Journal articles on the topic 'Aluminium smelting cell'

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1

Agnihotri, A., S. U. Pathak, and J. Mukhopadhyay. "Cell Voltage Noise in Aluminium Smelting." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 67, no. 2 (October 5, 2013): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-013-0348-5.

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2

Agnihotri, Anupam, Shail Umakant Pathak, and Jyoti Mukhopadhyay. "Metal Instabilities and its Effect on Cell Performance during Aluminium Smelting." Advanced Materials Research 828 (November 2013): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.828.45.

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The Hall-Heroult process for the production of aluminium is based on the electrochemical reduction of alumina (Al2O3) dissolved in a cryolite (Na3AlF6) based electrolyte. Instability in cell voltage is referred to as noise. Normal voltage noise is inevitable due to bubble evolution and it has little effect on performance parameters such as, current efficiency and power consumption. Metal rolling noise (wavy noise) is caused by the disturbances in cell magnetic field and it affects the cell current efficiency adversely. Investigating the causes of the cell instability in the aluminium smelting cells can lead to better cell performance. Understanding the variation in cell voltage is critical for cells, because magnitude of voltage determines the energy consumption pattern in the process and hence, any saving on voltage can save energy. Voltage affects the current efficiency of the cell and an optimum cell voltage leads to higher current efficiency without compromising on energy consumption. Magnetic, current distribution, heat loss and voltage at zero current measurements along with online current and voltage signal can help to identify the problems and their combined effects on the performance of the cells. In order to estimate the loss in current efficiency of the aluminum electrolysis cells due to metal instabilities, measurements were performed and data analyzed. The present paper analyses the effect of voltage fluctuations (noise) during metal instability along with cause of instability and its effect on current efficiency of the cell. Measurements carried out to estimate the deviations from the normal cell operations are also discussed.
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3

Pietrzyk, Stanislaw, and Piotr Palimaka. "Testing of Aluminium Carbide Formation in Hall-Heroult Electrolytic Cell." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2438.

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The trend in the aluminium smelting industry today is to operate cells with graphitized carbon cathode linings, increased current density and acidic bath chemistry. The resulting problem is an accelerated wear of graphitized cathode blocks, thought to be caused by formation and subsequent dissolution of Al4C3 at the cathode lining surface. The cycle of formation and subsequent dissolution Al4C3 is recognized as one of the most important mechanism causing pothole and surface wear, which results in limiting of the cell lifetime and loss efficiency. A special laboratory test method was developed to elucidate the mechanism of Al4C3 formation in electrolytic cell. The Al4C3 formation in the region between the carbon surface and aluminium as well as between the carbon surface and electrolytic bath has also been studied using X-ray diffraction, as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy. Solid Al4C3 layer was observed at the carbon surface. A possible mechanism which explains the presence of Al4C3 at the metal-bath interface is the transfer of dissolved carbide in the bath from metal-carbon interface.
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4

Solberg, Ingar. "Wave Detection and Characterization from Current and Voltage Signals of an Aluminium Smelting Cell." Modeling, Identification and Control: A Norwegian Research Bulletin 24, no. 1 (2003): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4173/mic.2003.1.1.

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5

Jones, Mark Ian, Ron Etzion, Jim Metson, You Zhou, Hideki Hyuga, Yuichi Yoshizawa, and Kiyoshi Hirao. "Reaction Bonded Silicon Nitride - Silicon Carbide and SiAlON - Silicon Carbide Refractories for Aluminium Smelting." Key Engineering Materials 403 (December 2008): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.403.235.

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The widely used Si3N4-SiC sidewall refractories for aluminum smelting cells, and β SiAlON-SiC composites that can be potentially used for this purpose, have been produced by reaction bonding and their corrosion performance assessed in simulated aluminum electrochemical cell conditions. The formation of the Si3N4 and SiAlON phases were studied by reaction bonding of silicon powders in a nitrogen atmosphere at low temperatures to promote the formation of silicon nitride, followed by a higher heating step to produce β SiAlON composites of different composition. The corrosion performance was studied in a laboratory scale aluminum electrolysis cell where samples were exposed to both liquid attack from molten salt bath and corrosive gas attack. The corrosion resistance of the samples was shown to be dependent on the composition but more importantly on the environment during corrosion, with samples in the gas phase showing higher corrosion.
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6

Becker, AaronJ. "Ceramic materials for aluminum smelting cells." Materials Science and Engineering 71 (May 1985): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(85)90241-1.

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7

Hyland, M. M., E. C. Patterson, F. Stevens-McFadden, and B. J. Welch. "Aluminium fluoride consumption and control in smelting cells." Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 30, no. 6 (December 2001): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300609.x.

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8

Liu, Jingjing, Shanghai Wei, John J. J. Chen, Hasini Wijayaratne, Zhaowen Wang, Bingliang Gao, and Mark P. Taylor. "Investigation of the Ledge Structure in Aluminum Smelting Cells." JOM 72, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03863-4.

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9

Feng, Y. Q., W. Yang, M. Cooksey, and M. P. Schwarz. "Development of Bubble Driven Flow CFD Model Applied for Aluminium Smelting Cells." Journal of Computational Multiphase Flows 2, no. 3 (September 2010): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1757-482x.2.3.179.

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10

Liu, Xiaozhen, Youjian Yang, Zhaowen Wang, Wenju Tao, Tuofu Li, and Zhibin Zhao. "CFD Modeling of Alumina Diffusion and Distribution in Aluminum Smelting Cells." JOM 71, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3260-y.

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11

Tandon, G., M. P. Taylor, and J. J. J. Chen. "A Case Study of Variation in Aluminum Smelting Cell Thermal State with Control Implications." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 38, no. 4 (July 20, 2007): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-007-9074-x.

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12

Taylor, M. P., B. J. Welch, and R. McKibbin. "Effect of convective heat transfer and phase change on the stability of aluminium smelting cells." AIChE Journal 32, no. 9 (September 1986): 1459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320907.

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13

McFadden, Fiona J. Stevens, Barry J. Welch, and Pual C. Austin. "The multivariable model-based control of the non-alumina electrolyte variables in aluminum smelting cells." JOM 58, no. 2 (February 2006): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-006-0008-x.

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14

Stakhanov, V. V., A. A. Redkin, Yu P. Zaikov, and A. E. Galashev. "INFLUENCE OF ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION AND OVERHEATING ON THE SIDELEDGE IN THE ALUMINUM CELL." Izvestiya Vuzov Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Proceedings of Higher Schools Nonferrous Metallurgy, no. 4 (August 16, 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2018-4-24-30.

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The paper presents a theoretical study conducted to investigate the effect that the chemical composition of electrolyte and its overheating have on the size of sideledge formed in an aluminum smelting bath. Three electrolyte compositions were chosen: (1) sodium cryolite with the cryolite ratio CR = 2,7; (2) cryolite CR = 2,7 + 5 wt.% CaF2; (3) cryolite CR = 2,7 + 5 wt.% CaF2 + 5 wt.% Al2О3. The electrolyte liquidus overheating temperatures were 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C. Calculations were performed using the finite element method. A simplified design of an aluminum cell was used with a prebaked anode. The temperature field was calculated using a mathematical model based on the Boussinesq approximation, which contains the Navier–Stokes equation as well as thermal conductivity and incompressibility equations. The key role of electrolyte overheating in sideledge formation was established. The resulting sideledge profile depends on the heat transfer coefficients and thermophysical properties of materials. The smallest sideledge thickness with the same electrolyte overheating was observed in cryolite composition 3, and the profiles of the formed sideledge for samples 1 and 2 were nearly the same. The thickness of the sideledge formed with a 5 degree overheating exceeded 7 cm and the difference in temperature between the sideledge in contact with electrolyte and the side block wall was 20–25 degrees. It was found that the virtually total disappearance of the sideledge occurs at electrolyte liquidus overheating by 20 degrees.
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15

Utkov, V. A., V. M. Sizyakov, N. M. Telyakov, V. A. Kryukovskii, I. I. Rebrik, and V. I. Smola. "Variant for the centralized processing of carbon-bearing wastes formed in capital repairs to aluminum smelting cells." Metallurgist 52, no. 11-12 (November 2008): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-009-9101-z.

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16

Wang, Qiang, Louis Gosselin, Mario Fafard, Jianping Peng, and Baokuan Li. "Numerical Investigation on the Impact of Anode Change on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Aluminum Smelting Cells." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 47, no. 2 (December 23, 2015): 1228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0558-9.

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