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Journal articles on the topic 'Aluminium 2024 alloy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Mrówka-Nowotnik, Grazyna, and Jan Sieniawski. "Analysis of Intermetallic Phases in 2024 Aluminium Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 197 (February 2013): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.197.238.

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The main objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of the microstructure (morphology, composition and distribution of intermetallic phases) in the 2024 aluminium alloy cooled with different cooling rates after solidification process. A few techniques: optical light microscopy (LM), scanning (SEM) electron microscopy combined with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to identify intermetallics in the examined alloy. The results show that the microstructure of 2024 aluminum alloys in as-cast condition consisted following intermetallic phases: Al2Cu, Al2CuMg, Al7Cu2Fe, Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, AlCuFeMnSi and Mg2Si.

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2

Huang, Chuan Yong. "Electroless Ni-La-P Coatings on 2024 Aluminum Alloys for Aircraft Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.348.

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2024 aluminium alloys are widely used in airframe construction.However,this series of alloys are susceptible to corrosion to limit their usefulness,In this study,electroless Ni-La-P alloy plating on aluminum alloy and the effects of pH value,temperature and concentration of LaNiO3 on deposition rate were investigated.Surface morphology and corosion-resistant of the electroless Ni-La-P deposits were evaluated.The results showed the corrosion-resistant in 5％ NaC1 solutions obviously enhance compared with original aluminum alloy using electroless Ni-La-P deposition method．

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3

Agustin, Helena C. Kis, Indra Sidharta, and Astri W. Caesarti. "Cladding and Natural Aging of Aluminium Alloy 2024 for Aircraft Application." Key Engineering Materials 940 (January 30, 2023): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-l01171.

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Aluminium alloy 2024 is widely used in the manufacturing of aircraft components such as skin panels for the wing. Generally, the aluminium alloy 2024 is delivered as cold work condition i.e., 2024 T3. However, the aluminium alloy 2024 T3 does not meet the standard for aircraft wing skin. Therefore, further treatments such as cladding and heat treatment are carried out to improve its quality. Cladding was introduced to the 2024 T3 alloy at 495 °C using commercial purity aluminium. Subsequently, T42 heat treatment was introduced to the 2024 T3 alloy at 500 °C for 40 minutes, then followed by quenching and natural aging for 96 hours, yielding 2024 T42 aluminium alloy with cladding (T42 Clad). 2024 T42 aluminium alloy without cladding (T42 Bare) was also obtained by T42 heat treatment of 2024 T3. The effect of cladding and natural aging on mechanical properties is investigated by tensile test and hardness test. Conductivity meter was used to determine the electrical conductivity. Intergranular corrosion test and stress corrosion crack test were performed to investigate the effect of cladding and natural aging on corrosion resistance. Results indicate that the solution treatment and natural aging improve corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, but reduce electrical conductivity values. Cladding gives higher electrical conductivity value and elongation. Both natural aging and cladding treatment provide appropriate aluminium alloy for aircraft wing skins.

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4

Jaiganesh, V., D. Srinivasan, and P. Sevvel. "Optimization of process parameters on friction stir welding of 2014 aluminum alloy plates." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.8906.

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Aluminum Alloy 2014 is a light weight high strength alloy used widely in the aerospace and also in other industries. 2014 is the second most popular of the 2000-series aluminium alloys, after 2024 aluminium alloy. However, it is difficult to weld, as it is subject to cracking. Joining of 2014 aluminium alloy in friction stir welding which is based on frictional heat generated through contact between a rotating tool and the work piece. Determination of the welding parameters such as spindle speed, transverse feed , tilt angle plays an important role in weld strength. The whole optimization process is carried out using Taguchi technique. The SEM analysis is done to check the micro structure of the material after welding by electron interaction with the atoms in the sample. Tensile test have been conducted and the s-n ratio curve is generated. The test is conducted and analysed on the basis of ASTM standards.

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5

Zhou, Qi, Xuan Xiao, Da Li Zhao, and En Jun Song. "Alumina Sol-Gel Films and Alodine Films on Al 2024 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.364.

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Development of the sol-gel films for painting pretreatment of aluminium alloy is to replace bichromate conversion films such as Alodine. Corrosion resistance of Alodine film and sol-gel film were evaluated through potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, salt spraying and acidic dropping solution. Sol-gel film is almost the same as Alodine film at the film surface density, salt spraying resistance and adhesion with painting coating. Changing color times of dropping solution on sol-gel film is shorter than Alodine film. But the corrosion current of sol-gel film is lower than Alodine and the impedance value is higher than Alodine in 35g/L NaCl solution. Mechanism of corrosion resistance of alumina sol-gel film is that the cathode reaction and anodic reactions are restrained by sol-gel film in the Cl- corrosive medium. The EIS of sol-gel film consisted of only a single capacitive arc with one time constant. Sol-gel coating can prevent or delay the corrosive solution from infiltrating the substrate for its better isolation function, thus protecting 2024 aluminium alloy from corrosion. Sol-gel films can improve corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy and have the same adhesion as Alodine film. It will be a promising alternative pretreatment for aluminum alloys prior to painting.

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6

Beaver, P. W., M. Heller, and T. V. Rose. "DETERMINATIONS OF JICFOR 2024-T351 ALUMINIUM ALLOY." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 10, no. 6 (November 1987): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00499.x.

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7

Priya, Gupta Manoj Kumar, and Patel Vinay Kumar. "Effect of Carbonitriding on Tribomechanical and Corrosion-Resistant Properties of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium 2024 Alloy." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2021-0030.

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Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is extensively used to join aluminium alloys components in space and aircraft industries. Al 2024 is a heat-treatable aluminium alloy with copper as the primary alloying element which has good strength and fatigue resistance. This paper investigates the effect of carbonitriding surface modification on the hardness, tensile strength and impact strength of FSW welded Al 2024 joints. The friction stir welding was performed on three different sets of aluminium alloy (Al2024:Al2024, Al2024: carbonitrided-Al2024, carbonitrided-Al2024: carbonitrided-Al2024) at two different tool rotation speed (TRS) and two welding speed using cylindrical pin tool. The carbonitriding pre-treatment of Al-2024 alloy demonstrated significant improvement in the tensile strength, percentage elongation, abrasion wear resistance and corrosion resistance with the sacrifice of impact strength. The maximum tensile strength of all three sets of samples after FSW was recorded in descending order of (i) carbonitrided-Al2024:carbonitrided-Al2024 (ii) Al2024:Carbonitrided-Al2024 and (iii) Al2024:Al2024. The friction stir welded joint of carbonitrided aluminium alloy exhibited best abrasive wear resistant and corrosion resistant properties.

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8

Veljic, Darko, Bojan Medjo, Marko Rakin, Zoran Radosavljevic, and Nikola Bajic. "Analysis of the tool plunge in friction stir welding - comparison of aluminium alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351." Thermal Science 20, no. 1 (2016): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150313059v.

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Temperature, plastic strain and heat generation during the plunge stage of the friction stir welding (FSW) of high-strength aluminium alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351 are considered in this work. The plunging of the tool into the material is done at different rotating speeds. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model for thermomechanical simulation is developed. It is based on arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation, and Johnson-Cook material law is used for modelling of material behaviour. From comparison of the numerical results for alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351, it can be seen that the former has more intensive heat generation from the plastic deformation, due to its higher strength. Friction heat generation is only slightly different for the two alloys. Therefore, temperatures in the working plate are higher in the alloy 2024 T3 for the same parameters of the plunge stage. Equivalent plastic strain is higher for 2024 T351 alloy, and the highest values are determined under the tool shoulder and around the tool pin. For the alloy 2024 T3, equivalent plastic strain is the highest in the influence zone of the tool pin.

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9

Nugroho, Fajar. "PENGARUH RAPAT ARUS ANODIZING TERHADAP NILAI KEKERASAN PADA PLAT ALUMINIUM PADUAN AA SERI 2024-T3." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 7, no. 2 (September 13, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v7i2.147.

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Aluminum alloy AA 2024-T3 is widely applied in the aircraft industry because it has good mechanical properties such as; light weight, good conductivity and the corrosion resistance. However Aluminium 2024-T3 susceptible to wearing. One method to improve the wear resistance o f AA 2024-T3 is the anodizing process. The aims of this research to study the effect of current density and anodizing time against the hardness of aluminum alloy AA 2024-T3. The process of anodizing was carried out using 10 percent sulfuric acid solution with the current density of 1.5 Ampere per decimeters square, 3.0 Ampere per decimeters square and 4.5 Ampere per decimeters square with immersion times of 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Furthermore, the surface hardness was measured by using the Vickers hardness test method. As the supporting data the composition of the test conducted, testing the microstructure, and vickers hardness test. This study shows that the surface hardness of aluminum alloy AA 2024-T3 is influenced by the current density and anodizing time with varying values. Its shows that higher current density o f the anodizing caused optimal time tends to be short. The longer anodising time it will produce greater layer of aluminum oxide.

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10

Thant Htoo, Aye, Yukio Miyashita, Yuichi Otsuka, Yoshiharu Mutoh, and Shigeo Sakurai. "OS1534 Singular Fatigue Behaviour of Notched Specimen in 2024 T4 Aluminium alloy." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2013 (2013): _OS1534–1_—_OS1534–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2013._os1534-1_.

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11

Kemp, R. M. J., R. N. Wilson, and P. J. Gregson. "A Comparison of the Corrosion Fatigue Properties of Plate Aluminium Alloys for Aerospace Applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 207, no. 2 (July 1993): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_253_02.

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A corrosive environment such as salt water can severely degrade the fatigue properties of aluminium alloys used in aerospace applications. The corrosion fatigue crack growth rate properties of two conventional alloys, that is Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy (7010-T7651) and Al-Cu-Mg alloy (2024–T351) have been compared with the more recently developed Al-Li-Cu-Mg alloy (8090-T8771). Increased growth rates were observed in salt water compared to air for 7010 and 8090 but not for 2024. Comparing the three alloys, the 8090 alloy corrosion fatigue rates were similar to those of 2024 which were considerably less than those for 7010. The increase in crack growth in 8090 due to environment was associated with a decrease in the high level of crack closure observed for tests in air. The susceptibility of an alloy to corrosion fatigue can be summarized using a ‘corrosion fatigue resistance’ index, Rcf

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12

Aran, Ahmet, Mehmet Demirkol, and Aykut Karabulut. "Bauschinger effect in precipitation-strengthened aluminium alloy 2024." Materials Science and Engineering 89 (May 1987): L35—L39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(87)90271-0.

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13

Wilk, M. S., and R. E. Śliwa. "The Influence of Features of Aluminium Alloys 2024, 6061 and 7075 on the Properties of Glare-Type Composites / Wpływ Właściwości Stopów Aluminium 2024, 6061, 7075 Na Cechy Kompozytu Typu Glare." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 3101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0496.

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The above paper presents the assumptions and results of the research whose aim was to determine the influence of 2024, 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys on the final properties of GLARE-type composites. GLARE 3 2/1 type composites, made of two layers of the epoxy prepreg, reinforced with unidirectional glass fibers, arranged in the direction of 0°/90°, and two sheets of aluminum with a thickness of 0.4 mm, were investigated. Composites of various stacking configurations of alloy layers, made of one type of aluminum alloy (so-called ‘homogeneous composites’), and two different alloys (mixed composites), were analyzed. The properties of the composites were evaluated with the use of the mixing rule and compared with the test results. The influence of the used aluminum alloys on mechanical properties of GLARE-type composites has been determined. GLARE-type composite made of 7075 alloy sheets had the most favorable mechanical properties in comparison to properties of composites with 2024 and 6061 sheets. It has been shown how the properties of GLARE-type composites depend on the type of the aluminum alloy. It has been also proved that the properties of GLARE-type composites can be evaluated with the use of the mixing rule.

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14

Mazahery, A., and M. O. Shabani. "Sol–gel coated B4C particles reinforced 2024 Al matrix composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 226, no. 2 (December 4, 2011): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420711428996.

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In this study, mechanical and wear properties of unreinforced 2024 Al alloy and composites with different vol.% of coated and uncoated boron carbide particles were experimentally investigated. It is seen that incorporation of hard particles to 2024 aluminium alloy contributes to the improvement of the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the base alloy to a great extent. Hard particles take part in resisting penetration, cutting, and grinding by the abrasive and protect the surface. It is noted that the increase in the weight fraction of B4C particles improves the wear resistance of the composites. Based on the weight loss data, composites with 30 vol.% B4C particles have the highest wear resistance among all the tested samples and unreinforced aluminium alloys give the lowest wear resistance. The results show that TiB2 coating of the B4C particles improved the mechanical properties. It is observed that the weight losses of the coated composites are less than those of the composites without coating.

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15

Murthy, Dr V. S. Srinivasa. "Experimental Investigation on Surface Roughness and Metal Removal Rate of Aluminium 2024 Alloy." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38199.

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Abstract: The purpose of this work is to investigate experimentally the surface roughness and MRR while machining of aluminium 2024 alloy which is prepared by powder metallurgical technique. Aluminium 2024 alloy prepared with different composition such as Pure Al, 1.5 W% of Mg and 2-6 % of Cu powders. Powders are blended with ball milling machine according to the composition required and specimens are prepared in square shape die (25*25mm) by applying uniaxial load of 200Mpa. The sintering process was performed at 594 0C for 60 min and cooled at room temperature. SEM and XRD analysis was carried out to know various characteristics like green density, dimensional changes during sintering, sintering density, mechanical properties and microstructures. Finally the Surface roughness and MRR during machining with CNC milling machine at different depth of cuts was also evaluated. Keywords: Aluminium 2024 alloy, surface roughness, MRR, SEM and XRD analysis

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16

Leal, Rui M., and Altino Loureiro. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welds in Aluminium Alloys 2024-T3, 5083-O and 6063-T6." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.697.

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The aim of this research is to study the effect of the welding process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints in aluminium alloys 2024- T3, 5083-O and 6063-T6. A small loss of hardness and strength was obtained in welds in alloys 2024-T3 and 5083-O as opposed to welds in alloy 6063-T6, where a substantial softening and a drop of strength were observed. In alloy 6063-T6 a strength efficiency of only 45 to 47% was obtained.

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17

Booth, D., and I. Sinclair. "Fatigue of Friction Stir Welded 2024-T351 Aluminium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 396-402 (July 2002): 1671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.396-402.1671.

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18

Staszczyk, Anna, Jacek Sawicki, Łukasz Kołodziejczyk, and Sebastian Lipa. "Nanoindentation Study of Intermetallic Particles in 2024 Aluminium Alloy." Coatings 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090846.

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Nanoindentation tests are useful for determining the local mechanical properties of materials. However, the method has its limitations, and its accuracy is strongly influenced by the nano-scale geometry of the indented area. The authors chose to perform measurements of the hardness and elastic modulus of intermetallic particles in 2024 aluminium alloys. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the particles’ depth and shape on the accuracy of the nanoindentation result. Several simulations were performed with the use of the finite element method on different geometries mirroring possible real-life configurations of the particle and matrix. The authors compared the force vs. deformation curves for all of the variants. The results showed that the nanoindentation process is different for a particle with the same mechanical properties depending on its depth under the investigated surface. Therefore, the measured values of hardness and elastic modulus for intermetallic particles are partly the result of interaction with a matrix.

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19

Rivière, A., and V. Pelosin. "Low frequency relaxation effect observed on 2024 aluminium alloy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 310, no. 1-2 (September 2000): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(00)00941-5.

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20

H.B, Bhaskar. "Tribological Properties of Aluminium 2024 Alloy Beryl Particulate MMC's." Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science 2, no. 4 (March 30, 2012): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijiems.1845.

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21

RODOPOULOS, C. A., E. R. DE LOS RIOS, A. LEVERS, and J. R. YATES. "A fatigue damage map for 2024-T3 aluminium alloy." Fatigue Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 26, no. 7 (July 2003): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00526.x.

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22

Milan, Růžička, Doubrava Karel, Vargas Miguel, and Kramberger Janez. "Fatigue Behaviour of Laser Machined Aluminium Alloy 2024-T3." Acta Mechanica Slovaca 15, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21496/ams.2011.016.

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23

Lamaka, S. V., M. L. Zheludkevich, K. A. Yasakau, M. F. Montemor, and M. G. S. Ferreira. "High effective organic corrosion inhibitors for 2024 aluminium alloy." Electrochimica Acta 52, no. 25 (September 2007): 7231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.058.

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24

Boisier, Grégory, Nicolas Portail, and Nadine Pébère. "Corrosion inhibition of 2024 aluminium alloy by sodium decanoate." Electrochimica Acta 55, no. 21 (August 2010): 6182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.080.

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25

Galang, Galang Anugrah Pratama, Sehono, and Ferry Setiawan. "ANALISIS PENGARUH WAKTU PELAPISAN NIKEL PADA MATERIAL ALUMINIUM SERI 2024 TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKERASAN DENGAN METODE ELEKTROPLATING." Teknika STTKD: Jurnal Teknik, Elektronik, Engine 8, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.56521/teknika.v8i2.606.

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Pada saat ini penggunaan aluminium sudah diterapkan di bidang industri, otomototif, dan kesehatan. Penggunaan aluminium tidak lepas dari sifat tahan korosi yang baik serta memiliki kekuatan mekanis yang relatif baik. Selain itu aluminium juga mudah untuk dilakukan proses fabrikasi. Sifat dari aluminium tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk pembuatan bagian pada pesawat terbang. Salah satu jenis aluminium yang banyak digunakan pada pesawat yaitu aluminium alloy 2024. Untuk menjadikan material aluminium menjadi lebih baik, salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat material aluminium menjadi lebih baik adalah dengan elektroplating. Proses elektroplating adalah pemindahan ion logam pelapis menuju logam yang akan dilapisi. Prinsip kerja dari elektroplating adalah bagian anoda akan menghantarkan ion menuju katoda. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses elektroplating dengan melapisi aluminum 2024 menggunakan nikel. Variasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu waktu proses elektroplating pada material, adapun variasi yang digunakan yaitu 20 menit, 30 menit, dan 40 menit. Setelah dilakukan proses elektroplating selanjutnya melakukan pengujin tarik dan kekerasan pada material. Dari hasil pengujian tarik maka untuk variasi aluminium tanpa proses elektroplating merupakan yang tertinggi, adapun nilai kekuatan tariknya yaitu 482,65 MPa. Sedangkan pada material dengan proses elektroplating terlama (40 menit) kekuatan tariknya yaitu 410,408 MPa. Pada pengujian kekerasan juga menunjukan semakin lama proses elektroplating akan menurunkan nilai kekerasan.

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26

Kamarska, Kalina. "Corrosion of Aluminium Alloy EN AW-2024 in Selected Environments." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 75, no. 3 (March 27, 2022): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2022.03.12.

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Aluminium alloy 2024 is widely used in heavy industry. The aim of this study was to report on the corrosion behaviour of this alloy when exposed to selected environments of different acids and salts containing chloride, nitrate and sulphate ions and measure the corrosion rate by using the weight loss method at room temperature. The results obtained indicate that, under the conditions employed in the present work, the corrosion rate of this alloy depends on the specific ions present in the solution. Gravimetric analysis confirmed that with varying the exposure periods the weight loss of the alloy decreases and the corrosion rate can be described as an initial steep rise followed by subsequent fall.

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27

Salvador Fernandes, J. C., and Mário G. S. Ferreira. "Corrosion behaviour of physical vapour deposition aluminium-based coatings on 2024 aluminium alloy." Surface and Coatings Technology 52, no. 3 (May 1992): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(92)90028-9.

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28

Blanc, Christine, and Georges Mankowski. "Statistical Analysis of Pit Propagation Rate in Pure Aluminium and 2024 Aluminium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 289-292 (August 1998): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.289-292.499.

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29

Nayan, Niraj, S. V. S. Narayana Murty, S. C. Sharma, and Parameshwar Prasad Sinha. "Processing of V65 Aluminium Alloy Wires Processed from Hot and Warm Rolled Rods for Rivet Applications." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.174.

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High shear strength of 25 kg/mm2 combined with a high plasticity makes Russian grade V65 aluminum alloys as potential candidate compared to AA2024 for riveting applications in aerospace industries. The lower content of magnesium over the AA 2024 alloy decreases the aging kinetics of this alloy because of the decreased vacancy concentration in the as-quenched alloy which in turn gives flexibility to carryout riveting operation even after 4 days after solution heat treat¬ment and natural aging at room temperature. This paper presents the processing and characterization of V65 aluminium alloy wires processed from hot and warm rolled rods. Mechanical properties of the wires have been evaluated in T6 and T4 tempers and correlated with microstructures. Detailed microstructural examination using optical microscopy and fractography of the tensile tested samples using scanning electron microscopy were carriedout.

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30

Zaroog, Omar Suliman, Aidy Ali, and Sahari B. Barkawi. "Characterization of Shot Peened 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.912.

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Specimens of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy under different three shot peening intensities were studied. The modifications of the surface layers of the shot peened specimens were investigated through microhardness, surface microstructure and residual stress relaxation after the first and second load cycles under two cyclic loads. No significant changes in microstructure after the three shot peeing intensities were observed with respect to untreated specimens. Rapid residual stress relaxation was observed in specimens after the first cycle. Relaxation of residual stresses occurred within first loading cycles were increased with increasing loading stress amplitude and due to quasi-static relaxation effects.

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31

Hughes, A. E., K. J. H. Nelson, and P. R. Miller. "Desmutting of aluminium alloy 2024-T3 using rare earth electrolyte." Materials Science and Technology 15, no. 10 (October 1999): 1124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708399101505167.

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32

Joshi, K. D., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, A. Dey, Amit S. Rav, S. Biswas, and Satish C. Gupta. "Mechanical Properties of Shock Treated Aluminium Alloy Al 2024-T4." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 377 (July 30, 2012): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/377/1/012045.

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33

Pantelakis,, Sp G., P. V. Petroyiannis,, and Al Th Kermanidis,. "CORROSION AND HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF THE 2024 AIRCRAFT ALUMINIUM ALLOY." Corrosion Reviews 25, no. 3-4 (August 2007): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev.2007.25.3-4.363.

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34

Guillaumin, Valérie, and Georges Mankowski. "Localized corrosion of 2024 T351 aluminium alloy in chloride media." Corrosion Science 41, no. 3 (March 1998): 421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-938x(98)00116-4.

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35

Charitidou, E., G. Papapolymerou, G. N. Haidemenopoulos, N. Hasiotis, and V. Bontozoglou. "Characterization of trapped hydrogen in exfoliation corroded aluminium alloy 2024." Scripta Materialia 41, no. 12 (November 1999): 1327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(99)00292-4.

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Carpio, F. "Fatigue behaviour of laser machined 2024 T3 aeronautic aluminium alloy." Applied Surface Science 208-209 (March 15, 2003): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(02)01369-7.

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Mostafavi, M., D. J. Smith, and M. J. Pavier. "Fracture of aluminium alloy 2024 under biaxial and triaxial loading." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 78, no. 8 (May 2011): 1705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.11.006.

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Li, R., M. G. S. Ferreira, A. Almeida, R. Vilar, K. G. Watkins, M. A. McMahon, and W. M. Steen. "Localized corrosion of laser surface melted 2024-T351 aluminium alloy." Surface and Coatings Technology 81, no. 2-3 (June 1996): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(95)02484-0.

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Keles, Omer, and Bekir Sami Yilbas. "Laser cutting of 2024 aluminium alloy and cutting quality assessment." Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies 1, no. 1-2 (April 3, 2015): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2374068x.2015.1116284.

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40

Sha, G., R. K. W. Marceau, X. Gao, B. C. Muddle, and S. P. Ringer. "Nanostructure of aluminium alloy 2024: Segregation, clustering and precipitation processes." Acta Materialia 59, no. 4 (February 2011): 1659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.11.033.

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Praveen Kumar, K., M. Gopi Krishna, J. Babu Rao, and N. R. M. R. Bhargava. "Fabrication and characterization of 2024 aluminium – High entropy alloy composites." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 640 (August 2015): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.03.093.

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Kudari, Shashidhar K., and C. M. Sharanaprabhu. "The Effect of Anodizing Process Parameters on the Fatigue Life of 2024-T-351-Aluminium Alloy." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2017, no. 9 (December 1, 2017): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fas-2017-0009.

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AbstractThe effect of an anticorrosive layer on the fatigue life of 2024-T-351-aluminium alloy has been studied in the present investigation. The fatigue tests were conducted on the aluminium alloy with and without anodizing to evaluate the fatigue life. The results indicate that the fatigue life of the anodized specimens is significantly shorter than that of untreated specimens. Further, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the anodizing process parameters on the fatigue life of anodized specimens. These results show that the fatigue life of anodized aluminium alloy can be improved by controlling the anodizing process parameters such as process temperature, voltage, and time of immersion.

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de Bonfils-Lahovary, M. L., L. Laffont, and Christine Blanc. "Characterization of Intergranular Corrosion Defects in a 2024 T351 Aluminium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.444.

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In the 2xxx series alloys, intergranular corrosion is generally related to the strong reactivity of copper-rich intergranular precipitates leading to a copper enrichment of these particles. While the nature of the oxides formed inside the intergranular corrosion defects was assumed to strongly influence the intergranular corrosion propagation rate, it was not clearly identified due to the thickness of the oxide layer formed which required to use high resolution analytical techniques. The present work aims to characterize the intergranular corrosion defects formed for a 2024-T351 aluminum alloy after a 24 hours continuous immersion in a 1 M NaCl solution and compares the results to literature data concerning the oxide layers formed on copper-rich model alloys. A combination of focus ion beam (FIB) technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses was used to accurately characterize both the morphology and chemical composition of the intergranular corrosion defects. Results evidenced the dissolution of intergranular copper-rich particles, the formation of a 10-200 nm-thin metallic copper-rich layer at the oxide/metal interface and the incorporation of copper inside the amorphous alumina oxide film leading to the formation of structural defects of the oxide film.

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Mahdavi Shahri, Meysam, Rene C. Alderliesten, Sybrand van der Zwaag, and Henk Schut. "Postponing Crack Nucleation in 2024 Aluminium Alloy by Dynamic Precipitation from the Supersaturated State." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1577.

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Recently a novel strategy to improve the fatigue resistance of precipitation hardened aluminium alloys has been proposed, which is based on dynamic precipitation in partially aged material. In this paper, the effect of mean stress and alternative temperature treatments that can enhance the high cycle fatigue resistance through the mentioned mechanism were investigated. The material used is an under-aged 2024 aluminium alloy, which showed superior fatigue life compared to the peak aged condition. The recorded behaviour was observed to be more effective at lower stress amplitudes and lowerRvalues. As the dynamic precipitation may not be able to keep up with the damage evolution, dedicated experiments were conducted to insert periods of controlled healing in a stress free state.

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Jha, A. K., K. Sreekumar, and S. Arumugham. "Failure of AA 2024 Aluminium Alloy Rivets / Schäden an Nieten aus einer AA 2024 Aluminiumlegierung." Practical Metallography 33, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-1996-330508.

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Jiang, Wei, Ya Zhi Li, Yi Xiu Shu, and Masanori Kikuchi. "Mechanism-Based Numerical Approach to Ductile Fracture in an 2024–T3 Aluminium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (September 2014): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.74.

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Ductile fracture of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy has been investigated under tensile and shear loading conditions. In order to predict rupture, a void–based meso–damage constitutive relationship which can deal with both tensile and shear problems is developed and implemented in commercial software ABAQUS. The tensile and shear fracture behaviors including the load–displacement response and crack propagation path, of 2024–T3 aluminum alloy are analyzed using the proposed approach and compared with experimental data. It is shown that the proposed approach can be used to predict the failure of ductile materials under complex loading conditions.

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Sobotka, Jiri, Pavel Solfronk, Michaela Kolnerova, and David Korecek. "Influence of Technological Parameters on Ageing of Aluminium Alloy AW-2024." Manufacturing Technology 18, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/218.2018/a/1213-2489/mt/18/6/1023.

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Takayama, Yoshimasa, Nobuyuki Ishikawa, Hajime Kato, and Hideo Watanabe. "High Temperature Ductility and Deformation Mechanism in a 2024 Aluminium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 447-448 (February 2004): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.447-448.271.

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GUNES, I., M. ERDOGAN, and B. ÇENGELCI. "Mechanical and electrical properties of artificially aged aluminium alloy AA 2024." Metallic Materials 54, no. 05 (2016): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/km_2016_5_379.

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Forero Sotomonte, S., C. Blanco Pinzon, and S. García Vergara. "Growth of PEO ceramic coatings on AA 2024-T3 aluminium alloy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 687 (February 2016): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/687/1/012037.

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