Academic literature on the topic 'Aluminum alloys – Cracking'

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Journal articles on the topic "Aluminum alloys – Cracking"

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Jawan, Hosen Ali. "Some Thoughts on Stress Corrosion Cracking of (7xxx) Aluminum Alloys." International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (June 2019): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2019.7.2.40-51.

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Field, D. P., H. Weiland, and K. Kunze. "Intergranular Cracking in Aluminum Alloys." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 34, no. 3 (July 1995): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1995.34.3.203.

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Zhang, Fan, Songmao Liang, Chuan Zhang, Shuanglin Chen, Duchao Lv, Weisheng Cao, and Sindo Kou. "Prediction of Cracking Susceptibility of Commercial Aluminum Alloys during Solidification." Metals 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091479.

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Cracking during solidification is a complex phenomenon which has been investigated from various angles for decades using both experimental and theoretical methods. In this paper, cracking susceptibility was investigated by a simulation method for three series of aluminum alloys: AA2xxx, AA6xxx, and AA7xxx alloys. The simulation tool was developed using the CALPHAD method and is readily applicable to multicomponent alloy systems. For each series of alloys, cracking susceptible index values were calculated for more than 1000 alloy compositions by high-throughput calculation. Cracking susceptible maps were then constructed for these three series of aluminum alloys using the simulated results. The effects of major and minor alloying elements were clearly demonstrated by these index maps. The cooling rate effect was also studied, and it was concluded that back diffusion in the solid can significantly improve the cracking susceptibility.
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Yang, Xiao, Xianfeng Zhang, Yan Liu, Xuefeng Li, Jieming Chen, Xinyao Zhang, and Lingqing Gao. "Environmental Failure Behavior Analysis of 7085 High Strength Aluminum Alloy under High Temperature and High Humidity." Metals 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2022): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12060968.

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High-strength aluminum alloys are exposed to more and more environmentally-induced cracking failure behaviors during service. However, due to the hard to detect nature of hydrogen, and the special working conditions, failure research has obvious hysteresis and complexity, and it is impossible to truly reflect the material failure phenomenon and mechanism. In this paper, 7085 high-strength aluminum alloy is selected as the research material to simulate and reproduce the environmental failure phenomenon of aircraft under extreme working conditions (temperature 70 °C, humidity 85%). The results proved that high-strength aluminum alloy has environmental cracking failure behavior under extreme working conditions. The failure mode that was determined was due to environment-induced hydrogen and hydrogen-induced cracking, which is the result of the combined action of hydrogen and stress. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that high-strength aluminum alloy’s environmental failure behavior in an environment of high temperature and high humidity is different from traditional stress corrosion cracking behavior.
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OHSAKI, Shuhei. "Stress corrosion cracking of aluminum alloys." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 46, no. 9 (1996): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.46.456.

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Yang, Xiao, Yan Liu, Xian-feng Zhang, Xue-feng Li, Xin-yao Zhang, and Ling-qing Gao. "Characterization of hydrogen assisted corrosion cracking of a high strength aluminum alloy." Materials Testing 64, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 1527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0079.

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Abstract Environmentally and hydrogen assisted cracking can occur during application of high-strength aluminum alloys. However, there are only few suitable laboratory procedures to characterize and evaluate the environmentally and hydrogen assisted cracking behavior of materials. By optimizing the hydrogen charging parameters and slow strain rate, a multidimensional test procedure was established, which could simulate the actual working environment and could realize the test and evaluation of hydrogen assisted cracking susceptibility in the laboratory. Moreover, it provides a new environmental adaptability evaluation method for the high-strength aluminum alloy materials.
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Kyogoku, Hideki, Kohei Yamamoto, Toshi Taka Ikeshoji, Kazuya Nakamura, and Makiko Yonehara. "Melting and Solidification Behavior of High-Strength Aluminum Alloy during Selective Laser Melting." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1300–1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1300.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been dramatically attracted attention because of advantages in building free-shaped parts and simplification of manufacturing process. Recently the most relevant alloys, such as TiAl6V4, Inconel 718, AlSi10Mg and so on, are able to manufacture the parts using metal AM technology. However high-strength 2024, 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys are difficult to fabricate using selective laser melting (SLM) owing to solidification cracking during solidification. In this research, the melting and solidification behaviors of AlSi10Mg alloy during SLM process were observed under various fabrication conditions of laser power and scan speed using a high-speed camera. It was found that the melting and solidification behavior of the alloy is greatly different by the fabrication conditions. And also the mechanism of solidification cracking in 2024 and 6061 aluminum alloys is investigated by the observation of the surface morphology and microstructure of the alloys using OM, SEM and EDS, comparing with Al10SiMg alloy. As a result, crack-free 2024 and 6061 aluminum alloy parts can be obtained by fabrication at the higer enrgy density.
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Lalpoor, Mehdi, Dmitry G. Eskin, Hallvard Gustav Fjær, Andreas Ten Cate, Nick Ontijt, and Laurens Katgerman. "Application of a Criterion for Cold Cracking to Casting High Strength Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1432.

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Direct chill (DC) casting of high strength 7xxx series aluminum alloys is difficult mainly due to solidification cracking (hot cracks) and solid state cracking (cold cracks). Poor thermal properties along with extreme brittleness in the as-cast condition make DC-casting of such alloys a challenging process. Therefore, a criterion that can predict the catastrophic failure and cold cracking of the ingots would be highly beneficial to the aluminum industry. The already established criteria are dealing with the maximum principal stress component in the ingot and the plane strain fracture toughness (KIc) of the alloy under discussion. In this research work such a criterion was applied to a typical 7xxx series alloy which is highly prone to cold cracking. The mechanical properties, constitutive parameters, as well as the KIc values of the alloy were determined experimentally in the genuine as-cast condition and used as input data for the finite element package ALSIM5. Thermomechanical simulations were run for billets of various diameters and the state of residual thermal stresses was determined. Following the contour maps of the critical crack size gained from the model, the casting conditions were optimized to produce a crack-free billet.
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OHNISHI, Tadakazu, Hiroyuki KOJIMA, Nobuya SEKO, and Kenji HIGASHI. "Stress corrosion cracking of 7075 series aluminum alloys." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 35, no. 6 (1985): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.35.344.

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Abbaschian, Lara, and Milton Sergio Fernandes de Lima. "Cracking susceptibility of aluminum alloys during laser welding." Materials Research 6, no. 2 (June 2003): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392003000200024.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aluminum alloys – Cracking"

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Paramatmuni, Rohit K. "Solidification cracking resistance of high strength aluminum alloys." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2775.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 71 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-56).
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Xiao, Ming. "Mechanism of stress corrosion cracking of aluminum alloy 7079." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19174.

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Yamada, Kazuo. "Stress corrosion cracking behavior of aluminum alloy 7079 in region II." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19078.

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Scott, Brian E.-S. "THE ROLE OF STRESS IN THE CORROSION CRACKING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32897.

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This work examines the effect of stress on the rate of sensitization, the rate of pitting corrosion and the rate of crack nucleation of aluminum alloy 5083-H116 aluminum. Stress corrosion cracking in aluminum superstructures of Naval vessels is a multibillion-dollar maintenance problem, which requires more scientific understanding to better predict and mitigate. To investigate the role of applied stress on these corrosion-related processes, rolled plate of AA5083 was placed under tensile stress through bending while being subject to elevated temperature and salt spray. Nitric acid mass loss tests quantified the amount of sensitization as a function of stress level. Optical micrographs were used to determine the rate of pitting corrosion and crack nucleation while under applied tensile stress. The effect of applied, elastic stress on the degree of sensitization was inconclusive. Applied stress did increase the rate of localized corrosion, in terms of both pitting and intergranular corrosion. Moreover, the orientation of the plate with respect to the applied tensile stress, strongly affected the type and amount of localized corrosion observed. When the tensile stress was applied across the rolling direction, more localized corrosion occurred and intergranular corrosion dominant over pitting.
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Palmer, Benjamin. "Environmentally-Assisted Cracking Response in Field-Retrieved 5XXX Alloys." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1585061712231734.

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Harris, James Joel. "Particle cracking damage evolution in 7075 wrought aluminum alloy under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11222005-144800/.

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Rechberger, Johann. "The transition from stress corrosion cracking to corrosion fatigue in AA-7075 and AA-8090." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30779.

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The effect of crack tip strain rate (CTSR) on environmentally assisted cracking was studied for alloys AA-7075 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) and AA-8090 (Al-Li-Cu-Mg) in the artificially aged condition. Fatigue pre-cracked double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen were employed with the crack plane parallel to the rolling plane. The cracking behaviour under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions was investigated in aqueous sodium chloride solutions with and without additions of sodium chromate as a corrosion mhibitor. CTSR values were described in terms of K-rate ∆K/∆t (ie. dK/dt) as a measured average over the loading period of a fatigue cycle. This allowed a comparison with CTSR's of monotonically increasing load or constant load tests. At frequencies ≤1 Hz, the load was applied with a triangular wave form. A high frequency of 30 Hz was obtained by sinusoidal loading. Expressed as K-rate, CTSR values were varied over 7 orders of magnitude from 10⁵MPa√m/s to 10² MPa√m/s. Stress intensities investigated were mainly around region II values with respect to SCC K-log(da/dt) behaviour. At low K-rates, real time crack velocities (da/dt) measured under monotonic slow loading or constant load conditions were comparable to crack velocities obtained with cyclic loading experiments. As the K-rate was increased from low values, typical of constant load experiments, the real time crack velocities decreased. This was caused by plasticity induced crack growth retardation effects and a decrease in crack tip film rupture events during the unloading part of a cycle. The crack propagation rate decreased until minimal crack advance increments per cycle were dictated by mechanical parameters acting on a hydrogen embrittled crack tip region. Under monotonic loading conditions region II crack velocities were not influenced by an increase in K-rate which was explained with a mass transport controlled cracking process. Tests with alloy 7075 at intermediate K-rates and a high R-ratio of 0.78 allowed a crack tunnelling mechanism to operate. This overcame the plasticity induced crack growth retardation and, therefore, cracks propagated at the same rates as during low K-rate tests where no retardation phenomena were encountered. Scanning electron microscope investigations revealed a striated intergranular fracture surface of alloy 7075 if tested at K-rates above the transition value to K-rate independent crack propagation rates. Individual striations could be matched on opposing fracture surfaces and the striation spacing corresponded to the average crack propagation increment per cycle. The striations, therefore, were formed as part of the crack advance during every fatigue cycle. At the lower K-rates no striations were present but micro tear ridges could be found on the intergranular fracture facets indicating that dissolution processes alone did not cause the intergranular crack advance. Alloy 8090 did not reveal significant changes in fractography over the entire K-rate range investigated, except at the highest K-rates where small interlocking steps could be detected on some opposing transgranular fracture surfaces. In general, however, the crack path at all K-rates was mainly intergranular with dimpled fracture facets. Alloy 8090 exhibited a high resistance to SCC with fatigue pre-cracked DCB specimen. Therefore, to obtain crack velocity values with low K-rate monotonic loading tests very long test durations would have been necessary. It is concluded that the transition from intergranular SCC to intergranular CF occurs at a critical K-rate. Below the critical K-rate crack velocities are not increased by cyclic loading. Instead crack growth retardation effects can result in lower real time crack velocities than those typical for constant load tests at comparable stress intensities but much lower K-rates.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Borchers, Tyler Edward. "Weldability and Corrosion of 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471362806.

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Balasundaram, Arunkumar. "Effect of stress state and strain on particle cracking damage evolution in 5086 wrought al-alloy." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14809.

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Tirkes, Suha. "Hot Cracking Susceptibility Of Twin Roll Cast Al-mg Alloys." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611202/index.pdf.

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Increasing use of aluminum alloys in the automotive industry increases the importance of the production of sheet aluminum. To provide cost effective sheet aluminum to the industry, twin-roll casting (TRC) is becoming more important compared to DC casting. Demand for usage of different aluminum alloys in sheet form introduces some difficulties that should be considered during their applications. The main problem encountered during the welding of aluminum alloys is hot cracking. The aim of this study is to understand the difference in hot cracking susceptibility of two twin roll cast (TRC) aluminum-magnesium alloys (5754 and 5049 alloys) during welding. Varestraint test method was used to evaluate the effect of welding parameters, strain levels, filler alloys and mid-plane segregation on hot cracking susceptibilities. Hot cracking susceptibility of both 5049(Al-2wt%Mg) and 5754(Al-3wt%Mg) alloys increased with increasing strain level. Also, it was observed that hot cracking susceptibility was higher for the alloy having higher magnesium content. Thermal analysis results verified that hot cracking susceptibility indeed can be related to the v solidification range. As is suggested in the solidification range approach, the results of the present study confirm that the extent of solidification and liquation cracking depend on the magnitude of solidification range and the strain imposed during welding. Hot cracking susceptibility of 5754(Al-3wt%Mg) alloy has shown slightly decreasing behavior with addition of 5356 filler alloy. On the other hand, addition of 5183 filler alloy has increased solidification cracking susceptibility of two base alloys. The fracture surfaces of liquation and solidification cracks were investigated by scanning electron microscope with EDS. Liquation crack surfaces of the 5754(Al-3wt%Mg) alloy were found to have high Mg and Si content. For the 5754(Al-3wt%Mg) alloy, a quench test was designed to observe the effect of mid-plane segregation zone. It was observed that there was a eutectic reaction resulting in formation of liquid phase below solidus temperature of 5754(Al-3wt%Mg) alloy. Moreover, internal cracks have formed at the mid-plane segregation zone after Varestraint test. Results show that 5049(Al-2wt%Mg) alloy should be chosen compared to 5754(Al-3wt%Mg) alloy for welding. Moreover, low line energy should be applied and filler alloys with high magnesium content should be used during welding to decrease hot cracking tendency of welds.
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Books on the topic "Aluminum alloys – Cracking"

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Mann, J. Y. Influence of hole surface finish, cyclic frequency and spectrum severity on the fatigue behaviour of thick section aluminium alloy pin joints (U). Melbourne, Victoria: Aeronautical Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Gross, Jürgen. Eigenschaften von Aluminium-Silicium-Legierungen in unterschiedlichen Behandlungszuständen unter besonderer Beachtung des Gefügeeinflusses auf die Festigkeitswerte und auf das Bruchverhalten. Berlin: Wissenschaft und Technik Verlag, 1992.

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Kolkman, H. J. Stress corrosion resistance of damage tolerant aluminum-lithium sheet materials. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1991.

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Schra, L. Long-term outdoor stress corrosion testing of overaged 7000 series aluminium alloys. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1988.

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Schra, L. Effect of cooling rate on corrosion properties of high strength aluminium alloys under atmospheric conditions. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1990.

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Kolkman, H. J. Microstructural and fractographic analysis of fatigue crack propagation in 2024-T351 and 2324-T39. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1985.

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Gangloff, R. P. NASA-UVa light aerospace alloy and structures technology program (LA²ST). [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Gangloff, R. P. NASA-UVa light aerospace alloy and structures technology program (LA²ST). [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Gangloff, R. P. NASA-UVa light aerospace alloy and structures technology program (LA²ST). [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Moss, A. C. The correlation of acoustic electrochemical and mechanical transients during the environmentally assisted cracking of aluminium-zinc-magnesium alloys. Manchester: UMIST, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aluminum alloys – Cracking"

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Kou, S., V. Firouzdor, and I. W. Haygood. "Hot Cracking in Welds of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys." In Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III, 3–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2_1.

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Kah, Paul, Jukka Martikainen, Esa Hiltunen, Fisseha Brhane, and Victor Karkhin. "Hot Cracking Susceptibility of Wrought 6005 and 6082 Aluminum Alloys." In Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III, 59–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2_4.

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Bavarian, Behzad, Jia Zhang, and Lisa Reiner. "Corrosion Inhibition of Stress Corrosion Cracking and Localized Corrosion of Turbo-Expander Materials." In ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys, 405–15. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118495292.ch60.

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Ajay Krishnan, M., and V. S. Raja. "Mitigating Environmentally Assisted Cracking in 7xxx Cu Containing Aluminum Alloys." In A Treatise on Corrosion Science, Engineering and Technology, 223–36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9302-1_13.

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Niel, A., F. Deschaux-Beaume, C. Bordreuil, G. Fras, and J. M. Drezet. "Hot Tearing Test for TIG Welding of Aluminum Alloys: Application of a Stress Parallel to the Fusion Line." In Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III, 43–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2_3.

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Balokhonov, Ruslan R., and Varvara A. Romanova. "Microstructure-Based Computational Analysis of Deformation and Fracture in Composite and Coated Materials Across Multiple Spatial Scales." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 377–419. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_17.

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AbstractA multiscale analysis is performed to investigate deformation and fracture in the aluminum-alumina composite and steel with a boride coating as an example. Model microstructure of the composite materials with irregular geometry of the matrix-particle and substrate-coating interfaces correspondent to the experimentally observed microstructure is taken into account explicitly as initial conditions of the boundary value problem that allows introducing multiple spatial scales. The problem in a plane strain formulation is solved numerically by the finite-difference method. Physically-based constitutive models are developed to describe isotropic strain hardening, strain rate and temperature effects, Luders band propagation and jerky flow, and fracture. Local regions experiencing bulk tension are found to occur during compression that control cracking of composites. Interrelated plastic strain localization in the steel substrate and aluminum matrix and crack origination and growth in the ceramic coating and particles are shown to depend on the strain rate, particle size and arrangement, as well as on the loading direction: tension or compression.
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D'Elia, F., A. Lombardi, C. Ravindran, D. Sediako, and K. P. Rao. "Assessment of Hot Cracking during TIG Welding of B206 Aluminum Alloy." In Light Metals 2014, 195–99. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888438.ch34.

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D’Elia, F., A. Lombardi, C. Ravindran, D. Sediako, and K. P. Rao. "Assessment of Hot Cracking During Tig Welding of B206 Aluminum Alloy." In Light Metals 2014, 195–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48144-9_34.

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Katgerman, L. "A Mathematical Model for Hot Cracking of Aluminium Alloys During D.C. Casting." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 907–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48228-6_114.

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Katgerman, L. "A Mathematical Model for Hot Cracking of Aluminium Alloys during DC Casting." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 907–11. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647783.ch114.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aluminum alloys – Cracking"

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Kutsuna, Muneharu, Keiichiro Shido, and Takeshi Okada. "Fan shaped cracking test of aluminum alloys in laser welding." In LAMP 2002: International Congress on Laser Advanced Materials Processing, edited by Isamu Miyamoto, Kojiro F. Kobayashi, Koji Sugioka, Reinhart Poprawe, and Henry Helvajian. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.497901.

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San Marchi, Chris, Martina Schwarz, and Joseph Ronevich. "Effect of High-Pressure Hydrogen and Water Impurity on Aluminum Alloys." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21277.

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Abstract Aluminum alloys are desirable in mobile fuel cell applications due to the combination of strength, hydrogen resistance, and low density. In dry hydrogen environments, the fatigue and fracture resistance of common structural aluminum alloys are not degraded compared to air environments. However, aluminum alloys can be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in humid air, which raises questions about the potential deleterious effects of moisture impurities in high-pressure hydrogen environments. While this study does not address the effects of the air environment on aluminum hydrogen pressure components, we assess the fracture resistance of aluminum alloys in high-pressure hydrogen containing known amount of water. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen at pressure up to 100 MPa is shown to have no effect on elastic-plastic fracture measurements of common high-strength aluminum alloys in tempers designed for resistance to stress corrosion cracking. Complementary sustained load cracking tests in high-pressure hydrogen were also performed in gaseous hydrogen at pressure of approximately 100 MPa with water content near the maximum allowed in hydrogen standards for fuel cell vehicles. These tests show no evidence of environmental-assisted cracking at loading conditions approaching the onset of unstable fracture in this configuration. In summary, typical moisture content in fuel cell grade hydrogen (< 5 ppm) do not promote hydrogen-assisted fracture or stress corrosion cracking in the tested aluminum alloys.
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Li, Zhuoqun, and Xin Wu. "Inner Surface Cracking of an Aluminum Alloy in Small-Radius Bending." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42976.

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Aluminum alloys, due to their low density, high strength to weight ratio and formability, are widely used in automotive components. At present, most of the sheet alloy being used is AA6111; an Al-Mg-Si alloy with addition of Cu. AA6111. These alloys contain micrometer sized inclusions and second phase particles, with good combination of strength and formability [1]. However, at the same time, the formability of AA6111 is also limited because of these micro-sized inclusions and second phase particles [2]. To improve the formability of sheet metal used as automotive body such as panels, a newer alloy AA6022 containing nano-sized strengthening precipitates and enhanced formability has been developed. A number of research works have been done on the precipitation sequences and phase development during aging of these alloys. Recently Miao and Laughlin have reported that the precipitation sequence in the AA6022 is in the following reaction: solid solution α → GP zones → β″ → β′ + lath-like precipitate ← β + Si [3, 4]. As to AA6111, the sequence of precipitation is believed to initiate with the metastable phases, β″ and β′ leading to the equilibrium β phase. The structure and composition of the β phase have been well established to be of the fluorite structure with a composition Mg2Si [5–7]. Recent works also report the presence of a quaternary phase, Q and its metastable precursor, Q′ in the precipitation sequence [8]. The aim of this report is to find the relationship between the microstructure and the failure of the hole expanded and small angle bended samples. We will report a finding of inner surface fracture during small-radius bending due to the tensile residual stress development in the inner surface.
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Garcia, Eduardo, and Calvin M. Stewart. "Stress Corrosion Cracking in Generic Aluminum Foil Under 3.5% NaCl Solution." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66296.

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Recently, there has been an interest in aluminum alloys by many industrial areas as an environmentally-friendly material reducing environment pollution. Now, especially for maritime industries aluminum alloys are in the spotlight for ship construction instead of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) or even stainless steel. Aluminum alloy ships are fast, lightweight, and exhibit a great load capacity when compared to traditional steel hulls. The Navy’s number one problem is maintenance due to corrosion impact. Annual combined costs of corrosion for army ground vehicles and navy ships range around $6.14B/year. Corrosion impacts the readiness of most Navy systems and is a major factor contributor to life cycle cost. Hence the vision for corrosion technologies is to develop and implement corrosion control and prevention technologies to minimize the impact of material deterioration and maintenance costs. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and environment-induced cracking (EIC) has been extensively investigated using various methods to improve performance, designs, and service life for these structures. Present interested research areas are advanced smart coatings technologies for corrosion control and prevention of its effects under sea water and marine environments. With the rapid development of modern technology, foil metals have found applications in a variety of areas. The mechanical behavior of these materials may be different from that of bulk materials due to size effects. Therefore, models and conclusions for bulk characterization might not be applicable when analyzing foil materials. The purpose of this experiment is to describe and examine the susceptibility of aluminum alloy foil to stress corrosion cracking under 3.5% w.t NaCl solution. Mechanical properties of aluminum specimens were investigated using slow strain rate tests of 0.001 mm/min under load control while inside an environmental chamber at a flow rate of 150 ml/min. Smooth specimen samples with thickness of 0.0508 mm were subjected to monotonic tensile tests until fracture in ambient air and under corrosive solution environment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze stress corrosion cracking and crack propagation observing the different microstructural and intergranular fracture deformations. A digital microscope camera was used to observe and perform an analysis on the corroded specimen surface. A comparison of stress, strain, and time results of fracture between air and 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature were calculated to demonstrate the susceptibility of the aluminum material to SCC. Test standards regarding stress corrosion cracking in metal foils are still limited.
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Ali, Hessein, Zachary Stein, Quentin Fouliard, Hossein Ebrahimi, Peter Warren, Seetha Raghavan, and Ranajay Ghosh. "Computational Model of Mechano-Electrochemical Effect of Aluminum Alloys Corrosion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59681.

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Abstract Stress corrosion is a critical issue that leads to high costs in lost equipment and maintenance, affecting the operation and safety of aircraft platforms. Most aerospace structural components use the aluminum alloys 7xxx series, which contain Al, Cu, Zn, and Mg, due to the combined advantage of its high-strength and lightweight. However, such alloys, specifically AA7075-T4 and AA7075-T651, are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) when exposed to both mechanical stresses and corrosive environments. SCC gives rise to a major technological challenge affecting aerospace systems as it leads to the degradation of mechanical properties. In addition, such corrosion presents an important yet complex modeling challenge due to the synergistic action of sustained tensile stresses and an aggressive environment. In light of this, we develop a finite element (FE) multiphysics model to investigate the interplay of mechanical loading and electrochemistry on the stress corrosion of aluminum alloys. The model includes a multiphysics coupling technique through which the kinetics of corrosion can be predicted in the presence of elastic and plastic deformation modes. The presented model provides useful information towards the kinetics of corrosion via tracking localized corrosion and stress distribution. Although the model is general, it has been made considering the characteristics of AA7xxx series, more specifically, taking AA7075.
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Anderson, Bruce, Tony Anderson, Galen White, and Patrick Berube. "New Development in Aluminum Welding Wire - Alloy 4943." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2012-p16.

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Aluminum alloy 4943 filler metal is the first aluminum filler alloy to be developed for wrought commercial applications since the 1960’s and has recently received AWS A5.10 approval. It is designed to provide a high strength alternative to 4043 while maintaining the ease of welding and other advantages of 4043. Alloy 4043 filler metal is a popular aluminum/silicon filler alloy for general purpose welding applications but can show significant variability in strength based on welding conditions and the level of base metal dilution. Alloy 4943 filler metal is formulated to be welded with the same weld procedure specifications as 4043, address 4043 shortcomings while maintaining the same excellent corrosion characteristics, low melting temperature, low shrinkage rate, higher fluidity, and low hot cracking sensitivity in most applications. Alloy 4943 welds exhibit low welding smut and low discoloration similar to 4043. In addition to the higher as welded strength, the new 4943 filler alloy is heat treatable and has demonstrated its improved strength characteristics in the post weld solution heat treated and artificially aged condition when compared to the currently used heat treatable filler alloy 4643, which has been generally employed for welding the 6xxx series base materials that are post weld heat treated. This article explains the test results of this alloy development project, shows the alloy properties compared to the traditional filler metal alloys and offers potential applications and benefits. The fundamentals of aluminum-silicon alloys are also presented. Also included are 4043 baseline test results highlighting 4043 property variability susceptibility from the weld procedure.
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Ogawa, Takeshi, Shota Hasunuma, Naoki Sogawa, Taiki Yoshida, Toshihiko Kanezaki, and Satomi Mano. "Characteristics of Fatigue Crack Growth and Stress Corrosion Cracking in Aggressive Environments of Aluminum Alloys for Hydrogen Gas Containers." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28236.

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Hydrogen gas container is one of the critical components for fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), which is expected for CO2-free personal transportation. In order to choose an appropriate material for its metal boss and liner, crack growth resistance should be evaluated for various aspects such as fatigue crack growth (FCG) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in salt water or humid air environments for the purpose of commercial vehicle use. In the present study, FCG tests were carried out for A6061 and A6066 alloys in laboratory air and in 3.5% NaCl solution for compact (CT) and single edge notched (SEN) specimens. Some SEN specimens were cut from machined hydrogen container made of A6066 at the neck and the shoulder locations. SCC tests were carried out for A6061, A6066 and A6351 (fine and coarse grains) alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution and in humid air for CT specimen.
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8

Galoni, Myrto K., George Gougoulidis, Dimitrios Pantelis, and Spyors Papaefthymiou. "Examination of Sensitization on 5xxx Series Aluminum Alloy Sheets from Structural Parts of Hellenic Navy High-Speed Craft." In SNAME 7th International Symposium on Ship Operations, Management and Economics. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/some-2021-005.

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Al - Mg alloys are extensively used as structural materials in marine applications. Sensitization has emerged as a severe concern during the operation of aluminum vessels, due to the consequent high susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion - IGC. Herein, a detailed study of sensitization on naturally sensitized, field retrieved, Al-Mg alloy samples, is presented. Specifically, samples from four Hellenic Navy - HN high speed vessels were tested according to ASTM G67 in order to quantify their Degree of Sensitization - DoS and qualified, in terms of grain boundaries (GBs) coverage with β phase with microstructural observation using Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM and light optical microscopy. Consequently, the correlation of DoS value to the external factors that affect it becomes possible. Remarkably, material under investigation has significantly diverse chemical composition, compared to common marine grade aluminum alloys. Ultimately, correlation of Stress Corrosion Cracking behavior with the microstructure is discussed.
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Hackel, Lloyd A., C. Brent Dane, Fritz Harris, Jon Rankin, and Chanh Truong. "Transportable Laser Peening System for Field Applications to Improve Fatigue and SCC Resistance of Offshore Components and Structures." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93334.

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Laser peening technology has matured into a fully qualified production process that is now in routine and reliable use for a range of aerospace alloys. The technology is capable of extending the fatigue life and stress corrosion cracking life of components, and will enable designers to consider higher stress levels in life limited designs. Applications under development for steels include high and medium strength steels used in off shore oil exploration and production, titanium, aluminum and even ceramics and plastics as well as life extension of steel and aluminum welds. Fixed systems to treat components and transportable systems capable of field operations are available with a moveable beam that allows peening directly as needed on large structures.
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Ogawa, Takeshi, Yuki Sugiyama, Toshihiko Kanezaki, and Noboru Hayashi. "Characteristics of Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth in Salt Water of Aluminum Alloys for Hydrogen Gas Containers." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97259.

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A hydrogen gas container is one of the critical components for fuel cell vehicles (FCV), which is expected for CO2-free personal transportation. In the early stage of commercial FCV, the major container structure will be a compressed hydrogen gas cylinder, which consists of metal or plastic linear with metal boss and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). In order to choose an appropriate material for the metal boss and metal liner, corrosion resistance should be evaluated for various aspects such as corrosion fatigue crack growth (CFCG) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in the high pressure hydrogen as well as in salt water environment for the purpose of vehicle use. In the present study, CFCG characteristics were evaluated for several aluminum alloys in air and in salt waters with various concentrations. The results showed that the crack growth rates were accelerated in salt water for all the materials and their environmental sensitivities were compared. The concentrations of the salt water exhibited minor effect on the fatigue crack growth rates. These CFCG characteristics were compared with the corrosion test results based on the ISO 7866 Annex A [1]. A basic idea was proposed for the evaluation of compressed hydrogen gas containers and the important material properties were suggested.
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Reports on the topic "Aluminum alloys – Cracking"

1

Lee, E. U., R. Taylor, C. Lei, B. Pregger, and E. Lipnickas. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Aluminum Alloys. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568598.

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2

Thompson, A. W., and I. M. Bernstein. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Wrought and P/M High Strength Aluminum Alloys. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada174435.

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3

Koch, Gerhardus H., Elise L. Hagerdorn, and Alan P. Berens. Effect of Preexisting Corrosion on Fatigue Cracking of Aluminum Alloys 2024-T3 and 7075-T6. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430616.

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4

Kim, J. G., and R. A. Buchanan. Localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking characteristics of a low-aluminum-content iron-aluminum alloy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10195052.

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