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Skibinski, Bertram. "Swimming pool water treatment with conventional and alternative water treatment technologies." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-233929.
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To mitigate microbial activity in swimming pools and to assure hygienic safety for bathers, pool systems have a re-circulating water system ensuring continuous water treatment and disinfection by chlorination. A major drawback associated with the use of chlorine as disinfectant is its potential to react with organic matter (OM) present in pool water to form potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBP).
In this thesis, the treatment performance of different combinations of conventional and novel treatment processes was compared using a pilot scale swimming pool model that was operated under reproducible and fully controlled conditions. The quality of the pool water was determined in means of volatile DBPs and the concentration and composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC).
Further, overall apparent reaction rates for the removal of monochloramine (MCA), a DBP found in pool water, in granular activated carbon (GAC) beds were determined using a fixed-bed reactor system operated under conditions typical for swimming pool water treatment. The reaction rates as well as the type of reaction products formed were correlated with physico-chemical properties of the tested GACs.
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Ajmo, Craig T. "Alternative targets for the treatment of stroke." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002114.
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Zhu, Yanting. "Exploring alternative cytotoxic strategies for cancer treatment." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/65.
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Triggering direct cytotoxicity has been the most common strategy for developing cancer treatments. The cytotoxic regimens currently used in the clinic mainly include radiation therapy, classic chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g. DNA damaging drugs and anti-mitotic drugs) and selected new targeted drugs. Although these therapies are the standard of care for most cancer patients, they suffer significant limitations: responses to these therapies vary significantly between cancer types and patients; sensitive cancers tend to acquire resistance; and they cause serious toxicity, particularly to dividing cells in the bone marrow and gut, and to neurons. It is not clear whether major improvements in cytotoxic anticancer therapies are possible; if they are, progress is likely to come from either new methods for identifying sub-populations of patients that respond well to current drugs, or developing new therapies with novel cytotoxic mechanisms. To pursue the above two avenues towards potential improvement of cytotoxic therapies, this thesis investigates: biomarkers that determine the sensitivity of distinct cancer cell types to common anti-mitotic chemotherapeutics; and the mechanistic basis to employ alternating electric field and Natural Killer cells as alternative methods to trigger cancer cell death. The study uses time-lapse microscopy as the major technique to characterize and quantify response dynamics to the different cytotoxic treatments, and the results provide important new insight not only for understanding existing cytotoxic anticancer drugs but also for developing novel cytotoxic regimens.
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Hassinger, Elaine, and Jack Watson. "Mound Systems: Alternative On-site Wastewater Treatment." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146416.
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2 pp.The conventional on-site household wastewater treatment system is known as the septic tank and absorption (leach) field. Local soil conditions; type, depth, texture and permeability all contribute to how well wastewater is treated as it moves toward groundwater. Soil conditions in parts of Arizona are not suitable for absorption fields, so alternative disposal systems are necessary. This article provides information on alternative disposal systems, the septic tank-mound system, and includes the description of the system, its background, where it should be used, and the cost and time consideration.
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Ajmo, Craig T. Jr. "Alternative Targets for the Treatment of Stroke." Scholar Commons, 2007. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/594.
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Stroke is cerebrovascular injury that has been reported to be the third leading cause of death and the first leading cause of disability in the world (W. H.O. 2007). Currently, there is only one FDA approved treatment for stroke which is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. This treatment has a narrow therapeutic window of three hours after ischemic stroke and can adversely cause the production of oxygen free radicals and intracranial hemorrhage. These limitations result in only 2-3% of all stroke victims as being candidates for this therapy as many patients do not arrive at the hospital in time to receive treatment, are not properly diagnosed, or do not know that they have had a stroke within this three hour time period. The purpose of these experiments was to elucidate alternative targets of stroke for the benefit of developing new treatments that stimulate neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects at the site of injury. It has been shown that transfusion of human umbilical cord blood cells up to 48 hours after stroke significantly reduces infarction and we have examined other targets that mimic these effects. We have shown that sigma receptor activation by DTG, a high affinity universal sigma agonist, reduces infarct volume when administered 24 hours after stroke. This suggests that modulation of neurodegenerative and inflammatory responses can extend the therapeutic window of treatment. For the first time, evidence is provided that shows that the spleen enhances the neurodegeneration caused by stroke as splenectomy prior to stroke profoundly decreased infarction volume. Finally, we studied signaling mechanisms of the splenic reaction to stroke and determined that this response is not directly dependent on neurotransmission via the splenic nerve. Denervation of the spleen prior to stroke showed no changes in neurodegenerative load at the site of injury in rat brains when compared to those subjected to stroke only. Overall, these experiments provide evidence showing that targets mediating neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects can lead to novel therapeutic interventions of stroke.
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Vincent, Charles. "The treatment of headache by acupuncture." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307698.
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Ching, Diego. "Upgrading of biomass: alternative ways for biomass treatment." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149373.
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As the world population and wealth increases it is necessary to look for sustainable alternatives to guarantee modern living standards. With depleting resources and the threat of global warming, biomass is emerging as a promising alternative to lay the basis for a bio-based sustainable economy. New biomass upgrading trends lead to the concept of biorefinery, where a large array of chemicals, fuels and energy can be produced, maximizing the value of biomass. The aim of the present work is to find industrial biorefinery processes developed to produce chemicals and fuels but that at the same time yield considerable amounts of combustible by-products that can be employed as a fuel in Vattenfall´s power plants. This paper is focused on lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock. A comprehensive review of existing technologies at different maturity levels to upgrade biomass is done. The review covers biomass pretreatment operations, thermochemical, chemical and biochemical processes. It starts by describing simple unitary operations that are used to build complex biorefinery systems. A selection of some of the possible biorefinery schemes is briefly described. After listing and describing different biomass upgrading processes, three process were selected for further analysis. Two biorefinery processes with different maturity levels were selected: the Biofine process and Lignocellulosic Ethanol. A process to produce a solid fuel, Hydrothermal Carbonization, was selected as well. The process selection was done according to Vattenfall´s interests. The three processes selected were further analyzed performing a mass and energy balance. To achieve these tasks, a model of the processes using Microsoft Excel was done. The estimation of the product yields and energy usage was done assuming woodchips as a feedstock. Sensitive operating conditions where the energy usage can be improved are identified. After the mass and energy balance an economical evaluation by means of OPEX and CAPEX calculations was done to determine the profitability of the processes. Opportunities for each process are identified and conditions to achieve or improve the profitability of the processes were pinpointed. The biorefinery concept is an emerging technology and as any new technology there are obstacles that need to be surpassed for being introduced into the market. A discussion on these issues was made as they will drive R&D efforts, industrial development and policies in the upcoming years. The importance of innovation in technology through R&D and market push policy measures was analyzed as it plays a fundamental role in the industrial dynamics of emerging technologies. Synergies and cooperation between the pulp and paper, forest, petrochemical and energy industries should be seek to tackle the challenges these technologies present and endorse a sustainable bio-based economy.
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McFadden, Jessica Mason. "Woolf's alternative medicine| Narrative consciousness as social treatment." Thesis, Western Illinois University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1572942.
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The primary objective of this thesis project is to investigate Woolf's narrative construction of consciousness and its enactment of resistance against the clinical model of cognitive normativity, using Mrs. Dalloway. This objective is part of an effort to identify the ways in which Woolf's writing can be used, foundationally, to challenge the contemporary language of clinical diagnosis, as it functions to maintain power imbalances and serves as a mechanism of the rigid policing of normativity. It is also intended to support the suggestion that Woolf's novels and essays make a valuable contribution, when advanced by theory—including disability theory, to scientific conversations on the mind. One major benefit is that doing so encourages border-crossing between disciplines and views. More specifically, this project examines the ways in which Mrs. Dalloway resists the compulsory practice of categorizing and dividing the mind. The novel, I assert, supports an alternative narrative treatment, not of the mind but, of the normative social forces that police it. It allows and encourages readers to reframe stigmatizing, divisive, and power-based categories of cognitive difference and to resist the scientific tendency to dismiss pertinent philosophical and theoretical treatments of consciousness that are viable in literature. The critical portion of the project is concerned with the way in which Mrs. Dalloway addresses consciousness and challenges medical authority. Its implications urge the formation of an investigative alliance between Woolf's work and psychology that will undermine the power differential, call attention to and dismantle the stigma of "mental illness," and propel clinical treatment into new diagnostic practices.
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Бабенко, Наталія Олександрівна. "Aromatherapy: essential oils as an alternative to treatment." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15260.
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Roshdieh, Rana. "Alternative Waste Treatment System for Poultry Processing Plants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46421.
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The objective of this research was to design an alternative wastewater treatment system for turkey processing plants to recover energy and reduce N and P to allowable discharge levels. The objective included: 1. Determine the quantity and quality of biogas produced from the turkey processing wastewater (TPW) and COD reduction efficiency. 2. Design a waste treatment system and validate proof of concept for simultaneous P and N removal with a goal of attaining effluent concentrations of 0.1 mg/L and 4 mg/L, for P and N, respectively.
A lab-scale complete mixed anaerobic digester was used for turkey processing wastewater (TPW) digestion and biogas recovery running for 6 months. Along with the anaerobic digester, a two-sludge system called A2N-SBR consisting of an anaerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor and an attached growth post-nitrification reactor was added for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal running for 3 months. Biogas production yields of 778 + 89 mL/gVSadded and 951.30 mL/g COD were obtained through anaerobic digestion. Also, an energy balance was conducted on a pilot scale digester for a turkey processing plant with wastewater production of 2160 m3/d and using a combined heat and power (CHP) enginefor conversion of biogas to heat and electricity. Although the biogas yield achieved in a complete mixed reactor was relatively lower than yields obtained in previous studies using reactors such as UASB, still a complete mixed reactor can be a good choice for biogas recovery from TPW and can be used for codigestion with some specific turkey processing byproducts for biogas recovery.
Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the A2N-SBR system were 47% and 75%, respectively, and during the study the nitrogen and phosphorus removal mean concentration in effluent did not meet the nutrient limits specified in the objectives. Average TP and TN in the effluent were 3.2 mg/L and 137 mg/L, respectively. Throughout the study, the nitrification reactor biofilm was not completely developed. Incomplete nitrification and poor settling might be the reasons that quality obtained in effluent was low. To improve the process condition in A2N-SBR, online monitoring of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) can help to optimize each stage in the SBR and stages duration can be set based on the results.Master of Science
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Maree, Michelle Nerine. "An alternative treatment for type B Ulnar Polydactyly." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2845.
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Includes summary.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-50).
Rudimentary ulnar polydactyly is one of the most common congenital hand anomalies. These are conventionally treated by suture ligation in the neonatal period or by formal excision, when the child is one year of age. For the last three years, the Congenital Hand Unit at Red Cross Children’s Hospital has used vascular clip ligation as an alternative method of treatment for rudimentary ulnar polydactyly, based on the same principle as suture ligation, but with less associated complications. A study was performed at the unit, where two hundred and nineteen supernumerary digits were treated over a two-year period. The digits were ligated using a vascular clip, as an outpatient procedure.
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Lee, Dal-Hoon. "Development of an alternative biofilter system for odor treatment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0028/NQ38924.pdf.
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陶鷹翔 and Yingxiang Tao. "An assessment of alternative wastewater treatment approaches in Guangzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239365.
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Tao, Yingxiang. "An assessment of alternative wastewater treatment approaches in Guangzhou /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20868364.
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Jugdhaw, Diara. "Is the Value-Added-Tax treatment for educational services still valid?Is zero-rating a better alternative to the current VAT treatment?Are there any other alternative VAT treatments available?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29413.
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The aim of this dissertation is to analyse whether the current VAT treatment for educational institutions is still valid given the development within these institutions and if not, to identify alternative VAT treatments that may be used. Educational services are an exempt supply under section 12(h) of the VAT Act. The main reason for the exemption of educational services is that many of the institutions providing educational services were government institutions and to some extent financed by the government. However, over the years, the activities of institutions providing educational services have changed drastically and a reduced number of institutes are wholly subsidized in terms of government subsidies. In order to aid government grants and increase income, these institutions have increased their taxable activities considerably. Furthermore, privately owned and semi-subsidized institutions are accountable for their own costs and are not provided any or limited support from government. Numerous educational institutions within South Africa conduct an enterprise with the rendering of taxable supplies in addition to the provision of educational services. Such additional activities, provided the educational institute qualifies for and is VAT registered, are taxed at the standard rate. This in turn has created complications in administering the VAT Act, whereby these service providers are then required to carry out an apportionment calculation of VAT on their mixed supplies. This practice is inefficient and not cost effective. Furthermore, the ease of compliance, which was the basis in implementing the exemption, is diminished, as registration for VAT purposes is unavoidable. Educational institutions that render taxable supplies would be incurring inputs on associated costs. The effect of exempting educational services from the VAT net ultimately results in an increase in tuition fees as the burden of “hidden” or “trapped” cost is passed onto the student, as a result of the institution’s inability to claim a refund of the tax paid. As there is no recovery of input tax embedded in the price of exempt supplies, the cost of the tax included in the price must be borne by the entity that acquires the exempt supply and can only be recovered if the tax is passed on to customers. This is in effect contradictory to the initial intention of the government’s political and economic objective in respect of education, to ensure access to education to all on a non-discriminatory basis. As the objective and intention of the legislation towards exempting educational services is no longer satisfied, it must be reassessed and the treatment relating thereto re-examined. The first alternate VAT treatment recommended is for educational services to be zero rated, this will reduce the administrative burden most educational institutions currently face in terms of carrying out complex apportionment calculations and will keep with the original intention of the VATCOM. Furthermore educational institutions will have additional funding via the release of input tax credits which may potentially result in a reduction in the percentage increase in student fees in future periods the burden of the ‘hidden’ or ‘trapped cost’ will not be passed onto the student. Other VAT treatments recommended should zero-rating fail is to tax educational services at a reduced rate or include educational services as a welfare organization activity. Should the above-recommended VAT treatments not be feasible it is suggested that the current VAT treatment be improved by providing additional guidance on what supplies can be included as educational services.
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Hsü, Elizabeth. "Transmission of knowledge, texts and treatment in Chinese medicine." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240101.
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鍾嘉怡 and Ka-yi Chung. "An evidence-based guideline : using progressive muscle relaxation exercise in maintaining optimal blood pressure for adult patients with hypertension." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193083.
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Hypertension is one of the most common chronic medical problems around the world and it is an important public health challenge. Hypertension can lead to cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, renal failure, myocardial infraction or stroke. According to the statistics from the Census and Statistics Department, it revealed that the ratio of people with known hypertension was about 11.0% in 2011/12. Exposure to stress has been evidenced by different studies as a risk factor for hypertension. Stress included occupational stress, stressful events from the social environment, and low socioeconomic status. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy plays an important role in controlling hypertension apart from the traditional management such as the use of medication or diet control.
Objective
The objectives of the translational nursing research are to develop an evidence- based guidelines for hypertension patients to maintain an optimal blood pressure level.
Methods
5 electronic databases including Medline (Ovid SP) (1950–Aug week 4 2012), Pubmed, ISI web of knowledge (1956- Aug 2012) , The PsycINFO database (1980- Aug 2012) and Cochrane Library (1950- Aug 2012) are used for systematic search of literature. Five suitable are identified while three studies are randomized controlled trials and two are quasi-experimental design. The 5 studies were summarized and a table of evidence is formed. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist was used for critical appraisal. The findings indicate that progressive muscle relaxation exercise has significant effects in maintaining optimal blood pressure for hypertension patients. In order to implement the evidence- based protocol, an implementation plan is developed. A pilot test is implemented before the full- scale implementation of innovation. An evaluation plan is developed in order to assess the effectiveness of the program.
Conclusion
There are all together 8 recommendations are made in this protocol which based on the 5 chosen studies. According to SIGN’s “Grades of Recommendation”, all 8 recommendations in the protocol are graded as “A”. The innovation is proposed to implemented at an outpatient clinic for the hypertension patients. The progressive muscle relaxation exercise would be last for 6 weeks, which is effective in maintaining optimal blood pressure in hypertension patients. In the views of the transferability of the evidences, the feasibility and the cost-effectiveness of the program, the proposed program is considered as rewarding to carry out at the outpatient clinic in Hong Kong.published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Nursing
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Martin, Dennis Gerard. "Natural wastewater treatment systems, field-scale alternative evaluation and comparison." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0010/MQ31228.pdf.
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Lambe, Camille Eckerd Germino Barbara B. "Complementary and alternative therapy use during treatment of breast cancer." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,671.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Nursing." Discipline: Nursing; Department/School: Nursing.
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Schell, Rebecca. "Sceletium tortuosum and Mesembrine: A Potential Alternative Treatment for Depression." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/375.
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Major depressive disorder affects people’s productivity and ability to function in everyday life. The disorder can be attributed to neurochemical imbalances of various neurotransmitters including but not limited to serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Conventional pharmacological treatments have focused primarily on these three neurotransmitters, and have been shown to be effective in alleviating most of the major symptoms of depression. Although these treatments are effective with most patients, they are known to have adverse side effects, causing patients to seek alternative treatments. Sceletium tortuosum, a succulent plant found in the Cape region of South Africa, has been shown to have anxiolytic effects when used recreationally. Studies have confirmed the presence of a family of alkaloids mesembrines that are present within the plant and believed to be responsible for the calming effects. Pharmacological analyses have revealed that individual members of the alkaloid family act as either serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI) or phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors. The current study seeks to elucidate the antidepressant properties of the mesembrine alkaloids in a mouse model of depression. Isolated alkaloids were administered at a low dose (10 mg/kg) and a high dose (80 mg/kg) to BALB/c mice in the forced swim test a rodent model of behavioral despair. This was compared with paroxetine (Paxil) (1 mg/kg), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with proven antidepressant efficacy, and 0.9% saline. Each trial of the forced swim test was administered for six minutes and the duration of swimming and immobility was measured. In order to assess any locomotor effects of the drug treatments, an open field exploration test was also employed one week following the forced swim task. Results from the forced swim test revealed a statistically significant reduction in the duration of immobility (behavioral despair) between the low dose of alkaloids and saline. No significant effects in immobility were found across the other drug treatment conditions (high dose mesembrine, paroxetine, and saline). Further, none of the treatment groups showed statistically significant locomotor interference effects in the open field exploration test. We conclude that the mesembrine alkaloids present in Sceletium tortuosum have antidepressant properties and may represent a suitable alternative for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
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Robinson, Janet E. "Hazardous waste treatment and disposal: alternative technologies and groundwater impacts." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91066.
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The most important thermal, chemical, physical, and biological methods for treating hazardous wastes and the fate of their land-disposed residues are reviewed and evaluated. Technologies are described as major, minor, and emerging according to their stage of development or application to hazardous waste; major ones include rotary kiln, liquid injection, and cement kiln incineration; neutralization, chemical oxidation-reduction, and ion exchange; filtration, distillation and settling techniques; and activated sludge, aerated lagoon, and landfarming treatment. Emerging technologies include molten salt and fluidized- bed combustion, liquid-ion extraction and other processes, none of which are considered to be outside the realm of current or future economic feasibility. In addition, waste reduction strategies and the land burial of stabilized/solidified wastes are discussed. Residues from these technologies vary widely according to waste type and composition, but a common component in many of them is heavy metals, which, as elements, cannot be further degraded to other products. The results of the available literature suggests that these metals will be retained in clay liners beneath a landfill through the mechanism of cation exchange, with the adsorption of metals favored by their smaller hydrated size, lower heat of hydration, and in some cases, higher valences than the naturally occurring alkali earth metals. Other important factors include ionic activity, the pH and ionic strength of the solution, the presence of complexing agents, and the possible surface heterogeneity of the clay. In soils, metal binding through cation exchange with clay is augmented by adsorption onto iron and manganese oxides and complexing with organic matter such as humic acids. Many field studies with landfarmed metal-bearing wastes show that these mechanisms are usually sufficient to retain metals to within several inches of their zone of application.M.S.
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Heath, Paul. "Alternative processing methods for the thermal treatment of radioactive wastes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9674/.
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The UK has large volumes of radioactive materials which are classified as Intermediate Level Waste (ILW). The baseline treatment for these wastes is encapsulation via cementation, however, this method is not ideally suited for numerous wastes, both in the UK and globally. Alternative thermal processing methods for these materials may be capable of producing wasteforms with improved properties. This thesis presents a series of scoping studies on the thermal treatment of a diverse range of ILWs in order to identify the potential benefits and pits falls of such processes. The wastes selected were Tri-Structural Isotropic (TRISO) Fuel Particles, Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR) raffinate, SIXEP sand/clinoptilolite ion exchange materials and SrTreat® Ion exchange material. The scoping studies performed showed promise for the thermal treatment of all selected waste streams. A summary of the main results for each waste stream are provided below; TRISO Fuel Particles: Immobilisation focused on encapsulation of the particles in highly durable glass matrices. Alumino-borosilicates were determined to be the most effective glass composition for the production of composites, in terms of both their physical and chemical properties. The ability of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing) to improve composites was investigated. Unfortunately, this was shown to result in severe fracturing within the composite. This was hypothesised to occur as a result of excessive pressurisation during the cooling cycle. The HIP process did show some benefits in terms of particle coating properties and with small alterations to the HIP cycle utilised it should also be possible to eliminate the detrimental fracturing features. PFR Raffinate: The vitrification of PFR raffinate was investigated using the G73 glass composition, a glass which has been previously proposed for the immobilisation of other ILWs. This glass was proven to be capable of accommodating a waste loading of up to 20 wt% PFR raffinate. The glass produced was homogeneous with good waste retention, had no noted crystal formation, an aqueous durability comparable to currently employed HLW glasses and the thermal characteristics necessary for industrial scale up. Further study should be performed on the ability of this waste to retain Cs during processing and in aqueous solution. SIXEP Sand/Clinoptilolite Waste: SIXEP sand/clinoptilolite was processed at 95 wt% with a 50 % volume reduction by HIPing. The waste produced was a phase separated glass-ceramic. The wasteform was deemed to be suitable for ILW immobilisation and had an exceptional Cs ii retention in aqueous solutions. However, the presence of an alkali earth sulphate phase increased the Sr release to solution. Attempts to qualify the suitability of this wasteform for disposal, developed methodologies to investigate the properties of phase separated materials. A combination of vertical scanning interferometry (VSI), dissolution experiments and SEM imaging was shown to be capable of elucidating the dissolution behaviour based upon compositional variation. SrTreat®: SrTreat® was processed at 100% waste loading via HIPing. This aim was to investigate the potential for developing ion exchange columns which could subsequently be HIPed, as such, providing a complete waste treatment solution. The HIP process produced a monolithic, mixed phase sodium titanate ceramic. This ceramic was formed by the sintering of individual grain structures and retained the compositional variations seen in the granular waste stream. The wasteform was porous around the grain edges, determined to occur as a result of carbonate formation prior to HIPing. The carbonation of this material is likely to limit the potential to utilise HIPing as a disposal methodology for these wastes. However the aqueous dissolution behaviour of these wastes was still favourable and the process was shown to create a significant reduction in waste volume. The work performed in this thesis has shown that various methods for thermal treatment can be rapidly investigated to determine the potential benefits and pit falls. The application of thermal treatments was shown to be capable of producing significant improvements in wasteform quality by comparison with the cementitious alternatives.
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Corral, Andrea F. "Alternative Technologies for Inland Desalination." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333122.
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Water scarcity is one of the biggest issues we have to face as population and water consumption levels increase despite a fixed supply of renewable fresh water. Meeting the challenges that water scarcity poses to food production, ecosystem health, and political and social stability will require new approaches to using and managing water. Desalination already plays an essential role in water management. It constitutes a secure source of safe drinking water supply once demand management measures are fully implemented. Overcoming problems related to brine minimization and disposal is key to sustainable, efficient inland water desalination. The main focus of this was the investigation of technical limits and improvements for application in inland desalination. The first part of the dissertation covers the study of Membrane Distillation (MD) for desalination of water. The second part provides a broad perspective of Reverse Osmosis (RO), pretreatments -comparison of slow sand filtration and microfiltration-, post-mortem study of membranes to determining fouling and scaling causes, and RO brine minimization via Vibratory Shear Enhance Processing (VSEP®) for use in RO brine minimization. The study of Vacuum Membrane Distillation in a hollow fiber membrane was studied. Experimental work is supported by an original mathematical model to expose the physics of VMD and support predictions that extend VMD results beyond these generated in the laboratory. The advantages and disadvantages of each pretreatment, including their effects the effect on the performance of RO, a post-mortem membrane study and an economic analysis. The post-mortem study of membranes used during Yuma Desalting Plant operation. This work was used to identify the best pretreatment and more suitable membrane to treat saline water in the lower Colorado River. The work performed during the brine minimization study using VSEP®. This study included experimental data and an extensive economic analysis comparing Ion Exchange (IX) as pretreatment and VSEP® as post-treatment for RO.
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Vincent, Dawn A. "Acceptance of complementary and alternative medicine among pediatric patients with diabetes." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366504.
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The purpose of this research study was to determine the acceptability of complementary and alternative medicine use in a pediatric population with diabetes. Subjects included 76 patients who attend or have previously attended a diabetes clinic at Riley Hospital for Children in Indianapolis, Indiana.Once patient and parent approval had been granted, the researcher conducted a telephone interview to gather information. Using SPSS statistical software, frequencies and Chi-squared analysis were performed on the data collected. It was revealed that although subjects had a wide variety of concerns with the use of CAM and were unsure about whether it "could heal diabetes or other health problems," a majority were willing to try CAM. Results also indicated that willingness to try CAM was not affected by the age of the child, the type of diabetes present, use of insulin or special diet, or current use of a vitamin or supplement.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Boltman, Haaritha. "A systematic review on maternal and neonatal outcomes of ingested herbal and homeopathic remedies used during pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Herbal and homeopathic compounds have been used to aid in childbearing and pregnancy for centuries. Much of this information is anecdotal and lacks scientific support, making it difficult to evaluate safety and efficacy. Increased public interest in alternative treatments leads to the need for a systematic review on the topic. Herbal remedies are most often used to treat the most common pregnancy-related problems like nausea, stretch marks and varicose veins. In contrast to this, concerns have also been raised about the adverse effects of these remedies. The primary objective of this research project was to conduct a systematic review to assess the maternal and neonatal outcomes of ingested herbal and homeopathic remedies using during pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding.
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Laws, Siobhan Alison Mary. "Somatostatin receptor subtype mRNA expression in human colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364711.
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楊靜一. "針灸抗腫瘤免疫臨床試驗文獻研究." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/240.
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2012年，全球大約有1410萬人患上癌症， 820萬人死於癌症。我國惡性腫瘤發病率亦高達235.23/10萬。目前公認的放化療不僅存在副作用，且嚴重影響患者免疫功能，與之不同的是，針灸干預並非直接作用於腫瘤，而是機體的神經-內分泌-免疫網路、心理（安慰）甚至基因方面，使機體產生抗腫瘤的效應，其中提高機體的免疫力即相當於中醫的“扶正固本。本研究擬以針灸抗腫瘤免疫臨床研究試驗中，分析放化療基礎上運用針灸療法的臨床療效，以期進一步臨床指導。 方法：選用國內權威數據庫中國期刊全文數據庫（ CNKI ）、中國優秀碩士學位論文全文數據庫、中國博士學位論文全文數據庫、維普中文期刊數據庫（ VIP ）、萬方學術期刊全文數據庫、中國生物醫學文獻服務系統（ CBM ）以及MEDLINE(OVID)等作為資料來源。選擇在針對放他療治療基礎上運用針灸療法（治療組）抗腫瘤免疫的臨床試驗文獻，進行穴位頻次等基礎數據的綜合分析，並將經Jadad量表評分2分以上的文獻納入系統評價（Meta分析） 結果：經嚴格篩選，最終納入文獻64篇，涉及4286例患者，進行基礎數據的綜合分析並從中選擇品質較高的18篇文獻進行系統評價。從統計結果分析，與對照主比較，治療組在抗腫瘤提升免疫功能方面具有統計學意義， 證實針灸抗腫瘤免疫的療效肯定。 結論：針灸抗腫瘤免疫治療優勢明顯，對各型腫瘤存在廣泛治療作用，但能否實現對某一型腫瘤或某一類免疫細胞靶向性治療仍有待研究。故還需要設計良好的隨機對照及多中心臨床試驗做進一步探討，為尋找腫瘤治療的新出路提供依據。
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Krueger, Timothy William. "An Alternative Planting Treatment for Turf Open Spaces in Conservation Subdivisions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31925.
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As conservation subdivisions increase in popularity, large tracts of community open spaces are being created. The typical landscape treatment is usually reminiscent of the English Landscape School: acres of turf providing little wildlife habitat or environmental benefits. Many homeowners are sold on the idea of great expanses of turf similar to a golf course. The open spaces are generally left to the homeowners association to maintain. In some cases it is donated to local municipalities. Maintenance is often expensive and places a burden on local governments. This study will show that creating more sustainable open spaces can correct this problem. This can be accomplished through the use of an ecologically based planting design. The following thesis project focuses on an alternative landscape planting treatment for these large open spaces, a treatment that has a significant cost savings and offers a different experience.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Hodges, Alan J. "Alternative Treatment Technologies for Low-Cost Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Management." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5884.
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Roughly the same volume of water that rushes over the Niagara Falls is produced as wastewater in North America. This wastewater is treated through a variety of means to ensure that it can be safely returned to the natural ecosystem. This thesis examines two novel means for this treatment, one biological and one physical-chemical in nature, namely, Rotating Algae Biofilm Reactor treatment and expanded shale augmented coagulation-flocculation.
Rotating algae biofilm reactors (RABRs) support biofilm algae growth, and in turn, the algae take up harmful contaminants from the wastewater. This system was tested in wastewater from petroleum refining operations. The efficacy of the RABR system was compared with a traditional method of wastewater treatment, open pond lagoons, where wastewater is open to sunlight and algae growth occurs in suspension as compared to the biofilm formed by the RABR system. The RABR treatment demonstrated a statistically significant increase in removal of three constituents in wastewater that are harmful to the environment: nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended solids. Additionally, the RABR treatment demonstrated increased biomass production. This biomass can be converted into a variety of bioproducts including biofuels, agricultural feed, and nutraceuticals. This study is the first demonstration of this system in petroleum refining wastewater.
Currently, many wastewater treatment facilities use coagulation-flocculation to remove suspended solids from the wastewater. To achieve this removal, coagulants are added to the wastewater, which removes surface charges of the suspended particles, allowing particles in solution to coalesce and settle by gravity out of solution. One common coagulant added to wastewater is ferric sulfate. This study demonstrated that the addition of a new compound, expanded shale, to ferric sulfate could greatly improve the efficacy of the existing ferric sulfate coagulation system.
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Patricia, van Es Nina. "Illness and the Treatment Response: The Patient's View." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4886.
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In American society, where the biomedical profession is institutionalized and its therapies dominate health care, a decision to deviate from prevailing norms can be considered remarkable. Yet research done by Eisenberg et al. (1993) found that unconventional or alternative medicine had an "enormous presence" in U.S. health care and that one in three persons had utilized an unconventional therapy in 1990. The objective of this thesis was to explore this phenomenon. Individuals who had used alternative and biomedical intervention to treat a disorder were recruited through practitioners of alternative therapies. Through semi-structured interviews, case histories focusing on the illness trajectory and treatment choices were obtained. These were analyzed following a method outlined by Glaser and Strauss (1967) for generating grounded theory. The specific purpose of this study was to examine the case histories for a basic social process and to identify key variables which influenced the utilization of both a biomedical and alternative intervention. It was the position of this thesis that treatment responses involved more than the decision to accept or decline a specific therapy. Rather, choices were made by social actors embedded within unique social worlds which were differentiated by social variables (e.g., culture, ethnicity, social class) particular to the individual (see, among others, Brown 1989, Fitzpatrick 1989, Freund and McGuire 1991, Gerhardt 1989, Kleinman 1988, Mumford 1983). Treatment decisions were made within a framework of internalized patterns of interpretation and meaning, dynamically influenced by ongoing interactional and relational patterns; an individual's treatment response could be conceptualized as an emergent, multi-phased process (Pescosolido 1992). Analysis of respondents' case histories supported the notion of a dynamic response process. Individuals described an evolving illness trajectory directed at achieving a desired state of wellness. Disparities between treatment outcomes and the desired goal prompted an evaluation and choice-making process. All respondents had developed a health care conceptualization in which biomedical and alternative therapies were either categorized as effective for specific conditions or occupied a particular place on a health care continuum, thereby perceiving a scope of treatment options beyond those available within biomedicine.
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Hamilton, Amanda Lin. "Ayahuasca and the Treatment of Depression and Addiction| A Depth Perspective." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10750209.
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Using hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this thesis explores the possibility of a psychedelic Amazonian plant medicine known as ayahuasca to be used in the treatment of depression and addiction. Incorporating a depth psychology approach, this thesis explores the similarities and differences between Peruvian shamanism and Jungian depth psychology. The author draws on depth psychological theory in analyzing her experiences with ayahuasca, highlighting the role of psychotherapy in integrating her experiences as part of her process of individuation and healing trauma. The research points to a positive correlation between ayahuasca use and the treatment of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder and substance use disorders such as alcohol use disorder. The thesis examines the role of spirituality and experiences with the numinous in helping one to heal from mood disorders and substance dependency and find a greater sense of empowerment and meaning in life.
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Li, Yang. "Developing new immuno-oncology drugs from traditional Chinese medicine." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/878.
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The most exciting area in current cancer research is immuno-oncology, which aims to develop immunotherapy that activates the human immune system to attack cancers. However, we still lack broadly effective drugs and drug targets for this promising new cancer treatment modality. In an attempt to seek new immuno-oncology drugs that particularly target the antitumor innate immunity, our lab had previously screened traditional Chinese herbal medicine and found that water extract from a medicinal plant, Alocasia Cucullata (AC), has strong anticancer activity in mouse solid tumor models and acts partly by promoting antitumor, proinflammatory macrophages. However, the active components responsible for this exciting immuno-oncology activity and the corresponding immune targets are unknown. Therefore, the aim of my PhD study is to develop chemical biology strategies to isolate and purify the active components of AC from the crude water extract and identify the corresponding cellular targets and mechanisms. Results from my study identified two separable activities and active components, one smaller than 3K and the other larger than 100K, which work synergistically to simulate antitumor macrophages. Further analysis revealed the >100K active component is a large polysaccharide that binds to multiple Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) critical for activating proinflammatory M1-type macrophages. Identity of the Nonetheless, I was able to clean up this fraction by 50 fold and perform RNAseq to examine the innate immune targets of this intriguing drug lead and found it acts to differentiate monocytes to macrophages. Overall my PhD thesis has explored new chemical biology strategies to purify and characterize active components from traditional Chinese medicine towards new drug development and developed a variety of cell-based immune activity assays for identifying and characterizing novel innate immune drug targets and mechanisms
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司徒慧瑜. "針灸治療腦部損傷後意識障礙的計量文獻分析." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1309.
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呂美芬. "針灸治療不孕症的用穴規律探討." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1307.
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王譽穎. "慢性頭痛的激痛點針刺取穴方案的初步文獻研究." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/450.
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目的：主要通過對激痛點相關文獻的收集與分析，初步探究激痛點治療慢性頭痛的針刺取穴方案，同時與傳統針灸的取穴和治療方案進行對比，以總結出兩者的區別和聯繫，為進一步提高治療頭痛的臨床水準提供依據，並為治療慢性頭痛拓寬臨床思路。方法：本文通過對國內外期刊文獻資料庫（ Pubmed 、CNKI 等）進行檢索，搜集激痛點及傳統針灸治療頭痛的有關內容，從頭頂痛、頭後部疼痛、最頁部頭痛及額部頭痛四個部位進行歸納總結。激痛點將從不同肌肉引起相關部位頭痛著手，而傳統針灸將從陽明經頭痛、太陽經頭痛、厥陰經頭痛及少陽經頭痛的取穴方案進行分類。結果： 1 、激痛點治療頭頂痛主要針刺胸鎖乳突肌胸骨部、頭夾肌、枕額肌的激痛點。傳統針灸療法治療頭頂痛局部選穴為百會、後頂、前頂﹔遠端選穴為合穀、中院、足三裡、公孫、太沖、內關。在治療頭頂痛時，巔頂為厥陰經走行之處，但與激痛點相近的穴位中無歸厥陰經的穴位。但頭夾肌的激痛點（與風池相近）為常見治療各部位頭痛的選穴之一。2 、激痛點治療頭後部疼痛主要針刺斜方肌TrPl 、胸鎖乳突肌胸骨部、胸鎖乳突肌鎖骨部、頭半棘肌、頸半棘肌、頸夾肌、枕部下肌肉群、枕肌、二腹肌及舌骨上肌群、顳肌TrP4 的激痛點。傳統針灸療法治療頭後部疼痛局部選穴為天柱、風池、風門、風府、大椎、百會﹔遠端取穴為申脈、後溪、昆侖。激痛點療法與傳統針灸在天柱、風池穴有位置的相近或重合。3 、激痛點治療顳部頭痛主要針刺斜方肌TrPl 、胸鎖乳突肌胸骨部、顳肌（ TrP1、2 、3 ）、頸夾肌、枕部下肌肉群、頭半棘肌的激痛點。傳統針灸療法治療顛部疼痛局部選穴為太陽、絲竹空、角孫、率谷﹔遠端選穴為風池、合穀、足臨泣、外關。在治療顳部頭痛中，量頁肌的激痛點與太陽穴相近。4 、激痛點治療額部頭痛主要針刺胸鎖乳突肌鎖骨部、胸鎖乳突肌胸骨部、頭半棘肌、額肌、顴大肌的激痛點。傳統針灸療法治療額部頭痛局部選穴為印堂、上星、陽白、頭維﹔遠端選穴為內庭、解溪、合谷、曲池、足三裡。兩者在陽白穴有位置的相近或重合，其中額大肌的激痛點與地倉相近，同屬陽明經。結論：激痛點和傳統針灸療法治療慢性頭痛既有相似之處，又存在差異。1 、兩者在理論基礎、治療方式、針刺後效應及治療病種方面皆存在不同。2 、同時，兩者在位置及取穴手段上又有一定的相似和重合。其中激痛點的選穴，與傳統針灸的局部選穴比較類似。但激痛點取穴不限於疼痛局部，還會在疼痛稍遠但與疼痛部位有直接或稍間接的聯繫處選穴針刺。而傳統針刺，常會配合四肢遠端取穴。關鍵字：激痛點取穴﹔頭痛﹔文獻綜述
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余維安. ""寒主痛" 的中醫藥文獻研究." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1034.
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Ghebremichael, Kebreab Afwerki. "Moringa seed and pumice as alternative natural materials for drinking water treatment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-85.
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Pumice and the Moringa oleifera (MO) seed were investigated as alternative natural materials for drinking water treatment based on problems identified at the Stretta Vaudetto water treatment plant in Eritrea.
Lab and pilot scale studies showed that pumice was a suitable alternative material for dual media filtration. Conversion of the sand filters at Stretta Vaudetto to pumice-sand media would significantly improve performance of the filtration units. The coagulant protein from the MO seed was purified in a single-step ion exchange purification method. The parameters for batch purification were optimized that can be readily scaled up. This will promote its use in water treatment.
A small volume coagulation assay method was developed that simplified and expedited the coagulation activity experiments. MO coagulant protein (MOCP) possessed considerable coagulation and sludge conditioning properties as alum. It also showed antimicrobial effects against bacteria, some of which are antibiotic resistant. The coagulation and antimicrobial properties of MOCP render it important in water treatment.
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Gao, Wa. "Partial freezing by spraying as a treatment alternative of selected industrial wastes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0023/NQ34767.pdf.
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Ghebremichael, Kebreab A. "Moringa seed and pumice as alternative natural materials for drinking water treatment /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-85.
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van, Haandel Andre. "Irradiation as an alternative phytosanitary treatment for Arhopalus ferus and Hylurgus ligniperda." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10506.
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Wood products all require treatment to mitigate phytosanitary risk prior to exportation. The most common phytosanitary treatment applied to Pinus radiata logs is Methyl Bromide (MeBr). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2010 stated that MeBr must not be release into the atmosphere past 2020. This poses a problem for New Zealand log exports. Radiation has been identified as a possible alternative phytosanitary treatment for export wood products.
This study aimed to quantify the effective dose of radiation necessary to sterilise two forest pest species; Arhopalus ferus and Hylurgus ligniperda. These species are representative of two different types of forestry pests; bark beetles (H. ligniperda) and wood borers (A. ferus). All applicable life stages for both species were tested.
Arhopalus ferus adults were the most susceptible life stage identified with an LD99 of 30.2Gy ± 13.5 Gy (95% confidence interval). Arhopalus ferus eggs were less susceptible with a LD99 of 750Gy ± 776Gy observed; however there is low confidence in this result due to a methodological issue in one treatment replicate. Hylurgus ligniperda eggs were observed to be less susceptible than A. ferus eggs with a LD99 of 289Gy ± 92Gy. Results for the other life stages were inconclusive due to poor control survival, however the information gained was used to develop improved methods for further experimentation, which is on-going and showing positive results so far.
The results of this experiment have indicated that radiation can be an effective method of sterilising forestry pests. To date radiation has not been used as phytosanitary risk mitigation for wood exports; however it is widely used for risk mitigation in agricultural products. Currently there remains a large amount of unknown information regarding, the effectiveness for irradiation of logs, the effective dose require for sterilisation of the most tolerant forestry pest and public acceptability of irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment. These knowledge gaps and an economic assessment must be completed before irradiation can be used as a phytosanitary risk mitigation technique for forestry products.
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Torrence, A. M., and John B. Bossaer. "Alternative Treatment of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in a Patient with Severe Hepatic Impairment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2353.
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Anzalone, John Anthony. "Educators' Perspectives on Secondary Education Alternative Placement, Student Recidivism, and Treatment Models." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/739.
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The recidivism rate for disciplinary offenses has increased during the last 8 years in the secondary student population of a sizeable, urban school district in the southwest United States. Recidivism for this district is the act of committing a second disciplinary offense during a single calendar year following completion of a behavior program. Guided by Erikson's theory of social development, this case study was designed to collect a purposeful sample of 21 educators' perceptions of the impact of recidivism on students' education and the effectiveness of treatment models to reduce recidivism. Data were collected from qualitative semi-structured interviews and field notes. Data were coded to identify common themes. Six themes emerged from the analysis: academics vs. discipline, stigmas, mentoring, social pressures, truancy, and loneliness and isolation. The most effective models for reducing recidivism were identified as restorative justice and teaching-family. In addition, educators believed recidivism lowered overall student achievement. The results of this study are of interest to those seeking an understanding of the impact of recidivism on students' education. This study promotes positive social change by suggesting effective practices, models, and treatments that contribute to improved educational environments that support for all students.
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Segolela, Jane Choene. "Potential effect of senna italica on glucose transport receptors - translocation go GLUT4 in NIH-3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C2C12 muscle cells." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1558.
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Thesis (M. Sc. (Biochemistry)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015Diabetes mellitus is one of the major diseases worldwide that is life threatening and is reaching an epidemic proportion. The most important approach in reducing the burden of the disease worldwide is to search for effective, low cost hypoglycaemic drugs with fewer side effects. Past experimental evidence confirmed the hypoglycemic activity of many indigenous African medicinal plants. S. italica (Fabaceae family) is widely used by traditional healers to treat a number of diseases such as sexually transmitted diseases and other forms of intestinal complications traditionally. The current study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro effects of root and leaf extracts of S. italica on GLUT4 translocation in NIH-3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C2C12 muscle cells. In order to address the aim of the study various methods were undertaken. The roots and leaves of S. italica collected from Zebediela sub-region of the Limpopo province, South Africa, were ground to fine powder and extracted using acetone, methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The various extracts of the root and leaf material were subjected to fingerprint profiling using TLC plates and different mobile phases (BEA, CEF, EMW and BAW). The chromatograms were visualized with vanillin-H2SO4 reagent, p-anisaldehyde and iodine vapour. The extracts were assayed for the type of secondary metabolites contained in the studied plant parts using chemical text and by TLC analysis. The total phenolic content of the root and leaf material were also evaluated. Evaluation for antioxidant activity was performed using 0.2% DPPH qualitatively and quantitatively with vitamin C as a positive control. Toxicity study was performed on C2C12 muscle cells using the MTT assay, with Curcumin as a positive control and untreated cells as a negative control. The CC50 values of the acetone root and leaf extracts were determined by linear regression. The effect of acetone root and leaf extracts on glucose uptake by C2C12 muscle cells was evaluated, also on western blot and immunofluorescence for NIH-3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The solvents employed for extraction in this study are commonly used to extract various biological active compounds from plants in research settings. Methanol extracted more compounds followed by acetone, then ethyl acetate and n-hexane the least. The constituents extracted by methanol may be mostly sugars, amino acids and glycosides due to the polarity of this solvent. Hydro-alcoholic solvents extract a variety of compounds that are mostly polar. Acetone extracts xxii mostly alkaloids, aglycones and glycosides while n-hexane in general extracts mostly waxes, fats and fixed oils. High yield was obtained with leaf extracts with all the solvent used for extraction as compared to the root. The TLC finger-print showed that good separation was achieved with the methanol and acetone extracts in CEF mobile phase, ethyl acetate extracts in CEF and EMW and n-hexane extracts in BEA respectively, especially with the leaf extract. Most compounds present in S. italica extracts were UV active. Some compounds that were not reactive with vanillin-H2SO4 reagent were shown to be reactive with p-anisaldehyde reagent and iodine vapour which revealed the presence of sugars or aromatic compounds. Chemical analysis for secondary metabolites of the acetone root and leaf extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, steroids, reducing sugars and alkaloids while glycosides were detected only in the leaf extract. The results obtained using TLC analyses were consistent with the results obtained in the chemical analysis. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of glycoflavones in the acetone root extract, alkaloids in the root and leaf extracts; and phytosterols and flavonoid aglycones in root and leaf extracts. The acetone root and leaf extracts revealed the presence of phenols. The leaf extract was shown to contain high total phenolic content as compared to the root. The methanol and acetone root and leaf extracts were shown to possess antioxidant activity. However, the concentration of the activity was higher in the acetone root than in the leaf extract. The least activity was observed with the ethyl acetate root and leaf extracts as compared to other extracts. The n-hexane extracts however, was not shown to contain any antioxidant compounds. Although activity observed with the methanol extracts was comparable to that of the acetone extracts in the quantitative assay, the acetone extracts were shown to possess more antioxidant activity in the qualitative assay. The concentration of extracts increased with increase in scavenging activity. The root extract exhibited a more potent antioxidant activity compared to leaf extract. These extracts were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on normal cells. The highest cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was obtained with the root extract with a CC50 value of 297 635 μg/ml at 48 hrs, followed by CC50 value of 21 544 μg/ml at 24 hrs. The CC50 value of the leaf extract at 24 hrs was 2 904 μg/ml with the least value at 48 hrs. The root extract at 24 and 48 hrs together with the leaf extract at 24 hrs were not toxic to C2C12 muscle cells at the concentration tested in this study. The acetone extracts were shown to possibly enhance proliferation of C2C12 muscle cells at a concentration of 0.001–1000 μg/ml. The non-cytotoxic concentration of 25 μg/ml of the leaf extract in combination with insulin showed more glucose uptake as compared to other extracts as well as the control. Prolonged incubation time was shown to increase glucose uptake with leaf extract while increase in concentration of root extract decreased glucose uptake at 24 hrs. At incubation time of 3 and 24 hrs, glucose uptake results at concentration of 2.5 μg/ml were comparable with that of the root extract, with a similar trend observed at 25 μg/ml, although with decrease in uptake. The qualitative and quantitative fluorescence results showed GLUT4 to be translocated to the cell membrane. The leaf extract at a concentration of 25 μg/ml had more fold as compared to other extracts, indicative that more GLUT4 was translocated at this concentration of the leaf extract. The acetone root and leaf extracts were shown to increase protein expression of GLUT4 at 3 hrs incubation time as compared to other incubation times in insulin-stimulated C2C12 muscle cells. The plant constituents of S. italica was shown to contain a variety of secondary metabolites that maybe be acting alone or in concert with each other to exert the various activities observed in this study. Different solvents used for extraction may be responsible for the extraction of different constituents with antioxidant activity observed in the study. The acetone extracts enhanced proliferation of C2C12 muscle cells at concentrations used in the study. However, there was no significant reduction on viability of normal cells. In addition, the extracts were shown to enhance the differentiation of NIH-3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes and C2C12 muscle cells into myocytes. These in turn induced the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane and as a consequence facilitate glucose transport. Hence, the differentiation of adipose cells as well as glucose uptake of muscle cells and GLUT4 expression might have been enhanced by constituents contained in the acetone extracts. In conclusion, the acetone leaf extract may have a beneficial role in glucose metabolism of differentiated C2C12 muscle cells. Therefore, further studies are however required to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which the acetone leaf extract of S. italica influences the translocation of GLUT4.
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Fändriks, Ingrid. "Alternative Methods for Evaluation of Oxygen Transfer Performance in Clean Water." Thesis, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, Department of Information Technology, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-153208.
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Aeration of wastewater is performed in many wastewater treatment plants to supply oxygen to microorganisms. To evaluate the performance of a single aerator or an aeration system, there is a standard method for oxygen transfer measurements in clean water used today. The method includes a model that describes the aeration process and the model parameters could be estimated using nonlinear regression. The model is a simplified description of the oxygen transfer which could possibly result in performance results that are not accurate. That is why many have tried to describe the aeration at other ways and with other parameters. The focus of this Master Thesis has been to develop alternative models which better describe the aeration that could result in more accurate performance results. Data for model evaluations have been measured in two different tanks with various numbers of aerators. Five alternative methods containing new models for oxygen transfer evaluation have been studied in this thesis. The model in method nr 1 assumes that the oxygen transfer is different depending on where in a tank the dissolved oxygen concentration is measured. It is assumed to be faster in a water volume containing air bubbles. The size of the water volumes and the mixing between them can be described as model parameters and also estimated. The model was evaluated with measured data from the two different aeration systems where the water mixing was relatively big which resulted in that the model assumed that the whole water volume contained air bubbles. After evaluating the results, the model was considered to maybe be useful for aeration systems where the mixing of the water volumes was relatively small in comparison to the total water volume. However, the method should be further studied to evaluate its usability. Method nr 2 contained a model with two separate model parameter, one for the oxygen transfer for the air bubbles and one for the oxygen transfer at the water surface. The model appeared to be sensitive for which initial guesses that was used for the estimated parameters and it was assumed to reduce the model’s usability. Model nr 3 considered that the dissolved oxygen equilibrium concentration in water is depth dependent and was assumed to increase with increasing water depth. Also this model assumed that the oxygen was transferred from both the air bubbles and at the water surface. The model was considered to be useful but further investigations about whether the saturation concentrations should be constant or vary with water depth should be performed. The other two methods contained models that were combinations of the previous mentioned model approaches but was considered to not be useful.
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Al, Mutairi Fouad. "Alternative methods of treating atelectasis in post-operative patients." Thesis, University of Chester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/311066.
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Cardiac surgery incisional pain can decrease inspiratory effort, alter normal respiratory mechanics, and increase the potential for post-operative pulmonary complications. Post-surgical atelectasis is the most frequent complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), ranging from 54% to 92%. All types of therapy such as an incentive spirometry (IS), deep breathing exercises (DBE) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) have a valuable role to play in the prevention or the treatment of post-surgical atelectasis. However, the type of therapy that should be used is not completely clear yet. The present research aims to evaluate the benefit of early use of CPAP via mask therapy to treat or prevent post-surgical atelectasis after CABG, particularly in smokers and elderly patients, as compared to regular (IS) therapy. Also, it aims to evaluate the patients' and medical staff's experience about the use of the new method of CPAP via mask therapy. The present research was conducted at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia between March 2010 and December 2011. It used a mixed methods approach. The first two studies were intervention quantitative studies, which investigated the benefit of CPAP via mask therapy. The others were qualitative studies that evaluated the experience of patients and medical staff regarding CPAP therapy use.A total of 180 patients (male and female) (36 in each group) participated in the two quantitative studies. Ninety two participants (male and female) participated in the qualitative studies. The first quantitative study results showed an improvement in CPAP via mask therapy for half hours every two hours group measurements as compared to IS therapy groups. IC was increased significantly in the "CPAP every two hours group" as compared to control group (IS) (baseline mean for IS group 1.34L and "CPAP every two hours group" 1.42L, post- therapy mean 1.59L and 1.88L respectively, p= 0.037). In addition, when chest physiotherapy was added to the two regimens, the improvement of CPAP therapy measurements became more than IS therapy. Moreover, the patient’s acceptance rate for CPAP therapy every two hours was 93% and the medical staff acceptance rate was 86%. CPAP via mask therapy for half hour every two hours had better outcomes in treating or preventing post-surgical atelectasis after CABG, particularly in smokers and elderly patients. Adding chest physiotherapy led to even better outcomes. The use of the new method of CPAP therapy had high acceptance rate by the participants and medical staff.
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Yeung, Wai-chow David, and 楊煒秋. "A pilot study of holistic energy healing for frozen shoulder." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45169548.
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Wolfe, Carolyn. "Resident and Counselor Relationships in a Court Affiliated Residential Treatment Setting." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33079.
Full textAbstract:
While there is extensive research on attachment and the role attachment relationships play in human development, little to no research has applied the concept of alternative attachment figures to the role counselors play in a residential setting with adolescents. Furthermore, little research has explored the impact a counselor's own attachment style may have on his or her ability to foster secure attachment behaviors in clients. In order to explore each of these topics, the current study examined the relationship between female residents of a treatment facility and their counselors. Eight residents and three counselors were selected to participate in the study based on how long the residents had been in treatment. Each completed measure of attachment security as well as in depth qualitative interviews. Profiles were created for each of the counselor/resident dyads and relationship dynamics were compared to previous research in order to explore the therapeutic relationship in light of attachment. Therapeutic implications and areas of future research are also discussed.Master of Science
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Costello, Brenna D. "Integrated treatment facility an alternative care setting for adult patients with mental illness /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181669363/.
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McNatty, Grace Ellexandra Dunnachie. "Acceptance Toward the use of Micronutrients as an Alternative Treatment for Mood Disorders." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7230.
Full textAbstract:
The World Health Organisation predicts that by 2020 depression will be the second highest cause of death and disability in the world (World Health Organisation, 2010). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been found to be the most suitable antidepressant for first-line treatment of a mood disorder (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2004), but less than half of all individuals achieve complete remission after therapy with a single antidepressant. Others display partial or intolerant responses to treatment (Nemeroff & Owens, 2002). This emphasises a need to develop alternative
treatment options. There is evidence that micronutrients have fewer side effects than antidepressants (Dalmiya, Darnton-Hill, Schyltink & Shrimpton, 2009). Kaplan, Crawford, Field and Simpson (2007) suggest that errors in metabolism may result in unstable mood, leading to possible mood disorders. Mutation of metabolism is correctable by giving the malnourished individual additional vitamins thereby correcting metabolism and creating a
more stable mood. An online survey completed by 661 participants (141 males, 520 females) assessed acceptance levels towards the use of micronutrients as an alternative treatment for mood disorders. As predicted, healthcare and medical professionals scored lower in acceptance (t(659)=3.12, p=0.002) and people who lead healthy lifestyles scored higher in
acceptance (r=0.105, n=658, p <0.05). There were no significant effects of gender (t(659) =1.74, p=0.082), experience with mood disorders (F(3, 657)=0.86, p=0.46) or low household incomes (r=-0.066, n=661, p<0.05). Treatment users and providers alike seek more knowledge about the effectiveness of micronutrients and acceptance of micronutrients is largely granted on the basis of a combination treatment with conventional methods. The study is limited by an overrepresentation of females in the sample.
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Avila, Nancy L., and Kurt B. Knobloch. "Outpatient treatment of alcoholics in the Navy: a feasible and cost effective alternative." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27196.
Full textAbstract:
The Navy provides inpatient treatment for diagnosed alcoholics. Replacing some of the inpatient treatment with outpatient treatment is feasible, especially when treatment matching occurs. The major objective for using outpatient treatment is to capture considerable savings while maintaining treatment effectiveness. The results indicate that the Navy should be able to implement an outpatient treatment model for early stage alcoholics and maintain a success rate comparable to the inpatient treatment model. This would reflect a savings in program costs and replacement costs