Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aluminium 2024 alloy

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Aluminium 2024 alloy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Aluminium 2024 alloy"

1

Mrówka-Nowotnik, Grazyna, and Jan Sieniawski. "Analysis of Intermetallic Phases in 2024 Aluminium Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 197 (February 2013): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.197.238.

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The main objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of the microstructure (morphology, composition and distribution of intermetallic phases) in the 2024 aluminium alloy cooled with different cooling rates after solidification process. A few techniques: optical light microscopy (LM), scanning (SEM) electron microscopy combined with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to identify intermetallics in the examined alloy. The results show that the microstructure of 2024 aluminum alloys in as-cast condition consisted following intermetallic phases: Al2Cu, Al2CuMg, Al7Cu2Fe, Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, AlCuFeMnSi and Mg2Si.
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Huang, Chuan Yong. "Electroless Ni-La-P Coatings on 2024 Aluminum Alloys for Aircraft Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.348.

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2024 aluminium alloys are widely used in airframe construction.However,this series of alloys are susceptible to corrosion to limit their usefulness,In this study,electroless Ni-La-P alloy plating on aluminum alloy and the effects of pH value,temperature and concentration of LaNiO3 on deposition rate were investigated.Surface morphology and corosion-resistant of the electroless Ni-La-P deposits were evaluated.The results showed the corrosion-resistant in 5％ NaC1 solutions obviously enhance compared with original aluminum alloy using electroless Ni-La-P deposition method．
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Agustin, Helena C. Kis, Indra Sidharta, and Astri W. Caesarti. "Cladding and Natural Aging of Aluminium Alloy 2024 for Aircraft Application." Key Engineering Materials 940 (January 30, 2023): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-l01171.

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Aluminium alloy 2024 is widely used in the manufacturing of aircraft components such as skin panels for the wing. Generally, the aluminium alloy 2024 is delivered as cold work condition i.e., 2024 T3. However, the aluminium alloy 2024 T3 does not meet the standard for aircraft wing skin. Therefore, further treatments such as cladding and heat treatment are carried out to improve its quality. Cladding was introduced to the 2024 T3 alloy at 495 °C using commercial purity aluminium. Subsequently, T42 heat treatment was introduced to the 2024 T3 alloy at 500 °C for 40 minutes, then followed by quenching and natural aging for 96 hours, yielding 2024 T42 aluminium alloy with cladding (T42 Clad). 2024 T42 aluminium alloy without cladding (T42 Bare) was also obtained by T42 heat treatment of 2024 T3. The effect of cladding and natural aging on mechanical properties is investigated by tensile test and hardness test. Conductivity meter was used to determine the electrical conductivity. Intergranular corrosion test and stress corrosion crack test were performed to investigate the effect of cladding and natural aging on corrosion resistance. Results indicate that the solution treatment and natural aging improve corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, but reduce electrical conductivity values. Cladding gives higher electrical conductivity value and elongation. Both natural aging and cladding treatment provide appropriate aluminium alloy for aircraft wing skins.
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Jaiganesh, V., D. Srinivasan, and P. Sevvel. "Optimization of process parameters on friction stir welding of 2014 aluminum alloy plates." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (December 21, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.8906.

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Aluminum Alloy 2014 is a light weight high strength alloy used widely in the aerospace and also in other industries. 2014 is the second most popular of the 2000-series aluminium alloys, after 2024 aluminium alloy. However, it is difficult to weld, as it is subject to cracking. Joining of 2014 aluminium alloy in friction stir welding which is based on frictional heat generated through contact between a rotating tool and the work piece. Determination of the welding parameters such as spindle speed, transverse feed , tilt angle plays an important role in weld strength. The whole optimization process is carried out using Taguchi technique. The SEM analysis is done to check the micro structure of the material after welding by electron interaction with the atoms in the sample. Tensile test have been conducted and the s-n ratio curve is generated. The test is conducted and analysed on the basis of ASTM standards.
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Zhou, Qi, Xuan Xiao, Da Li Zhao, and En Jun Song. "Alumina Sol-Gel Films and Alodine Films on Al 2024 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.364.

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Development of the sol-gel films for painting pretreatment of aluminium alloy is to replace bichromate conversion films such as Alodine. Corrosion resistance of Alodine film and sol-gel film were evaluated through potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, salt spraying and acidic dropping solution. Sol-gel film is almost the same as Alodine film at the film surface density, salt spraying resistance and adhesion with painting coating. Changing color times of dropping solution on sol-gel film is shorter than Alodine film. But the corrosion current of sol-gel film is lower than Alodine and the impedance value is higher than Alodine in 35g/L NaCl solution. Mechanism of corrosion resistance of alumina sol-gel film is that the cathode reaction and anodic reactions are restrained by sol-gel film in the Cl- corrosive medium. The EIS of sol-gel film consisted of only a single capacitive arc with one time constant. Sol-gel coating can prevent or delay the corrosive solution from infiltrating the substrate for its better isolation function, thus protecting 2024 aluminium alloy from corrosion. Sol-gel films can improve corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy and have the same adhesion as Alodine film. It will be a promising alternative pretreatment for aluminum alloys prior to painting.
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Beaver, P. W., M. Heller, and T. V. Rose. "DETERMINATIONS OF JICFOR 2024-T351 ALUMINIUM ALLOY." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 10, no. 6 (November 1987): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00499.x.

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7

Priya, Gupta Manoj Kumar, and Patel Vinay Kumar. "Effect of Carbonitriding on Tribomechanical and Corrosion-Resistant Properties of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium 2024 Alloy." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2021-0030.

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Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is extensively used to join aluminium alloys components in space and aircraft industries. Al 2024 is a heat-treatable aluminium alloy with copper as the primary alloying element which has good strength and fatigue resistance. This paper investigates the effect of carbonitriding surface modification on the hardness, tensile strength and impact strength of FSW welded Al 2024 joints. The friction stir welding was performed on three different sets of aluminium alloy (Al2024:Al2024, Al2024: carbonitrided-Al2024, carbonitrided-Al2024: carbonitrided-Al2024) at two different tool rotation speed (TRS) and two welding speed using cylindrical pin tool. The carbonitriding pre-treatment of Al-2024 alloy demonstrated significant improvement in the tensile strength, percentage elongation, abrasion wear resistance and corrosion resistance with the sacrifice of impact strength. The maximum tensile strength of all three sets of samples after FSW was recorded in descending order of (i) carbonitrided-Al2024:carbonitrided-Al2024 (ii) Al2024:Carbonitrided-Al2024 and (iii) Al2024:Al2024. The friction stir welded joint of carbonitrided aluminium alloy exhibited best abrasive wear resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
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Veljic, Darko, Bojan Medjo, Marko Rakin, Zoran Radosavljevic, and Nikola Bajic. "Analysis of the tool plunge in friction stir welding - comparison of aluminium alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351." Thermal Science 20, no. 1 (2016): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150313059v.

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Temperature, plastic strain and heat generation during the plunge stage of the friction stir welding (FSW) of high-strength aluminium alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351 are considered in this work. The plunging of the tool into the material is done at different rotating speeds. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model for thermomechanical simulation is developed. It is based on arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation, and Johnson-Cook material law is used for modelling of material behaviour. From comparison of the numerical results for alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351, it can be seen that the former has more intensive heat generation from the plastic deformation, due to its higher strength. Friction heat generation is only slightly different for the two alloys. Therefore, temperatures in the working plate are higher in the alloy 2024 T3 for the same parameters of the plunge stage. Equivalent plastic strain is higher for 2024 T351 alloy, and the highest values are determined under the tool shoulder and around the tool pin. For the alloy 2024 T3, equivalent plastic strain is the highest in the influence zone of the tool pin.
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Nugroho, Fajar. "PENGARUH RAPAT ARUS ANODIZING TERHADAP NILAI KEKERASAN PADA PLAT ALUMINIUM PADUAN AA SERI 2024-T3." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 7, no. 2 (September 13, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v7i2.147.

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Aluminum alloy AA 2024-T3 is widely applied in the aircraft industry because it has good mechanical properties such as; light weight, good conductivity and the corrosion resistance. However Aluminium 2024-T3 susceptible to wearing. One method to improve the wear resistance o f AA 2024-T3 is the anodizing process. The aims of this research to study the effect of current density and anodizing time against the hardness of aluminum alloy AA 2024-T3. The process of anodizing was carried out using 10 percent sulfuric acid solution with the current density of 1.5 Ampere per decimeters square, 3.0 Ampere per decimeters square and 4.5 Ampere per decimeters square with immersion times of 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. Furthermore, the surface hardness was measured by using the Vickers hardness test method. As the supporting data the composition of the test conducted, testing the microstructure, and vickers hardness test. This study shows that the surface hardness of aluminum alloy AA 2024-T3 is influenced by the current density and anodizing time with varying values. Its shows that higher current density o f the anodizing caused optimal time tends to be short. The longer anodising time it will produce greater layer of aluminum oxide.
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Thant Htoo, Aye, Yukio Miyashita, Yuichi Otsuka, Yoshiharu Mutoh, and Shigeo Sakurai. "OS1534 Singular Fatigue Behaviour of Notched Specimen in 2024 T4 Aluminium alloy." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2013 (2013): _OS1534–1_—_OS1534–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2013._os1534-1_.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aluminium 2024 alloy"

1

Subramaniyan, Jaya. "Extrusion of 2024 aluminium alloy sections." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47677.

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2

Bendo, Demetrio Ketner. "Cryomilling and Spark Plasma Sintering of 2024 Aluminium Alloy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369246.

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Aluminium alloys are characterized by a low specific weight, which make them highly interesting for structural applications. Mechanical properties are lower than those of steels, so the possibility to obtain an increase by means of the structural refining (either nano- or ultra-fine grained structure) would extend their applications in several fields. Bulk nanocrystalline metals and alloys can be produced by high energy milling of powders and their consolidation by sintering techniques characterized by a low thermal load in order to minimize grain growth. This is an alternative approach to other methods based on severe plastic deformation, with the advantage of obtaining near-net shape parts, within the limits of the Powder Metallurgy (PM) route. Even in the case of the part cannot be obtained directly a preform can be produced by Powder Metallurgy and finished by hot working. In this case, Powder Metallurgy is used to produce preforms with geometry closer to the final one than that attainable by other technologies, reducing production costs and raw material consumption. It is well known that nanostructure (D < 100 nm) of Al alloys can be obtained by high energy milling technique. During milling, the grain size is determined by equilibrium between recovery and formation of defects due to heavy plastic deformation. Face centered cubic (FCC) materials, as Al and alloys, are difficult to reduce by mechanical milling. The opposite occurs with body centred cubic (BCC) and hexagonal close packet (HCP) metals due to relatively defects accumulation and difficult of fast recovery kinetics. A valid alternative is the cryogenic milling, where the powders are milled in slurry formed with liquid nitrogen. Cryomilling takes advantage due to low temperature of the liquid nitrogen that either suppresses or limits recovery and recrystallization and leads to finer grain structure faster. In addition cryogenic milling does not require use of process control agent (PCA) that can contaminate the powder with carbon and oxygen. A very important factor to preserve the nanostructure of a material is its thermal stability that depends on the balance between driving and resisting forces. It is well known that the smaller the grain size, the bigger the tendency to grain growth. In most cases, the thermal stability of a nanostructure depends on the lattice defects stored between and within grains, and on the particles such as nitrides and oxides precipitated at the grain boundaries. It is really important achieve an equilibrium between grain size and thermal stability of the material to avoid grain growth on sintering. Moreover, if the powder particles are very fine, sintering becomes hard because of the oxide layer that surrounds the particles. Bulk nanomaterials can be produced through several PM techniques. Hot isostatic press (HIP), dynamic consolidation, hot extrusion and spark plasma sintering (SPS) are effective to achieve a full dense material. In the frame of the near-net shape technologies, SPS is a novel technology that has large potentiality, because of the lower temperature and shorter time required. In this process a pulse electric current flows directly on the powders and a high heating efficiency is offered. It is known that Al powders are hardly sinterable due to oxide layer on their surface. This layer has to be broken in order to form a solid neck between the particles. SPS has been used to produce nanostructured Al and iron alloys starting from nanostructured powders. A bimodal microstructure can be formed during SPS sintering due to the localized overheating generated by the sparks and low thermal stability of the material. It is well known that a bimodal microstructure reveals an improvement of ductility which is the most critical characteristics of nanostructured metals. In a simplistic view, ultra-fine/nano crystallites are responsible for high strength and micrometric grains provide increased ductility. Additional strategies of ductility improvement provides deformation at low temperatures/high strain rates, which furnishes accumulation of dislocations within nanocrystalline/UFG, resulting in increased strain hardening and enhancement of strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress. Hot workability of metals depends on several parameters. Temperature and strain rate affect the flow stress and the strain rate sensitivity. The former increases on decreasing grain size, until the deformation process is determined by dislocation motion. In FCC materials, particularly in Al and its alloys, refining grains to UFG level promotes an increase in strain rate sensitivity. The hot workability is usually defined as the quantity of deformation that a material can undergo without cracking and reaching desirable deformed microstructures at a given temperature and strain rate. Improving workability means increasing the processing ability and the properties of the materials. Hot workability can be studied by the approach of the power dissipation maps. In this PhD work, the production of nanometric Al 2024 alloy powder by cryomilling, ultra-fine grained/micrometric material consolidated by SPS, and its further deformability at high temperature was studied. The results are presented in three chapters. Chapter 1 reports the methodology to obtain the nanostructured 2024 alloy powder. Many aspects such as the evolution of the microstructure, the role of liquid nitrogen during milling and the thermal stability are studied in order to have an insight on the kinetics (1). The study of the thermal stability of the nanostructured powder is presented, as well. Chapter 2 describes the SPS experiments of the as-atomized and as-milled powders and the characterization of the consolidated material. Chapter 3 reports the hot compression experiments on the atomized and milled samples, and discusses the differences in the deformation behaviour on the basis of the starting microstructure and of its evolution during deformation.
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3

Bendo, Demetrio Ketner. "Cryomilling and Spark Plasma Sintering of 2024 Aluminium Alloy." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/532/1/PhD_Thesis_Ketner_B_Demetrio.pdf.

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Aluminium alloys are characterized by a low specific weight, which make them highly interesting for structural applications. Mechanical properties are lower than those of steels, so the possibility to obtain an increase by means of the structural refining (either nano- or ultra-fine grained structure) would extend their applications in several fields. Bulk nanocrystalline metals and alloys can be produced by high energy milling of powders and their consolidation by sintering techniques characterized by a low thermal load in order to minimize grain growth. This is an alternative approach to other methods based on severe plastic deformation, with the advantage of obtaining near-net shape parts, within the limits of the Powder Metallurgy (PM) route. Even in the case of the part cannot be obtained directly a preform can be produced by Powder Metallurgy and finished by hot working. In this case, Powder Metallurgy is used to produce preforms with geometry closer to the final one than that attainable by other technologies, reducing production costs and raw material consumption. It is well known that nanostructure (D < 100 nm) of Al alloys can be obtained by high energy milling technique. During milling, the grain size is determined by equilibrium between recovery and formation of defects due to heavy plastic deformation. Face centered cubic (FCC) materials, as Al and alloys, are difficult to reduce by mechanical milling. The opposite occurs with body centred cubic (BCC) and hexagonal close packet (HCP) metals due to relatively defects accumulation and difficult of fast recovery kinetics. A valid alternative is the cryogenic milling, where the powders are milled in slurry formed with liquid nitrogen. Cryomilling takes advantage due to low temperature of the liquid nitrogen that either suppresses or limits recovery and recrystallization and leads to finer grain structure faster. In addition cryogenic milling does not require use of process control agent (PCA) that can contaminate the powder with carbon and oxygen. A very important factor to preserve the nanostructure of a material is its thermal stability that depends on the balance between driving and resisting forces. It is well known that the smaller the grain size, the bigger the tendency to grain growth. In most cases, the thermal stability of a nanostructure depends on the lattice defects stored between and within grains, and on the particles such as nitrides and oxides precipitated at the grain boundaries. It is really important achieve an equilibrium between grain size and thermal stability of the material to avoid grain growth on sintering. Moreover, if the powder particles are very fine, sintering becomes hard because of the oxide layer that surrounds the particles. Bulk nanomaterials can be produced through several PM techniques. Hot isostatic press (HIP), dynamic consolidation, hot extrusion and spark plasma sintering (SPS) are effective to achieve a full dense material. In the frame of the near-net shape technologies, SPS is a novel technology that has large potentiality, because of the lower temperature and shorter time required. In this process a pulse electric current flows directly on the powders and a high heating efficiency is offered. It is known that Al powders are hardly sinterable due to oxide layer on their surface. This layer has to be broken in order to form a solid neck between the particles. SPS has been used to produce nanostructured Al and iron alloys starting from nanostructured powders. A bimodal microstructure can be formed during SPS sintering due to the localized overheating generated by the sparks and low thermal stability of the material. It is well known that a bimodal microstructure reveals an improvement of ductility which is the most critical characteristics of nanostructured metals. In a simplistic view, ultra-fine/nano crystallites are responsible for high strength and micrometric grains provide increased ductility. Additional strategies of ductility improvement provides deformation at low temperatures/high strain rates, which furnishes accumulation of dislocations within nanocrystalline/UFG, resulting in increased strain hardening and enhancement of strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress. Hot workability of metals depends on several parameters. Temperature and strain rate affect the flow stress and the strain rate sensitivity. The former increases on decreasing grain size, until the deformation process is determined by dislocation motion. In FCC materials, particularly in Al and its alloys, refining grains to UFG level promotes an increase in strain rate sensitivity. The hot workability is usually defined as the quantity of deformation that a material can undergo without cracking and reaching desirable deformed microstructures at a given temperature and strain rate. Improving workability means increasing the processing ability and the properties of the materials. Hot workability can be studied by the approach of the power dissipation maps. In this PhD work, the production of nanometric Al 2024 alloy powder by cryomilling, ultra-fine grained/micrometric material consolidated by SPS, and its further deformability at high temperature was studied. The results are presented in three chapters. Chapter 1 reports the methodology to obtain the nanostructured 2024 alloy powder. Many aspects such as the evolution of the microstructure, the role of liquid nitrogen during milling and the thermal stability are studied in order to have an insight on the kinetics (1). The study of the thermal stability of the nanostructured powder is presented, as well. Chapter 2 describes the SPS experiments of the as-atomized and as-milled powders and the characterization of the consolidated material. Chapter 3 reports the hot compression experiments on the atomized and milled samples, and discusses the differences in the deformation behaviour on the basis of the starting microstructure and of its evolution during deformation.
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4

Ganguly, Supriyo. "Non-destructive measurement of residual stresses in welded aluminium 2024 airframe alloy." Thesis, n.p, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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Elabar, Dawod. "Effect of sulphate impurity in chromic acid anodizing of aluminium and aluminium alloy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/effect-of-sulphate-impurity-in-chromic-acid-anodizing-of-aluminium-and-aluminium-alloy(ec562f6a-6bc9-4bb4-9eee-468d539f90a2).html.

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In this work, the nucleation and growth of pores in anodic films formed on aluminium in chromic acid and the effect of low levels of sulphate impurity in the anodizing bath on the formation of the films on aluminium and AA 2024 alloy are investigated. The sulphate concentrations considered include levels within specified limits for industrial processing. The anodizing is carried out either potentiostatically or by stepping the voltage. The films are examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to determine the pore spacing, pore population densities, pore diameters and film thicknesses. Film compositions were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattered microscopy and nuclear reaction analysis. In order to investigate the mechanism of pore formation, two tracer methods are employed. In one method, anodic films are formed first in an arsenate electrolyte in the second method, a tungsten tracer band deposited by magnetron sputtering. The behaviours of arsenic and the tungsten are investigated during the subsequent anodizing in chromic acid. The results suggest that the initiation and growth of pores in occurred as a result of electric field assisted chemical dissolution. The effect of sulphate impurity in the chromic acid is investigated using electrolytes with different sulphate content. In the initial stages of anodizing aluminium at 100 V, sulphate impurity at a level of 38 ppm in the chromic acid is shown to lead to significant incorporation of sulphate ions into the anodic film, a lower current density, a smaller cell size and less feathering of the pore walls. In addition, the efficiency of film formation is increased. In later stages of anodizing, the growth of larger pores and cells, leads to a duplex film morphology, with finer pores in the outer region. The change in pore size correlates with a reduction in the incorporation of sulphate into the film. From the results of sequential anodizing experiments, it is suggested that incorporated sulphate ions generate a space charge layer, which has an important role in determining the current density. The effects of higher sulphate concentrations up to 3000 ppm are investigated, which are shown to significantly affect the current density and the pore diameter. Anodizing of aluminium and AA 2024 alloy was also carried out according to industrial practice. The results show that there is significant effect of sulphur impurity on the film thickness. Corrosion tests in 3.5 % NaCl solution for the alloy after anodizing in low (smaller or equal to 1.5 ppm) and high (~38 ppm) sulphate-containing chromic acid electrolytes demonstrate a better corrosion resistance with films formed in the latter electrolyte.
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Efthymiadis, Panos. "Multiscale experimentation & modeling of fatigue crack development in aluminium alloy 2024." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7735/.

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The objective of this research project is to be able to understand the role of various microstructural features on Fatigue Crack Initiation (FCI) of metallic alloys. By employing a novel experimental set-up, mechanical testing was performed in situ within an SEM chamber, and the deformation of the individual grains was observed real time. A physically-based Crystal Plasticity (CP) model was then developed that accurately predicts the macro and micro mechanical behaviour for Al2024 T3. An experimentally informed FCI criterion was developed that accounts for the effect of local slip bands and the applied local strains. While ‘precious’ insights were given on the small crack growth regime observing the occurring microscale phenomena. FCI is a multiscale process and thus evaluating the microscale does not cover fully the understanding of local deformation and damage. Thus a multiscale DIC process was employed to better understand the macro and mesoscale as well. 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was employed and the strain distributions (at the sample scale) were obtained for various loading conditions. High magnification camera based 2D DIC was then used and the strain measurements were also extracted at clusters of grains. Useful observations were given for the different strain components (εxx, εyy, εxy). Finally the total fatigue lifetime of the component was compared to the modeled FCI for various loading conditions.
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Boag, Adam Paull, and adam boag@gmail com. "The Relationship Between Microstructure and Stable Pitting Initiation in Aerospace Aluminium Alloy 2024-T3." RMIT University. Applied Science, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091028.114831.

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Aluminium alloys are essential to a variety of industry sectors, particularly transport, where they are used in the production of cars and aeroplanes. However, aluminium alloys are susceptible to degradation through corrosion which can compromise the integrity of components manufactured from this material. Therefore research into the means by which these alloys degrade is important. This thesis aims to understand how one of the more potentially damaging types of corrosion, known as pitting corrosion, occurs in the important aluminium alloy 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3). In order to study this phenomenon, this thesis first characterises the alloy microstructure in detail, particularly the type and distribution of intermetallic particles since these play an important role in corrosion processes. The microstructure was studied using an electron microprobe analysis of a 5 mm x 5 mm area of AA2024-T3 and some 80,000 particles were characterised. This investigation was one of the most comprehensive studies to date of any aluminium alloy. Of the particles studied, it was found that the major types included the S and θ phases and a number of compositions based around AlCuFeMn and AlCuFeMnSi. Depletion zones were an integral feature of the alloy microstructure. Pair correlation functions were used to determine the degree of clustering and it was found that there was both inter particle as well as intra particle clustering. Inter particle clustering was observed at length scales well beyond 50 µm. A detailed study of corrosion on AA2024-T3 was undertaken by examining the surface after corrosion over a time period spanning 2.5 minutes to 120 minutes. From this investigation, a hierarchy of the localised corrosion was observed as it was very apparent that particles of particular elemental compositions were more susceptible to attack much sooner than other compositions. Larger corrosion attack sites on the surface, which were called co-operative corrosion, were attributed to intermetallic clustering affects and changes in chemical composition such as Cu-enrichment. These results were used to develop a detailed model of the initiation of stable pitting corrosion in AA2024-T3, which will lead to a better understanding on how to prevent pitting attack on commercially important aluminium alloys. AA2024-T3 is rarely used in the polished state, for real world applications is it generally finished by mechanical or chemical processing. In the final part of this thesis, the influence of clusters on metal finishing was examined using a standard aluminium chemical deoxidiser. It was found that the etch rate of this deoxidiser increased dramatically with the increase in temperature. Under certain processing conditions only the intermetallic particles are etched out and these retain the history of the spatial distribution of the clustering of the intermetallic particles. This leaves a cluster of 'holes' which could trap metal finishing solution and lead to severe subsurface attack
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Asquith, David Thomas. "Residual stress and fatigue in cold-worked, hard-coated 2024-T351 aluminium alloy." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486777.

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Due to the continued demand for high performance, light-weight components in many areas of engineering, researchers strive to enhance characteristics to satisfy these needs. A synergistic approach to performance enhancement. of aluminium alloys has been investigated through combined cold-work and hard coating thereby affording increased performance in teIflls of both fatigue and surface hardness. With an' emphasis on coldwork processing, two different methods of introducing surface compressive residual stresses in this manner have been used. This leads to an interest in the influence of residual stress in the hard coated aluminium on its behaviour. In particular, the characterisation of residual stress states in the modified materials with specific-interest in the evolution of triaxial stresses with the treatment process steps has been studied. This is combined with materials characterisation in form of microstructure, micro-hardness, phase composition and corrosion behaviour to complete the evaluation of duplex treatments.
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Elaish, Reafat. "Influences of fluorine species on the anodizing behaviour of aluminium and AA 2024-T3 alloy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/influences-of-fluorine-species-on-the-anodizing-behaviour-of-aluminium-and-aa-2024t3-alloy(7849513e-31b6-4f71-a6ee-126ee5221321).html.

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The present study investigates the effect of fluorine species during anodizing of aluminium and AA2024-T3 alloy in sulphuric acid and tartaric-sulphuric acid (TSA) electrolytes. The investigation comprises four main parts; (i) Effects of fluoride on barrier film formation on aluminium. (ii) Effects of fluoride and fluorozirconic acid (FZ) on porous film growth on aluminium in sulphuric acid. (iii) Effects of FZ on porous film growth on aluminium and AA 2024-T3 alloy in sulphuric acid and TSA. (iv) Effects on anodizing of other fluoroacids (fluoroboric (FB), fluorosilicic (FS) and fluorotitanic acid (FT)). The anodic films were examined by analytical scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, nuclear reaction analysis and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The behaviour of fluoride ions during the growth of barrier-type films on aluminium was investigated in ammonium pentaborate solution with added sodium fluoride. Additions of up to 3.5 x 10-3 M sodium fluoride had a negligible influence on the film growth. In contrast, 3.5 x 10-2 M sodium fluoride reduced the efficiency to 60% as fluoride ions promoted field-assisted ejection of Al3+ ions from the film. Incorporated fluoride ions migrated inwards at a rate about twice that of O2- ions, forming a fluoride-rich layer at the film base. The study of the influence of FZ on formation of porous anodic films in sulphuric acid and TSA employed a range of anodizing voltages, electrolyte temperatures and anodizing times. Fluoroacid increased the growth rate, with a reducing influence as the temperature increased. The films contained fluoride and sulphate ions, zirconium was not detected. The fluoride concentration decreased with increasing temperature, whereas the sulphate concentration was unaffected. Anodizing aluminium and AA 2024-T3 alloy in other fluoroacids resulted in similar influences on the anodizing behaviour as FZ. The differences in growth rate, film composition and film morphology were comparatively small and did not show a systematic dependence on the type of fluoroacid employed. Boron, silicon and titanium were not detected in the films.
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Curtis, Sean Allan. "The effects of shot peening on corrosion fatigue of aluminium alloy 2024 T351 and 7150 T651." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289664.

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Books on the topic "Aluminium 2024 alloy"

1

Beaver, P. W. Experimental and theoretical determination of J(IC) for 2024-T351 aluminium alloy. Melbourne, Australia: Aeronautical Research Laboratories, 1986.

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Kim, Young-Won, Wilfried Smarsly, Junpin Lin, Dennis Dimiduk, and Fritz Appel, eds. Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys 2014. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118998489.

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A, Willard S., and Langley Research Center, eds. The growth of small corrosion fatigue cracks in alloy 2024. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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C, Newman J., and Langley Research Center, eds. Prediction of stable tearing of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy using the crack-tip opening angle approach. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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C, Newman J., and Langley Research Center, eds. Prediction of stable tearing of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy using the crack-tip opening angle approach. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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N, Sharpe William, and Langley Research Center, eds. Short fatigue crack behavior in notched 2024-T3 aluminum specimens. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1987.

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A, Sutton M., and Langley Research Center, eds. Crack-tip opening angle measurements and crack tunneling under stable tearing in thin sheet 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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A, Sutton M., and Langley Research Center, eds. Crack-tip opening angle measurements and crack tunneling under stable tearing in thin sheet 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Multi-lab comparison of R-curve methodologies: Alloy 2024-T3. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Multi-lab comparison of R-curve methodologies: Alloy 2024-T3. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aluminium 2024 alloy"

1

Siddiqui, R. A. "Ageing Characteristics of 2024 Aluminium Alloy." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Matador Conference, 381–87. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12433-6_49.

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Özdeş, Hüseyin, İlker Erdeni̇z, Eray Erzi, and Derya Dişpinar. "Near-Net-Shape Processing of 2024 Aluminium Alloy by Sima Method." In Shape Casting: 5th International Symposium 2014, 233–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888100.ch29.

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Özdeş, Hüseyin, İlker Erdeniz, Eray Erzi, and Derya Dişpinar. "Near-Net-Shape Processing of 2024 Aluminium Alloy by SIMA Method." In Shape Casting: 5th International Symposium 2014, 233–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48130-2_29.

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Sutharsan, M., K. Ganesa Balamurugan, Shruthi, M. Rajarajan, and S. Saravanakumar. "Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Friction Stir Processed 2024 Aluminium Alloy." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 533–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0244-4_51.

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McMurray, Robert, Alan Leacock, and Desmond Brown. "The Influence of Cladding on the Springback of 2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy." In Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications, 853–58. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-433-2.853.

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Dawicke, D. S., C. C. Poe, J. C. Newman, and C. E. Harris. "An Evaluation of the Pressure Proof Test Concept for 2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy Sheet." In Springer Series in Computational Mechanics, 115–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84364-8_8.

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Krkoška, M., R. C. Alderliesten, and R. Benedictus. "On the Crack Growth Behavior Under Simple Compressive Loads of 2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy." In ICAF 2009, Bridging the Gap between Theory and Operational Practice, 969–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2746-7_53.

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Bao, Rui, Jian Yu Zhang, and Bin Jun Fei. "Stochastic Characteristics of Fatigue Crack Propagation for 2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy in Corrosive Environments." In Advances in Fracture and Damage Mechanics VI, 517–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-448-0.517.

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Curtis, Sean A., Eduardo R. de los Rios, Chris A. Rodopoulos, Jose Solis Romero, and Andrew Levers. "Investigating the Benefits of Controlled Shot Peening on Corrosion Fatigue of Aluminium Alloy 2024 T351." In Shot Peening, 264–70. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606580.ch34.

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Bao, Rui, Jiang Yu Zhang, and Bin Jun Fei. "Experimental Investigation of Typical Environmental Corrosion Influence on Fatigue Life in 2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy." In Fracture and Damage Mechanics V, 363–66. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-413-8.363.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aluminium 2024 alloy"

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Riveiro, A., J. Pou, F. Lusquiños, M. Boutinguiza, F. Quintero, R. Soto, R. Comesaña, and M. Pérez-Amor. "Laser cutting of 2024-T3 aeronautic aluminium alloy." In ICALEO® 2006: 25th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing and Laser Microfabrication. Laser Institute of America, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5060829.

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Ramos, J. A., J. Magee, K. Watkins, W. M. Steen, and F. Noble. "Microstructure of laser bent aluminium alloy Alclad 2024-T3." In ICALEO® ‘98: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Conference. Laser Institute of America, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5059146.

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Harant, M., M. Jopek, K. Podaný, and J. Řiháček. "Investigation of Johnson-Cook parameters of aluminium alloy 2024-T3." In Engineering Mechanics 2022. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/51-2-137.

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Siddiqui, M. H., F. Hashmi, and A. Junaid. "Determination of anisotropy in impact toughness of aluminium alloy 2024 T3 plate." In 2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2013.6496891.

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Kermanidis, Alexis T., and Spiros G. Pantelakis. "Fatigue Crack Growth and Remaining Life Assessment of 2024 Aluminum With Variation in Microstructure." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-78019.

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The LTSM-F crack growth model is implemented in the present work for the assessment of crack growth and remaining fatigue life of 2024 aluminium alloy with different microstructure. The effect of microstructure in the crack growth analysis is simulated by means of respective yield strength and fracture toughness values of the material. The analytical results obtained are compared against experimental results performed on a series of fatigue crack growth specimens of the alloy under constant amplitude and irregular loading including overload and real stress histories. The analytical results demonstrate the potential of the model to account for crack growth behaviour under irregular loading conditions of dissimilar microstructures.
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Raju, Sivasankara, Ch Lakshmi Srinivas, Srinivasa Rao Gunji, T. Srinag, Meda Chandra Shekhar, and Timothi Pandi. "Estimation of Effect of Cold Forging Deformational Behavior on Al-2024 Alloy Reinforced with Fly-Ash Particulates." In 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Emerging Technologies. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-609250.

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This work emphasize on utilization of fly ash in to novel aluminium alloy (Al-2024). The Al-2024 alloy and composites (≈10%flyash) prepared by stir casting technique. The composites is cold forged and identified properties (mechanical, structural and stress distribution in component). Upset tests at room temperature, during the deformation process, provide representative behaviour. The metallographic structure of alloy revelled dendritic and composites shows fine spherical prime segment split and regularly dispersed intermetallic compounds. The stress intensity and distribution of temperature were examined in depth at different input combinations. Compression tests were conducted on Ø 12 mm cylindrical specimens at an H/D ratio of 1.0 and 1.5 for alloy and fly ash composites (2, 6 and 10 wt %). In determining the forging load, the upset ratio defined as the mainly important factor. The strain in composites increased with increasing % of reduction in size and decreased with % of fly ash.
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Leacock, Alan G., Robert J. McMurray, D. Brown, and Ken Poston. "The Influence of Strain Rate Variations on the Appearance of Serrated Yielding in 2024-T3 Al-Clad Aluminium Alloy." In 10TH ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2729545.

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Ashbridge, M. T. J., A. G. Leacock, K. R. Gilmour, M. F. O’Donnell, and D. McDonnell. "The Effect of Solution Heat Treatment and Natural Ageing on the Yield Characteristics of a 2024-O Aluminium Alloy." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1869.

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Abstract Recent advances in computational technology have allowed engineers to conduct previously impractical analyses, particularly with the development of the Finite Element Method (FEM). In turn, this has led the sheet metal forming industry into an economy drive, with an increasing necessity for ‘first time’ forming operations and reduced scrap rates. The successful prediction of large-scale plastic deformation in a sheet component relies on the accuracy of the material model used, especially when anisotropic materials are considered. Some stretch formed or deep drawn forms are geometrically complex and may require several draws with inter-stage anneals and/or solution heat treatments to achieve full form, and the varying material properties create significant difficulties in the modelling of these forming processes. Current orthotropic yield criteria do not allow for any sense of time dependency and although the atomic effects of solution heat treatment and precipitation hardening are well understood, the macroscopic effects of deformation behaviour are not. A test program was developed to investigate the effects of an increasing age hardening time on an aerospace Alclad 2024-O material after a solution heat treatment. With access to industrial heat treatment equipment, extensive tensile tests were conducted at varying age hardening times and a test rig was manufactured to obtain balanced biaxial tension data. Through the subsequent analysis, a method of predicting the data needed to generate a materials model suitable for FEA was developed, based on a modified version of Hill’s 1990 non-quadratic yield criterion. This was used to generate yield loci for the various age hardening times and compared with the loci generated with the predicted loci. Evaluation of the accuracy of the new criterion, and hence the predictive method, was achieved through its implementation in a finite element code used to model a punch-stretch test. Modelled surface strains were then compared with those measured strains determined during an empirical validation test programme. With the knowledge that the analysis came from data predicted from a minimum of empirical tests, the predicted results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values.
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Kubit, Andrzej, Dawid Wydrzynski, Magdalena Bucior, and Bogdan Krasowski. "Testing of stiffening ribs formed by incremental forming in thin-walled aircraft structures made of 2024-T3 ALCLAD aluminium alloy." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING: ESAFORM 2018. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5035041.

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Bunel, M., F. Borit, F. Delloro, M. Jeandin, A. Bacciochini, P. Lemeille, E. Hervé, E. Meillot, K. Roche, and G. Surdon. "Experimental and Numerical Study of the Influence of Powder Characteristics in the Cold Spraying of Al-based Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Using Low-Pressure, Medium-Pressure and High-Pressure Cold Spray Facilities." In ITSC2017, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0719.

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Abstract Cold spray is continuously expanding for the repair of parts made of aluminum-based alloys. Beyond repair applications, the process is now expected to be exploited efficiently for the additive manufacturing of shaped parts. However, up to now, cold spray is limited to the achievement of rather simple shapes due to a lack of basic knowledge on coating build-up mechanisms to result in dimension-controlled deposition. The objective of this work is to fill that gap through an experimental and modeling study of the coating build-up in cold spray for this specific application. Experimentally, Al-based coatings were deposited for a large range of particle velocity due to the use of low-pressure, medium-pressure and high-pressure cold spray facilities. Particle velocity was monitored as a function of cold spray conditions. Two different types of Al 2024 (Aluminium 2024 Alloy) powders were tested. Coating porosity and microhardness were studied as a function of (both morphological and metallurgical) powder characteristics and spray conditions, primarily in the light of particle velocity. Various correlations could be exhibited. Finite element (FE) simulations of particle impacts were developed, including particle velocity from experimental measurements. These will be used as inputs in an in-house morphological model, the first stages of which could be established successfully.
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Reports on the topic "Aluminium 2024 alloy"

1

Wang, Le-Min, and Chih-Jrn Tsai. Creep Resistance of 2024 Aluminum Alloy. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9110.

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Whalen, Scott, Keerti Kappagantula, MD Reza E Rabby, Xiao Li, Nicole Overman, Matthew Olszta, Tianhao Wang, et al. Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE) of Aluminum Alloy 7075, 2024, and Al-12.4TM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1843596.

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Koch, Gerhardus H., Elise L. Hagerdorn, and Alan P. Berens. Effect of Preexisting Corrosion on Fatigue Cracking of Aluminum Alloys 2024-T3 and 7075-T6. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430616.

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Yu, Lingyu, and Kumar V. Jata. Review and Study of Physics Driven Pitting Corrosion Modeling in 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloys (Postprint). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada624864.

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Belkacem, Lallia. The possibility of using the 2024 aluminum alloy drill pipe that was processed superficially to reduce failure during dynamic loading. Peeref, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2303p7981242.

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Placzankis, Brian E., Chris E. Miller, and Craig A. Matzdorf. GM 9540P Cyclic Accelerated Corrosion Analysis of Nonchromate Conversion Coatings on Aluminum Alloys 2024, 2219, 5083, and 7075 Using DOD Paint Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416876.

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Placzankis, Brian E., Chris E. Miller, and Craig A. Matzdorf. GM 9540P Cyclic Accelerated Corrosion Analysis of Nonchromate Conversion Coatings on Aluminum Alloys 2024, 2219, 5083, and 7075 Using DoD Paint Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419831.

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