Journal articles: 'Aluminum alloys – Fracture'

1

Shneider, G. L., L. M. Sheveleva, and V. V. Kafel'nikov. "Delayed fracture of aluminum alloys." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 41, no. 3 (March 1999): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02467695.

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2

Kwon, Yong Nam, Kyu Hong Lee, and Sung Hak Lee. "Fracture Toughness and Fracture Mechanisms of Cast A356 Aluminum Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.633.

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The present study aims at investigating the effects of microstructure on fracture toughness of two A356 Al alloys. These A356 alloys were fabricated by casting processes such as rheo-casting and casting-forging, and their mechanical properties and fracture toughness were analyzed in relation with microfracture mechanisms. All the cast A356 alloys contained eutectic Si particles mainly segregated along solidification cells, and the distribution of Si particles was modified by the casting-forging process. Microfracture observation results revealed that eutectic Si particles segregated along cells were cracked first, but that Al matrix played a role in blocking crack propagation. Tensile properties and fracture toughness of the cast-forged alloys having homogeneous distribution of eutectic Si particles were superior to those of the rheo-cast alloy.

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3

Zhao, DongSheng, TianFei Zhang, LeLe Kong, DaiFa Long, and YuJun Liu. "Effect of ER5356 Welding Wire on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5083 Aluminum Alloy GTAW Welded Joint." Journal of Ship Production and Design 37, no. 03 (August 19, 2021): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.10200026.

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Automatic gas tungsten arc welding experiments of 5083 aluminum alloy were completed, to analyze the weld microstructure and mechanical properties. The influences of welding current, travel speed, frequency, and arc length on weld forming and mechanical properties were studied. When the welding current was 160 A, the travel speed was 380 mm/min, the frequency was 100 Hz, the arc length was 4 mm, and the maximum tensile strength of the welded joint was 296.9 MPa, which was 86.8% of the base metal’s tensile strength. The fracture elongation was 7.8%. No porosity was formed in the weld, but there were poor fusion problems. ER5356 welding wire can improve the problem of poor weld fusion and accommodate Mg element vaporization losses. When the wire feeding speed was 1200 mm/min, the tensile strength of the welded joint can be improved to 315.2 MPa, which was 92.2% of the base material’s tensile strength, and the fracture elongation was 8.5%. The tensile specimens fractured in the heat-affected zone. The fracture surface was characterized as plastic fracture. Introduction Specific strength of aluminum alloy is high, so aluminum alloys reduce the weight of the structure compared with steel structures. Aluminum alloys have a broad application prospect in aerospace, automotive, and marine industries based on their good corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance, good processability, and rich alloy system (Kuk et al. 2004; Wang & Zhang 2015; Canepa et al. 2018; Gaur et al. 2018; Qiang & Wang 2019). In recent years, to reduce the weight of the structure such as trimaran hull and improve speed, aluminum alloys have been more and more applied in shipbuilding. But there are many problems in the welding of aluminum alloy.

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Grinevich, A. V., V. S. Erasov, V. V. Avtaev, and S. M. Shvets. "Sheet aluminum alloys fracture toughness definition." «Aviation Materials and Technologies», s4 (2014): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2071-9140-2014-0-s4-40-44.

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5

Hermann, R. "Environmentally Assisted Fracture of Aluminum Alloys." CORROSION 44, no. 10 (October 1988): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3584929.

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6

Kobayashi, T. "Strength and fracture of aluminum alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 286, no. 2 (July 2000): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(00)00935-7.

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7

Kobayashi, T. "Strength and fracture of aluminum alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 280, no. 1 (March 2000): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(99)00649-8.

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8

Vasudévan, A. K., and S. Suresh. "Lithium-containing aluminum alloys: cyclic fracture." Metallurgical Transactions A 16, no. 3 (March 1985): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02814350.

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9

Siddiqui, Rafiq Ahmed, Saeed Ali Al- Araimi, and Ahmet Turgutlu. "Influence of Aging Conditions on Fatigue Fracture Behaviour of 6063 Aluminum Alloy." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2001): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol6iss1pp53-60.

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Aluminum - Magnesium - Silicon (Al-Mg-Si) 6063 alloy was heat-treated using under aged, peak aged and overage temperatures. The numbers of cycles required to cause the fatigue fracture, at constant stress, was considered as criteria for the fatigue resistance. Moreover, the fractured surface of the alloy at different aging conditions was evaluated by optical microscopy and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrographs confirmed the cleavage surfaces with well-defined fatigue striations. It has been observed that the various aging time and temperature of the 6063 Al-alloy, produces different modes of fractures. The most suitable age hardening time and temperature was found to be between 4 to 5 hours and to occur at 460 K. The increase in fatigue fracture property of the alloy due to aging could be attributed to a vacancy assisted diffusion mechanism or due to pinning of dislocations movement by the precipitates produced during aging. However, the decrease in the fatigue resistance, for the over aged alloys, might be due to the coalescence of precipitates into larger grains.

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10

Yang, Yu Lan, Wei Qi Wang, Feng Li Li, Wei Qing Li, and Yong Qiang Zhang. "The Effect of Aluminum Equivalent and Molybdenum Equivalent on the Mechanical Properties of High Strength and High Toughness Titanium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.169.

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The effect of Aluminum equivalent and Molybdenum equivalent on the strength and fracture toughness of titanium alloys was studied in this paper. The result shows that the tensile strength of the alloy increases with increasing of aluminum equivalent and molybdenum equivalent and the fracture toughness decreases gradually, the effect of aluminum equivalent is comparatively more conspicuous. A suitable value range of aluminum equivalent and molybdenum equivalent of high strength and high toughness titanium alloys are obtained from the analysis, based on this, a new type of high strength and high toughness titanium alloy BTi-6554 (Ti-4Al-5Mo-5V-6Cr) was developed, which has good combination of strength and fracture toughness and has the characteristics of high strength and high toughness.

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11

Jiang, D. M., and B. D. Hong. "Deformation and fracture behavior of an Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy 8090." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 974–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100178008.

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Aluminum-lithium alloys have been recently got strong interests especially in the aircraft industry. Compared to conventional high strength aluminum alloys of the 2000 or 7000 series it is anticipated that these alloys offer a 10% increase in the stiffness and a 10% decrease in density, thus making them rather competitive to new up-coming non-metallic materials like carbon fiber reinforced composites.The object of the present paper is to evaluate the inluence of various microstructural features on the monotonic and cyclic deformation and fracture behaviors of Al-Li based alloy. The material used was 8090 alloy. After solution treated and waster quenched, the alloy was underaged (190°Clh), peak-aged (190°C24h) and overaged (150°C4h+230°C16h). The alloy in different aging condition was tensile and fatigue tested, the resultant fractures were observed in SEM. The deformation behavior was studied in TEM.

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12

Chen, Zhen Zhong, Ming Li, Xiao Ge Ma, and Yao Xiao. "Tensile Properties of Friction Stir Welding Aluminum Alloys Used in Aviation." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.466.

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AA7050and AA2024 aluminum alloys used in aviation were jointed by friction stir welding, and the tensile properties and fracture surfaces were investigated. The results show that the ultimate strength and the yield limit of welded materials can reach 90% and 75% for AA7075and AA2024 respectively, while the ultimate strength of AA7050/AA2024 FSW can reach 60.5% of AA7050 and 70.8% of AA2024, the yield limit can reach 46.2 % of AA7050 and 75.5% of AA2024. The equiaxial fine grains were found in weld nugget, the coarsen and distorted grains in the thermo-mechanically affected zone, and coarse grains in heat affected zone. The fractures occur at the advancing side between thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone. Dimples appeared on the fracture surfaces means that the fracture is ductile fracture.

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13

HIRANO, Kazumi, and Hajime NAKAZAWA. "Fracture toughness of whisker reinforced aluminum alloys." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 55, no. 520 (1989): 2427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.55.2427.

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14

Kikuchi, Masanori, Geni Mamtimin, and Kazumi Hirano. "Fracture Analysis of Whisker-Reinforced Aluminum Alloys." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 59, no. 560 (1993): 1017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.59.1017.

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15

Öchsner, A., W. Winter, and G. Kuhn. "Damage and Fracture of Perforated Aluminum Alloys." Advanced Engineering Materials 2, no. 7 (July 2000): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1527-2648(200007)2:7<423::aid-adem423>3.0.co;2-5.

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16

Zhao, Xuehang, Haifeng Li, Tong Chen, Bao’an Cao, and Xia Li. "Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys under Low-Cycle Fatigue Loading." Materials 12, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132064.

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In this paper, the mechanical properties of 36 aluminum alloy specimens subjected to repeated tensile loading were tested. The failure characteristics, stress-strain hysteresis curves and its corresponding skeleton curves, stress cycle characteristics, and hysteretic energy of specimens were analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the finite element model of aluminum alloy specimens under low-cycle fatigue loading was established and compared with the experimental results. The effects of specimen parallel length, parallel diameter, and repeated loading patterns on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys were discussed. The results show that when the specimen is monotonously stretched to fracture, the failure result from shearing break. When the specimen is repeatedly stretched to failure, the fracture of the specimen is a result of the combined action of tensile stress and plastic fatigue damage. The AA6061, AA7075, and AA6063 aluminum alloys all show cyclic softening characteristics under repeated loading. When the initial stress amplitude of repeated loading is greater than 2.5%, the repeated tensile loading has a detrimental effect on the deformability of the aluminum alloy. Finally, based on experiment research as well as the results of the numerical analysis, the calculation method for the tensile strength of aluminum alloys under low-cycle fatigue loading was proposed.

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17

Shen, Hua, He Liang, Guang Chun Yao, Wei Dong Yang, and Xiao Dong Ren. "Effect of Cerium-Rich Mischmetal Content on the Mechanical Properties and Fracture Morphology of New 5XXX Series Aluminum Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.239.

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Preparation process of new 5XXX series aluminum alloys containing cerium-rich mischmetal wasintroduced .The effects of cerium-rich mischmetal on fracture morphology and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy were investigated in detail by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and tensile test.The results show that alloys tensile strength and elongation with the increase of the content of mischmetal first increased, then down. When the mischmetal content is increased up to 0.30%, the tensile strength and elongation are 115 MPa and 25.9% respectively, meanwhile, the fractograph exhibited typical ductile dimple fracture pattern. Then the alloy performance is best. Mischmetal added into the alloy can improve the mechanical properties of materials, but too much mischmetal will induce the decrease in the material performance.Becase it may generate more the coarse Al11(Ce ,La)3particle.

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18

Fernández, R., and G. González-Doncel. "Understanding the creep fracture behavior of aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy metal matrix composites." Materials Science and Engineering: A 528, no. 28 (October 2011): 8218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.07.027.

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19

He, Wei Wei, Min Hao, Hui Qu Li, Liang Wang, and Jun Zhou Chen. "Effect of Secondary Aging Process on the Structure and Properties of 7050 Aluminum Alloy Forging." Key Engineering Materials 861 (September 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.57.

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The effect of the second-stage aging process on the tensile properties, fracture toughness and electrical conductivity of 7050 aluminum alloy die forgings was studied, and the mechanism of strengthening and toughening was analyzed by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that with the extension of the second-stage aging time, the morphology of the precipitation phase remains unchanged, but the average radius of the precipitation phase and the distance between each other gradually increase. The fracture modes at this aging temperature are mixed fracture mechanisms of dimple fracture and intergranular fracture, and the number of dimple fractures increases with time. With the extension of the second-stage aging time, the strength of the alloy decreases, and the fracture toughness and stress corrosion resistance increase. The alloys heat-treated at 120°C×6 h +177°C×6~8 h two-stage aging process have excellent comprehensive properties.

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20

Eto, Takehiko, and Manabu Nakai. "New Process-Microstructure Method for Affordable 2024 Series Aerospace Aluminum Alloys." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 3643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.3643.

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New affordable 2024 series aerospace aluminum alloy has been developed. Fracture toughness has been demonstrated increase in inverse proportion to the root of the distance between constituents, Cu2FeAl7, formed during ingot solidification. Higher fracture toughness material is obtained by means of combination of reduction of Fe content and wider spacing between the constituents. The fractured surface of those materials has been confirmed to show larger dimples due to the wider constituents. An outcome is the fracture toughness increases 20% through broadening the space from 75 to 140μm. Fatigue crack growth (FCG) has been governed by the morphology of dispersoids such as Cu2MnAl20, Cr2Mg3Al18 and ZrAl3, formed in homogenization process during heat treatment of ingot. In a low ΔK region, the FCG rate is slower when Cu2MnAl20 becomes larger. It is reconfirmed that the FCG rate is still faster for small dispersoids, Cr2Mg3Al18 or ZrAl3 bearing materials than Cu2MnAl20 bearing one through bridging effect of dispersoids. In a high ΔK region, on the other hands, the FCG rate becomes slower by broadening the spacing of the constituents. A new 2024 series alloy (2x24) with high fracture toughness and excellent FCG resistance has been developed on the basis of process- microstructure-structure methods.

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21

Lumley, Roger N., Maya Gershenzon, and Dayalan R. Gunasegaram. "Alloy Design for Enhancing the Fracture Resistance of Heat Treated High Pressure Die-Castings." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.954.

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Recently, heat treatment technologies have been developed by the CSIRO Light Metals Flagship in Australia that allow the 0.2% proof stress of conventional aluminum alloy high pressure diecastings (HPDC’s) to be more than doubled without encountering problems with blistering or dimensional instability [1,2]. A range of other properties may also be improved such as fatigue resistance, thermal conductivity and fracture resistance. However, the current commercial HPDC Al-Si-Cu alloys have not been developed to exploit heat treatment or to optimize these specific mechanical properties, and one potential limitation of heat treating HPDC’s is that fracture resistance may be reduced as strength is increased. The current paper presents the outcomes of a program aimed at developing highly castable, secondary Al-Si-Cu HPDC alloys which display significantly enhanced ductility and fracture resistance in both the as-cast and heat treated conditions. Kahn-type tear tests were conducted to compare the fracture resistance of the conventional A380 alloy with a selection of the newly developed compositions. A comparison has also been made with the current permanent mold cast aluminium alloys and it is shown that the new HPDC compositions typically display higher levels of both tensile properties and fracture resistance.

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22

Tiryakioğlu, Murat. "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Effects of Microstructure on Properties in Cast Al Alloys." Materials 13, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092019.

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The metallurgy of cast aluminum alloys has always been considered to be different from that of wrought alloys. Metallurgists have been taught that pores are intrinsic in cast aluminum alloys and that mechanical properties in cast aluminum alloys are controlled by dendrite arm spacing, the presence of Fe-bearing particles, and the size of Si particles in Al–Si alloys, which fracture and debond during deformation, leading to premature failure. Whether these effects are intrinsic or extrinsic, i.e., mere correlations due to the structural quality of castings, is discussed in detail. Ideal properties are discussed, based on findings presented mostly in physics literature. Pores and hot tears in aluminum castings are extrinsic. Moreover, the effect of dendrite arm spacing on elongation, precipitation, and subsequent fracture of β–Al5FeSi platelets, and finally Si particle fracture and debonding are all extrinsic. A fundamental change in how we approach the metallurgy of cast aluminum alloys is necessary.

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23

Xiao, Yue, and Yumei Hu. "An Extended Iterative Identification Method for the GISSMO Model." Metals 9, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050568.

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This study examines an extended method to obtain the parameters in the Generalized Incremental Stress State Dependent Damage (GISSMO) model. This method is based on an iterative Finite Element Method (FEM) method aiming at predicting the fracture behavior considering softening and failure. A large number of experimental tests have been conducted on four different alloys (7003 aluminum alloy, ADC12 aluminum alloy, ZK60 magnesium alloy and 20CrMnTiH Steel), here considering tests that span a wide range of stress triaxiality. The proposed method is compared with the two existing methods. Results show that the new extended Iterative FEM method gives the good estimate of the fracture behaviors for all four alloys considered.

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24

Christopher, T., K. Sankaranarayanasamy, and B. Nageswara Rao. "Failure Assessment on Tensile Cracked Specimens of Aluminum Alloys." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 126, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1767862.

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A three-parameter fracture criterion is applied to correlate fracture data from tensile cracked plates made of aluminum alloys. Fracture parameters to generate the failure assessment diagram are determined for the materials considered in the present study. Failure load estimates were found to be in good agreement with test results. The failure assessment diagram of a material generated from tensile fracture plate configurations can also be applied for failure pressure estimations of flawed pressure vessels.

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25

Itoh, Goroh, Keisuke Hiyama, Bo Fan Lyu, and Junya Kobayashi. "Suppression of Intergranular Fracture in 7000 Series Aluminum Alloys." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 1811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.1811.

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The 7000 series aluminum alloys suffer from intergranular fracture (IGF) that limits the use of the alloys, although they have highest strength among aluminum alloys. The types of IGF can be classified into two categories: (i) with smooth fracture surface showing practically no plastic deformation that takes place in hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking, and (ii) with shallow and fine dimples on the fracture surface showing localized plastic deformation inside precipitate free zones. In this study, attempts have been made to suppress the IGF of both types by (a) controlling precipitate microstructure on grain boundaries by quench control and (b) controlling grain boundary morphology by strain induced boundary migration. The IGF of type (i) (hydrogen embrittlement) was successfully suppressed both by the two controlling processes.

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26

Shen, Hua, He Liang, Wei Dong Yang, Guang Chun Yao, and Chuan Sheng Wang. "Effect of Y on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.250.

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The effects of yttrium (Y) on microstructures and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy were investigated in detail by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS),X-ray diffraction and tensile test. The results show that the trend of alloys tensile strength and elongation with increasing of the Y content is a broken line. When the Y content is increased up to 0.30%, the tensile strength and elongation are 105MPa and 10.50% respectively, meanwhile, the fractograph exhibited typical ductile dimple fracture pattern. Then the alloy performance is best. The high strength of aluminum alloy is attributed to the size of Al2Y phase. Addition of Y above 0.30% in aluminum alloy may generate more the coarse Al2Y particle. It can induce the decrease in the material performance.

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27

Thomesen, Susanne, Odd Sture Hopperstad, and Tore Børvik. "Anisotropic Plasticity and Fracture of Three 6000-Series Aluminum Alloys." Metals 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040557.

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The influence of microstructure on plasticity and fracture of three 6000-series aluminum alloys is studied with emphasis on the anisotropy caused by the extrusion process. Tension tests on smooth and notched specimens are performed in different directions with respect to the extrusion direction, where the stress and strain to fracture are based on local measurements inside the neck or notch. The microstructure of the alloys, i.e., grain structure, crystallographic texture and size distribution of constituent particles, is characterized and used to explain the experimental findings. The experiments show considerable differences in the directional variation of the yield stress, the plastic flow, the work hardening, and the failure strain between alloys exhibiting recrystallization texture and deformation texture. The alloys with recrystallized microstructure exhibited substantial anisotropic work hardening caused by texture evolution and a stronger notch sensitivity of the failure strain than the alloy with deformed, non-recrystallized microstructure. Comparisons are made with previous experiments on the same alloys in the cast and homogenized condition, and the effects of the microstructural changes caused by the extrusion process on the macroscopic response are discussed.

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28

Hao, Zhizhuang, Sansan Ao, Yangchuan Cai, Wei Zhang, and Zhen Luo. "Formation of SUS304/Aluminum Alloys Using Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing." Metals 8, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080595.

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In this study, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was used to form SUS304/aluminum alloys. The buildup wall was well shaped using a pulse current consisting of a base current of 150 A and peak current of 200 A and a 0.2 m/min travel speed. Metallographic observation revealed that the original grains were columnar grains and transformed into equiaxed grains in the top area. The increased content of alloying elements in the fused layer improved the hardness of the buildup wall. The buildup wall formed using pulsed current exhibited improved anti-electrochemical corrosion performance when compared with that formed using constant current. The tensile strength of the alloy decreased but its elongation increased compared with those of Fe-Al alloys. The tensile fracture along the fusing direction was plastic fracture. However, the tensile fracture perpendicular to the fusing direction consisted of a combination of plastic and brittle fracture.

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Fan, Xi Gang, Da Ming Jiang, Chang Li Wang, Yong Liang Guo, and Xing Qiu Liu. "Influence of Microstructure on the Fracture Mechanism and Mechanical Behavior in 7010 and 7150 Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.463.

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The effect of ageing treatment and coarse intermetallic particles on the compromise between the toughness and the yield strength of 7010 and 7150 aluminum alloys (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys) are investigated. Plane-strain fracture toughness tests were performed on the compact-tension specimens of L-T orientation. The fracture toughness of 7010 alloy was higher than that of 7150 alloy at the same ageing treatment. The 7150 alloy contain a greater amount of coarse Cu-bearing particles, which deteriorate the fracture behavior and decrease the ageing hardening ability of the alloy. The toughness of the both alloys increased greatly for the overaged condition as compared to that for the T6 condition. Two dominant mechanisms of failure occur: microvoid-induced transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture modes, and the former becomes more important in the overaged ageing conditions.

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30

Ma, Qingna, Fei Shao, Linyue Bai, Qian Xu, Xingkun Xie, and Mei Shen. "Corrosion Fatigue Fracture Characteristics of FSW 7075 Aluminum Alloy Joints." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184196.

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The corrosion fatigue properties and fracture characteristics of friction stir welding joints of 7075 aluminum alloys were studied via corrosion fatigue tests, electrochemical measurements, and corrosion fatigue morphology and microstructure observations. The results show that the corrosion fatigue crack of the friction stir welding (FSW) joint of 7075 aluminum alloys originated in the junction zone between the thermomechanically affected zone and the weld nugget zone. The corrosion fatigue life of the joint decreased with increasing stress amplitude, with an S–N curve equation of lgN = 5.845 − 0.014S. Multiple crack sources were observed in the corrosion fatigue fracture. The main crack source originated from the corrosion pits at the interface between the thermomechanically affected zone and the weld nugget zone due to the influence of the coarse microstructure and the large potential difference between both zones. Corrosion morphologies of a rock candy block and an ant nest appeared in the crack propagation zone and the grain boundary of the weld nugget zone. In addition, fatigue speckles and intergranular fractures were observed, as well as brittle fracture characterized by cleavage steps and secondary cracks in the final fracture zone.

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Dileep, B. P., V. Ravi Kumar, Mrudula Prashanth, and M. V. Phanibhushana. "Effect of Zinc Coating on Mechanical Behavior of Al 7075." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.255.

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The addition of zinc to aluminum with magnesium or copper produces heat treatable alloys of highest strength which can be used for structural applications. This work is an attempt to investigate any improvement in hardness and fracture toughness by coating aluminum 7075 alloy with zinc. The zinc coated aluminum 7075 alloy was fabricated using Time Dependent Electro-Plating Technique. The thickness of the coating is a function of time. The varying thickness of zinc coating was obtained based on the time estimates, which includes 10, 15 and 20 microns. Specimens were prepared according to ASTM standards, which were then tested for mechanical properties such as surface hardness, tensile strength and fracture toughness at different loading conditions. The results, when compared to the uncoated aluminum alloy showed significant improvement in Hardness (87 RHN). The hardness increased slightly compared to that of uncoated surface and showed no increase with the increase in the thickness of coating. The yield stressof zinc coated aluminum alloy increased (587.11 N/mm2) when compared to uncoated aluminum alloy 7075 - T6 (537.12 N/mm2), with an increase in brittleness. The fracture toughness test on CT specimen under plain strain condition for coated specimen showed an increase in KIC value by 7.25 % compared to that of uncoated aluminum 7075–T6 alloy. Optical microscopy analysis shows that there is a good bonding of zinc coating on aluminum.

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32

Yi, Xiang Bin, Zhi Yuan Rui, Rui Cheng Feng, Chang Feng Yan, and Yan Rui Zuo. "The Micro Crack Nucleation Rule and Fracture Behavior of Titanium Aluminum Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.396.

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Study on tensile fracture behavior of TiAl alloy by means of the macro fracture theory and micro dislocation block theory. A quantitative analysis method of micro crack nucleation and crack mechanism for TiAl alloy is performed with the help of the dislocation distribution model, and is based on the strain energy density theory and criterion, a crack criterion of TiAl alloy instability is established. The experimental results confirmed that the dislocation model and S criterion on tensile fracture behavior of TiAl alloys are effective.

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Reis, Danieli A. P., Antônio Augusto Couto, N. I. Domingues Jr., Ana Cláudia Hirschmann, S. Zepka, and Carlos de Moura Neto. "Effect of Artificial Aging on the Mechanical Properties of an Aerospace Aluminum Alloy 2024." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.193.

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Aluminum alloys have low specific weight, relatively high strength and high corrosion resistance and are used in many applications. Aluminum Alloy 2024 is widely used for aircraft fuselage structures, owing to its mechanical properties. In this investigation, Aluminum Alloy 2024 was given solid solution treatments at 495, 505, and 515°C followed by quenching in water. It was then artificially aged at 190 and 208°C. Subsequently, hardness measurements, tensile tests as well as impact and fatigue tests were carried out on the heat treated alloys to determine the mechanical properties. The tensile and hardness tests revealed similar mechanical properties for specimens of this alloy that were given the three solid solution treatments. Aluminum Alloy 2024 specimens that were solid solution treated at 515°C and artificially aged at 208°C for 2h exhibited the highest yield and tensile strength. In general, the increase in strength was accompanied by a decrease in ductility. Cyclic fatigue studies were conducted with symmetric tension-compression stresses at room temperature, using a bending-rotation test machine. The alloy solution heat treated at 515°C and aged at 208°C/2h was fatigue tested at constant frequency. The relation between stress amplitude and cycles to failure was established, enabling the fatigue strength to be predicted at more than 7.8x106cycles, with maximum stress of 110.23 MPa. The fracture surfaces of specimens that failed after fewer cycles showed mainly precipitates and micro voids, whereas specimens that fractured after a higher number of cycles indicated that cracks initiated at the surface. The high cycle fatigue fracture surfaces revealed pores that could be due to precipitates from the matrix.

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Ganiev, Izatullo N., Aslam P. Abulakov, Jamshed H. Jayloev, Umarali Sh Yakubov, Amirsho G. Safarov, and Vladimir Dz Abulkhaev. "Effect of bismuth additions on the thermophysical and thermodynamical properties of E-AlMgSi (Aldrey) aluminum semiconductor alloy." Modern Electronic Materials 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.6.3.63734.

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The economic feasibility of using aluminum as a conductive material is explained by the favorable ratio of its cost to the cost of copper. In addition, one should take into account that the cost of aluminum has remained virtually unchanged for many years. When using conductive aluminum alloys for the manufacture of thin wire, winding wire, etc., certain difficulties may arise in connection with their insufficient strength and a small number of kinks before fracture. Aluminum alloys have been developed in recent years which even in a soft state have strength characteristics that allow them to be used as a conductive material. The electrochemical industry is one of the promising application fields of aluminum. E-AlMgSi (Aldrey) conductor aluminum alloys represent this group of alloys. This work presents data on the temperature dependence of heat capacity, heat conductivity and thermodynamic functions of the E-AlMgSi (Aldrey) aluminum alloy doped with bismuth. The studies have been carried out in "cooling" mode. It has been shown that the heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of the E-AlMgSi (Aldrey) aluminum alloy doped with bismuth increase with temperature and the Gibbs energy decreases. Bismuth additions of up to 1 wt.% reduce the heat capacity, heat conductivity, enthalpy and entropy of the initial alloy and increase the Gibbs energy.

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Jaglinski, Tim, and Roderic Lakes. "Creep Behavior of Al-Si Die-Cast Alloys." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 126, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1789953.

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Commercial, aluminum die-cast alloys are subject to long-term stresses leading to viscoelastic material responses resulting in inefficient engine operation and failure. Constant load creep tests were conducted on aluminum die-casting alloys: B-390, eutectic Al-Si and a 17% Si-Al alloys. Rupture occurred in the primary creep regime, with the eutectic alloy having the longest times to failure. Primary creep was modeled by Jt=A+Btn with A, B, and n dependent on stress. Poor creep performance is linked to the brittle fracture of the primary silicon phase as well as other casting defects.

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Liu, Chi, Liyong Ma, Ziyong Zhang, Zhuo Fu, and Lijuan Liu. "Research on the Corrosion Fatigue Property of 2524-T3 Aluminum Alloy." Metals 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111754.

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The 2524-T3 aluminum alloy was subjected to fatigue tests under the conditions of R = 0, 3.5% NaCl corrosion solution, and the loading cycles of 106, and the S-N curve was obtained. The horizontal fatigue limit was 169 MPa, which is slightly higher than the longitudinal fatigue limit of 163 MPa. In addition, detailed microstructural analysis of the micro-morphological fatigue failure features was carried out. The influence mechanism of corrosion on the fatigue crack propagation of 2524-T3 aluminum alloy was discussed. The fatigue source characterized by cleavage and fracture mainly comes from corrosion pits, whose expansion direction is perpendicular to the principal stress direction. The stable propagation zone is characterized by strip fractures. The main feature of the fracture in the fracture zone is equiaxed dimples. The larger dimples are mixed with second-phase particles ranging in size from 1 to 5 μm. There is almost a one-to-one correspondence between the dimples and the second-phase particles. The fracture mechanism of 2524 alloy at this stage is transformed into a micro-holes connection mechanism, and the nucleation of micropores is mainly derived from the second-phase particles.

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Nikulin, Sergey A., V. G. Khanzhin, Sergey V. Dobatkin, Valerij V. Zakharov, V. I. Kopylov, T. D. Rostova, and S. A. Rogachev. "Study of Deformation and Fracture of Submicrocrystalline Aluminum Alloys by Acoustic Emission Method." Materials Science Forum 584-586 (June 2008): 870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.584-586.870.

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The deformation and fracture of submicrocrystalline aluminum Al-6%Mg and Al- 6.1%Mg-0.3%Sc-0.1%Zr alloys after severe plastic deformation (SPD) by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) as well as the same convenient alloys were investigated by acoustic emission (AE) method. ECAP resulted in predominantly submicrocrystalline structure with high angle grain boundaries and grain sizes ~ 100-400 nm in Al-6.1%Mg-0.3%Sc-0.1%Zr alloy and ~ 300-700 nm in Al-6%Mg alloy. The AE measurements carried out during material tension tests give new information regarding the processes deformation and fracture in materials and, together with the methods of microstructure, phase and fractography analysis.

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38

Ganiev, I. N., A. P. Abdulakov, J. H. Jayloev, U. Sh Yakubov, A. G. Safarov, and V. D. Abulkhaev. "Influence of bismuth additives on the thermophysical and thermodynamic properties of aluminum conductive alloy E-AlMgSi (Aldrey)." Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering 23, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2020-1-86-93.

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The economic feasibility of using aluminum as a conductive material is explained by the favorable ratio of its cost to the cost of copper. It is also important that the cost of aluminum for many years remains virtually unchanged.When using conductive aluminum alloys for the manufacture of thin wire, winding wire, etc. Certain difficulties may arise in connection with their insufficient strength and a small number of kinks before fracture. In recent years, aluminum alloys have been developed, which even in a soft state have strength characteristics that allow them to be used as a conductive material.One of the promising areas for the use of aluminum is the electrical industry. Conducting aluminum alloys of the E-AlMgSi type (Aldrey) are representatives of this group of alloys. The paper presents the results of a study of the temperature dependence of heat capacity, heat transfer coefficient, and thermodynamic functions of an aluminum alloy E-AlMgSi (Aldrey) with bismuth. Research conducted in the "cooling" mode.It was shown that the temperature capacity and the thermodynamic functions of the alloy E-AlMgSi (Aldrey) with bismuth increase with temperature, and the Gibbs energy decreases. Additives of bismuth up to 1 wt.% Reduce heat capacity, heat transfer coefficient, enthalpy and entropy of the initial alloy and increase the value of Gibbs energy.

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Towata, Shin’ichi, and Sen’ichi Yamada. "Fracture Behaviour of Silicon-Carbide Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Alloys." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 50, no. 3 (1986): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.50.3_336.

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ZUIDEMA, J., F. VEER, and C. VAN KRANENBURG. "Shear lips on fatigue fracture surfaces of aluminum alloys." Fatigue Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 28, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2004.00837.x.

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Cavazzoni, Luca, Giuseppe Miscia, Vincenzo Rotondella, and Andrea Baldini. "Numerical Modeling of Aluminum Alloys Fracture for Automotive Applications." Procedia Engineering 109 (2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.203.

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Cho, K., S. Lee, Y. W. Chang, and J. Duffy. "Dynamic fracture behavior of SiC whisker-reinforced aluminum alloys." Metallurgical Transactions A 22, no. 2 (February 1991): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02656805.

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Srivatsan, T. S., and T. S. Sudarshan. "Fracture of precipitation strengthened aluminum alloys—role of environment." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 37, no. 3 (January 1990): 569–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(90)90381-p.

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Vasudévan, A. K., and R. D. Doherty. "Grain boundary ductile fracture in precipitation hardened aluminum alloys." Acta Metallurgica 35, no. 6 (June 1987): 1193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(87)90001-0.

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45

Toda, Hiroyuki, Hideyuki Oogo, Keitaro Horikawa, Kentaro Uesugi, Akihisa Takeuchi, Yoshio Suzuki, Mitsuru Nakazawa, Yoshimitsu Aoki, and Masakazu Kobayashi. "The True Origin of Ductile Fracture in Aluminum Alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 45, no. 2 (October 2, 2013): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2013-3.

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Zhang, Xiao Min, Jian Mao, Yun Che, and Zhong Ke Zhang. "Investigations on the Fatigue Property of the High-Strength and Toughness 211Z Casting Aluminium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.197.

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211Z is a new type of high strength and toughness Al-Cu-Mn casting aluminum alloy. With the aid of GPS-100 high-cycle fatigue testing machine and DDL100 multifunction tensile testing machine, conventional mechanics performance tests and high-cycle fatigue tests were carried out in this paper. The conventional mechanical property results show that the tensile strength is 477.5 MPa, the theory yield strength is 397.5 MPa and the elongation is 6.625%. Fatigue experiments were performed with load control at room temperature and R =-1 in ambient air. The tensile and compression fatigue strength is 130 MPa under ten million times fatigue test, and S-N fatigue life curve of this alloy was also given in the investigations. 211Z casting aluminum alloy possessing high fatigue strength can be attributed to the fact that it owns high strength and good plasticity simultaneously. The microstructure analysis of fatigue fracture appearance shows that, the fatigue crack initiation behavior of this aluminium alloys depends mainly on the region possessing defects under the surface, there has only one crack source, which means it is belongs to low nominal stress unidirectional bending. In the crack growth stage, the width of fatigue striations decreases with the increase of stress, and a few secondary cracks were found in this stage. When cracks finally losed stability, an instantaneous fracture occured in the investigated samples. Shear lips and dimples were found in the fracture appearance and the final fracture is belongs to ductile fracture.

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Meshcheryakov, Yu I., A. K. Divakov, N. I. Zhigacheva, G. V. Konovalov, and E. P. Osokin. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 2: MULTISCALE MECHANISMS OF DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE UNDER HIGH-VELOCITY PENETRATION." Problems of Strength and Plasticity 84, no. 4 (2022): 468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/1814-9146-2022-84-4-468-479.

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Two kinds of aluminum alloy, 1561 and 1565 alloys, were tested in parallel within impact velocity range of 250–750 m/s in two schemes of shock loading: (i) under uniaxial strain conditions and (ii) in high velocity penetration. Combination of load regimes allows a formation of multiscale structure to be retraced. In both schemes of dynamic loading, the transition into structure-unstable state and change of scale level of dynamic deformation was found to occur under identical impact velocities. Formation of mesoscale-1 (1–10 µm) for both alloys is found to be identical – the mesoscale-1 structures are nucleated due to particle velocity fluctuations resulting from interaction of shock front with the structural hetero-geneities. The intensity of the velocity fluctuations is registered in real time in tests under uniaxial strain condition by using the interferometric technique. For the mesoscale-2 (50–150 µm), the formation of dynamic structures is studied by using microstructural data of post-shocked specimens. In 1561 alloy, the structural elements in the form of cell-structures of 50–150 µm are the result of collectivization of mesoscale-1 structures whereas in 1565 alloy the mesoscale-2 structures are the periodical fault-cellson the boundary of penetration cavern. The strength behavior of both kinds of aluminum alloys in different schemes of loading turns out to be opposite – where the resistance to penetration increases, the spall strength decreases.

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Cheng, Wenhao, Hongbing Liu, Jie Tan, Zhishui Yu, and Qingrong Shu. "Microstructure Analysis and Fatigue Behavior of Laser Beam Welding 2060-T8/2099-T83 Aluminum–Lithium Alloys." Coatings 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060693.

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In this paper, the microstructure analysis and performance research of dual laser beam welded 2060-T8/2099-T83 aluminum–lithium alloys were carried out. First, the macroscopic morphology and microstructure characteristics of T-joint aluminum–lithium alloys under different welding conditions were observed. Then the effect of welding parameters and pore defects on tensile and fatigue properties of the weld were carried out and the experimental results were analyzed. It was found that the weld heat input has a significant influence on the penetration of the welded aluminum–lithium alloys joint. When the laser power is too high, the weld will absorb more laser energy and the increase in the evaporation of magnesium will further increase the weld penetration. When the penetration depth increases, the transverse tensile strength tends to decrease. There is no obvious rule for the effect of pore defects on the tensile strength of the weld. At the same time, the heat input of the weld is inversely proportional to the porosity. When the weld heat input increases from 19.41 to 23.33 kJ/m, the porosity decreases from 5.35% to 2.08%. During the fatigue test, it was confirmed that the existence of pore defects would reduce the fatigue life of the weld. In addition, from the analysis of the fatigue fracture morphology it can be found that when the porosity is low, the weld toe is the main source of fatigue cracks. The crack propagation zone shows a typical beach pattern and the final fracture of the base metal presents the characteristics of a brittle fracture. While, when the porosity is high, the crack source is mainly located at the pore defects. T-joint fractures from the inside of the weld and the fracture in the final fracture zone have obvious pore defects and dimples.

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Bardetsky, Alexander, Helmi Attia, and Mohamed Elbestawi. "A Fracture Mechanics Approach to the Prediction of Tool Wear in Dry High-Speed Machining of Aluminum Cast Alloys—Part 1: Model Development." Journal of Tribology 129, no. 1 (June 21, 2006): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2390718.

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The utilization of cast aluminum alloys in automotive industry continues to rise because of consumer demand for a future generation of vehicles that will offer excellent fuel efficiency and emissions reduction, without compromising safety, performance, or comfort. Unlike wrought aluminum alloys, the cutting speed for cast aluminum alloys is considerably restricted due to the detrimental effect of the alloy’s silicon constituencies on tool life. In the present study, a new wear model is developed for tool-life management and enhancement, in a high-speed machining environment. The fracture-mechanics-based model requires normal and tangential stresses, acting on the flank of the cutting tool, as input data. Analysis of the subsurface crack propagation in the cobalt binder of cemented carbide cutting tool material is performed using a finite element (FE) model of the tool-workpiece sliding contact. The real microstructure of cemented carbide is incorporated into the FE model, and elastic-plastic properties of cobalt, defined by continuum theory of crystal plasticity are introduced. The estimation of the crack propagation rate is then used to predict the wear rate of the cutting tool. The model allows the microstructural characteristics of the cutting tool and workpiece material, as well as the tool’s loading conditions to be taken into consideration. Analysis of the results indicates that the interaction between the alloy’s hard silicon particles and the surface of the cutting tool is most detrimental to tool life. The fatigue wear of the cutting tool is shown to be directly proportional to the silicon content of the alloy, silicon grain size, and to the tool’s loading conditions.

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Horikawa, Keitaro, Michiko Arayama, and Hidetoshi Kobayashi. "Quantitative Detection of Hydrogen Gas Release during Slow Strain Rate Testing in Aluminum Alloys." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.568.

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We have developed a new testing device which is capable of detecting hydrogen gas release during slow strain rate tensile testing (SSRT) under ordinary pressure. The device is composed of an SSRT machine equipped with a closed chamber with an inspection window that is connected to gas chromatography with a semiconductor hydrogen sensor. Local strain distribution in the specimen during the SSRT is monitored dynamically with a digital image correlation (DIC) method. Hydrogen was pre-charged to aluminum alloys by means of friction in water process. Using the device, it was shown that hydrogen was released particularly in the stage of plastic deformation and fracture. In addition, the hydrogen gas release at the moment of fracture was clearly increased when the alloys were hydrogen-charged and tested at a slow strain rate. When we calculated hydrogen gas release from the fracture surface in Al-Zn-Mg base alloys tested at 3.3×10-6 s-1, the hydrogen amount was estimated to be 6.24×10-10 mol /mm2 in a hydrogen-uncharged alloy, and 1.30×10-9 mol / mm2 in a hydrogen-charged alloy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aluminum alloys – Fracture'

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