Journal articles on the topic 'Aluminium'
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Qomariyah, Fajrin Nurul, Widyono Hadi, and Widya Cahyadi. "ANALISIS PENGARUH PERBEDAAN ALUMINIUM DAN AKRILIK SEBAGAI KERANGKA PENYUSUN GENERATOR AXIAL FLUX 12 SLOT 8 POLE." Jurnal Arus Elektro Indonesia 8, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jaei.v8i1.28476.
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Abstrak
Generator merupakan suatu alat yang penting pada sebuah pembangkit yang mengubah energi mekanik menjadi energi listrik. Pemilihan material dalam membuat kerangka penyusun generator sangat perlu diperhatikan agar generator yang dibuat memiliki keefektivitasan yang baik saat dioperasikan. Dampak dari pemilihan material kerangka penyusun generator akan mempengaruhi output generator yang dihasilkan. Secara khusus material aluminium memiliki keefektivitasan yang lebih baik dibandingkan material akrilik. Dari kedua material tersebut didapatkan bahwa material aluminium memiliki distribusi kerapatan fluks magentik yang lebih besar dibandingkan material akrilik sehingga output generator berupa tegangan dan frekuensi juga lebih besar. Hasil uji torsi generator dengan kerangka penyusun aluminium lebih kecil dibandingkan kerangka penyusun material akrilik sehingga kinerja generator dengan material aluminnium lebih baik dibandingkan dengan material akrilik.
Kata Kunci — Generator, Aluminium, Akrilik, Distribusi Kerapatan Fluks Magnetik, Torsi.
Abstract
A generator is an important device in a plant that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The selection of materials in making the frame of the generator is very important so that the generator made has good effectiveness when operated. The impact of the selection of the material of the generator's constituent framework will affect the output of the generator produced. Specifically, aluminum material has a better effectiveness than acrylic materials. From both materials it is obtained that aluminum material has a greater distribution of magentic flux density than acrylic material so that the generator output in the form of voltage and frequency is also greater. The result of the generator torque test with an aluminum constituent frame is smaller than the acrylic material building frame so that the performance of the generator with aluminnium material is better compared to acrylic material.
Keywords — Generator, Aluminium, Acrylic, Magnetic flux density distribution, Torque
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Shen, Yang, Yu Zhong Ruan, Yan Yu, and Yun Hong Zheng. "Synthesis of Aluminium Titanate Ceramics from Waste Sludge of Aluminium Factory." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1538–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1538.
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Aluminium titanate was synthesized using waste aluminium sludge and chemical pure TiO2 powder as raw materials. Effect of different compositions on crystal structure and contents of target product was discussed. XRD results showed that four crystal phases, aluminium titanate, perovskite, rutile and aluminum oxide, are formed in the sintered samples. The content of aluminium titanate increases first and then decreases with the decrease of the content of waste aluminum sludge. When the content of the sludge is 65.52wt%, the content of aluminium titanate reaches the maximum of 86.1wt%.
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Prasetya, Andreas Yoppy Aprianto, and Isdiriayani Nurdin. "Korosi Alumunim dalam larutan asam sitrat." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 11, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.8.
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The corrosion of Allumunium in citric acid sollutionCitric acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used as an additive in the beverage industry. Aluminum cans are often used as a beverage packaging due to its lightweight, space efficient, and low production costs. Contact between citric acid and the aluminum cans may cause corrosion reactions that lead contamination of beverages by corrosion products. This study aims to test the aluminum resistance against citric acid at the concentration of 1, 2, and 4 %-wt, and temperature of 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C. The specimen used is a 1 cm2 aluminum plate with a purity of 99.07%. The experiment consists of aluminum corrosion rate measurements using the Tafel method and aluminum corrosion mechanism prediction using cyclic-voltammetry method. The research results show that aluminum is corroded into Al3+ by citric acid solution in a one-stage reaction with activation energy of 65.01 kJ/mol. The corrosion products are not stable, it forms amorphous aluminum salts. The aluminum corrosion rate increases with rising citric acid concentration and temperature that can be classified in "negligible" to "medium" category.Keywords: aluminum, citric acid concentration, corrosion, temperature AbstrakAsam sitrat merupakan asam karboksilat yang banyak digunakan sebagai aditif pada industri minuman. Kaleng aluminium sering dipakai sebagai kemasan minuman karena sifatnya yang ringan, efisien ruang, dan biaya produksinya rendah. Kontak asam sitrat dengan kemasan berupa kaleng aluminium dapat menyebabkan reaksi korosi yang berujung kontaminasi produk korosi terhadap minuman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan aluminium terhadap korosivitas asam sitrat pada konsentrasi 1, 2, dan 4 %-b, serta temperatur 40 °C, 50 °C, dan 60 °C. Logam yang digunakan merupakan pelat aluminium dengan kemurnian 99,07% dan luas permukaan 1 cm2. Penelitian mencakup pengukuran laju korosi aluminium dengan metoda Tafel dan prediksi mekanisme korosi aluminium dengan metoda voltametri siklik. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa aluminium terkorosi dalam larutan asam sitrat menjadi Al3+ dengan satu tahap reaksi searah dan energi aktivasi sebesar 65,01 kJ/mol. Produknya bersifat tidak stabil, langsung membentuk garam aluminium amorf. Laju korosi aluminium meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi asam sitrat dan temperatur, termasuk golongan korosi “dapat diabaikan” hingga “sedang”.Kata kunci: aluminium, konsentrasi asam sitrat, korosi, temperatur
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Dahlan, Ahmad, and Rusiyanto Rusiyanto. "Pengaruh Penambahan Unsur Aluminium Murni pada Bahan Aluminium Scrap Terhadap Ketangguhan Impak dan Struktur Mikro Hasil Pengecoran Velg Motor Honda." Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/dinamika.v6i1.36643.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk megetahui pengaruh penambahan aluminium murni pada bahan aluminium scrap terhadap ketangguhan impak dan struktur mikro. Paduan yang digunakan nantinya adalah scrap dengan penambahan unsur aluminium murni yang divariasikan. Presentase komposisi didapatkan dari perbandingan unsur aluminium pada velg sepeda motor original market sebesar 92% dan scrap sebesar 81%. Varian material yang diteliti adalah variasi penambahan aluminium sebesar 4%, 8% dan 12%, serta material velg sepeda motor. Sering dikeluhkan karena mengalami beban kejut dan retak karena benturan. Proses pembuatan menggunakan peleburan dengan penambahan aluminium murni. Selanjutnya hasil peleburan diuji secara mekanis menggunakan pengujian kekuatan impak dan stuktur nikro dengan standart ASTM. Hasil dari pengujian diperoleh bahwa penambahan unsur aluminium 12% pada scrap memiliki kekuatan impak terbesar yaitu 0.0347 J/mm2dibandingkan dengan velg sepeda motor sebesar 0,0336 J/mm2. Aluminium yang ditambahkan berfungsi untuk memberikan sifat keuletan pada suatu material sehingga mempengaruhi perubahan sifat mekanis. Terlihat pada hasil struktur mikro memiliki fasa eutetik yang semakin rapat dan hampir memiliki kesamaan dengan velg sepeda motor. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan aluminium mampu mempengaruhi kekuatan impak yang menyebabkan kerapatan fasa aluminium silikon pada material.This study aimed to determine the effect of pure aluminum addition to aluminum scrap material on impact toughness and microstructure. This experiment studied an alloy of scrap aluminum and the addition of pure aluminum into it in various amounts. A spectrotest yields the aluminum element composition is 92% on the original motorcycle rim and 81% on the scrap aluminum. The studied variation of pure aluminum addition is 4%, 8%, and 12%. The manufacturing process uses smelting, and pure aluminum was added during the process. The smelting products were tested mechanically using impact strength and microstructure according to ASTM standard. The results show that the highest impact strength is from the addition of 12% pure aluminum. The impact strength is 0.0347 J/mm2, compared to the original motorcycle rim of 0.0336 J/mm2. The added aluminum serves to provide ductility to the alloy, increasing its mechanical properties. Test results show that the microstructure has an increasingly tight eutectic phase and has almost the same characteristics as the original motorcycle rim. It can be concluded that the addition of aluminum affects the impact strength, in which it causes a dense aluminum-silicon phase of the material.
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Sergeyev, D. M., and S. K. Kutshanov. "About resonance tunneling of quasiparticles through nanocontact «aluminum – aluminium oxide – aluminum» at low temperatures." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics Series" 86, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2017phys2/21-29.
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Cao, Dan Yang, Xi Zhong Song, and Jin Hong Li. "Research on Statistical Process Control for Aluminium Electrolysis Reduction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 1839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1839.
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In order to lower the measurement system errors in aluminum electrolysis reduction, and find out the abnormity of process parameters, this paper considered the process parameters in the production process, used mean-range control chart in statistical process control to analyse aluminium level data during aluminium electrolysis reduction, designed and implemented the statistical process control system for aluminum electrolysis reduction data, presented process improvement method for aluminium level data. Results for the 300KA aluminium electrolysis cell show the statistical process control system can ensure the stability of aluminium electrolysis pot process parameters, find out specific reasons of abnormal data, keep the material balance and energy balance, improve current efficiency, and reduce the energy consumption.
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Muhammad Azim Suhaimi, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Sabrina M. Yahaya, and Rosmamuhamadani Ramli. "A Review: Characterization Of Aluminium-Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Zirconium Diboride." Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engieering 18, no. 1 (May 7, 2024): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/armne.18.1.4451.
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Composite materials with aluminium matrices are used in thermal management, defence, aerospace, automotive and aviation. As the prices of useful items decreased, their usefulness increased. Aluminium is reinforced with other metals, non-metals and ceramics to give it the required physical and mechanical properties such as high tensile strength, great hardness and corrosion resistance. Aluminium-metal matrix composites are known for their exceptional physical and mechanical properties and performance. This work also focuses on the fabrication and characterization of zirconium diboride reinforced aluminium-metal matrix composite. Zirconium diboride particles were used as reinforcement material to fabricate aluminium metal matrix composites by the stir casting method. The microstructure, hardness and tensile strength of aluminum-metal matrix composites and its corrosion behaviour were investigated. The results showed that the inclusion of zirconium diboride particles increased the hardness and tensile strength of aluminum-metal matrix composites. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis are used to investigate the microstructural properties of aluminum-metal matrix composites reinforced with zirconium diboride particles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed a uniform distribution of zirconium diboride particles in the aluminum-metal matrix composites matrix. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of an intermetallic compound of aluminium and zirconium diboride. From the review that have been made, we can conclude that the inclusion of zirconium diboride particles increased the mechanical properties and corrosion of aluminium-metal matrix composites.
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Wongpreedee, Kageeporn, Panphot Ruethaitananon, and Tawinun Isariyamateekun. "Interface Layers of Ag-Al Fusing Metals by Casting Processes." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.341.
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The materials of fusing metals commercially used in the jewelry niche marketing is seen as precious metals. An innovation of fusing metals searched for new materials to differentiate from the markets for mass production. In this research, it studied the bonding processes of silver and aluminium metals by casting processes for mass productions. The studies had been varied parameters on the types of aluminium and process temperature controls. This research had used two types of aluminium which were pure aluminium 99.99% and aluminum 5083 alloys bonding with pure silver 99.99%. The temperatures had been specified for two factors including casting temperature at X1, X2 and flasking temperature at Y1, Y2. From the results, it was found that the casting temperature at 730°C and the flasking temperature at 230 °C of pure silver-aluminum 5083 alloys bonding had the thinnest average thickness of interface at 427.29 μm. The microstructure of pure silver-aluminum 5083 alloy bonding was revealed eutectic-like structures at the interfaces. The EDS analysis showed the results of compounds at interface layers of Ag sides giving Ag2Al intermetallics on pure silver-aluminum 5083 alloy bonding unlike pure silver-pure aluminium bonding giving Ag3Al intermetallics.
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Inseemeesak, Benjaporn, and Aphichart Rodchanarowan. "The Influence of Aluminium Dross on Cement Paste's Porosity." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.445.
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In this study aluminium dross, an industrial waste product from the aluminum casting industry which contains mostly aluminum, aluminium oxide, and volatile gases such as ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2). In this study it is used as an admixture in cement paste to observe its effects on the porosity and bulk density of the material. The parameters used in the study include; the effects when different quantities of aluminium dross are added to portland cement (portland cement:aluminium dross by weight; 1: 0.05, 1: 0.10, and 1: 0.20) and the effect of different sized particles of aluminium dross (average diameter of aluminium dross particles; <45, 60, and 90 μm) on porosity and bulk density of cement paste. According to the study, as the amount of aluminium dross content in cement paste increases, the area fraction of porosity in the cement paste increases; yet the bulk density of cement paste decreases. In addition, when the particle size of aluminium dross decreases both of the pores size in the cement paste and bulk density of cement paste decrease.
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Pei, Qing, Meng Li, and Heng Li. "Study on Thermal Decomposition and Thermal Safety of Mixtures of Highly Active Aluminum Powder and Nitramine Explosive." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 12 (June 1, 2023): 122033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/12/122033.
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Abstract The newly prepared and stored highly active aluminum powder were mixed with common nitramine explosives HMX and CL-20 at a mass ratio of 1:1, respectively. The effects of the two kinds of high active aluminum powder on the thermal decomposition properties of HMX and CL-20 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal explosion critical temperature of the mixture of high active aluminum powder and nitramine explosive was calculated. The result shows that after joining highly active aluminium powder, highly active aluminium/nitramine explosive mixture, moderate and apparent activation energy decrease thermal decomposition peak suggests that highly active aluminium can contribute to the thermal decomposition of HMX and CL-20, compared with highly active aluminium stored after a certain period of time, the new system is highly active aluminum powder with a mixture of nitramine explosives with lower apparent activation energy, At the same time, the critical temperature of thermal explosion also decreased significantly, which indicated that the newly prepared high-activity aluminum powder had higher chemical reactivity, but its thermal safety was reduced.
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Lote, CJ, JA Wood, A. Thewles, and M. Freeman. "Renal filtration and excretion of aluminium in the rat: dose-response relationships and effects of aluminium speciation." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 6 (June 1995): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400605.
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The known toxicity of aluminium, and the toxicity of agents (such as desferrioxamine) used to remove alumini um from the body, has prompted us to investigate whether there may be ways of enhancing aluminium excretion by exploiting the normal renal handling of aluminium. Aluminium (as sulphate or citrate) was administered intravenously to conscious rats at doses ranging from 25 μg (0.93 μmol) to 800 μg (29.6 μmol) aluminium, and alu minium excretion was monitored over the following 2 h. Measurements of the filterability of aluminium from the rat plasma, and the glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance), enabled us to calculate the filtered load of alu minium, and hence determine aluminium reabsorption. At all doses of administered aluminium, that adminis tered as sulphate was excreted less effectively than that administered as citrate. This difference was attributable to the much greater filterability of aluminium administered as citrate. However, for any given filtered load, the excre tion of aluminium administered as citrate was not signifi cantly different (in either fractional or absolute terms) from the excretion of aluminium administered as sulphate. It seems likely that, following aluminium sulphate administration, the filtered aluminium may be an alumini um citrate form which is then reabsorbed in the same way as aluminium administered as citrate. It is thus apparent that aluminium removal from the body could be further enhanced if it were possible to pre vent the tubular reabsorption of the aluminium species which is so effectively filtered following aluminium citrate administration.
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Guntupalli, Yoshita, Vaishnavi Rajaraman, and Dhanraj Ganapathy. "Assessment of Aluminum Levels in the Milk Supply of Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu." Journal of Pioneering Medical Science 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.61091/jpms20231247.
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Introduction: Aluminium is a predominant heavy metal found in everyday products like perfumes, antiperspirants, medication, milk, vaccinations, etc. Biologically available Aluminum is non-essential and toxic to the body. Excessive intake of Aluminum can lead to various negative consequences such as neurodegeneration of the brain, age-related changes, etc. Most of the aluminium exposure is through food and its products. Hence, this study aims to determine the Aluminium levels in milk. Materials and Methods: Twenty samples were collected and stored in the Tiruvallur district area, Chennai. They were broken down into nitric and perchloric acid (4:1 v/v) until a transparent solution was obtained. This was then filtered using Whatman filter paper and diluted. Aluminum content was estimated using a flame absorption spectrophotometer. Results: This study shows that the mean aluminum levels in the milk supply in Tiruvallur district are . The current study also showed that the values are significant (p=0.000) Conclusion: Hence, the Aluminium levels of milk are within permissible levels, and care should be taken not to intake excessive amounts.
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Zou, Cheng Lu, Gui Hong Geng, and Wei Ye Chen. "Development and Application of Aluminium-Lithium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.12.
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The history of aluminium-lithium alloys development has been reviewed in this paper. According to the strength, weld ability and corrosion resistance, thermal stability and plasticity, aluminium-lithium alloy has been categorized and the defects of aluminium-lithium alloys in early stage have been analyzed. As compared the third generation of aluminium-lithium alloy with normal aluminum alloy and composite materials, it indicates aluminium-lithium alloy has better performance, lower cost and reduced weight. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the rapid solidification, ingot casting metallurgy and electromagnetic simulated microgravity methods in synthesis of aluminium-lithium alloy, it has been found microgravity method has prominent effect on reducing the alloy segregation and lithium losses. Finally, the future development of aluminium-lithium alloys has been discussed.
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Alekseev, A. V., V. V. Strekalov, A. A. Khasin, and M. R. Predtechensky. "Effect of carbon nanotubes and oxide nanofibers on mechanical properties of aluminum AD0 after cold working and annealing." Perspektivnye Materialy 4 (2021): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2021-4-56-66.
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Cast aluminium composite materials based on AD0 aluminium, reinforced with carbon nanotubes and aluminium oxide nanofibers are obtained. It is shown that the additives of 0.05 wt % of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and aluminum oxide nanofibers (AONF) allow increasing ultimate tensile strength of cast metal by 15 % and 16 % respectively. Strengthening of the metal is maintained after cold deformation and annealing. Aluminum AD0 with additives SWCNT or AONF retains high strength after annealing, while aluminum without additives is significantly weakened, this allows to obtain annealed aluminum wire, with a strength limit of 54 – 69 % and yield strength of 53 – 78 % higher than that of metal without additives. The influence of SWCNT and AONF on the size of aluminum grain AD0 in the cast state, after cold deformation and annealing has been studied. Nano-additives have been found to inhibit the growth of metal grains at the stage of collective recrystallization, as well as to influence the process of primary recrystallization of aluminum.
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Huynh, Khanh Cong, and Luc Hoai Vo. "Modification of aluminium and aluminium alloys by AL-B master alloy." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i2.1315.
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Chemical compositions and microstructures affect on mechanical – physical and working properties of aluminium and aluminum alloys. Transition elements, such as Ti, V, Cr, Zr in solid solution greatly reduce the electrical conductivity of aluminium and its alloys. For reduction of detrimental effects of transition elements, Al-B master alloys are added into molten aluminium to occur reactions of boron and transition elements to form diborides of titanium, vanadium, chromium and zirconium, which are markedly insoluble in molten aluminium, then these transition elements have an insignificant effects on conductivity. In addition, Al-B master alloys is also used as a grain refiner of aluminium and aluminium alloys. Aluminium borides particles in Al-B master alloys act as substrates for heterogeneous nucleation of aluminium and its alloys. Al-B master alloys are prepared from low cost materials, such as boric acid H3BO3 and cryolite Na3AlF6, by simple melting method, easily realize in electrical wire and cable factories.
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Zhou, Yu Hong, Xing Hua Guo, and Xi Jiang Han. "Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium Anode by CeCl3 in Simulated Seawater." Advanced Materials Research 281 (July 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.11.
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Corrosion of aluminium anode in the seawater will reduce the life of the aluminum-air cell. It has been recognized that addition of inhibitor into the seawater electrolyte is an effective method that may prevent the corrosion of aluminium anode.The corrosion inhibition behavior of aluminium anode after addition of CeCl3 with different concentrations in simulated seawater has been investigated in this paper. EIS results showed that there was a significant increase of corrosion resistance when the concentration of CeCl3 reached 500mg·L-1 in simulated seawater, compared to the case without inhibitor. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that CeCl3 was a cathodic inhibitor in simulated seawater. SEM and XPS confirmed that the cerium oxide/hydroxide were formed at micro-cathodic areas of aluminum surface,which decreased the corrosion rate of aluminium anode.
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Zhou, Jia, Jun Ping Zhang, and Ming Tu Ma. "Study on the Formability of Aluminium Alloy Sheets at Room and Elevated Temperatures." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.393.
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This paper presents the main achievements of a research project aimed at investigating the applicability of the hot stamping technology to non heat treatable aluminium alloys of the 5052 H32 and heat treatable aluminium alloys of the 6016 T4P after six months natural aging. The formability and mechanical properties of 5052 H32 and 6016 T4P aluminum alloy sheets after six months natural aging under different temperature conditions were studied, the processing characteristics and potential of the two aluminium alloy at room and elevated temperature were investigated. The results indicated that the 6016 aluminum alloy sheet exhibit better mechanical properties at room temperature. 5052 H32 aluminum alloy sheet shows better formability at elevated temperature, and it has higher potential to increase formability by raising the temperature.
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Tefa, Maria, and Ign Edi Santosa. "Pengukuran Modulus Young dengan Analisis Keadaan Resonansi Batang Aluminium yang Bergetar Menggunakan ImageMeter." Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 2 (November 28, 2017): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v2i0.21370.
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<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> An experiment to determine Young’s Modulus by analyzing the vibrations of an aluminum bar has been conducted. The aluminium bar is vibrated by the magnetic field. A tiny magnet is glued at the free end of the bar. A coil carrying an alternating current generates an alternating magnetic field. The resonance condition is investigated by the measurement of its wavelength using the ImageMeter application. The natural frequency of the aluminum bar is determined from the measurement of its resonance frequencies. The natural frequency and the bar length are used to calculate Young’s Modulus. The experimental data shows the Young’s Modulus of aluminum is . This measurement method is used for learning purposes.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Telah dilakukan pengukuran nilai Modulus Young dengan analisis getaran dari sebuah batang aluminium. Batang aluminium digetarkan dengan medan magnet. Magnet kecil ditempelkan pada bagian ujung batang aluminium yang bebas. Sebuah kumparan yang berada di bawah ujung batang aluminium diberi arus bolak balik yang dapat diatur frekuensinya. Pada frekuensi tertentu akan terjadi resonansi dengan mengikuti pola yang khas. Keadaan resonansi batang aluminium ini dibuktikan dari hasil pengukuran panjang λ menggunakan aplikasi <em>ImageMeter</em>. Selanjutnya frekuensi alami batang aluminium ditentukan dari pengukuran frekuensi resonansinya. Nilai Modulus Young aluminium dihitung dari nilai frekuensi alami dan panjang batang. Dari hasil pengukuran diperoleh nilai Modulus Young . Metoda pengukuran ini digunakan untuk keperluan pembelajaran.</p><p class="KataKunci"><strong></strong><em><br /></em></p>
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Lazarevic, Zorica, Vesna Miskovic-Stankovic, Zorica Kacarevic-Popovic, and Dragutin Drazic. "Epoxy coatings electrodeposited on aluminium and modified aluminium surfaces." Chemical Industry 56, no. 11 (2002): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0211468l.
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The corrosion behaviour and thermal stability of epoxy coatings electrodeposited on modified aluminum surfaces (anodized, phosphatized and chromatized-phosphatized aluminium) were monitored during exposure to 3% NaCl solution, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Better protective properties of the epoxy coatings on anodized and chromatized-phosphatized aluminum with respect to the same epoxy coatings on aluminum and phosphatized aluminum were obtained: higher values of Rp and Rct and smaller values of Cc and Cd, from EIS, and a smaller amount of absorbed water inside the coating, from TGA. On the other hand, a somewhat lower thermal stability of these coatings was obtained (smaller values of the ipdt temperature). This behavior can be explained by the less porous structure of epoxy coatings on anodized and chromatized-phosphatized aluminum, caused by a lower rate of H2 evolution and better wet ability.
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Kucharčík, L., M. Brůna, and A. Sládek. "Influence of Chemical Composition on Porosity in Aluminium Alloys." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0026.
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Abstract Porosity is one of the major defects in aluminum castings, which results is a decrease of a mechanical properties. Porosity in aluminum alloys is caused by solidification shrinkage and gas segregation. The final amount of porosity in aluminium castings is mostly influenced by several factors, as amount of hydrogen in molten aluminium alloy, cooling rate, melt temperature, mold material, or solidification interval. This article deals with effect of chemical composition on porosity in Al-Si aluminum alloys. For experiment was used Pure aluminum and four alloys: AlSi6Cu4, AlSi7Mg0, 3, AlSi9Cu1, AlSi10MgCu1.
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Dawood, Nawal Mohammed. "Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of Al-20%Ni-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composites by Stir Casting." Materials Science Forum 1002 (July 2020): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1002.161.
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Aluminium as matrix in particulars have been vastlys investigateds, this is becauses of the diverses applicationss of aluminium dues to its exceptional propertiess. Material scientistss alwayss face a challenges when it comess to the tribologicals and mechanicals propertiess of aluminium, as it exudess rather poors behaviours in these aspectss. Hences this works aims to improves the mechanicals and corrosives resistances of Aluminiums by reinforcings with aluminum oxides and Nickel throughs stir casting usings vortex techniques. Al-Ni-Al2O3 composites with percentages of Ni fixed at 20 % and Al2O3 differed through 4-8% in incrementss of 2 wt. % . Composites material was prepareds by stir castings using vortex techniques. The hardness value of the aluminiums matrix composites improved with increaseds percentages of Al2O3, maximums increase was obtaineds for 8% Al2O3 composite, viewing an increases of about 55%. A generals corrosions and erosion-corrosions for the Al-20%Ni bases alloys and the prepareds composites were carrieds out in 3.5wt% NaCl solutions as corrosives mediums for general corrosions while in erosion-corrosions with impacts angles 90° in slurry solutions ( 1wt%SiO2 sand in 3.5wt% NaCl solution as the erodent). It was founds that the general corrosions rates for composite specimens is lower than thats of the bases alloy (Al-20%Ni). In case of erosion-corrosion resultss, it was founds that the erosion corrosions resistances property of the prepareds composites improveds significantlys with the increaseds percentages of Al2O3. There wass a noticeable improvements in the corrosion resistances of the aluminiums composites compareds to its purest forms, owing to the presences of nickel. Howevers, the increases in Al2O3 percentages decrease the corrosions rates. The extreme decreases was obtaineds for 8% Al2O3 composites, with a decreases of 26% corrosion rates in (mpy) unit for composites material is lowers than that of the bases alloys.
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Han, Li, Ken W. Young, R. Hewitt, N. Blundel, and Martin Thornton. "Advanced Joining Technologies for Aluminium Assembly for the Automotive Industry." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.105.
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The increased application of lightweight materials, such as aluminium has triggered many investigations into new joining techniques for aluminium alloys. The Resistance Spot Welding concept for aluminium has always attracted many researchers from different organizations. Self-piercing riveting is the major production process used to join aluminium sheet body structures for the automotive industry. Mean while, interest in laser welding and application as a candidate for joining aluminium is also growing. These key technologies for aluminium assembly are therefore being investigated by the research team at the University Of Warwick. The paper reported here looks at the feasibility of each process for joining thin gauge aluminium and compares the mechanical behavior for each joint type. The results suggested that all three joining technologies are feasible for joining aluminum and their mechanical behaviour is strongly dependent on the selection of process parameters
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Maulana, Fariz Risqi, Nur Fadhilah, Ruri Agung Wahyuono, and Doty Dewi Risanti. "Hydrogen Production from Waste Aluminum Foil AA1235 Using the Aluminum-Water Reaction Method with Thickness Variations." Advanced Materials Research 1175 (February 20, 2023): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-587vv6.
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Aluminium-water reaction is one of the most promising ways to produce clean and economical hydrogen. In this study, the effect of the waste Aluminium foil AA1235 thickness on Aluminium-water reaction process was investigated. The thickness of aluminum used are 6.5 m, 11.5 m and 19.5 m. Aluminum foil was cut by size 20 mm x 30 mm in each thickness variation. The 0.4 M NaOH and 0.01 M NaAlO2 was added as promoter on the process. The initial composition of the aluminum and the dislocations in the aluminum are also considered. The experimental results was evaluated by the mass reduction and shrinking core models. The initial composition of the aluminum and the dislocations in the aluminum are also considered. The experimental results were evaluated by the mass reduction and shrinking core models. The results obtained that aluminum with thinner thickness can be approximated by the 1-dimensional slab shrinking core model. Aluminum with a thicker thickness can be approached with a mass reduction model. It is also found out that smaller thickness has larger dislocation and better effects of NaAlO2 resulting higher yield of hydrogen production.
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Muralidharan, P., and C. Swetha. "Ameliorative Effect of Grape Seed Oil on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity on Rats." Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i2310.
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Aims: Neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by progressive loss of structure and function of neurons. Exposure to aluminum causes neurodegenerative disorders like dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was designed to examine the ameliorative effect of grape seed oil extraction aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats.
Methodology: Wistar rats were administered with aluminium chloride (175 mg/kg. p.o.) for 28 days to generate neurotoxicity model. Attenuation effect of grape seed oil against aluminium chloride toxicity by oral administration adjunctly from day 18. Behavioral and locomotor activity was determined using passive avoidance test, open field test, actophotometer and rota rod test. Biochemical parameter such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were assessed in brain samplesand histology of brain tissue were assessed on the final day of the experiment.
Results: Aluminium chloride treatment significantly decreases cognitive function and open field test with a significance decrease in the acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant (SOD, CAT, GR) activity level. Also, the histopathological examination shows significance decrease in the neuronal cell density in hippocampal region. Grape seed oil treated with aluminum chloride neurotoxic groups alleviates all the toxicity induced by the aluminum chloride. Histopathological studies in the hippocampus and cortex of the rat brain also supported that the grape seed oil markedly reduced the toxicity of aluminium chloride.
Conclusion: Supplementation of grape seed oilexhibited with beneficial and neuroprotective role on aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rat modelby improving the cognitive memory and antioxidant enzyme level.
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Lote, CJ, K. Willmott, Jeanne A. Wood, A. Thewles, and M. Freeman. "Renal excretion of aluminium in the rat: effect of citrate infusion." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 12 (December 1995): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501401202.
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When aluminium is administered intravenously to rats, the speciation of the aluminium has a major effect on its renal excretion. Aluminium administered as citrate is much more effectively excreted than that administered as chloride or sulphate. This suggests that citrate could be therapeutically useful in patients who have been exposed to aluminium. Accordingly, we have performed two series of experi ments in rats, in which a citrate infusion (intravenous), was begun either immediately after, or one hour after, the administration of an intravenous aluminium sulphate bolus. Both protocols led to markedly enhanced alumini um excretion compared to controls in which only 0.7% NaCl was infused. The enhancement of aluminium excre tion was 783% if citrate infusion was begun immediately after aluminium administration, and 335% if the citrate infusion began after an hour delay. The increased excre tion was due to an increase in the freely filterable fraction of aluminium. In the control experiments, in which aluminium sul phate administration was followed by 0.7% NaCl infusion, aluminium was found to be deposited in the liver. Administration of citrate one hour after the aluminium bolus did not reduce this liver deposition. The results indicate that a fraction of the plasma alu minium is accessible to the citrate infused and can thereby be converted into a filterable form which can be excreted. It appears that, for maximum therapeutic effect, citrate should be infused as rapidly as possible after an alumini um load, to limit aluminium binding to ligands which allow it to enter cells.
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Jiang, Ying, Zhi Hua Xiong, and Qian Xiang. "Design of LED Integrated Package Devices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.1154.
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To solve the technical problem of LED chips with top and back electrodes can only forms parallel connection; this paper provided integrated packaging structure by using silver reflective layers, aluminium oxide and aluminum plate. LED chips with top and back electrodes, according to a certain permutations and combinations way, were packaged integrally on the independent silver reflective layers. The silver reflective layers were on the aluminum plate with aluminium oxide insulating layer. Studies show that when the LED chips with top and back electrodes packaged on aluminum plate with aluminium oxide insulating layer are easier to achieve parallel and series connection. Moreover, the LED integrated package devices has higher driving voltage and lower driving current than traditional LED integrated package devices with top and back electrodes. In addition, independent silver reflective layers can provide integrated package devices with a better luminous efficiency.
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Makhotkina, E. S., O. S. Ponomareva, and L. G. Kolyada. "Resource-Saving Technology of Recycling of Wastes of Secondary Aluminium Production in a Blast Furnace in the Process of Aluminous Slag Smelting." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 1081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.1081.
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The paper considers the theoretical and practical aspects of recycling of secondary aluminium production wastes by adding them to the burden mix in the process of aluminous slag production (from bauxites) in the blast-furnace smelting operation. The comparative analysis of bauxite chemical composition and the secondary aluminium production waste was carried out and the feasibility of using secondary aluminium production waste as a raw material for blast-furnace smelting was studied. A mathematical model was presented to obtain aluminous slag by blast-furnace smelting of bauxites with their partial substitution with the secondary aluminium production waste; this model makes it possible to calculate the rational mixture of burden materials when aluminous slag is produced in a blast furnace taking into account chemical composition of the materials used and the required content of oxides of aluminium, calcium and silicon in the final slag. The high-alumina slag formed when the wastes of secondary aluminium production are used in burden materials is characterized by low gas content during slag tapping (in spite of the elevated temperature) and by high flowability. The laboratory tests of binding properties of the high-alumina slag obtained in a blast furnace using wastes of secondary aluminium production, which were carried out by the plant laboratory, showed that the cements produced from this slag have satisfactory strength characteristics, although their setting time is somewhat longer. Recycling of slag dumps of aluminium production will make it possible to obtain new sources of raw materials, enhance the technology of handling and transportation of materials from man-made mineral formations to recycling plants without increasing the environmental load.
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Chen, Shan, Peng Zhang, Dongsheng Jia, Yaoyu He, Liqin Zhang, Jiawei Zhou, Dong Xue, and Feng Yue. "Effect of solution and aging treatment on microstructure and hardness of aluminum bronze." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 12 (June 1, 2023): 122047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/12/122047.
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Abstract Due to their excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, bearing bushes made of aluminium bronze are widely used in pumps, heavy equipment and marine equipment. Aluminium bronze is also used in valve for tank to improve defence. This work aims to enhance the hardness of QAl10-3-1.5 extruded aluminium bronze by performing heat treatment at different solution temperature, quenchant, and aging temperature. The results show that when the aluminum content of the raw material is more than 9.4%, aluminum bronze after solution and aging treatment obtain a significant enhancement of hardness. The value of hardness can reach above 207HB, which meets the design requirements of drawings and improves the wear and corrosion resistance.
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Pahsa, Alper. "Optical roughness calculation for material structural analysis of energy structure applications under dc plasma processes." Acta Innovations, no. 49 (September 24, 2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/49.4.
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Surface qualities make aluminium a low-DC plasma interaction candidate. Aluminum for energy system structure building is studied experimentally, with observations obtained. Aluminum is cheap and frequently utilized in aerospace applications. The selection of materials for new applications of thermonuclear fusion energy, such as Tokamak reactor walls and fusion-based spaceship thrust structures, is important to decide in the design phase. In this study, an experimental setup application is created with low DC-type He plasma ions processed on aluminium pellet surfaces. The physical changes of the aluminium pellet material as an example of an energy structure surface are analysed under a scanned array microscope and 3D surface plots to detect optical roughness attributes.
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Pahsa, Alper. "Optical roughness calculation for material structural analysis of energy structure applications under dc plasma processes." Acta Innovations, no. 49 (September 24, 2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.49.4.
Full textAbstract:
Surface qualities make aluminium a low-DC plasma interaction candidate. Aluminum for energy system structure building is studied experimentally, with observations obtained. Aluminum is cheap and frequently utilized in aerospace applications. The selection of materials for new applications of thermonuclear fusion energy, such as Tokamak reactor walls and fusion-based spaceship thrust structures, is important to decide in the design phase. In this study, an experimental setup application is created with low DC-type He plasma ions processed on aluminium pellet surfaces. The physical changes of the aluminium pellet material as an example of an energy structure surface are analysed under a scanned array microscope and 3D surface plots to detect optical roughness attributes.
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Joseph, Olufunmilayo Oluwabukola, and Micheal Olalekan Aluko. "Effect of Synthetic Materials in Reinforcement of Aluminium Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 1076 (December 8, 2022): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-o2816k.
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Aluminium matrix composite is a type of innovative technical material that have applications in aerospace, automotive, biotechnology, electronics, and a lot more. Non-metallic reinforcements can be injected into an aluminium alloy to provide advantages over base metal (Al) alloys. Better mechanical properties, improved microstructure, and corrosion resistance are the benefits that have been noticed upon reinforcements. The proportion of reinforcement, kind, size, and forms of aluminium matrix are all important factors in improving mechanical and tribological properties. Investigation in the creation of highly advanced tailored materials using liquid and solid-state processes and the impact it has on the properties and application are the subject of this work. The current research summarizes recent breakthroughs in aluminium-based composites and other particle reinforcement effects. The experiment findings revealed that strengthening the aluminum matrix with reinforcements increased mechanical properties and improves the microstructure. Also, stir casting was seen to be the most popular liquid metal approach because of its cost effectiveness and processing parameters which could easily be adjusted and monitored. It is concluded that aluminum matrix composites have greater mechanical characteristics, microstructure, and corrosion resistance than unreinforced aluminum alloys.
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Casierra-Posada,, Fánor, Julián F. Cárdenas-Hernández, and Hugo A. Roa. "Efecto del Aluminio Sobre la Germinación de Semillas de Trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) y de Maiz (Zea mayz L.)." Orinoquia 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22579/20112629.61.
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Titulo en ingles:The effect of aluminium on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mayz L.) seed germinationRESUMEN: Entre especies e incluso cultivares, existen grandes diferencias en cuanto a la respuesta de las plantas a la toxicidad por aluminio. A pesar de existir varios estudios sobre el tema, todavía no se conoce el principal objetivo celular del aluminio, y su efecto sobre varios procesos del desarrollo vegetal como la germinación, han sido poco estudiados; además, los resultados encontrados son muy variables. La germinación es uno de los procesos más importantes en el crecimiento y desarrollo vegetal, ya que de ella depende la estabilización de los cultivos que se encuentran bajo condiciones de estrés. Se realizó un experimento en Tunja / Colombia con el fin de evaluar la influencia del aluminio sobre la germinación de las semillas de trigo (Triticum aestivum) y de maíz (Zea mayz), tomando como material vegetal semillas de tres cultivares de trigo (ICA Tenza, Sello rojo e ICA Bochica) y de dos cultivares de maíz (ICA V-305 e ICA V-508). De cada especie, ICA Bochica e ICA V-305 fueron los cultivares más afectados por aluminio; el porcentaje de germinación se redujo 31 y 15% en comparación con el testigo, respectivamente. En general, la germinación en trigo fue más afectada por aluminio que la germinación en maíz.Palabras clave: ICA Tenza, Sello Rojo, ICA Bochica, ICA V-305, ICA V-508.SUMMARY: There are great differences between species and cultivars regarding plant response to aluminium-induced toxicity. In spite of there being several studies on the topic, aluminium’s main cellular target still remains unknown and its effect on several vegetal development processes (i.e. germination) has been little studied and the few results found have been very variable. Germination is one of the most important processes in vegetal growth and development since stabilising crops growing under stress conditions depends on it. An experiment was carried out in Tunja, Colombia, aimed at evaluating aluminium’s influence on wheat (Triti- cum aestivum) and corn (Zea mayz) seed germination, taking seeds from three wheat (ICA Tenza, Sello rojo and ICA Bochica) and two corn cultivars (ICA V-305 and ICA V-508) as vegetal material. ICA Bochica and ICA V-305 were the cultivars in each specie which were most affected by aluminium; germination percentages became reduced by 31% and 15% respectively compared to control. Germination in corn was more affected by aluminium than germination in wheat.Key words: ICA Tenza, Sello Rojo, ICA Bochica, ICA V-305, ICA V-508
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Berdibekov, A. T. "REASON OF CORROSION OF ALUMINIUM PRODUCTS IN SEA WATER." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 20, no. 3(45) (September 21, 2023): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023no3/20-26.
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In this paper, the cause of corrosion of aluminium products in sea water is proposed. Corrosion is caused by incomplete oxidation of aluminum cells on the surface of products. Incomplete oxidation of aluminium cells occurs due to lack of energy in oxygen molecules. It is necessary to significantly increase the energy of oxygen molecules for oxidation the rhombic subsystem of a cubic face-centered aluminum cell. It is shown a significant decrease in the rate of the chemical reaction for the treated aluminium foil interacted with iodine in alcohol solution. The foil was in contact with oxygen heated to 450 °C and subjected to ultraviolet irradiation at the same time. It was pretreated for 12 hours. It is assumed that 12 hours of contact the foil with reactive oxygen species, most of the aluminium cells on the surface of the foil samples have been completely oxidised. This foil doesn’t react chemically with halogens.
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A’yun, Vina Qurrota, Evi Liviawaty, Rusky Intan Pratama, and Junianto. "Aluminium Foil as a Packaging Material for Fishery Products: A Review." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 23, no. 3 (July 6, 2023): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2023/v23i3604.
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Aluminium foil is a thin material made of aluminum metal used for packaging. Aluminium foil has good properties for packaging food products, including hermetic, flexible, opaque, impervious to moisture and water, non-flammable, and does not absorb other materials or substances. Widely, aluminium foil is used as a coating, especially for packaging food which must be protected from gas, moisture, odors, and light so that it can better maintain the durability of the packaged product. Fishery products need to be packaged to extend shelf life and maintain product quality. Several studies have shown that the use of aluminium foil packaging can extend the shelf life compared to other packaging.
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Han, Yu, Bao An Chen, Zhi Xiang Zhu, Dong Yu Liu, and Yan Qiu Xia. "Effects of Zr on Microstructure and Conductivity of Er Containing Heat-Resistant Aluminum Alloy Used for Wires." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.205.
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It has particular heat-resistant property and conductivity of high-conductivity heat-resistant Aluminium alloys, which would be wildly applied in transmission and transformation flied. Al-Er-Zr alloys containing different content of Zr were prepared. The effect of Zr on microstructure of heat-resistance Aluminum alloy were studied by using of STEM, and thermodynamic behavior of Zr in Aluminium alloy was analyzed based on the theory of alloy phase formation. The results showed that the effect of Zr content on the grain size of heat-resistant aluminum alloy was remarkable, and the conductivity of heat-resistance Aluminum alloy was influenced.
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Phạm, Ngọc Hiếu. "ĐÁNH GIÁ KHẢ NĂNG CHỊU LỰC CỦA CỘT NHÔM CHỮ C TẠO HÌNH NGUỘI THEO TIÊU CHUẨN AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND." Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology 2022, vi.vol4 (December 2022): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.59382/j-ibst.2022.vi.vol4-10.
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The cold-rolled aluminium sections are the new products made by utilising the existing cold-rolling system for cold-formed steel sections with two typical sections of channel and Zed sections. These new products have been demonstrated to save time and cost in manufacturing. The design of the cold-rolled aluminium members has been not regulated by any standards in the world. Research studies on behaviors and strengths of these members, therefore, have been carried out and original results on cold-rolled aluminium channel columns undergoing global buckling have been obtained. These studies were conducted in Australia. Therefore, the paper will collect these study results on cold-rolled aluminium channel columns, and these results are subsequently compared with the capacities from the Australian Aluminium Standard. The comparisons are carried out by using the reliability analysis as regulated in the American Aluminum Specification; this will be the base to evaluate the Australian/New Zealand Aluminium Standard in the design of cold-rolled aluminium alloy channel columns undergoing global buckling. It is found that the Australian standard provides un-conservative predictions for cold-rolled aluminium channel columns.
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Guo, Qian, Wenjin Yao, Wenbin Li, Xiaoming Wang, and Changqiang Huang. "Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Foam and How Density, Temperature, and Strain Rate Affect Dynamic Strain–Stress Relationship." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 2200–2212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4112.
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Aluminium foam has been popular in engineering, and aluminium foam research has become a research hotspot. The strain–stress relationship of aluminium foam presents three distinct stages. In this paper, the mechanical behaviours of aluminium foam materials under dynamic and quasi-static compression are studied. The effects of density, strain rate and temperature on the dynamic mechanical behavior of aluminum foam were analyzed. Combined with the dynamic and static stress–strain curves of aluminium foam, the specific characteristics and the phenomena in every stage of the compression process were studied by high-speed photography and CT. The experimental results show that aluminium foam undergoes obvious collapse layerby-layer in the process of compression. The stress–strain curves include a considerable stress drop after the elastic stage. Moreover, the structural defects of the material will cause the plastic failure in advance, and the possibility of the existence of structural defects will be affected by the density. Under dynamic compression, with increasing density the strain rate sensitivity of aluminium foam increase, but with the temperature increasing, the strain rate sensitivity was decrease.
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Galang, Galang Anugrah Pratama, Sehono, and Ferry Setiawan. "ANALISIS PENGARUH WAKTU PELAPISAN NIKEL PADA MATERIAL ALUMINIUM SERI 2024 TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKERASAN DENGAN METODE ELEKTROPLATING." Teknika STTKD: Jurnal Teknik, Elektronik, Engine 8, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.56521/teknika.v8i2.606.
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Pada saat ini penggunaan aluminium sudah diterapkan di bidang industri, otomototif, dan kesehatan. Penggunaan aluminium tidak lepas dari sifat tahan korosi yang baik serta memiliki kekuatan mekanis yang relatif baik. Selain itu aluminium juga mudah untuk dilakukan proses fabrikasi. Sifat dari aluminium tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk pembuatan bagian pada pesawat terbang. Salah satu jenis aluminium yang banyak digunakan pada pesawat yaitu aluminium alloy 2024. Untuk menjadikan material aluminium menjadi lebih baik, salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat material aluminium menjadi lebih baik adalah dengan elektroplating. Proses elektroplating adalah pemindahan ion logam pelapis menuju logam yang akan dilapisi. Prinsip kerja dari elektroplating adalah bagian anoda akan menghantarkan ion menuju katoda. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses elektroplating dengan melapisi aluminum 2024 menggunakan nikel. Variasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu waktu proses elektroplating pada material, adapun variasi yang digunakan yaitu 20 menit, 30 menit, dan 40 menit. Setelah dilakukan proses elektroplating selanjutnya melakukan pengujin tarik dan kekerasan pada material. Dari hasil pengujian tarik maka untuk variasi aluminium tanpa proses elektroplating merupakan yang tertinggi, adapun nilai kekuatan tariknya yaitu 482,65 MPa. Sedangkan pada material dengan proses elektroplating terlama (40 menit) kekuatan tariknya yaitu 410,408 MPa. Pada pengujian kekerasan juga menunjukan semakin lama proses elektroplating akan menurunkan nilai kekerasan.
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Harnau, Georg. "Aluminium strahlt Aluminium." JOT Journal für Oberflächentechnik 55, no. 8 (July 27, 2015): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35144-015-0679-6.
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Harnau, Georg. "Aluminium strahlt Aluminium." JOT Journal für Oberflächentechnik 55, S19 (October 2015): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35144-015-0769-5.
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Saraswati, Komang Ardya Putri, and Mohammad Razif. "POTENSI PEMANFAATAN SLAG ALUMINIUM SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI SEMEN DALAM PROSES STABILISASI/SOLIDIFIKASI LIMBAH B3 DENGAN KAJIAN PUSTAKA (STUDI KASUS : PT.X KECAMATAN KESAMBEN, JOMBANG)." JURNAL ENVIROTEK 12, no. 2 (November 22, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/envirotek.v12i2.69.
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Slag aluminium tergolong limbah bahan berbahaya beracun (B3) dalam PP 101 tahun 2014 dengan kode B313-2 dan efeknya kronis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan slag aluminum dengan menganalisa karakteristik limbah, proses solidfikasi dan kualitas kuat tekan dan TCLP produk solidifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik slag memiliki kandungan unsur B3 sesuai PP 101 tahun 2014 wajib dikelola, salah satunya dengan Stabilisasi/solidifikasi. Metode analisa pemanfaatan solidifikasi limbah slag aluminium dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan pengahancuran (crushing), penggilingan (grinding), pemilahan (sorting) dari aluminium dross dan pemulihan metal dengan peleburan. Slag berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan konstruksi seperti beton geompolimer, bata beton, batako, dan paving block. Komposisi slag aluminium dengan solidifikasi menunjukkan tidak melebihi 20% karena produk akan mengalami perlindian. Uji Kuat Tekan slag tertinggi pada PT.X jombang sebagai paving block tertinggi yaitu 36,8 Mpa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan parkir. Uji TCLP dari pemanfaatan slag aluminium memenuhi standar USEPA dan aman bagi lingkungan.
Kata Kunci : slag aluminium, solidifikasi, kuat tekan, TCLP
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Uzun, A. "Compressive Crush Performance of Square Tubes Filled with Spheres of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foams." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 1755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0267.
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AbstractThis paper describes the compressive crush behaviour of spheres of closed-cell aluminium foams with different diameters (6, 8 and 10 mm) and square tubes filled with these spheres. The spheres of closed-cell aluminium foams are net spherical shape fabricated via powder metallurgy methods by heating foamable precursor materials in a mould. The square tubes were filled by pouring the spheres of closed-cell aluminium foams freely (without any bonding). The compressive crush performance of square tubes filled with spheres of closed-cell aluminum foams were compared to that of the empty tubes. The results show a significant influence of the spheres of closed-cell aluminium foam on the average crushing load of the square tubes. The energy absorption in the square tube filled with spheres of closed-cell aluminium foam with diameters of 10 mm is higher than in the other square tubes. The spheres of closed-cell aluminium foams led to improvement of the energy absorption capacity of empty tubes.
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Zhu, Ji Hua, Miao Chang Zhu, Liang Liang Wei, Wei Wen Li, and Feng Xing. "Bond Behavior of Aluminum Laminates in NSM Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1053.
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An attempt was made to replace the commonly used Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) with aluminium alloy in NSM technique. This paper presents experimental investigation of interfacial bond behavior between NSM aluminium laminates and concrete structures. Aluminum laminates were mounted into premade slit of concrete with epoxy resin. Test results show that both maximum applied force and ductility of NSM reinforced specimens can be effectively improved by increasing bond length and width of aluminium laminates, whilst almost no change was found in average bond strength at the same time. Besides, the loaded end slip of specimen, corresponding to the maximum applied force, was mutually influenced by bond length and width of aluminium laminates. Furthermore, the measured strain distribution of aluminium laminates along the direction of bond length of specimen was found to be similar to that of FRP in NSM technique.
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Edigarov, V. R. "Surface Friction-Electric Treatment of Aluminum Alloys." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 10 (727) (November 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-10-47-53.
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This paper examines a combined friction-electric treatment of surface layers of machine parts made of aluminums alloys. The temperature released during the friction process is the main technological factor of the treatment, and the heat released during the passage of electric current through the local volume of friction-thermal action is an additional heat source. The paper presents the results of studying a surface modification method involving friction-electric treatment of aluminium alloys with reinforcement by aluminium oxide particles under varied technological conditions: density of electric current, pressing force of the tool, shape of the tool working zone and speed of treatment. A hard alloy tool with high temperature resistance was used as a tool for friction-electric treatment. The tool was installed in a mandrel of a special design allowing supply of a modifier representing a mixture of aluminum oxide particles with a surfactant to the treatment zone. Using the friction-electric treatment of the surface layer of samples with reinforcement by aluminum oxide particles it was possible to increase the surface hardness by about 30–40 % and thickness of the hardened layer by 3–5 times due to the local deformation and passage of electric current through the treatment zone, and to improve wear resistance of the surface layer.
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Lesmana, Sigit Dwi, Mulianti Mulianti, Delima Yanti Sari, and Andril Arafat. "ANALISA KEKUATAN IMPACT PADA ALUMINIUM 6061 DENGAN VARIASI LAPISAN SERAT KARBON APLIKASI KERANGKA MOBIL LISTRIK." Jurnal Vokasi Mekanika (VoMek) 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/vomek.v3i1.183.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekuatan material aluminium 6061 diberi perlakuan pelapisan serat karbon dengan variasi ketebalan 3 mm, 5 mm, dan 7 mm menggunakan metode uji impact charpy. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Metode ini biasa digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan sebab dan akibat. Penelitian ini hanya berfokus pada kekuatan material, di luar pada analisis struktur kekuatan rangka mobil prototipe sehingga diharapkan dapat dijadikan bahan kajian atau informasi untuk dunia kerja dan memberikan informasi yang positif untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya ilmu bahan. Hasil dari pengujian impact yaitu aluminium dengan lapisan 3 mm sebesar 0,26 joule/mm2, nilai ini turun dari pada aluminium tanpa lapisan sekitar 0,29 joule/mm2. Selanjutnya aluminium dengan lapisan 5 mm sebesar 0,23 joule/mm2, nilai ini turun dari pada aluminum tanpa lapisan dan aluminium dengan lapisan 3 mm sekitar 0,32 joule/mm2 dan 0,03 joule/mm2. Turunnya nilai harga impact disebabkan oleh kurangnya lekatan dari serat karbon terhadap aluminium. aluminium dengan lapisan 7 mm sebesar 0,45 joule/mm2, dan aluminium tanpa lapisan sebesar 0,55 joule/mm2. Semakin tebal lapisan serat semakin tinggi nilai energi serap. Melihat analisis yang telah dikaji, kekuatan yang didapatkan, diketahui dengan ketebalan lapisan manakah yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dari kerangka mobil listrik melalui pengujian impact.
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Wang, Hai Chuan, Dan Liu, Zhi You Liao, Ming Li, Jie Lie, Gui Wang, and Matthew S. Dargusch. "Effect of Ultrasonic Power on the Microstructure and Hardness of Commercially Pure Aluminum." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1192.
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Molten, commercially pure aluminum has been treated ultrasonically with differing input power. The results show that the ultrasonic power can significantly refine the microstructure of the aluminium and increase the hardness of the samples. A mathematical model developed in this paper can predict the effect of the ultrasonic power on the grain size of the pure aluminium well.
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Michalik, Marek, Monika Kasina, Bartłomiej Kajdas, and Piotr Kowalski. "Form of the Occurrence of Aluminium in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residue—Even Hydrogen Is Lost." Energies 15, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 8186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218186.
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In the bottom ash (BA) of municipal solid waste incineration, the content of iron and aluminum is relatively high. The efficiency of eddy current extraction of non-ferrous metals (including aluminium) routinely used in incineration plants is limited. The determination of the form of occurrence of aluminium or aluminium-rich components in BA is important in terms of its recovery or utilisation. BA from a newly built incineration plant in Poland was analysed using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with chemical microanalysis. Samples of water-quenched BA were analysed. For comparison, a non-quenched sample (collected above a water tank) was analysed. The obtained results indicate that aluminium-rich components in BA are present in both the melt phase and quench phase. In the melt phase (glassy material), the content of aluminium is low (usually below 2 wt%). Aluminium-rich components present in glass, inherited after aluminium products are usually oxidised, and occur as platy or irregular forms. Aluminium components in the quench phase are significantly transformed with the common presence of Cl− and SO42− phases formed during reaction with the quench water. Secondary phases form simple or complex rims around metallic or slightly oxidised cores, of which the size is significantly reduced during transformations. The variety in the forms of aluminium occurrence in BA makes its recovery challenging and inefficient. The reduced content of metallic aluminium indicates that the potential for hydrogen generation of BA is low.
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Mamala, A., and W. Sciężor. "Evaluation of the Effect of Selected Alloying Elements on the Mechanical and Electrical Aluminium Properties." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0069.
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Abstract Modern industry expects aluminum products with new, unusual, and well-defined functional properties. Last years we are able to notice constant development of aluminium alloys. In food industry, power engineering, electrical engineering and building engineering, flat rolled products of 1XXX series aluminium alloys are used.8XXX series alloys registered in Aluminium Association during last 20 years may be used as an alternative. These alloys have very good thermal and electrical conductivity and perfect technological formability. Moreover, these materials are able to obtain by aluminium scrap recycling. Fundamental alloy additives of 8XXX series are Fe, Si, Mn, Mg, Cu and Zn. Aluminium alloying with these additives makes it possible to obtain materials with different mechanical ale electrical properties. In this paper, the analysis of alloy elements content (in 8XXX series) effect on chosen properties of material in as cast and after thermal treatment tempers has been presented.
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Abenojar, J., Asuncion Bautista, S. Guzmán, Francisco Velasco, and M. A. Martinez. "Study through Potentiodynamic Techniques of the Corrosion Resistance of Different Aluminium Base MMC´s with Boron Additions." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.203.
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This paper compares wrought aluminium with PM aluminum and PM aluminium alloys with boron-base additions, containing boron carbide and Fe/B (obtained by mechanical alloying during 36 hours from a Fe-B 50% mixture by weight). The effect of sintering temperature for the Fe/B containing material and the effect of mechanical alloying for the boron carbide containing aluminium alloy on the corrosion resistance of those materials have been studied. Their behavior is followed through cyclic anodic polarization curves in chloride media. In the Al+20%Fe/B composite, low sintering temperatures (650-950°C) exert a negative effect. However, when the material was sintered at high temperature (1000-1100°C) its behaviour was very similar to the PM pure aluminium. The effect of mechanical alloying studied in aluminium with boron carbide was also important in corrosion resistance, finding a lower corrosion rate in the mechanically alloyed material.
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Liu, He Ping, Feng Er Sun, Shao Lei Cheng, Lang Lang Liu, and Yi Bo Gao. "Microstructure Analysis and Preparation of Graphene Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 814 (July 2019): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.814.102.
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Although many problems in aluminium matrix composites have been solved, there are still many difficulties and challenges that need to be solved. In this work, graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites are prepared by hot isostatic pressing and vacuum sintering. The microstructures of composite powders and composites were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of different ball milling parameters on the microstructures of composite powders were analyzed. The particle size of graphene coated aluminium composite powder increases with the increase of ball-to-material ratio. With the increase of milling time, graphene was gradually dispersed and coated on the aluminium powder particles, and the aluminium powder particles could be completely coated. with the increase of the speed, the large particles are extruded, sheared and the particles become smaller. The internal micro-deformation characteristics of graphene reinforced aluminium matrix composites were analyzed in detail.