Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aluminum alloy AA2219

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Academic literature on the topic 'Aluminum alloy AA2219'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Aluminum alloy AA2219"

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Sysoev, O. E., D. G. Kolykhalov, E. A. Kuznetsоv, and S. V. Belykh. "Forecasting Durability and Cyclic Strength of Aluminum Alloy AA2219 Using Fractal Analysis of Acoustic Emission." KnE Materials Science 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v1i1.579.

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<p>Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was used to examine the fatigue failure of aluminum alloy AA2219 under cyclic loading. AE fractal analysis revealed separate sources of elastic waves on the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of the deformed material. The correlation between the number of AE hits, revealed during the first loading cycle, from the AE sources was shown on the macrolevel and the number of loading cycles, leading to the destruction of the sample. Results achieved allow forecasting durability of materials made of AA2219 alloy right after the first loading half-cycle.</p>
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BABU, K. KAMAL, K. PANNEERSELVAM, P. SATHIYA, A. NOORUL HAQ, S. SUNDARRAJAN, P. MASTANAIAH, and C. V. SRINIVASA MURTHY. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON FRICTION STIR WELDING OF CRYOROLLED AA2219 ALUMINUM ALLOY JOINTS." Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 01 (December 22, 2016): 1750001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17500019.

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In this paper, experimental investigation on cryorolled aluminum AA2219-T87 plate by using friction stir welding (FSW) process is carried out. AA2219-T87 plates with a size of 200[Formula: see text]100[Formula: see text]22.4 mm were rolled and reduced to 12.2[Formula: see text]mm thickness (more than 45% of reduction in total thickness of the base material) at cryogenic temperature (operating temperature range [Formula: see text]90–[Formula: see text]30[Formula: see text]C). The cryorolled (CR) plates have reduced grain size, improved hardness and increased corrosion resistance property compared with the uncryorolled AA2219-T87 plates. FSW joints of cryorolled AA2219-T87 plates were prepared using cylindrical threaded FSW tool pin profile. Mechanical and metallurgical behaviors of friction stir welded joints were analyzed and the effects of the FSW process parameters are discussed in this paper. The variation of microhardness in the FSW joint regions were correlated with the microstructure of FSW joints. Cryorolled plate and FSW joints were tested for corrosion resistance using potentiodynamic polarization test. FSW joints shows better result during the corrosion resistance analysis compared to base AA2219-T87. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) test results showed that fine [Formula: see text]-Al grains with eutectic phase (Al2Cu) were present in the weld nugget (WN). The large clusters of strengthening precipitates were reduced in size and merged with the weld nugget portion.
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Lee, Ho Sung, Koo Kil No, Joon Tae Yoo, and Jong Hoon Yoon. "A Study on Friction Stir Welding Process for AA2219/AA2195 Joints." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.339.

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The object of this study was to study mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of AA2219 and AA2195. AA2219 has been used as an aerospace materials for many years primarily due to its high weldability and high specific strength in addition to the excellent cryogenic property so to be successfully used for manufacturing of cryogenic fuel tank for space launcher. Relatively new Aluminum-Lithium alloy, AA2195 provides significant saving on weight and manufacturing cost with application of friction stir welding. Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process, which use a spinning tool to produce frictional heat in the work piece. To investigate the effect of the rotation direction of the tool, the joining was performed by switching the positions of the two dissimilar alloys. The welding parameters include the travelling speed, rotation speed and rotation direction of the tool, and the experiment was conducted under the condition that the travelling speed of the tool was 120-300 mm/min and the rotation speed of the tool was 400-800 rpm. Tensile tests were conducted to study the strength of friction stir welded joints and microhardness were measured with microstructural analysis. The results indicate the failure occurred in the relatively weaker TMAZ/HAZ interface of AA2219. The optimum process condition was obtained at the rotation speed of 600-800 rpm and the travelling speed of 180-240 mm/min.
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Gupta, R. K., R. Panda, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, V. Anil Kumar, P. Sankaravelayutham, and Koshy M. George. "Study of Aluminum Alloy AA2219 After Heat Treatment." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 57, no. 5-6 (September 2015): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11041-015-9888-0.

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Jeganlal, G., H. M. Umer, and K. Thyagarajan. "Effects of Porosity on Strength of Aluminum Alloy 2219." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.618.

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This paper gives the effects of single and multiple pore on the strength of AA2219 welds. Single and double pores are created on welded specimens and tested to study the effects. Also finite element analysis carriedout to correlate the experimental results with theory
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Kaibyshev, Rustam, and I. Mazurina. "Mechanisms of Grain Refinement in Aluminum Alloys during Severe Plastic Deformation." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 1251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.1251.

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The mechanisms of grain refinement during severe plastic deformation have been studied, by comparing the microstructure evolution in an AA2219 aluminium alloy, containing Al3Zr nanoscale particles, with that in a dilute Al-3%Cu alloy deformed identically by equalchannel angular extrusion (ECAE) at 250oC to a maximum strain of ~12. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used on the AA2219 alloy to reveal the misorientations of deformationinduced boundaries. Microstructural evolution in the Al-3%Cu alloy was studied by electron-back scattering diffraction (EBSD) orientation mapping. It was shown that the mechanism of grain refinement in the AA2219 alloy is continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) consisting of two main elementary processes. In the initial stages of plastic deformation, the formation of threedimensional arrays of low-angle boundaries (LABs) takes place. Further strain results in increasing misorientation of these boundaries providing their gradual transformation into high-angle boundaries (HABs). A fully recrystallized structure with an average grain size of ~0.9 µm is evolved after a total strain of ~12. In the dilute Al-Cu alloy the evolution of ultrafine grains with an average size of ~6 µm is attributed to the formation of deformation bands outlined by HABs and extended medium to high-angle boundaries at moderate strains. The subdivision of these deformation bands into fine grains rarely occurs through the mechanism of geometric recrystallization (GRX). In this alloy the main contribution in the grain refinement gives CDRX occurring within fibrous structural features. At e~12, a partially recrystallized structure is formed in the Al-3%Cu alloy.
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Li, Xin, Tian Gan, Zhong Qi Yu, and Yi Xi Zhao. "Tensile Deformation Behaviors of Aluminum Alloy 2219 at High Temperatures from 415°C to 515°C." Defect and Diffusion Forum 385 (July 2018): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.385.403.

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This study is carried out to provide detailed hot deformation information on aluminum alloy AA2219-O. The uniaxial tensile tests are carried out to study the hot deformation behaviors. The test temperature ranges from 415°C to 515°C, and the strain rates are 0.001s-1 and 0.01s-1. Additionally, the analysis of the strain rate sensitivity coefficient indicates that the AA2219-O exhibits the trend of superplasticity at temperatures above 475°C.
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He, Yan Hong, Zhen Duo Cui, Xian Jin Yang, Sheng Li Zhu, Zhao Yang Li, and Yan Qin Liang. "Corrosion Behavior and Microstructure of Pd Ions Doped Cerium Conversion Coating on AA2219-T87 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1090 (February 2015): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1090.79.

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In this paper, Pd ions doped cerium conversion coating (CeCC/Pd) was deposited on AA2219-T87 aluminum alloy by electroplating. The microstructure and composition of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Corrosion behavior of AA2219-T87 aluminum alloy with the coating was investigated in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution at the room temperature. XRD and XPS results indicate the existence of cerium-oxide and palladium-oxide in the CeCC/Pd. Polarization curves show that the CeCC/Pd exhibits excellent corrosion resistance. The corrosion current density of the CeCC/Pd decreases by two orders of magnitude compared with the CeCC. The improvement of corrosion resistance would be attributed to the small grain size, good compactness and adhesive strength of the composite coatings.
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Arora, K. S., S. Pandey, M. Schaper, and R. Kumar. "Microstructure Evolution during Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy AA2219." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 26, no. 8 (January 2010): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-0302(10)60118-1.

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Santhana Babu, A. V., P. K. Giridharan, P. Ramesh Narayanan, and S. V. S. Narayana Murty. "Microstructural Investigations on ATIG and FBTIG Welding of AA 2219 T87 Aluminum Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.489.

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Limitation in penetration depth is a concern in conventional TIG welding process. To improve penetration capability of TIG process, both Activated TIG (ATIG) and Flux Bounded TIG (FBTIG) are investigated in aluminum alloy AA 2219 T87. Undesirable arc wandering and cracking tendency are observed in ATIG welds. Microstructural investigation reveals ATIG welds are prone for liquation cracks. Morphology of the cracks along with the attributable factors are explained with optical and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) micrographs. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) results are also presented to explain the solute enrichment in the grain boundaries of the ATIG welds. FBTIG is found to produce good quality welds and is more suitable for welding aluminum alloys. Key words: Flux Assisted TIG; ATIG; FBTIG; Penetration Improvement; Microstructure; AA2219.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aluminum alloy AA2219"

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Vasudevan, Satish. "AN INVESTIGATION OF QUASI-STATIC BEHAVIOR, HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE AND FINAL FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OFALUMINUM ALLOY 2024 AND ALUMINUM ALLOY 2219." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1193668130.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
"December, 2007." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 02/23/2008) Advisor, T. S. Srivatsan; Faculty readers, Craig Menzemer, Amit Prakash; Department Chair, Celal Batur; Dean of the College, George K. Haritos; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Qian, Daishu. "Microstructure and corrosion performance of excimer laser-melted AA2124-T4 aluminium alloy and SiCp/AA2124-T4 composite." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/microstructure-and-corrosion-performance-of-excimer-lasermelted-aa2124t4-aluminium-alloy-and-sicpaa2124t4-composite(705f8af9-2a7c-4188-91e4-fcf33d8f76f0).html.

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The present work studies the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of 25 vol.% SiCp/AA2124-T4 metal matrix composites (MMCs) and AA2124-T4 aluminium alloy; and also the capability of excimer laser surface melting (LSM) to improve the corrosion resistance of the SiCp/AA2124 MMC and the monolithic alloy (MA). Microstructural characterization has shown significant influence of the presence and size of SiC particles on the fine Al2Cu precipitate and Mg segregation at SiC/Al interfacial regions. Such precipitates are revealed to be active sites for corrosion initiation in the MMCs, while the preferential sites for corrosion initiation in the MA are the coarse intermetallics. Corrosion evaluation performed in a 0.6 M NaCl solution suggests that the corrosion resistance of the MMC reinforced with micrometre-sized SiC particles is inferior to that of the MA and the MMC reinforced with submicrometre-sized SiC particles. The submicrometre-sized SiC particles have little adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the MMC due to the reduced interfacial precipitates. Thin films of up to several micrometres have been achieved by excimer LSM on both the MMC and the MA. The surface roughness and the thickness of the melted layer increase with increasing laser fluence. High number of pulses (40 P) results in significant porosity in the MA and networks of cracking in the MMC. A homogeneous layer without chemical segregation except the Cu-rich segregation bands has been obtained on the MA; while complex microstructures are observed for the MMC, including the Cu-rich segregation bands, Al-Si eutectic structure and microsegregation-free structure laid in sequence from the bottom of the melted layer to the top surface. The modelling work suggest that the presence of SiC particles gives rise in high temperatures in the melt pool, which is useful to explain the materials responses upon laser irradiation, such as decomposition of SiC, evaporation of matrix alloy, and oxides formation. The fast cooling rate up to 1011 K/s is responsible for the formation of microsegregation-free structure. Corrosion evaluation has indicated improvement of corrosion resistance of the MMC and the MA after excimer LSM due to the reduction of the intermetallics. For the laser-melted MA, the corrosion behaviour is governed by the surface morphology and the porosity. The significant rippled structure obtained under high laser fluence could lead to crevice corrosion in the valley between the ripples whilst the pores could provide penetrating routes for the chloride solution to reach the Cu-rich segregation bands, leading to the delamination of the melted layer. For the laser-melted MMC, corrosion mainly initiated at the SiC remnants, which are rich in Si. The corrosion sites of the laser-melted MMC are in the form of small cracked blisters.
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Poudel, Amir. "Dissimilar Joining of Al (AA2139) – Mg (WE43) Alloys Using Friction Stir Welding." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955064/.

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This research demonstrates the use of friction stir welding (FSW) to join dissimilar (Al-Mg) metal alloys. The main challenges in joining different, dissimilar metal alloys is the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the stir zone affecting mechanical properties of joint significantly. In this present study, FSW joining process is used to join aluminum alloy AA2139 and magnesium alloy WE43. The 9.5 mm thick plates of AA2139 and WE43 were friction stir butt welded. Different processing parameters were used to optimize processing parameters. Also, various weldings showed a crack at interface due to formation of IMCs caused by liquation during FSW. A good strength sound weld was obtained using processing parameter of 1200 rev/min rotational speed; 76.2 mm/min traverse speed; 1.5 degree tilt and 0.13 mm offsets towards aluminum. The crack faded away as the tool was offset towards advancing side aluminum. Mostly, the research was focused on developing high strength joint through microstructural control to reduce IMCs thickness in Al-Mg dissimilar weld joint with optimized processing parameter and appropriate tool offset.
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Klages, Holli K. "The "Lazy S" feature in Friction Stir Welding of AA2099 Aluminum-Lithium alloy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FKlages.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): McNelley, Terry. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 22, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p.45). Also available in print.
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Padgett, Barbara Nicole. "Investigation into the stress corrosion cracking properties of AA2099, an Al-Li-Cu alloy." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1204515486.

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Jurak, Sarah F. "Statistical analysis of the mechanical properties of Friction Stir Welded AA2024 and AA2198 aluminum alloys." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5181.

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This thesis presents an analysis of data based on the results of a previous study into the path independence of friction stir welding (FSW). The original study was conducted in two phases using AA2024 and AA2198 aluminum alloy material. In Phase I, welds were made with six different tool designs, and tensile data was entered into Statgraphics® software as part of a design of experiments (DOE) approach for the purpose of optimizing the weld parameter process windows for each tool design. Phase II included a round robin study where welds were produced at four sites to evaluate site-to-site variability. In the present study, testing of the welds included additional tensile testing, full-field microhardness testing, and conductivity testing of the welds produced in the prior two phases of the program. The welds were inspected for defects, and the method of failure on the tensile specimens is discussed. Tensile data was evaluated statistically using Statgraphics® software. Previously, as part of Phase I, that data was evaluated using the techniques of chapter nine of the Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS), and design allowables were calculated at that time. In the present study, Phase II data was compared using the design allowables from Phase I. Variability was not found to be significant when evaluated according to location of the tensile coupon along the weld joint line or as a function of weld parameters in the process window. Although site-to-site variability was significant, it was low, with the highest variation for each material being 2 to 5.5 ksi. No significant outliers were identified. There is evidence that the friction stir welding process is path-independent and that a defect-free weld is uniform in tensile strength from beginning to end. There is also evidence that a DOE approach can be used to optimize the weld parameter process window for any tool in order to identify a range of weld parameters where a defect-free weld can be produced.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
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Hanna, Benjamin. "Investigation Into the Localized Corrosion of Aluminum-Copper-Lithium Alloy 2099." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534749550969422.

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Reed, Jordan Derek. "Ultrasonic Processing of Aluminum 2139 and 7050." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248496/.

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Acoustics is the study of all sound waves, with ultrasound classified as those frequencies above 20,000 Hz. Currently, ultrasound is being used in many industries for a variety of purposes such as ultrasonic imaging, ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding, and ultrasonic spot welding. Despite these uses, the effects of ultrasound on phase stability and resultant mechanical properties has been minimally analyzed. Here we study the impact waves play in ultrasonic welding and design an apparatus to maximize waves entering aluminum alloy samples. Aluminum 2139 and 7050 are used because they are precipitation strengthened by metastable phases so temperature change, and the corresponding phase stability, can greatly impact their strength. Results suggest that the ultrasonic welder primarily imposes a localized temperature spike due to friction, averaging over 200°C in a few seconds, which generally lowers the Vickers hardness due to coarsening or even dissolution of strengthening precipitates. Conversely, the new design increases the Vickers hardness by up to 30% over the initial hardness of approximately 63HV for aluminum 2139 and 83HV for aluminum 7050, respectively, while only increasing the temperature by an average of approximately 10°C. This new design was unable to achieve peak hardness, but the strengthening it achieved in two minutes was equivalent to one month of natural aging. If this system was able to be fine-tuned, it could serve as a quick strengthening process for recently weakened aluminum alloys, such as after friction stir welding.
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Silva, Renato Rafael 1983. "Produção de esponjas metalicas por tixoconformação em pre-formas removiveis e sua caracterização mecanico-metalurgica." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263601.

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Orientador: Maria Helena Robert
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-08T18:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RenatoRafaelda_M.pdf: 15646556 bytes, checksum: 19ff8cd2fd9081ac7985bc44c94795f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o processo de produção de esponjas metalicas por tixoconformacao em pré-formas removiveis e caracterizacao mecanico-metalurgica do produto, visando a compreensão da influencia de parametros de processo nas suas caracteristicas estruturais e propriedades. A liga empregada, AA2011, foi infiltrada sobre pre-formas de particulas de NaCl de granulometrias distintas, sinterizadas ou soltas. As esponjas metalicas produzidas foram caracterizadas quanto a sua arquitetura, propriedades fisicas (densidade real e relativa, condutividade e difusividade termicas) e mecanicas (tensão de compressão, modulo de Young, tensão no plato, deformação e energia de impacto absorvida); foi analisada a influencia do tipo de pre-forma utilizada para produção das esponjas, nestas caracteristicas e propriedades. Os resultados mostraram boa reprodutibilidade do processo, principalmente quando da utilização de pre-formas de partículas medias e grosseiras nao sinterizadas. A densidade da esponja e a espessura da parede celular apresentam tendencia a aumentar com o aumento das dimensões das celulas produzidas em preformas de particulas mais grosseiras. Todas as amostras produzidas apresentaram condutividade termica da ordem de 10x inferior e difusividade termica da ordem de 4x superior as do metal maciço. O comportamento das esponjas em compressão estatica ou dinamica se mostrou tipico de materiais celulares, com reduzidos valores de modulo de Young e de tensão de compressão, grande plato de deformação plástica sem acréscimo de tensão, e elevados valores de deformação total e energia absorvida no impacto
Abstract: The aim of this work was the analysis of the thixoforming process to produce metallic sponges and the mechanical and metallurgical characterization of the product, searching for better understanding the influence of processing parameters in the material structural characteristics and properties. The aluminium alloy AA2011 was infiltrated in the semi-solid state into performs of NaCl particles with different sizes and in sintered and non sintered conditions. Cellular products were characterized concerning internal architecture, physical properties (actual and relative densities, thermal conductivity and diffusivity) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, compressive strength, plateau stress and absorbed impact energy); it was analyzed the influence of processing parameters on the properties and characteristics of the produced sponges. Results showed good reproducibility of the process, mainly when medium and coarse non sintered space holder particles were employed. Density of the product as well as cell wall thickness increases as space holder particles sizes increase. All the sponges produced showed low thermal conductivity (~10x inferior compared to the bulk material) and high thermal diffusivity (~3x superior compared to the bulk alloy). Results of static and dynamic compression tests showed typical cellular material behaviour in all cases, presenting low values for Young's modulus and compressive strength, a well defined plateau of plastic deformation, high plastic deformation and high capacity of energy absorption in impact events
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Narayanan, P. Ramesh. "A Study Of Crystallographic Texture, Residual Stresses And Mechanical Property Anisotropy In Aluminium Alloys For Space Applications." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1999.

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Aluminium alloys, which are the most widely used materials in the aircraft and aerospace industries, find their applications due to high strength–to-density ratio, resistance to catastrophic fracture, high degree of toughness, fabricability including good weldability and availability. High strength aluminum alloys are used in different forms like sheets, forgings and extruded rods, welded and machined components in the aerospace industry. One major application of the aluminium alloys in the space sector is in the launch vehicle and satellite sub-systems. The Indian Space Research Organization has met major challenges of indigenization of suitable aluminium alloys, for example, Al-Cu alloys (like AA2219) and Al–Zn-Mg alloys (like AA7075 and AFNOR 7020). Many failures of the metallic sub-systems made of different grades of aluminum alloys have confirmed that high levels of residual stresses and unacceptable microstructures have played a role. Crystallographic texture in these materials has a very significant role to play in the performance of these materials in service. The anisotropy in the mechanical properties caused by crystallographic texture would add to the woes of the existing problems of residual stresses and directionality in the microstructure. In this context, a detailed study of crystallographic texture and residual stresses of high strength aluminium alloys is mandatory. It is also important to study the influence of texture on the anisotropy in mechanical properties. The present research programme aims at addressing some of these aspects. The entire work has been divided in three major sections, namely macro and micro texture analysis, non-destructive measurement of residual stresses using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and the Ultrasonic Testing (UST) and the study of anisotropy in the mechanical properties arising due to the above two factors. The thesis composition is as follows. In Chapter I, a detailed survey of the literature has been presented wherein basic physical metallurgy for different aluminum alloys of interest has been given. Thereafter, details of texture measurement by the X-ray diffraction and Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) are presented. This is followed by a detailed review on the texture studies carried out in aluminium alloys under various conditions. Literature review on the two non-destructive methods, namely the X-ray diffraction and ultrasonic method has been carried out in detail. In order to account for microstructural changes, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was carried out. Recent work on the mechanical property anisotropy arising due to high degree of mechanical working in aluminium alloys has been reviewed. Chapter II includes the experimental details involved in the course of the present investigation. The procedural details of cold rolling and associated microstructural changes are given in this chapter. This is followed by the texture measurement methods. Experimental details of the bulk texture measurement using the X-ray diffraction and micro texture measurements by the Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) in the SEM are described. Details of the texture computation procedure as well as micro texture analysis methods are also presented. Basic principles of the non-destructive methods of measuring residual stresses, viz., the X-ray diffraction and the Ultrasonic testing, including the theory of measurements, are dealt with. Finally, the details of measurements of anisotropy in mechanical properties, including simulation carried out, for the three alloys are delineated. Chapter III deals with the results of the crystallographic texture measurements carried out on the cold rolled and artificially aged aluminium alloys. Results obtained from the pole figure analysis, Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) method and estimation of the various fibres present in the cold rolled material and the volume fraction of the texture components are discussed in detail for the three aluminium alloys. Results of the micro texture measurements using the EBSD are presented, explained and analyzed in detail. A comparison of the inverse pole figures (IPFs), Image Quality (IQ) maps, Misorientation angle, Grain Orientation Spread (GOS), Kernal Average Misorientation (KAM), CSL boundaries, Grain size and Grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) for materials cold rolled to different reduction for each of the alloys are done and analyzed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the evolution of texture from the above analysis. Deformation texture components Cu, Bs and S increase from the starting material as the rolling percentage increases. On the other hand, recrystallization texture components of Goss and Cube are observed to be weak. AFNOR 7020 developed the strongest texture followed by the AA7075 and AA2219 alloys. The Bs component is stronger in AFNOR 7020 alloy. This is attributed to the shear banding. Average KAM value increases as the cold working in the material increases confirming that the material contains high dislocation density at higher working percentages. Chapter IV deals with residual stresses in the aluminium alloys. Measurement of residual stresses has been carried out on the same sheets and plates, wherever it was possible, using the two methods. The residual stresses have been measured in two mutually perpendicular directions of the aluminium alloy sheets. Residual stress measurements by the ultrasonic method using the Critically Refracted Longitudinal (LCR) wave technique is also used to measure the subsurface stresses non-destructively. Acousto Elastic Coefficients (AEC) is determined for the alloys, in uniaxial tension. Using the AEC for the alloys, the RS at a depth of 3mm are evaluated using a 2MHz probe. Results of the stresses measured by the two methods have been discussed. The trends and anisotropy in the stress values due to texture are discussed and compared with the literature available. Surface residual stresses by the XRD method show compressive stresses at a majority of the locations. Residual stresses measured by the ultrasonic technique, which has a depth of penetration of about 3mm, have shown tensile stresses on many locations. Residual stresses are influenced by the crystallographic texture. Anisotropy in stress values in the longitudinal and transverse directions is demonstrated. In Chapter V, the anisotropy in mechanical properties for the three alloys is discussed in detail. The anisotropy in the three directions, namely the parallel, transverse and 45 deg orientation to the rolling directions is evaluated. The Lankford parameter, otherwise known as Plastic Anisotropy Ratio “r”, has been measured from the tensile tests of the alloy samples in the cold rolled conditions. These have been compared with the computed “r” from the XRD ODF data using the VPSC simulations and found to be qualitatively matching. These trends are discussed with the available literature on the anisotropy of the mechanical properties for aluminium alloys. Samples subjected to high cold rolling show anisotropy of UTS, YS and ‘n’ values. Experimentally measured “r” values in all the deformation conditions match the trend qualitatively with the simulated ones. The maximum anisotropy was observed at 45o orientation to the rolling direction in all the three alloys. Chapter VI gives the summary of the results from the study and the suggestions for future work.
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Book chapters on the topic "Aluminum alloy AA2219"

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Trishul, M. A., and Bijayani Panda. "A Review on the Challenges in Welding of Aluminium AA2219 Alloy." In Advances in Lightweight Materials and Structures, 663–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7827-4_68.

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Elgallad, E. M., A. Hekmat-Ardakan, F. Ajersch, and X.-G. Chen. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA2195 DC Cast Ingot Plates." In ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys, 1864–71. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118495292.ch279.

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Vijayan, D., V. Seshagiri Rao, and V. S. Anirudh. "Determination of Optimum Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welded AA2219 Aluminum Alloys Using Taguchi's Method." In Springer Proceedings in Materials, 489–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6267-9_56.

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Jaiswal, Shubham, Vijay Verma, and Chaitanya Sharma. "Dissimilar Friction Stir Spot Welding of AA2014 and AA7075 Aluminum Alloys." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 567–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8704-7_69.

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Molari, Pier Gabriele, Piero Morelli, Sergio Maldotti, and Tito Poli. "Thermal Ageing Effects on the Residual Fatigue Strength of AA2618-T6511 Aluminium Alloy." In Fracture and Damage Mechanics V, 1095–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-413-8.1095.

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Rajendran, C. "Effect of Solution Treatment and Artificial Ageing on Strength Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA2014-T6 Aluminium Alloy." In Green Materials and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 273–82. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021. | Series: Green engineering and technology: Concepts and applications: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003056546-18.

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Venkatesh, M., A. Johnson, K. Srikanth, and K. K. Guduru. "Influence of Tool Geometry of Friction Stir Weldments on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of AA2014-T6 Aluminium Alloy." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 51–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7643-6_5.

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Adil, Mohammad, and Jyoti Mukhopadhyay. "Mechanical and Microstructural Behavior of Dissimilar AA2014-T6 and AA7075-T6 Aluminium Alloys Joined by Friction Stir Welding." In Light Metals 2020, 370–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36408-3_53.

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Khushaim, Muna. "Precipitation in AA2195 by Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Electron Microscopy." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000220.

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The transportation industries are constantly striving to achieve minimum weight to cut fuel consumption and improve overall performance. Different innovative design strategies have been placed and directed toward weight saving combined with good mechanical behavior. Among different materials, aluminum-based alloys play a key role in modern engineering and are widely used in construction components because of their lightweight and superior mechanical properties. Introduction of different nanostructure features can improve the service and the physical properties of such alloys. In this study, alloy AA2195 has been selected and characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. Quantitative chemical analyses reveal that applying the rolling deformation on the specimen causes the uniform distribution of different platelet precipitates such as T1(Al2CuLi) and θ′(Al2Cu), which increases the hardening behavior of such alloys. Applying a plastic deformation on such alloys has been highlighted as an important engineering tool for the manipulation with second-phase precipitates in the microstructure. In this study, the findings of the characterization analysis were translated to construct a robust microstructure with an excellent hardness behavior (hardness value of 209 HV) by applying a low-energy consumption, cost-effective method.
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Thilagham, K. T., and S. Muthukumaran. "Center Stir Zone Investigations of Dissimilar AA6082, AA2014 and AA7075 Welds." In Welding Principles and Application [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102652.

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The study compares the mechanical and metallurgical properties of AA6082, AA2014, and AA7075 dissimilar friction stir welded aluminum 6 mm plates. The alloys AA2014 and AA7075 are aerospace grade, whereas AA6082 is structural grade. The AA6082/AA7075, AA6082/AA2014, and AA2014/AA7075 joints were formed with optimized parameters of 2° tilt angle, 900 rpm rotational speed, and 80 mm/min feed rate with a constant axial force of 20 kN. Then, to investigate the stir zone properties of the joints, the tensile strength, microstructural, and hardness variations across the weld were revealed. Despite the fact that the strength of each joint was varied, the fine grain in the stir zone across the weld and advancing side weld/HAZ failure in tensile failure were studied for all welds. Further EBSD analysis revealed fine grains for the formation of its center stir zone due to dynamic recovery recrystallization during welding.
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Conference papers on the topic "Aluminum alloy AA2219"

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Balch, Dorian K., Steve H. Goods, and Chris San Marchi. "Fabrication and Testing of Electron Beam Welded Alloy AA2219 Aluminum Pressure Vessels for High-Pressure Hydrogen Service." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28858.

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Aluminum alloys offer significant advantages for hydrogen service such as low weight, improved uniformity of properties relative to forged austenitic stainless steels, and immunity to embrittlement in the presence of dry hydrogen. For these reasons aluminum alloys are now being considered for high-pressure hydrogen isotope pressure vessel applications where forged stainless steels have been the standard materials of construction for decades. In particular, alloy AA2219 is being evaluated due to its excellent weldability, microstructural stability, and good mechanical and fracture toughness properties. Prototype AA2219 pressure vessels have been fabricated and tested, including electron beam weld development, weld hardness and tensile testing prior to and after post-weld heat treatment, and burst testing. The design, manufacture, and testing of AA2219 pressure vessels will be discussed, including an ongoing long-term shelf storage program where pressure vessels are loaded with gaseous hydrogen at pressure of 103 MPa (85% of the burst pressure for these vessels).
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Bolling, Denzell, Adewale Olasumboye, and Gbadebo Owolabi. "Dynamic Failure of Aluminum Alloy 2219-T8 Under High Strain Rate." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53031.

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The suitability of aluminum alloys in a vast majority of engineering applications forms the basis for the need to understand the mechanisms responsible for their deformation and failure under various loading conditions. The material investigated in this study is AA 2219-T8 aluminum alloy. Supplied by the NASA Research Center, with high strength to weight ratio and corrosive resistance. Containing a unique mixture of aluminum, copper, and other trace elements, this alloy has potential applications in multiple fields including aerospace, defense, and commercial industries. In this paper, the dynamic high strain rate impact deformation of the AA2219-T8 aluminum alloy was performed using the split Hopkinson pressure bars. The evolution of localized strain in the aluminum samples during the deformation process obtained using high speed digital cameras is reported. Microstructural analysis of deformed aluminum samples was also performed using optical microscopes in order to determine the influence of impact strain rate on localized strain along narrow adiabatic shear bands in the AA2219-T8 aluminum alloys. Results obtained indicate that peak flow stress in the deformed aluminum sample depends on the strain rate at which the deformation test was performed. The non-uniformity of the strain obtained using the digital image correlation as deformation time progresses shows two distinct areas of non-uniform strains that may be indicating potential sites for the formation of adiabatic shear bands in the tested samples.
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Dewan, Mohammad W., Muhammad A. Wahab, and Khurshida Sharmin. "Effects of Post Weld Heat Treatments (PWHT) on Friction Stir Welded AA2219-T87 Joints." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-3021.

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Friction Stir Welding (FSW) offers significantly better performance on aluminum alloy joints compared to the conventional fusion arc welding techniques; however, plastic deformation, visco-plastic flow of metals, and complex non-uniform heating cycles during FSW processes, result in dissolution of alloying elements, intrinsic microstructural changes, and post-weld residual stress development. As a consequence, about 30% reduction in ultimate strength (UTS) and 60% reduction in yield strength (YS) were observed in defect-free, as-welded AA2219-T87 joints. PWHT is a common practice to refine grain-coarsened microstructures which removes or redistributes post-weld residual stresses; and improves mechanical properties of heat-treatable welded aluminum alloys by precipitation hardening. An extensive experimental program was undertaken on PWHT of FS-welded AA2219-T87 to obtain optimum PWHT conditions and improvement of the tensile properties. Artificial age-hardening (AH) helped in the precipitation of supersaturated alloying elements produced around weld nugget area during the welding process. As a result, an average 20% improvement in YS and 5% improvements in UTS was observed in age-hardened (AH-170°C-18h) specimens as compared to AW specimens. To achieve full benefit of PWHT, solution-treatment followed by age-hardening (STAH) was performed on FS-welded AA2219-T87 specimens. Solution-treatment (ST) helps in the grain refinement and formation of supersaturated precipitates in aluminum alloys. Age-hardening of ST specimens help in the precipitation of alloying elements around grain boundaries and strengthen the specimens. Optimum aging period is important to achieve better mechanical properties. For FS-welded AA2219-T87 peak aging time was 5 hours at 170°C. STAH-170°C -5h treated specimens showed about 78% JE based on UTS, 61% JE based on yield strength, and 36% JE based on tensile toughness values of base metal.
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Mahamani, A., A. Karthik, S. Karthikeyan, P. Kathiravan, and Y. P. Kumar. "Synthesis, quantitative elemental analysis, microstructure characteristics and micro hardness analysis of AA2219 aluminum alloy matrix composite reinforced by in-situ TiB." In International Conference on Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering (FAME 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fame.2010.5714797.

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Yuvaraj, G., V. Bhuvaneswari, G. Vignesh, and L. Vairamuthu. "Mechanical properties of aluminium alloy AA2219 reinforced with graphite." In 2017 First International Conference on Recent Advances in Aerospace Engineering (ICRAAE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icraae.2017.8297214.

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Olasumboye, Adewale, Gbadebo Owolabi, Olufemi Koya, Horace Whitworth, and Nadir Yilmaz. "Comparative Study of the Dynamic Behavior of AA2519 Aluminum Alloy in T6 and T8 Temper Conditions." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10978.

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Abstract This study investigates the dynamic response of AA2519 aluminum alloy in T6 temper condition during plastic deformation at high strain rates. The aim was to determine how the T6 temper condition affects the flow stress response, strength properties and microstructural morphologies of the alloy when impacted under compression at high strain rates. The specimens (with aspect ratio, L/D = 0.8) of the as-cast alloy used were received in the T8 temper condition and further heat-treated to the T6 temper condition based on the standard ASTM temper designation procedures. Split-Hopkinson pressure bar experiment was used to generate true stress-strain data for the alloy in the range of 1000–3500 /s strain rates while high-speed cameras were used to monitor the test compliance with strain-rate constancy measures. The microstructures of the as received and deformed specimens were assessed and compared for possible disparities in their initial microstructures and post-deformation changes, respectively, using optical microscopy. Results showed no clear evidence of strain-rate dependency in the dynamic yield strength behavior of T6-temper designated alloy while exhibiting a negative trend in its flow stress response. On the contrary, AA2519-T8 showed marginal but positive response in both yield strength and flow behavior for the range of strain rates tested. Post-deformation photomicrographs show clear disparities in the alloys’ initial microstructures in terms of the second-phase particle size differences, population density and, distribution; and in the morphological changes which occurred in the microstructures of the different materials during large plastic deformation. AA2519-T6 showed a higher susceptibility to adiabatic shear localization than AA2519-T8, with deformed and bifurcating transformed band occurring at 3000 /s followed by failure at 3500 /s.
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Chen, Cong, Ming Gao, Lei Wang, and Xiaoyan Zeng. "Temperature characteristics at cut front edge during fibre laser cutting of AA2219 aluminium alloy." In ICALEO® 2015: 34th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5063245.

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Velukkudi Santhanam, Senthil Kumar, Harinivas Selvaraju, and Mystica Augustine Michael Duke. "Evaluation of Weld Quality Through Non-Destructive Testing and Weld Property Analysis of Friction Stir Welded AA2014 Under Submerged Condition." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94518.

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Abstract Aluminum Alloy2014 is one of the strongest aluminum alloys and is a copper-based alloy that has a high strength-to-weight ratio. Poor corrosion resistance, porosity, cracking, and element loss makes the alloy difficult to weld in gas and arc welding techniques. To overcome these difficulties, the most suitable method for joining aluminum alloy2014 is Friction Stir Welding. Due to its high strength, aluminum alloy2014 is joined using Friction Stir Welding in aerospace industries in fuel tanks of spaceships and other automotive industries in making complex shapes. In the current study, aluminum alloy2014 alloy is friction stir welded under submerged conditions employing graphene nanofluid. The welding was carried out under the optimized process parameter of tool rotational speed 1200 rpm and a transverse speed of 72 mm/min. A hardened square pin tool of length 5.5 mm and diameter of 4 mm is used for joining the aluminum alloy2014. The graphene nanofluid is developed using the two-step method constituting water as the base fluid. Water is suspended with 0.5 wt% of graphene nanoparticles. In this investigation, Radiography analysis, surface roughness, microhardness, tensile behavior and Facture analysis under two different conditions, normal welding and submerged welding was determined.
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Rajnaveen, B., G. Rambabu, K. Prakash, and K. Srinivasa Rao. "Optimization of TIG and EB welding parameters to improve tensile strength and corrosion resistance of AA2219-T87 aluminium-alloy." In RECENT TRENDS IN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES, MATERIALS PROCESSING, AND TESTING. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0068242.

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ATOUI, OUSSAMA, AZER MAAZOUN, ABDELHAFIDH MOUMEN, BACHIR BELKASSEM, LINCY PYL, and DAVID LECOMPTE. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMIC MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINUM ALLOY AA2014-T652 UNDER HIGH IMPACT VELOCITY." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36151.

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The present paper deals with the numerical analysis of the impact and perforation of a high velocity rigid steel spherical projectile through an Aluminum plate AA2014-T652 using the commercial software LS-DYNA. These numerical investigations are performed in the velocity range from 800 m/s to 1300 m/s. The target plate with a thickness of 15mm and the spherical projectile with a diameter of 10mm are modelled using three-dimensional elements (3D) in a Lagrangian formulation. A hydrostatic tensile stress failure model combined with the Johnson and Cook constitutive model is used to highlight the dynamic failure of the target. The different failure mechanisms observed on the Aluminum plate from the moment of impact to full perforation are discussed. The numerical results based on the crater diameter at the front and rear surface of the plate and the dimensions of the penetration channel are compared to the experimental data available in literature.
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