade das espiguetas, massa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) has characteristics of rusticity, having some tolerance to soil acidity and toxic aluminum, iron, manganese and accumulate high levels of silicon. The silicon absorbed provides the plant improvements, including alleviates toxic aluminum. Given the above, the objective was to evaluate the interaction of silicon on tolerance of rice plants to aluminum. Two experiments were established in the greenhouse, the first was conducted in nutrient solution, and the second in pots with soil, both used in a completely randomized design in factorial 2 x 5 with four replications. The treatments of both experiments consisted of two cultivars of upland rice (BRS Talento - not tolerant and Guarani - tolerant to Al toxicity), and added five doses Si (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg dm-3). In experiment I, plants were fourteen days in nutrient solution with Si and then changed the solution by removing the Si and adding 40 mg dm-3 Al3+, and in experiment II we used soil naturally aluminate. For the first experiment in nutrient solution were evaluated: length, surface area, volume and average root diameter, plant height, number of tillers-perplant, dry matter production, nutrient content of root and shoot and total quantity of nutrient in root, shoot and absorbed per meter of root. In experiment II in pots with soil, the following evaluations were made: plant height, number of tillers per plant, dry matter production, nutrient content of shoots, number of stems per square meter, percentage of fertile stalks, number of panicles, total number of spikelets per panicle, number of spikelets per panicle were empty and grenades, spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and pH, organic matter... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
29
Silva, Laerte Marques da 1972. "Crescimento radicular e absorção de nutrientes de cultivares de arroz submetidos ao alumínio em solução nutritiva /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99918.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: A cultura do arroz no Brasil apresenta baixa produtividade de grãos tendo entre as várias causas, o cultivo em solos de baixas fertilidades com altos níveis de alumínio tóxico na solução e o baixo uso de insumos agrícolas, sendo incipiente os estudos sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular de cultivares de arroz associados aos grupos comerciais moderno, intermediário e tradicional. Em função do exposto, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar as respostas de cultivares de arroz, quanto ao crescimento radicular, desenvolvimento da parte aérea e a nutrição das plantas sob diferentes níveis de alumínio em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi conduzido em solução nutritiva em condições de casa-devegetação, no Departamento de Produção Vegetal da FCA/UNESP, Câmpus de Botucatu, no ano de 2005. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, seguindo um modelo fatorial 3x4, com três cultivares de arroz (BRS Talento, Caiapó e Primavera) e quatro níveis de alumínio na solução nutritiva (0,0; 10,0; 20,0 e 40, 0 mg L-1). Pelos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que, a cultivar Primavera é mais tolerante á toxidez de Al3+, enquanto BRS Talento e Caiapó são mais sensíveis à toxicidade de Al3+, o sistema radicular, a massa seca das raízes, da parte aérea e total são bons indicadores de tolerância ao Al3+, níveis tóxicos de Al3+, interferem no transporte de P, K, Ca, Mg e Mn para a parte aérea, o P, Mg e Mn são os nutrientes menos acumulados pelo arroz sob estresse de Al3+, a eficiência de absorção do sistema radicular fica comprometida pelo estresse de Al3+, principalmente para o P e Mg.Abstract: The rice field in Brasil show low yields having many factors affecting as planting in soil with low fertility with high levels of toxic aluminum and low use of tecnology and fertilizer, being incipient the studies about the development of radicular system of rice cultivars to the modern, intermediate and tradicional groups. This work objected to study rice cultivars response for root growth, vegetative parts development and nutrition of plants submitted to different levels of aluminum in nutritive solution.The experimente was conduct in nutritive solution inside the greenhouse at the Departament of Vegetal Production on FCA/UNESP , Botucatu Campus, in 2005.The experimental design used was completelly randomized with four replications, 3x4 factorial design, with three rice cultivars(BRS Talento, Caiapó and Primaera) and four aluminum levels on nutritive solution (0,0, 10,0, 20,0 e 40,0 mg L-1. Results showed that the cultivar Primavera is more tolerant to Al+3 toxicity, while BRS Talendo and Caiapó are more sensitive. Root system development, root dry matter and vegetative part development are good indicators of Al+3 tolerance. High levels of aluminum interfere P, K, Ca, Mg e Mn transportation to vegetative parts, and P, Mg e Mn are the less acumulative nutrients for rice under Al+3 stress. Absorption of P and Mg by the root system is damage under Al+3 stress.
Orientador: Leandro Borges Lemos
Coorientador: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Banca: Maurício Dutra Zanotto
Banca: José Salvador Simoneti Foloni
Banca: José Carlos Feltran
Banca: Sandro Roberto Brancalião
Doutor
30
Grossman, Mark Philip 1967. "Strategy and operational improvement in an aluminum rolling plant." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35412.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1994, and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100).
by Mark Grossman.
M.S.
31
Flis, Paulna. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour une spéciation à grande échelle des composés métalliques dans les plantes." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3023/document.
Full textAbstract:
De nombreux métaux tels que, par exemple le Zn, le Fe, le Cu ou le Ni jouent un rôle essentiel dans la croissance et le développement normal des plantes car ils sont impliqués dans différents processus physiologiques pouvant être cependant perturbés par une carence ou un excès en métaux. Par conséquent, afin de réguler l'absorption des métaux, leur translocation et leur accumulation, les plantes ont développé des mécanismes divers, comme la production de métabolites de faible poids moléculaire pouvant se lier aux métaux. La connaissance de ces complexes métalliques et des processus qu'ils subissent dans les plantes peut être utilisée dans des études environnementales, nutritionnelles et toxicologiques. Cependant, cette connaissance était très limitée à cause de l'absence de méthodologie appliquée avec succès pour étudier la spéciation des traces de métaux dans les végétaux. Par conséquent, le but de cette étude fut le développement d'une méthodologie d'analyse des espèces métalliques dans des échantillons de plantes. La nouvelle approche est basée sur l'utilisation conjointe du (i) couplage HPLC – ICP MS permettant la détection de nombreuses espèces, souvent peu concentrées, contenant des métaux avec (ii) une identification en parallèle par couplage HPLC – electrospray Orbitrap MS/MS. Elle a permis l'identification (i) d’environ 60 espèces métalliques, la plupart jamais observées précédemment dans différents fluides (xylème, endosperme liquide) de Pisum sativum (petit pois) et (ii) de plusieurs complexes mixtes fer - aluminium - citrate chez Plantago almogravensis. La méthodologie développée a également été appliquée à (iii) la spéciation du sélénium dans Brassica nigra permettant l'identification de plus de 30 composés de faible poids moléculaire contenant du séléniumNumerous metals, such as, e.g. Zn, Fe, Cu or Ni play an essential role in normal plant growth and development as they are involved in different physiological processes that may be, however, disrupted by metal deficiency or excess. Therefore, to regulate metal uptake, translocation and accumulation plants have developed diverse mechanisms including the production of low molecular mass metal binding metabolites. The knowledge of these forms of metals and the processes they undergo in plants can be used in environmental, nutrition and toxicological studies. However, this knowledge was very limited as there was a lack of methodology that could be successfully applied to investigate trace metal speciation in plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was the development of the methodology for the analysis of metal species in complex plant samples. The novel approach is based on the use of combination of (i) HPLC – ICP MS coupling allowing the detection of numerous, often low concentrated, metal-containing species with (ii) a parallel identification using HPLC – electrospray Orbitrap MS/MS coupling. The developed approach allowed the identification of (i) ca. 60 different, mainly previously unreported metal species in saps of Pisum Sativum (green pea) and (ii) several mixed iron – aluminum – citrate complexes in Plantago almogravensis. This developed methodology was also applied to (iii) investigate selenium speciation in Brassica nigra allowing the identification of more than 30 selenium-containing low molecular mass compounds
32
García, Pérez Alejandro. "Instalación de una planta moderna de anodizado para perfiles de aluminio." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/550.
Full textAbstract:
La apertura de los mercados en el país trajo como consecuencia una caída de precios de los productos de aluminio. Es así que la empresa tienen que optimizar sus procesos, reducir costos en todos los ámbitos, para ser competitivo y tener capacidad de satisfacer las necesidades de los mercados internos y externos.
Además tendríamos que sumar las regulaciones legales recientes sobre insumos químicos, productos fiscalizados y residuos sólidos que generan toda actividad industrial, los cuales están clasificados en peligrosos y no peligrosos. Siendo los peligrosos los que más restricciones presentan para su disposición final con un alto costo.
El presente trabajo “INSTALACIÓN DE UNA PLANTA MODERNA DE ANODIZADO PARA PERFILES DE ALUMINIO”. Contempla todas las inquietudes para ser una planta moderna con tecnología de punta y eficiente.
En los primeros capítulos se describe el aluminio, su obtención los países en el mundo que lo producen, las características del Aluminio, usos, los tratamientos tanto de conformación, homogenización, envejecido y protección como es el anodizado además vemos las diferentes aleaciones que se obtienen según el uso que se le quiera dar entre los que están las aleaciones usadas en la producción de perfiles.
Seguidamente se evalúa el potencial del mercado peruano en el consumo de perfiles y la forma como es cubierta. Por producción nacional e importación aquí se presenta una gráfica donde se puede apreciar de donde vienen los perfiles importados. Claro esta que tomamos como fuente la aduana marítima del callao.
Para determinar la demanda del los perfiles anodizados se realiza un análisis de los datos de los últimos 13 años tanto importación y producción nacional.
Dentro de los perfiles anodizados consideramos los perfiles coloreados de preferencia color negro
Una explicación de sobre lo que es el anodizado y estudios sobre los factores que afectan el mismo, Seguido de una formula practica para determinar el espesor de la capa anódica nos da una mayor respaldo teórico.
Además un amplio despliegue en la tecnología de anodizado nos proporciona herramientas suficientes en la toma de decisiones para la selección de los equipos sobre anodizado, agitación, refrigeración, control de corriente y electro coloreado, calefacción, sistemas de control de soluciones los métodos se análisis de cada baño, las especificaciones de los insumos para el proceso.
Con estas bases se determina las dimensiones de la planta para una capacidad de producción de: 1 465 333.24 m2 ó 2 930.66 TM anuales.
Continuando con el proyecto se desarrolla la parte de ingeniería que abarca la planta de anodizado y la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Logrando así que la planta sea integral y cumpla con las normativas vigentes.
En la estimación del consumo de energía se utiliza la potencia de los equipos, y en la estimación de agua, insumos químicos, combustible, se ha trabajado con índices de consumo en Kg/TM de perfiles anodizados.
La parte de ingeniería económica nos muestra la rentabilidad del proyecto. Para la inversión total de $ 3 558 867,00.
A un precio de 2,00 $/m2 tenemos una utilidad de neta de 16.44%, mientras que la rentabilidad del capital aportado por la empresa es de 34.24%
En la parte final podemos encontrar la parte de las conclusiones, recomendaciones y seguridad ambiental y ocupacional.Tesis
33
Banhos, Otávia Faria dos Anjos Abdo. "Aspectos fisiológicos e nutricionais do alumínio em duas espécies cítricas e uma de cerrado em cultivo com solução nutritiva /." Rio Claro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144219.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Gustavo HabermannBanca: Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Banca: Victor Alexandre Vitorello
Banca: José Lavres Junior
Banca: Paulo Eduardo Ribeiro Marchiori
Resumo: O alumínio (Al3+) é tóxico para a maioria das plantas e é um fator limitante para o crescimento das plantas e para a produtividade das culturas em todo o mundo. Os efeitos do Al foram estudados em plantas de laranjeira-doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) enxertadas em porta-enxerto sensível ao Al, o limoeiro (Citrus limonia cv. 'Cravo'), em uma espécie nativa do Cerrado não-acumuladora de Al (Styrax camporum) e em limoeiro 'Cravo' não enxertado. Foram estudadas doses de Al (0, 185, 370, 555 e 740 M Al) em plantas cultivadas em areia e em solução nutritiva pH 4.0 contendo 0 e 1480 M, o acúmulo de Al nos órgãos desses genótipos, as trocas gasosas, o desempenho fotoquímico da clorofila a e o potencial da água na folha. A composição qímica nominal dessa solução foi testada pelo software Geochem-EZ e resultou em mais de 85% de Al3+ livre disponível. Nas raízes, estudamos as alterações anatômicas. Todos esses parâmetros foram estudados em resposta à perturbação causada pelo Al no ambiente radicular. Para causar perturbação em laranjeiras enxertadas em limoeiro 'Cravo', a disponibilidade de Al no substrato deve ser maior que 55%. Solução nutritiva contendo até 1480 M Al causa alterações fisiológicas em limoeiro 'Cravo' após 45 dias e esta concentração de Al em solução é toxica para as plantas de Styrax camporum
Abstract: Aluminum (Al3+) is toxic to most plants and is a factor limiting plant growth and crop yields throughout the world. Aluminum effects were studied in sweet-orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) plants grafted on 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia), an Al-sensitive plant, in a non-Al-accumulating plant (Styrax camporum) from the Cerrado vegetation, and also in non-grafted 'Rangpur' lime plants. Plants under increasing Al concentrations (0, 185, 370, 555 and 740 M Al), which were cultivated in sand and plants cultivated directly in nutrient solutions containing 0 and 1480 M Al were used for studying the accumulation of Al in their organs, gas exchange, chlorophyll photochemical performance and leaf water potential. The nominal chemical composition of this solution was tested on Geochem-EZ software, and it resulted in more than 85% free Al3+ available. Anatomical alterations were also studied in roots. All these parameters were studied in response to the Al disturbance in the root environment. Aluminum availability in the substrate must be higher than 55% to cause disturbances in sweet-orange plants grafted on 'Rangpur' lime rootstocks. Nutrient solution containing up to 1480 M Al cause physiological alterations in non-grafted 'Rangpur' lime plants after 45 days, and this Al concentration is toxic to Styrax camporum plants
Doutor
34
Klug, Benjamin [Verfasser]. "Aluminium uptake, translocation and accumulation in the aluminium accumulating plant species buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) / Benjamin Klug." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008409480/34.
Full text
35
Westberg, Håkan. "Chemical exposures, biological monitoring and cancer risks in Swedish aluminium foundries and remelting plants /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/med696s.pdf.
Full text
36
Schmitt, Marco [Verfasser]. "Aluminium accumulation in tropical and temperate plants: ecological, physiological and evolutionary aspects / Marco Schmitt." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132713145/34.
Full text
37
Fung, Ka Fai. "Effects of agronomic practices on aluminium and fluoride concentrations in soil and tea plants." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/244.
Full text
38
Kopittke, Peter Martin. "Limitations to plant root growth in highly saline and alkaline bauxite residue /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20040913.094109/index.html.
Full text
39
Chen, Danying. "Revêtements multicouches à base de nitrure d'aluminium pour les récepteurs des systèmes solaires à concentration." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI079.
Full textAbstract:
Il y a un intérêt croissant pour les systèmes d'énergie solaire concentrée (CSP) qui peuvent fonctionner à des températures supérieures à 1000 °C afin d'optimiser leur efficacité. L'un des défis consiste à définir un matériau récepteur qui sera soumis à un chauffage à haute température dans l'air. Contrairement aux revêtements utilisés dans les turbines à gaz, le ou les systèmes revêtement(s)/substrat doivent avoir une conductivité thermique élevée pour assurer un transfert thermique optimal vers le fluide. Les revêtements de nitrure d'aluminium (AlN), déposés par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur à 1100-1200 °C à une vitesse de croissance de 10-50 µm·h-1, sont choisis pour leur conductivité thermique élevée, leur faible coefficient de dilatation thermique, leur stabilité thermique élevée et leur capacité à développer des couches stables d'alumine au-dessus de 1000 °C. Les alliages à base de molybdène sont choisis comme substrat pour leurs excellentes propriétés thermiques et mécaniques. Les alliages à base de fer formant des couches d'alumine sont également choisis comme substrats modèles pour étudier le potentiel de ces revêtements et réduire le nombre de paramètres lors de l'oxydation. Des tests accélérés d'oxydation cyclique et des mesures d'émissivité permettent d'évaluer les revêtements AlN comme matériaux pour les récepteurs CSP haute température. Les systèmes multicouches présentent une faible dégradation après des centaines de cycles thermiques à 800 °C dans l'air et peuvent supporter des températures plus élevées (1100 °C) pendant 100 à 500 h selon l'épaisseur du revêtement. Néanmoins, l'oxydation cyclique rapide dans les fours solaires conduit à des fissures dans les revêtements. Un modèle analytique est développé pour étudier l'évolution des contraintes dans le(s) système(s) revêtement(s)/substrat. Les résultats calculés sont en bon accord avec les données expérimentales. Les mesures des propriétés optiques révèlent une diminution de l'absorptivité après oxydation pour les revêtements AlN, mais une augmentation significative de l'absorptivité lorsque un revêtement de SiC est ajouté comme couche de finitionThere is an increasing interest for concentrated solar power (CSP) systems which can work at temperatures higher than 1000 °C to optimize efficiency. One of the challenges is to design the receiver that will be heated at high temperature in air. Compared to coatings in gas turbine engine, the coating(s)/substrate system must have a high thermal conductivity to ensure a good heat transfer to the fluid. Aluminum nitride (AlN) coating, deposited by chemical vapor deposition at 1100-1200 °C at a growth rate of 10-50 µm·h-1, is selected for its high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature stability and its ability to develop stable alumina scales above 1000 °C. Molybdenum-based alloys are selected as substrate materials for their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The alumina-forming iron-based alloys are also chosen as model substrates to reduce the influencing parameters in real-life receivers and to study the potential of these coatings. Accelerated cyclic oxidation tests and emissivity measurements allow the evaluation of AlN coatings as materials for high temperature CSP receivers. The multilayered systems exhibit low degradation after hundreds of thermal cycles at 800 °C in air and can support higher temperatures (1100 °C) for 100 to 500 h depending on the coating thickness. Nevertheless, the fast cyclic oxidation in solar furnace leads to cracks through the coatings. An analytical model is developed to study the stress evolution within the coating(s)/substrate system. Calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data. The measurements of the optical properties reveal a decrease of absorptivity after oxidation for AlN coatings, but a significant increase of absorptivity when SiC coating is added as a top layer
40
Fichtner, Elizabeth Jeanne. "Abiotic pathogen suppression physiology and biology of aluminum toxicity to soilborne fungi /." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10222003-020101/.
Full textAbstract:
An interdisciplinary approach was utilized to study the toxicity of aluminum (Al) to soilborne plant pathogens with the goal of developing a pathogen-suppressive potting medium containing non-phytotoxic, Al-organic matter complexes. Toxicological studies addressed the toxicity of monomeric Al species to Thielaviopsis basicola and Phytophthora parasitica and documented the sensitivity of these organisms to the metal. Until recently, research on Al-toxicity to fungi has only focused on the trivalent Al cation (Al3+) which is also considered the most phytotoxic Al ion. The toxicity of Al-hydrolysis species to fungi were tested by modeling in vitro test solution equilibria using GEOCHEM-PC and correlating the predicted values of Al-species activities with reduction in spore production of the two pathogens. Chlamydospore production of T. basicola was negatively correlated with Al3+ activity, whereas inhibition of sporangia production of P. parasitica was related to the activity of multiple monomeric Al species. Toxicity of Al to T. basicola was observed in solutions containing ≥ 20 micromolar Al. Sensitivity of P. parasitica to Al was observed at < 1.0 micromolar Al, suggesting that P. parasitica is more sensitive to Al than T. basicola. Using fluorescence microscopy, the localized accumulation of Al in pathogen tissues was detected using lumogallion, an Al-specific, fluorescent stain. Accumulation of Al was observed under various chemical conditions, ranging from salt solutions to more complex systems containing Al-peat complexes. An ecological approach was applied to study the dynamic interactions of soil chemical and physical properties with soil microflora for the suppression of P. parasitica in a medium amended with Al2(SO4)3 and composted swine waste (CSW). Abiotic and biological mechanisms of pathogen suppression were incorporated into the CSW-amended medium. Al-mediated suppression resulted in reduction of sporangia production in medium exhibiting K-exchangeable Al levels > 2 micromolar Al. Biological suppression also resulted in reduction of sporangia production and this suppression was maintained after Al levels dropped below the threshold necessary for abiotic suppression. The incorporation of abiotic and biological control mechanisms into a potting media may facilitate suppression of a wide range of soilborne pathogens and enhance applicability of disease-suppressive media in a disease management strategy.
41
Ahonen-Jonnarth, Ulla. "Growth, nutrient uptake and ectomycorrhizal function in Pinus sylvestris plants exposed to aluminium and heavy metals /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5864-1.pdf.
Full text
42
Boulesteix, Claire. "Synthesis, environmental degradation and repairability of slurry aluminium coatings elaborated on steels employed in power plants." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS022/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’augmentation des températures et des pressions de travail des centrales de production d’énergie représente un enjeu considérable en termes de réduction d’émission de polluants et d’augmentation d’efficacité énergétique. Pour cela, des matériaux plus performants par rapport à ceux employés actuellement doivent être utilisés afin de résister aux environnements sévères (hautes températures, 100% vapeur d’eau, pression…). Malgré les bonnes propriétés mécaniques de bon nombre d’aciers, l’application d’un revêtement protecteur capable de former une couche d’oxyde dense, protectrice et stable à haute température, est essentielle. Ainsi, dans le cadre du projet Européen FP-7 « POEMA », nous nous sommes intéressés aux mécanismes de formation de revêtements de diffusion d’aluminium sur des aciers ferrito-martensitiques et austénitiques fréquemment employés dans ce type de centrales. Des études sur la colmatation des fissures éventuellement parues durant l’aluminisation des aciers ont été également réalisées. Les mécanismes de dégradation des revêtements B2-(Fe (Ni))Al ont ensuite été étudiés sous 100% vapeur d’eau et sous air à 650 et 700°C jusqu’à 10000 heures et sous différentes pressions (1 et 300 bar). Nous avons démontré que la pré-oxydation induite lors de l’élaboration du revêtement permet de faire croître une fine couche protectrice de α-Al2O3 qui se développe au cours de l’oxydation. Cependant, les longues expositions sous fortes pressions de vapeur promeuvent la diffusion cationique de Fe, ceci donnant lieu à des petits nodules surfaciques d’oxyde. Enfin, les mécanismes de dissolution des revêtements avec un acide dilué ont été étudiés afin de montrer la possibilité de décaper puis de réaluminiser les matériaux initialement revêtusHigher energy efficiencies can be achieved by the increase of temperatures and pressures in power plant, thus allowing the reduction of the polluting emissions. Therefore, more efficient materials, compared to those currently employed, have to be used in order to resist to harsh environmental conditions (high temperatures, steam, pressure…). Despite of the good mechanical properties of many steels, the elaboration of a protective coating able to form a dense, protective and stable oxide layer at high temperature, is necessary. Thus, in the framework of the “POEMA” European project, the mechanisms of the formation of aluminium diffusion coatings were studied on ferritic-martensitic and austenitic stainless steels that are currently employed in power plants. The sealing of cracks eventually created during the aluminisation of steels was also studied. The degradation mechanisms of the B2-(Fe (Ni))Al coatings were then studied in steam and in air at 650 and 700°C up to 10000 hours and under different pressures (1 and 300 bar). We have demonstrated that the pre-oxidation induced during the elaboration of coatings grew a thin protective oxide scale composed of α-Al2O3 which developed further upon oxidation. Nevertheless, the long exposures under high steam pressures promoted the cationic diffusion of Fe, thus allowing the formation of small surface oxide nodules. Finally, the dissolution mechanisms of coatings with a diluted acid have been studied in order to demonstrate the possibility of strip and realuminise the materials initially coated
43
Miftahudin. "High resolution map of the aluminum tolerance gene (Alt3) region in rye (Secale cereale L.) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074428.
Full text
44
Rocha, Gisele de Araujo. "Síntese e caracterização de hidróxidos de alumínio com duas dimensões nanométricas (morfologia fibrilar) ou com uma dimensão nanométrica (morfologia de placas/lâminas)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-26062014-160610/.
Full textAbstract:
A síntese de nanopartículas com morfologia controlada vem sendo objeto de interesse crescente no campo da Ciência dos Materiais. Devido a essa motivação, o principal objetivo desse trabalho foi a síntese e caracterização de pseudoboemita e boemita apresentando uma ou duas dimensões nanométricas. O método de síntese utilizado para a obtenção de pseudoboemita fibrilar é baseado na reação de um alcóxido de alumínio, em solução aquosa de ácido acético. Para a preparação de boemita, um único método de síntese, a síntese hidrotérmica, foi utilizado, com o emprego de três precursores: uma pseudoboemita, um sal orgânico (o monohidróxido diacetato de alumínio) e o trihidróxido de alumínio gibsita, este último em duas formas: uma gibsita comercial e uma gibsita sintetizada que utiliza iodo como ativador. As pseudoboemitas e as boemitas obtidas foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Algumas amostras de pseudoboemita e de boemita foram caracterizadas por análise térmica diferencial e por espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho. Foram obtidas pseudoboemitas com morfologia fibrilar (partículas anisométricas alongadas); no caso das boemitas foram produzidas distintas morfologias (de acordo com o precursor e com as condições de síntese empregadas em sua obtenção): fibrilar (duas dimensões em escala nanométrica), nanoplacas (uma dimensão em escala nanométrica) e partículas com simetria cúbica (nenhuma dimensão em escala nanométrica). A presença do íon acetato na síntese hidrotérmica foi determinante na formação de boemita com morfologia de placas.The synthesis of nanoparticles with controlled morphology is of increasing interests in the field of Materials Science. Due to this motivation, the main objective was the synthesis and characterization of boehmite pseudoboehmite presenting one or two nanoscale dimensions. The method of synthesis used to obtain fibrillar pseudoboehmite is based on the reaction of an aluminum alkoxide in aqueous acetic acid. For the preparation of boehmite, a single synthesis method, the hydrothermal synthesis, was used with three different precursors: a pseudoboehmite, an organic salt (aluminum monohydroxide diacetate) and the aluminum trihydroxide gibbsite, the latter in two forms: a commercial gibbsite and a gibbsite synthesized that utilizes iodine as activator. The pseudoboehmites and boehmites obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Some samples of pseudoboehmite and boehmite were characterized by differential thermal analysis and by vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared region. Pseudoboehmites were obtained with fibrillar morphology (anisometric elongated particles); for boehmites, different morphologies were produced (according to the precursor and the synthesis conditions employed in their production): fibrillar (two dimensions in nanoscale), nanoplates (one dimension in nanoscale) and particles with cubic symmetry (no dimensions in nanoscale). The presence of acetate ion in hydrothermal synthesis was instrumental in the formation of boehmite with plate morphology.
45
Szota, Christopher. "Root morphology, photosynthesis, water relations and development of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) in response to soil constraints at restores bauxite mines in south-western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0058.
Full textAbstract:
Bauxite mining is a major activity in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) forest of south-western Australia. After mining, poor tree growth can occur in some areas. This thesis aimed to determine whether soil constraints, including reduced depth and compaction, were responsible for poor tree growth at low-quality restored bauxite mines. In particular, this study determined the response of jarrah root morphology, leaf-scale physiology and growth/development to soil constraints at two contrasting (low-quality and high-quality) restored bauxite-mine sites. Jarrah root excavations at a low-quality restored site revealed that deep-ripping equipment failed to penetrate the cemented lateritic subsoil, causing coarse roots to be restricted to the top 0.5 m of the soil profile, resulting in fewer and smaller jarrah trees. An adjacent area within the same mine pit (high-quality site) had a kaolinitic clay subsoil, which coarse roots were able to penetrate to the average ripping depth of 1.5 m. Impenetrable subsoil prevented development of taproots at the low-quality site, with trees instead producing multiple lateral and sinker roots. Trees in riplines, made by deep-ripping, at the high-quality site accessed the subsoil via a major taproot, while those on crests developed large lateral and sinker roots. Bauxite mining is a major activity in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) forest of south-western Australia. After mining, poor tree growth can occur in some areas. This thesis aimed to determine whether soil constraints, including reduced depth and compaction, were responsible for poor tree growth at low-quality restored bauxite mines. In particular, this study determined the response of jarrah root morphology, leaf-scale physiology and growth/development to soil constraints at two contrasting (low-quality and high-quality) restored bauxite-mine sites. Jarrah root excavations at a low-quality restored site revealed that deep-ripping equipment failed to penetrate the cemented lateritic subsoil, causing coarse roots to be restricted to the top 0.5 m of the soil profile, resulting in fewer and smaller jarrah trees. An adjacent area within the same mine pit (high-quality site) had a kaolinitic clay subsoil, which coarse roots were able to penetrate to the average ripping depth of 1.5 m. Impenetrable subsoil prevented development of taproots at the low-quality site, with trees instead producing multiple lateral and sinker roots. Trees in riplines, made by deep-ripping, at the high-quality site accessed the subsoil via a major taproot, while those on crests developed large lateral and sinker roots.
46
Garzón, López Teresa. "Estudio de la compartimentación celular en plantas modelo sometidas a estrés por aluminio." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3661.
Full textAbstract:
El aluminio es el metal más abundante y tercer elemento en abundancia en la corteza terrestre. Es un importante factor que determina el crecimiento de los cultivos en suelos ácidos (pH<4.5, lo que significa aproximadamente el 40% de los suelos cultivables) debido a su alta solubilización y a su elevada disponibilidad para las plantas bajo estas condiciones. La inhibición del crecimiento radicular es uno de los primeros parámetros afectados por la exposición al aluminio.
En nuestro estudio usamos 4 variedades de Phaseolus vulgaris y 2 de Zea mays de distinto origen para evaluar los efectos comparativamente tanto entre monocotiledóneas y dicotiledóneas como entre variedades de diferente procedencia.
Se propone una nueva técnica para la definición de la tolerancia al metal en función a los daños en la permeabilidad de la membrana basándonos en los resultados de la tinción vital Los resultados muestran que la acumulación de aluminio en el apoplasto y los daños en la permeabilidad de la membrana son importantes factores que determinan la toxicidad del metal. Se clasifican las variedades en función a su tolerancia al metal, determinándose una relación origen-tolerancia en las variedades de maíz, relación que no se observó en las variedades de judía..
Dada la importancia de la exudación de ácidos orgánicos como mecanismo de evitación frente a los efectos tóxicos del aluminio, se analizó el contenido de malato en la vacuola de las plantas, además de otros iones relacionados con este proceso e importantes para el metabolismo de la planta como NO3-, mediante electroforesis capilar y K y P, mediante microscopia de rayos X, y el calcio citoplasmático, usándose un fluorocromo específico para el catión (Fluo-3). Se observó un comportamiento diferencial entre las dos variedades de maíz estudiadas en este experimento en función a la formación de novo de malato, viéndose además un comportamiento del K muy relacionada con un papel de contraión. Los movimientos de NO3-, parecen un movimiento electrosmótico compensatorio y los de P una consecuencia de las alteraciones que provoca el aluminio en la planta. El calcio libre en ambas variedades muestra un comportamiento contrarío, de manera que parece que hay un mejor aprovechamiento del calcio citoplasmático por parte de la variedad más resistente.
Aluminium is the third most abundant metal in the Earth crust. It is an important factor limiting crop growth in acidic soils (pH<4.5, which means about 40% of the cropping lands) due to its high solubility and availability to plants under these conditions, being root growth inhibition one of the first affected parameters by exposure to Al.
In our experiment we used four varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris and two of Zea mays from different origin to compare so the effects between monocotyledoneous and dicotyledoneous species as well as the effects between the different provenance.
A new technique to define the potential tolerance to aluminium is proposed. This new technique takes into consideration the damage caused in the plasma membrane by aluminium using vital staining techniques. The experimental data showed that aluminium accumulation in the apoplast and permeability damages in the plasma membrane are very important factors in determining aluminium toxicity and let us to classify the cultivars according to its tolerance showing a close relation between the provenance and tolerance in Z. mays, which could not be seen in P. vulgaris.
Considering the importance of organic acids efflux as an avoiding mechanism against the toxics effects of the metal, we analyzed vacuolar contents of several ions related to this mechanism e.g. NO3- (by capillary electrophoresis), K and P (by X ray microscopy) and cytoplasmic calcium (by staining with fluo-3).
We saw a different behaviour between the two varieties of Z.mays in the induction of malate. Besides, K showed a behaviour compatible with being a counter ion in the organic acid efflux mechanism, while fluctuations in vacuolar P content seem to be a consequence of aluminium damage of cell metabolism.
Nitrate movements seem to be an electro-osmotic behaviour to compensate the K transport outside the vacuole.
Both varieties showed an opposed behaviour in the free calcium concentration due to a better optimization of calcium by the more tolerant variety.
47
Maron, Lyza Gontow. "Caracterização molecular de Zmal1 : um gene induzido por aluminio em plantas de milho." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317051.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Marcelo Menossi TeixeiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T19:37:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maron_LyzaGontow_M.pdf: 2238825 bytes, checksum: 4a67ca7cb16ababccc6f8418622be2c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
Mestrado
48
Souza, Marcelo Claro de [UNESP]. "Nutrição mineral e escleromorfismo foliar de grupos funcionais e comunidades vegetais savânicas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108718.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2014-03-18Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
000765802_20160318.pdf: 345919 bytes, checksum: ff5f1f4761e096825ac42fddc6882d9e (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-03-18T13:35:47Z: 000765802_20160318.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-18T13:36:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
000765802.pdf: 1172582 bytes, checksum: 262f4dea3786e4c109f342e09c66cd11 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As savanas (localizadas na Austrália, África do Sul e Brasil) abrigam a segunda maior biodiversidade do planeta. Tais savanas se desenvolveram sobre solos ácidos, pobres em nutrientes e com estações secas e chuvosas bem definidas. Dentre os filtros ecológicos limitantes à manutenção das savanas, fogo, fertilidade do solo, disponibilidade hídrica e herbivoria são considerados os mais importantes. Outros filtros muito importantes, mas considerados subfiltros da fertilidade do solo são: acidez do solo e disponibilidade de alumínio (Al). O Al é considerado um elemento tóxico para a maior parte das plantas, entretanto as espécies savânicas são consideradas insensíveis ao Al, sendo algumas espécies inclusive acumuladoras. Desta forma, foi estudado o perfil nutricional, acúmulo de Al e escleromorfismo foliar de espécies savânicas em três níveis: regional, nacional e intercontinental. Para os níveis nacional e intercontinental acrescentamos as variações de pluviosidade anual, fertilidade e acidez do solo. Em nível regional comparamos as variações no grau de escleromorfismo, concentração de nutrientes foliares, acúmulo de Al, fenologia e produção de metabólitos secundários em folhas jovens e maduras de espécies acumuladoras e não acumuladoras de Al em um fragmento de cerrado em Itirapina – SP. Em nível nacional comparamos as variações das concentrações de nutrientes foliares, acúmulo de Al e escleromorfismo foliar entre dois fragmentos de cerrado sensu stricto (s. str.): um na região central (Brasília – DF) e o outro na borda sudeste do cerrado (Itirapina – SP). Em escala global, estudamos as variações nutricionais, acúmulo de Al e escleromorfismo foliar entre as savanas Australiana, Brasileira e Sul Africana. Em escala regional observamos dois padrões distintos de desenvolvimento foliar entre os dois grupos de espécies. Em escala nacional, observamos menor ecleromorfismo e maior acúmulo...
Savannas (located in Australia, Brazil and South Africa) hold the second largest biodiversity on the planet. These savannas have developed their vegetation structure on acidic and nutrient-poor soils, under a well-defined dry and rainy seasons. Among the limiting ecological filters, fire, soil fertility, water availability and herbivory are considered the most important ones. Other filters, which may be considered subfilters of the soil fertility are acidity and aluminum (Al) availability in the soil. Aluminum is considered a toxic element for most plant species, however savanna plants are insensitive to Al, and some species are Al-accumulators. We studied leaf nutritional status, Al accumulation and leaf scleromorphism of savanna species at three levels: regional, national and intercontinental. For national and intercontinental analysis we evaluated variations in the annual 9 rainfall, soil fertility and soil acidity. At the regional level, we compared leaf scleromorphism, nutritional status, Al accumulation, leaf phenology and the concentration of secondary metabolites in young and mature leaves of Al-accumulator and non-accumulator species in a cerrado remnant in Itirapina-SP. At the national level we compared the nutritional status, Al accumulation and leaf scleromorphism variations between two cerrado sensu stricto (s. str.) fragments:, one in the core region (Brasília - DF) and another on the southeastern periphery of the cerrado (Itirapina - SP). On a global scale, we studied the dissimilarities on the nutritional status, Al accumulation and leaf scleromorphism between the Australian, Brazilian and South African savannas. At the regional level, we observed two distinct strategies of leaf development between Al-accumulator and non-accumulator species. At the national level, we concluded that the peripheral cerrado community was less scleromorphic than the community in the core. These variations were explained by the higher soil...
FAPESP: 10/07809-1
FAPESP: 2012/13762-3
CAPES: 360/11
49
Souza, Marcelo Claro de. "Nutrição mineral e escleromorfismo foliar de grupos funcionais e comunidades vegetais savânicas /." Rio Claro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108718.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Gustavo HabermannCoorientador: Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato
Banca: Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Banca: Milton Cezar Ribeiro
Banca: Davi Rodrigo Rossatto
Banca: Marco Antonio Portugal L. Batalha
Resumo: As savanas (localizadas na Austrália, África do Sul e Brasil) abrigam a segunda maior biodiversidade do planeta. Tais savanas se desenvolveram sobre solos ácidos, pobres em nutrientes e com estações secas e chuvosas bem definidas. Dentre os filtros ecológicos limitantes à manutenção das savanas, fogo, fertilidade do solo, disponibilidade hídrica e herbivoria são considerados os mais importantes. Outros filtros muito importantes, mas considerados subfiltros da fertilidade do solo são: acidez do solo e disponibilidade de alumínio (Al). O Al é considerado um elemento tóxico para a maior parte das plantas, entretanto as espécies savânicas são consideradas insensíveis ao Al, sendo algumas espécies inclusive acumuladoras. Desta forma, foi estudado o perfil nutricional, acúmulo de Al e escleromorfismo foliar de espécies savânicas em três níveis: regional, nacional e intercontinental. Para os níveis nacional e intercontinental acrescentamos as variações de pluviosidade anual, fertilidade e acidez do solo. Em nível regional comparamos as variações no grau de escleromorfismo, concentração de nutrientes foliares, acúmulo de Al, fenologia e produção de metabólitos secundários em folhas jovens e maduras de espécies acumuladoras e não acumuladoras de Al em um fragmento de cerrado em Itirapina - SP. Em nível nacional comparamos as variações das concentrações de nutrientes foliares, acúmulo de Al e escleromorfismo foliar entre dois fragmentos de cerrado sensu stricto (s. str.): um na região central (Brasília - DF) e o outro na borda sudeste do cerrado (Itirapina - SP). Em escala global, estudamos as variações nutricionais, acúmulo de Al e escleromorfismo foliar entre as savanas Australiana, Brasileira e Sul Africana. Em escala regional observamos dois padrões distintos de desenvolvimento foliar entre os dois grupos de espécies. Em escala nacional, observamos menor ecleromorfismo e maior acúmulo...
Abstract: Savannas (located in Australia, Brazil and South Africa) hold the second largest biodiversity on the planet. These savannas have developed their vegetation structure on acidic and nutrient-poor soils, under a well-defined dry and rainy seasons. Among the limiting ecological filters, fire, soil fertility, water availability and herbivory are considered the most important ones. Other filters, which may be considered subfilters of the soil fertility are acidity and aluminum (Al) availability in the soil. Aluminum is considered a toxic element for most plant species, however savanna plants are insensitive to Al, and some species are Al-accumulators. We studied leaf nutritional status, Al accumulation and leaf scleromorphism of savanna species at three levels: regional, national and intercontinental. For national and intercontinental analysis we evaluated variations in the annual 9 rainfall, soil fertility and soil acidity. At the regional level, we compared leaf scleromorphism, nutritional status, Al accumulation, leaf phenology and the concentration of secondary metabolites in young and mature leaves of Al-accumulator and non-accumulator species in a cerrado remnant in Itirapina-SP. At the national level we compared the nutritional status, Al accumulation and leaf scleromorphism variations between two cerrado sensu stricto (s. str.) fragments:, one in the core region (Brasília - DF) and another on the southeastern periphery of the cerrado (Itirapina - SP). On a global scale, we studied the dissimilarities on the nutritional status, Al accumulation and leaf scleromorphism between the Australian, Brazilian and South African savannas. At the regional level, we observed two distinct strategies of leaf development between Al-accumulator and non-accumulator species. At the national level, we concluded that the peripheral cerrado community was less scleromorphic than the community in the core. These variations were explained by the higher soil...
Doutor
50
Coscione, Aline Renee. "O uso de calibração multivariada para a determinação espectrofotometrica simultanea de aluminio e ferro : aplicação na analise de plantas e solos." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250596.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores : João Carlos de Andrade, Bernardo van RaijTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T20:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coscione_AlineRenee_D.pdf: 5651148 bytes, checksum: df0582f113d22a12bcf95fd12b2ffcf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Doutorado