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Brown, Amy S. "Rehabilitation in Prison: An Examination of Prison Animal Programs." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1452118256.
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Brocato, Jolae. "Predictors of client retention in alternative to prison substance abuse programs." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1887.
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Increased treatment retention among substance abusing individuals has been associated with reduced drug use, fewer arrests, and decreased unemployment, as well as a reduction in health risk behaviors. This longitudinal study examined the predictors of client retention for alternative to prison substance abuse treatment programs through assessing the roles of motivational factors and the client-worker relationship. The sample was comprised of 141 male felony offenders who were legally mandated to community based long-term residential drug treatment programs.
The primary measures used in the study were the consecutive days a participant remained in treatment, Stages of Change Readiness Model and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), and The Readiness Ruler. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted for four hypotheses (a) participants who are more motivated to change at the time of entry will remain in treatment longer, (b) participants who have a strong therapeutic alliance will remain in treatment a greater number of consecutive days than participants who have weaker therapeutic alliance, (c) motivation to change, as measured at treatment entry, will be positively related to therapeutic alliance, (d) during the course of treatment variation in motivation to change will be predicted by the therapeutic alliance.
Results support the following conclusions: Among clients in alternative-to prison programs the number of days in treatment is positively related to their motivation to change. The therapeutic alliance is not a predictor of the number of days in treatment. Motivation to change, particularly recognition of a drug problem, is positively related to the therapeutic alliance. Changes in motivation to change in response to treatment are positively related to the therapeutic alliance among clients in an alternative to prison substance abuse treatment programs. These results carry forward prior research and have implications for social work practice, research, and social welfare policy.
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Phelps, Chasidy. "Student Perspectives of Alternative Schools as Facilitators and Barriers for Positive Disciplinary Outcomes." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5930.
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Inconsistent findings within the existing literature tend to confuse the ability of behavior-focused alternative schools to address behavior problems of at-risk juveniles. Recent studies have suggested that juveniles who successfully commit to greater self-regulation skills display both academic success and positive classroom behavior. Although self-regulation skills have been positively associated with behavioral success among juveniles placed in behavior-focused alternative schools, it remains unclear as to what aspects of these programs that juveniles experience as facilitating the development of such skills. This phenomenological study used semistructured interviews of 5 students in Grades 10 through 12 enrolled in a behavior-focused alternative school to improve the understanding of how juveniles experience and perceive alternative school programs as facilitating the development of self-regulation skills in promotion of positive behavior outcomes. Structural functionalist theory provided an appropriate lens through which data of juvenile experiences and perceptions of the functions of an alternative school program could be interpreted. Data analysis consisted of a process of open coding, categorizing, and interpreting data for meaning. The findings of the current study revealed that when aspects of alternative schools function to develop reasoning skills and a willingness to adhere to school standards, such functions may be beneficial in juvenile commitment to behavioral self-regulation. The data provided by this study may be valuable for stakeholders and policymakers in assessing the influence of behavior-focused alternative schools.
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Rhodes, Randall Gene. "The Effect of the Missouri Safe School Act of 1997 on Alternative Education Students: A Qualitative Analysis." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/761.
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Because of a perceived increase in school related violence, a political reaction occurred in Missouri that led in 1997 to the Missouri Safe Schools Act. This new law significantly changed school disciplinary policy and allowed administrators to move large groups of students to alternative education programs, or expel them to the streets. The purpose of this qualitative study was to learn from students who attended at least one year in an alternative education program about their experiences. I interviewed 26 former students and another 14 former students entered into the conversation by posting their thoughts on a Facebook site for alumni of a specific alternative program. The 40 former students shared common stories that indicated their confusion, a misuse of power by the school district, and a lack of due process surrounding the events that led to their suspensions. At the same time, they shared many stories of relationships, kindnesses, and empathy that they experienced from the alternative school teachers and administrators. Results point to the need for families to educate themselves (and sometimes resist) arbitrary decisions made by school personnel, and the importance of teacher and administrator selection for alternative school programs.
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Wiboonsamai, Sakwut. "La justice restaurative : étude comparée du droit thaïlandais et du droit français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32047.
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L’émergence de la justice restaurative est le résultat d’une certaine inefficacité de la justice pénale classique. Le concept de la justice restaurative propose de répondre d’une façon novatrice à la criminalité et aux conflits. La justice restaurative se révèle être aujourd’hui une voie prometteuse de consolidation de l’harmonie sociale. Elle cherche à soutenir toutes les personnes impliquées (les victimes, les délinquants et les membres de la communauté), à leur donner des possibilités de participer et de communiquer et ainsi à favoriser une démarche de réparation afin de rétablir les liens sociaux brisés suite à l’infraction. Ces travaux de thèse ont pour objectif de connaître et comprendre la justice restaurative, les modalités et les mesures rencontrées notamment en France et en Thaïlande. À cet effet, nous avons posé deux questions centrales, à savoir : Quel est le cadre général et juridique de la justice restaurative ? ainsi que : Quelles sont les mesures existantes déclinées pour la mise en œuvre de la justice restaurative ? Grâce aux réponses apportées à ces questions, nous pourrons mieux connaître et comprendre la justice restaurative en France et en ThaïlandeThe emergence of restorative justice is the result of inefficiency of the classic criminal justice process. The concept of restorative justice offers innovative approach to crime and conflict. It appears to be a promising way to consolidate social harmony by supporting all the people involved (victims, offenders and community members). Restorative justice gives them opportunities to participate and communicate; and encourages a process of repair in order to mend the broken society bonds caused by offense. The aim of this thesis is to know about and understand terms and measures encountered during restorative justice programme in Thailand and in France. To do this, we need to answer two questions: what are the general and legal frameworks of restorative justice? and what are the existing measures implemented on the restorative justice? The answers of these questions should give us a better understanding of the restorative justice of both countries
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Caldwell, Jimmy R. Jr. "“I Use to Pray and Ask God to Give Me Another Chance”: A Phenomenological Analysis of Black Males’ Journey Attending an Alternative School." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7003.
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Research suggests that there still exists a disproportionate number of Black males who have contact with juvenile justice systems across this nation (Nance, 2016). The disproportionate placement of students of color, specifically, Black American males in alternative schools, serves as the gateway to the school-to-prison-pipeline (Pelzer, 2012). This study examined the lived educational experiences of two Black American juvenile males, who enrolled in an alternative school in the Southeast. This study incorporated phenomenological and narrative methods and provides rich, descriptive analyses of the participants’ experiences while attending an alternative school. Findings from this study revealed instability among the participants’ home life and education, encounters with law enforcement and an early age, varying experiences attending an alternative school, and feelings of uncertain hope displayed by the participants regarding their future lives.
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Junior, Alceu Corrêa. "Monitoramento eletrônico de penas e alternativas penais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-20062013-132709/.
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A busca por alternativas à prisão é antiga, e a vigilância eletrônica surgiu como uma solução tecnológica. O contexto cultural dos Estados Unidos no fim do século XX propiciou o surgimento do monitoramento eletrônico, influenciado também pelo utilitarismo e pela cultura do controle do delito. O monitoramento deve respeitar os princípios do Estado Democrático de Direito (dignidade humana) e estar vinculado aos fins preventivos da pena (prevenção especial positiva). Por si só não reduz a população carcerária e não diminui a reincidência, mas as vantagens econômicas e os bons resultados obtidos por outros países não podem ser desprezados. Assim, a experiência estrangeira revela bons resultados no uso da vigilância junto a programas de acompanhamento social. No Brasil, o monitoramento eletrônico foi introduzido por lei na execução penal e como medida cautelar. Interessante seria que fosse estabelecido como modo de execução da prisão (alternativa aos estabelecimentos penitenciários). Poderia ser previsto ainda para a execução das penas restritivas de direitos que demandam fiscalização, consolidando um sistema alternativo de penas capaz de promover a prevenção e substituir o cárcere para delitos menores. O monitoramento eletrônico restringe direitos fundamentais e, assim, deve ser previsto em lei, limitado à restrição imposta, aplicado se necessário e com a menor visibilidade possível.The search for alternatives to prison is old, and electronic surveillance has emerged as a technological solution. The cultural context of the United States at the end of the twentieth century has propitiated the emergence of electronic monitoring, also influenced by utilitarism and by the culture of offense control. Monitoring should respect the principles of Democratic Rule of Law (human dignity) and to be linked to the preventive purposes of sentence (positive special prevention). By itself it does not decrease the prison population and it does not reduce recidivism, but the economic gains and the good results obtained by other countries can not be ignored. Thus, foreign experience shows good results in the use of surveillance along with programs of social support. In Brazil, the electronic monitoring was introduced by law in criminal enforcement and as a precautionary measure. It would be interesting if it could be established as a way of prison enforcement (alternative to prisons). It could be also expected to enforce restrictive penalties of rights that require monitoring, consolidating an alternative system of penalties that can promote prevention and replace the prison for minor offenses. The electronic monitoring restricts fundamental rights and thus it should be provided by law, limited to the restriction, applied when it is necessary with the least visibility.
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Lemos, Clécio José Morandi de Assis. "Política criminal no Brasil neoliberal." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3848.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEsta dissertação parte da compreensão dos sistemas punitivos em meio às estruturas sociais, demonstrando que o uso da coerção pública é um dos pilares fundamentais dos Estados modernos. Sustenta a necessidade de se desvendar os discursos ideológicos que legitimam o poder de criminalização, a fim de politizar o contexto das punições e alcançar a sua função latente. Concentra-se nas características específicas do Estado brasileiro instalado a partir da década de 1990, seguindo a trilha do Leviatã dos EUA neoliberal instaurado desde a década de 1980. Constata a correlação entre os sistemas punitivos brasileiro e norte-americano, com seus extensos campos de controle e semelhantes pensamentos criminológicos. Por fim, encontra a real funcionalidade das penas no Neoliberalismo, conformando um método de promover e manter as políticas econômicas e sociais típicas de sua conjuntura, manejando a insegurança social decorrente do desemprego estrutural, precarização do trabalho, aprofundamento da miséria e desigualdade.
This dissertation starts form the comprehension of the punitive systems amid social structures, demonstrating that the use of public coercion is one of the fundamental pillars of the modern States. Holds the necessity of unveiling the ideological speeches that legitimize the power of criminalization, toward politicize the punishment context and reach its latent function. Concentrates in the specific characteristics of the brazilian State installed from the decade of 1990, following the trail of the USA neoliberal Leviathan established since de decade of 1980. Notes the correlation between the brazilian and north-american punitive systems, with their extensive fields of control and similar criminological thoughts. In the end, find the real functionality of the criminal penalty in the Neoliberalism, conforming a method to promote and keep the economic and social policy typical of the conjuncture, managing the social insecurity due to the structural unemployment, precarious work, deepening of misery and inequality.
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Marcellin, Amélie. "Essai d'une théorie générale de la substitution en matière pénale." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3043/document.
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Du supin latin « substituere », la substitution désigne le fait de « mettre une personne ou une chose à la place d’une autre pour lui faire jouer le même rôle ». Utilisé dans de nombreux domaines, juridiques ou non, le mécanisme est actuellement intéressant en matière de lutte contre la surpopulation carcérale et la lenteur de la procédure pénale. Aussi, concernant le prononcé des peines, la substitution substantielle parfaite permet au juge pénal de remplacer la peine d’emprisonnement encourue par une peine non privative de liberté. Celle imparfaite octroie au juge le droit de prononcer un aménagement de peine, un sursis avec mise à l’épreuve ou un sursis avec obligation d’accomplir un travail d’intérêt général. Quant au procès pénal, la substitution procédurale parfaite conduit à l’évitement de ce procès par la mise en œuvre d’alternatives aux poursuites. Celle imparfaite consiste enfin à modifier certaines règles relatives au procès pénal afin d’accélérer la procédure et de renforcer son efficacité. Malgré ses avantages, la substitution, en matière pénale, n’est pas suffisamment connue ni maîtrisée par les professionnels et théoriciens. Ceux-ci dénoncent le manque de clarté et de précisions dans les règles relatives au mécanisme. Les ambiguïtés existantes nuisent à sa pertinence. Il est donc intéressant de s’interroger sur la possibilité de définir la substitution et d’en établir une théorie généraleFrom the Latin supine « substituere », substitution means to « replace someone (or something) by another one (or thing) to make him (or it) play the same role ». Used in several fields, legal or not, the mechanism is currently interesting regarding fight against prison overpopulation and slowness in criminal procedure. By the way, concerning the punishments, the « perfect » substantial substitution allows the penal judge to replace the prison term by a noncustodial sentence. With the « imperfect » substitution, the judge can give the delinquent a sentencing reduction, a suspended sentence with probation or a suspended sentence with community services. As for the penal trial, the « perfect » procedural substitution allows to avoid it. Alternative to judicial proceedings accelerate the procedure. The « imperfect » substitution allows to modify some rules related to the penal trial in order to strengthen its efficiency. In spite of its advantages, the substitution is not known and mastered enough by the professionals and the theorists. They denounce the lack of clarity and precision in rules relating to substitution. The current ambiguities damage its suitability. It is thus interesting to wonder about defining and establishing a general theory of substitution in penal case
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Baldridge, Amy Jean. "When Their Stories Aren't Your Stories - Males from Poverty in Alternative Schools." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1574389252362262.
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Nkhoeli, Zengiwe Maria Dilahloane. "Atteridgeville prisoners' experiences of HIV/AIDS pre- and posttest counselling." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12082005-144431.
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Grace, Jennifer. "Rerouting the School to Prison Pipeline: A Phenomenological Study of the Educational Experiences of African American Males Who Have Been Expelled from Public Schools." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2151.
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The present study consisted of a phenomenological investigation of African American males who have been expelled from traditional educational settings in New Orleans, LA in order to provide educators with information geared towards increasing academic achievement in African American males. It has been noted that one of the reasons that Black males graduation rates are so low is because in addition to other factors that lead to non-completion, black males are more likely to be expelled from school. In this study, I used a Critical Race theoretical framework to explore gain experiential knowledge of these excluded young men, what they perceive as barriers to their success, and their sentiments on the relationships they have had with educators and peers whom they have encountered. Based on the participants’ responses, seven categories emerged from the data including: (a) Race and Racism, (b) Self Perceptions, (c) Family Expectations and Support, (d) Male Role Models and Mentors, (e) The School Environment, (f) School Discipline, and (g) Alternative School. Study participants described the totality of their education experiences by opening up about what they felt were key factors at play. The stories of the participants provided a deeper context of the nuances of racism and how it impacts their day to day educational experiences overall The results of this study provides data that may enable educators to begin steps to dismantle the school to prison pipeline by ensuring at-risk students are supported and successful in school without having to be removed. This information serves as a catalyst for future inquiry into additional nuances that effect the academic achievement of African American male students in K-12 schools.
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Jeanpierre, Virginie. "Punir hors les murs : Sanctionner autrement l'auteur d'un délit passible de cinq ans d'emprisonnement." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3050/document.
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La sanction des infractions délictuelles constitue le nœud gordien d’une politique pénale contemporaine largement désapprouvée. Privilégiée, la peine privative de liberté manifeste de multiples défaillances portant atteinte à sa crédibilité. Les peines d’emprisonnement inférieures ou égales à cinq ans exécutées principalement en maison d’arrêt sont les plus problématiques car nombreuses. Elles sont le plus souvent inadaptées à la délinquance contemporaine. Si des alternatives, déjà anciennes et d’autres plus récentes, existent, elles ne sont que peu prononcées alors même que leur utilité sociale en matière de réinsertion et de lutte contre la récidive ne paraît plus à prouver. La punition hors les murs de l’infraction délictuelle est une thématique politique et législative récurrente. Cependant, elle ne parvient pas à s’ancrer véritablement dans le paysage judiciaire français ; son enracinement étant notamment freiné par le défaut d’adhésion des magistrats en partie conditionné par des mécanismes procéduraux pourvoyeurs de peine privative de liberté. L’heure du changement de paradigme a pourtant sonné dès lors que la peine d’emprisonnement ne permet pas d’agir sur les causes de l’acte infractionnel et du passage à l’acte. Il est également temps de soulager une situation carcérale exsangue ne permettant plus à l’Administration pénitentiaire d’assurer convenablement ses missions de garde et de réinsertion. Albert Camus écrivait qu’une société se juge à l’état de ses prisons, la société française ne peut persister à épandre une telle incarnation de sa politique pénale. Aussi, au travers de mécanismes procéduraux perfectionnés, de l’influence d’exemples positifs du droit comparé, grâce au faire-valoir des ressources intrinsèques des services pénitentiaires d’insertion et de probation, à la rédaction nouvelle d’articles fondamentaux du Code pénal et au déploiement de moyens adéquats, la punition hors les murs des délits passibles de cinq ans d’emprisonnement devient accessible et tangibleThe penalty of the criminal breaches constitutes the Gordian knot of a widely disapproved contemporary penal policy. Privileged, the custodial sentence shows multiple failures striking a blow at its credibility. The lower prison sentences or five-year-old equals executed mainly in detention center are the most problematic because numerous. They are badly adapted for the contemporary crime. If alternatives, already older and others more recent, exist, they are only little pronounced even though their social utility regarding rehabilitation and regarding fight against the repeat offense does not any more appear to prove. The punishment outside the walls of the criminal breach is a recurring political and legislative theme. Nevertheless, it does not succeed in anchoring really in the French judicial landscape; its implanting being slowed down in particular by the defect of membership of the magistrates partially conditioned by procedural mechanisms suppliers of custodial sentence. The hour of the change of paradigm nevertheless rang since the prison sentence does not allow to act on the causes of the unlawful act and the acting out. It’s also necessary time to relieve a pale prison situation not allowing anymore the Prison Service to assure suitably its missions of guard and rehabilitation. Albert Camus wrote that a society judges itself in the state of its prisons, the French society cannot persist in spreading such an embodiment of its penal policy. So, through sophisticated procedural mechanisms, the influence of positive examples of the comparative law, thanks to the use of the intrinsic resources of the prison departments of insertion and probation, to the new writing of fundamental articles of the Penal code and to the deployment of adequate means, the punishment outside the walls of the offences punished for five years of detention becomes accessible and tangible
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Costa, Gisela França da. "Função e sentido do trabalho prisional no marco da ressocialização." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8353.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA tese analisa a relação entre trabalho prisional e ressocialização. Demonstra- que, embora o discurso jurídico-penal afirme que uma das finalidades da pena privativa de liberdade é reinserir o condenado na sociedade, após o cumprimento de sua pena, esse desiderato não é efetivamente alcançado e o discurso resta deslegitimado, sendo que o trabalho prisional não mostra-se capaz de inverter essa lógica. Sustenta-se, ainda, na tese, que, a prisão, estigmatiza, prisoniza, degrada, produz e reproduz a criminalidade, destinando-se a um segmento determinado dentro da sociedade, representado pelos miseráveis, ou consumidores, falhos, que não habilitando-os ao trabalho quando egressos do sistema prisional. O nascimento da prisão, o modo como estruturou-se associada ao trabalho, a apropriação que o Direito fez dessa instituição, e a sua prevalência, enquanto punição na atualidade, premissas necessárias, a compreensão deste complexo fenômeno.
The analysis identified the relationship between arrest, prison labor and re-socialisation. Consist in the main question developed into this work. For the purposes of its argument, although the legal-criminal speech affirms that one of the aim in punishment without freedom is reinsert the convict into society, after fulfiled the terms of your penalty, this desideratum is effectively not reached and the speech not remains legitimate, being that prison labor does not show itself capable of reversing this logic. During the narrative, the arrest destining itself to definitive segment of the society, represented for the villains, or consumers defective, is unable to re-socialize, creates a stigma, excludes from society, debases social coexistence, in addition to producing and reproducing crime, who are not qualified to work when they leave the prison system. These thesis evaluate the birth of the arrest, the way as it was structuralized, the Laws appropriation of this institution and its prevalence, just similar to punishment in the present time.
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Watkins, Caitlin M. "Cultivating Resistance: Food Justice in the Criminal Justice System." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/32.
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This Senior Thesis in Environmental Analysis seeks to explore the ways in which certain food-oriented programs for incarcerated women and women on parole critically resist the Prison Industrial Complex and the Industrial Food System by securing social and ecological equity through the acquisition of food justice. It focuses on three case studies: the Crossroads’ Meatless Mondays program, Fallen Fruit from Rising Women: A Crossroads Social Enterprise, and Cultivating Dreams Prison Garden Project: An Organic Garden for Women in Prison. Each project utilizes food as a tool to build community, provide valuable skill sets of cooking and gardening, and educate women about the social, environmental and political implications of the Industrial Food System. Overall, the goal of this thesis is to prove the necessity of food justice programs in the criminal justice system in counteracting the disenfranchisement of certain populations that are continuously discriminated against in the industrialized systems of prison and food.
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Adalberto, Carim Antonio Adalberto. "Les peines alternatives dans le monde." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/bc50a17f-bf96-49a2-8a5a-1e782b86bb92/blobholder:0/2011LIMO1010.pdf.
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La présente thèse a comme champs d'application de donner une vision comparée sur les peines alternatives dans la réalité de divers pays dans le monde. Elle questionne sur sa réelle éfficacité, sa compatabilite avec les droits de l'homme et son potentiel de perfectionnement Confrontées à la peine de prison traditionnelle qui présente clairement son épuisement, les peines alternatives permettent une meilleure utilisation des fonds publics et une réelle réinsertion des délinquants dans la sociétéThe present thesis has the field of application to give a compared vision on the alternative sanctions in the legal reality of various countries in the world. It questions on its real efficiency, its compatibility with the human rights and its potential of perfection, when confronted to the traditional prison sentence that clearly presents its weariness, as well as for a better use of public funds and real resocialization of the deminquents in the society
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Martins, Fernanda Rocha. "As funções da pena e o sistema penitenciário brasileiro: em busca de novas alternativas." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1106.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-03It treats the present work about the Brazilian prison system and hence the establishments intended to serve the sentence of imprisonment, a more serious sanction that can be imposed, in the Brazilian legal system, who performs a behavior not tolerated by the rest of the community. Well, the study of prisons and their (correct) functioning necessarily lead to the study of law to punish the state and own imprisonment. Now what legitimizes the state to segregate one of its members and interfere with their way of life, imposing the restriction of certain legal rights? What do you want the state to impose a prison sentence, in other words, to segregate an individual for a certain period of time, conscious of his return to the bosom of society? Well, this thesis is dedicated, in its first two chapters, answer these questions and establish what function pen in a democratic state. From there, it becomes possible to analyze the Brazilian prison system: if the prisons are intended to serve the sentence in prison, they must necessarily be structured to achieve the function of this same penalty. The Chapters 3 and 4 are intended, in this sense, to demonstrate the current reality of the prison system, if it lends itself to the fulfillment of the function that it is intrinsic and, if not, it is possible to design public policies aimed at achieve this very purpose.
Trata o presente trabalho acerca do sistema prisional brasileiro e, portanto, dos estabelecimentos destinados ao cumprimento da pena privativa de liberdade, sanção mais grave que pode ser imposta, no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a quem realiza uma conduta considerada intolerável pelo resto da comunidade. Pois bem, o estudo dos estabelecimentos penais e de seu (correto) funcionamento conduz necessariamente ao estudo do Direito de punir do Estado e da própria pena de prisão. Ora, o que legitima o Estado a segregar um de seus membros e interferir em seu modo de vida, impondo a restrição de certos bens jurídicos? O que pretende o Estado ao impor uma pena de prisão, ou seja, ao segregar um individuo por determinado período de tempo, consciente de seu retorno ao seio social? Bom, a presente dissertação se dedica, em seus dois primeiros capítulos, a responder essas questões e estabelecer qual a função da pena em um Estado Democrático de Direito. A partir daí, possível se torna a análise do sistema prisional brasileiro: se os estabelecimentos penais são destinados ao cumprimento da pena de prisão, eles devem necessariamente estar estruturados de forma a alcançar a função desta mesma pena. Os capítulos 3 e 4 se destinam, neste sentido, a demonstrar a atual realidade do sistema prisional brasileiro, se ele se presta ao cumprimento da função que lhe é intrínseca e, em caso negativo, se é possível a elaboração de políticas públicas que visem a alcançar essa finalidade essencial.
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Cervera, Salvador Sabina. "Los problemas de ejecución de las penas sustitutivas de la prisión." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462030.
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Partiendo de una visión crítica de la pena de prisión se aborda el estudio de las tres principales penas
alternativas a la misma en Derecho español, como penas principales, y como sustitutivas de la pena
privativa de libertad: multa, localización permanente y trabajos en beneficio de la comunidad. Se
efectúa un estudio práctico de las tres sanciones, concediendo especial atención a los problemas que
genera su ejecución a los tribunales y órganos de la Administración encargados de su aplicación. Del
mismo modo, se ha tratado de poner de manifiesto las soluciones a las que se llega, analizando la incidencia de las sucesivas reformas legales y reglamentarias, que no van acompañadas de un incremento de los medios materiales y personales que permitirían lograr una adecuada ejecución de dichas penas. Se dedica un capítulo independiente a cada una de las referidas sanciones, incorporando a cada uno de ellos una serie de conclusiones.From a critical view of the imprisonment, this thesis studies the three main alternative options in Spanish Law: fine, house detention and community services. The three sanctions are analyzed from a practical perspective, paying attention to the problematic issues of their execution, and proposing solutions.
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Pereira, Maria Liliana Ines Emparan Martins. "Projeto Prisma: uma alternativa de trabalho com crianças com queixa escolar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-24092009-090753/.
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O propósito deste trabalho é analisar um projeto de intervenção psicopedagógico com crianças com queixa escolar, denominado Projeto Prisma o desafio de um novo olhar. Nosso objetivo pautou-se no estudo das dificuldades de aprendizagem de um grupo de nove crianças de camadas populares. O material coletado foi objeto de análise qualitativa, aonde se buscou identificar as concepções sobre as causas das queixas escolares presentes nos instrumentais do projeto analisado: nas entrevistas, nas avaliações e na proposta de trabalho desenvolvida com as crianças e suas famílias. O suporte teórico-metodológico foi trazido pelas contribuições dos trabalhos de Heller (2000) e, Patto e colaboradores (1990). As análises do material mostraram a convivência entre diferentes concepções sobre as causas dos problemas escolares das crianças. De um lado, constatou-se que, os preconceitos contra as crianças pobres e suas famílias que atribuem as causas das queixas às supostas deficiências, não só estavam no discurso da escola, como eram reforçados pelo próprio modelo diagnóstico usado no Prisma. Por outro lado, as novas contribuições teórico-metodológicas trazidas por um novo referencial permitiram identificar na pesquisa alguns paradoxos: apesar do Prisma atribuir deficiências e dirigir seu trabalho buscando saná-las, o que na verdade produziu, foi situações de aprendizagem e ensino que permitiram às crianças usarem todo seu potencial e aprenderem. Além do mais, o Prisma, sem se dar conta, ensinou aquilo que a escola não havia ensinado, permitindo, por exemplo, que elas escrevessem e solucionassem problemas de matemática e revelando que não têm problemas de aprendizagem, mas de escolarização. A partir disto, tornou-se possível discutir e analisar especificamente a função do trabalho psicopedagógico desenvolvido, na tentativa de compreender e intervir nos problemas escolares.The aim of this paper is to analyze a psycho pedagogical intervention Project about children with school complaint named Prisma Project: the challenge of a new viewing. Our objective was supported by a study of the learning difficulties within a group of nine lower-class children. The research material was analyzed in a qualitative manner, aiming identify the concepts of school problems causes which were present in the instruments of the analyzed project: interviews, evaluations and a work proposal developed with the children and their families. Contribution of Patto and others (1990) and Hellers (2000) papers brought the theoretical-methodological support. The analysis showed the co-existence of different conceptions about the causes of childrens school problems. It was observed the repetition of the prejudiced views that point the origins of school complaints to the children and their families. On the other hand, the new theoretical-methodological contributions allowed identifying some paradoxes: though Prisma attributed some deficiencies and worked in order to resolve them, children could use their all potential to learn in the situations that have been proposed. Besides, Prisma, with no conscious, learnt what the school did not do and this allowed children, for example, to write and to solution mathematics problems. This situation has disclosed children do not have learning difficulties, but the school has teaching difficulties. As from this conclusion, it became possible to discuss and analyze specifically the function of the psycho pedagogical work that has been developed, in order to comprehend and interfere in school problems.
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Briens, François. "La Décroissance au prisme de la modélisation prospective : Exploration macroéconomique d'une alternative paradigmatique." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0052/document.
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Face aux enjeux socioéconomiques, démocratiques, et environnementaux, la croissance économique comme fin en soi, ou comme condition nécessaire au « développement », est de nouveau remise en cause. Depuis le début du XXIème siècle, suscitant un intérêt grandissant et de vifs échanges, la Décroissance se fraie une place dans le débat. Après avoir resitué son émergence dans la perspective historique de la controverse qui s'est développée, au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, autour de la croissance et du modèle de développement des pays industrialisés, nous suggérons une synthèse des principales idées et des propositions concrètes actuellement portées par ses partisans. Celles-ci soulèvent un certain nombre de questions complexes, pour lesquelles nous proposons d'apporter quelques éclairages à travers un exercice de modélisation prospective. Nous réalisons pour cela une série d'entretiens, qui visent à recueillir différentes visions détaillées et quantifiées de ce que pourraient être, selon les participants, des scénarios de Décroissance, ou - plus largement- des scénarios de transitions souhaitables et soutenables, notamment en termes d'évolution des institutions, des modes de vie et de consommation, pour la France. En parallèle de ces entretiens, nous développons un modèle spécifique de simulation dynamique de l'économie française, construit autour de l'analyse entrées-sorties, sur la base de données publiques, et incorporant un haut niveau de détail. A l'aide de cet outil macroéconomique, nous proposons alors d'explorer, sur un horizon à long terme (2060) les implications possibles de différents scénarios, dont ceux élaborés à partir des entretiens. Nous nous intéressons par exemple aux conséquences possibles en termes d'emploi, de finances publiques, de consommation d'énergie, d'émissions de polluants atmosphériques, et de production de déchets. Les résultats des simulations soulignent l'importance des choix institutionnels, des facteurs culturels, comportementaux, et « non-techniques », et le potentiel de certaines propositions des mouvements de la Décroissance. Ils invitent ainsi à ouvrir le débat autour de la construction collective d'un nouveau projet de société. Dans cette perspective, notre approche offre un support simple et efficace pour la compréhension commune et la délibération collectiveThe development paths followed by industrial societies in the last decades have led them in front of complex socioeconomic, democratic and environmental crises, which question the relevance of economic growth, either as a goal in itself, or as a way to achieve “development”. With the emergence of the degrowth movement at the beginning of the 21st century, the call for transitions towards sustainable “post-growth societies” is now consolidating into a multifaceted political project. For the “wealthiest” countries, where the ecological footprint per capita is greater than the global sustainable level, this project may be envisioned as a voluntary, socially sustainable, equitable and smooth downscaling of production and consumption, and thus throughput, to an environmentally sustainable level. Such a project raises numerous questions, for instance: what concrete proposals could initiate such a transition? What could such paths induce in terms of employment, public debt, energy consumption, waste, or greenhouse gas emission mitigation? What structural or institutional obstacles must be overcome and how? Etc. In this research, we offer to discuss such questions with the help of prospective modeling. Our approach involves a series of interviews, conducted, among others, with actors within the Degrowth movement. These are aimed at collecting detailed and quantified visions or narratives about what Degrowth scenarios or – more broadly speaking– scenarios of transition towards sustainable and desirable societies could look like, for France, in the mind of participants, especially in terms of institutions, lifestyles and consumption patterns. In parallel, we have designed and developed a specific dynamic simulation model of the French monetary economy, featuring a high level of detail and disaggregation, based on input-output analysis, and built using public data. Using this macroeconomic tool, we investigate, over the long term (2060), the possible outcomes of different scenarios, including those inferred from the interviews, in terms of employment, public debt, energy consumption, waste and atmospheric emissions. We discuss the potential strengths and weaknesses of the different visions they reflect. Our results highlight in particular the importance of cultural, social, behavioral and “non-technical” factors, stress the potential of various degrowth proposals, and recall the critical need for the collective elaboration of a societal project. In this perspective, our modeling approach provides a simple, yet powerful tool for common understanding and collective deliberation
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Almeida, Marcius Alexandros Antunes de. "Críticas e alternativas à prisão preventiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1732.
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Previous issue date: 2010The preventive detention represents an aspect of the penal process whose necessity has never come to justify itself in a totally convincing manner. Nevertheless, it has been used in a restrict way in some countries and abusive or excessive in others, advancing the effects of an eventual conviction and making the penal process become a mechanism which conjugates, in a simultaneous way, the checking of the offensive fact imposed, with the punishment of the supposed convict of the offense in prision. In spite of bringing great effectiveness to achieve the ends of the process, it is through the preventive custody that the most evident violations of personal freedom and other fundamental rights recognized in the most diverse legal plannings are commited. Therefore, some countries have been adopting less serious measures to care the penal process, as a way to avoid the use of the custody against defaulters that have not even had their penal responsibility stated, which occurs according to the Brazilian Constitution, only afterwards the conviction sentence transits in judgment. However, the preventive custody keeps being used in the most diverse plannings, even though it is an unnecessary and excessive measure, in some cases, or ineffective to its proposal, in others, including against innocents who are recognized by the so wanted, but late, absolutory penal sentence, for the fact that not only the blamed ones are exposed to the process and to the punishment, even being procedural. Brazil, uses excessively the preventive custody, a fact which is, in part, offered by the legal prevision of fundaments which represent open clauses that do not fit demonstration neither refutation, transits, even in a late manner, a project of partial reformulation of the penal process code as well as a project of a new penal process code, both bringing new alternatives care the penal process. However, the expectations of effective implantations of such measures, especially the ones which demand new expenses, do not seem to be enthusiastic, because, besides facing a certain resistance in the destination of final supply to reduce the pain of convicted and processed defaulters in Brazil, what is possible to extract from the current imprisonment conditions, also depends on a change in the national judicial culture, but as we can see in practice, it will not happen with a simple law alteration.
A prisão preventiva representa um aspecto do processo penal cuja necessidade nunca chegou a justificar-se de maneira plenamente convincente, uma vez que viola direitos e garantias da pessoa humana de forma prematura e sem um juízo seguro acerca de eventual responsabilidade penal. Não obstante, tem sido utilizada, de forma restrita em alguns países e abusiva ou excessiva em outros, antecipando os efeitos de eventual condenação e transformando o processo penal em um mecanismo que conjuga, de forma simultânea, a averiguação do fato delituoso imputado com a punição do suposto autor do delito no cárcere. Apesar da prisão preventiva trazer maior efetividade ao cumprimento dos fins do processo, também é através dela que se cometem as mais evidentes violações da liberdade pessoal e de outros direitos fundamentais reconhecidos nos mais diversos ordenamentos jurídicos. Em razão disso, alguns países já vem adotando medidas menos gravosas para tutelar o processo penal, como forma de evitar a utilização da prisão em face de cidadãos que sequer tiveram afirmada a responsabilidade penal, que ocorre, nos termos da Constituição Brasileira, somente após o trânsito em julgado da sentença penal condenatória. Sem embargo disso, a prisão preventiva segue sendo utilizada nas mais diversas legislações, mesmo sendo uma medida desnecessária e excessiva, em alguns casos, ou ineficaz para o fim visado, em outros, inclusive, em face de inocentes reconhecidos pela tão almejada, mas tardia, sentença penal absolutória, uma vez que não somente os culpados são submetidos ao processo e à pena, ainda que processual. No Brasil, que é pródigo na utilização da prisão preventiva, fato proporcionado, em parte, pela presença de fundamentos que representam cláusulas abertas que não comportam demonstração e refutação, tramitam, ainda que de forma tardia, projetos de reforma parcial e geral do Código de Processo Penal, trazendo novas alternativas para tutela do processo. Não obstante, as expectativas de efetiva implantação dessas novas medidas não se mostram animadoras, pois, além de contarmos com uma certa resistência na destinação de recursos financeiros para diminuir a aflição dos processados, o que se depreende das condições carcerárias brasileiras, depende, também, de uma mudança na cultura judiciária nacional, que, como demonstra a experiência, não ocorre com a mera alteração da lei.
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Al-Mortadi, Noor Abdullah Abdullah. "The need for and effects upon dental impression and laboratory die materials of an alternative prion disinfection regime." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505628.
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Herne, Kaisa. "Decoy alternatives in individual choice and politics /." Turku : Turun yliopisto, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392237272.
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Azevedo, e. Souza Bernardo de. "O monitoramento eletrônico como medida alternativa à prisão preventiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1782.
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Previous issue date: 2013El presente trabajo, vinculado a la línea de investigación Criminología y Control Social, del programa de Pos-Graduación en Ciencias Criminales de la Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul y al proyecto Descarcerización y Sistema Penal – La Construcción de Políticas Públicas de Racionalización del Poder Punitivo, financiado por la CAPES-CNJ Académico, aborda el monitoreo electrónico como medida alternativa al arresto preventivo, enfoque que se justifica en virtud de las alteraciones en el Código de Proceso Penal por la Ley 12. 403, de 4 de mayo de 2011. Para tanto, se parte de la (innegable) crisis por la cual atraviesa el sistema prisional brasileño y de los efectos decurrentes del cárcel, bajo un bies interdisciplinar. Comprendida la necesidad de alternativas a el encarcelamiento, sea provisorio o definitivo, se pasa al estudio del monitoreo electrónico propiamente dicho. A continuación, se delinea un panorama del proceso de implementación del monitoreo electrónico en Brasil, siendo entonces presentadas las principales dificultades enfrentadas por los Estados y las hipótesis de aplicación de medida. La disertación se cierra con el análisis de los discursos usados por los magistrados brasileños al (des)legitimar el monitoreo electrónico como medida alternativa al arresto preventivo. spa
O presente trabalho, vinculado à linha de pesquisa Criminologia e Controle Social, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Criminais da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul e ao projeto Descarcerização e Sistema Penal – A Construção de Políticas Públicas de Racionalização do Poder Punitivo, financiado pela CAPES-CNJ Acadêmico, aborda o monitoramento eletrônico como medida alternativa à prisão preventiva, enfoque justificado em virtude das alterações no Código de Processo Penal pela Lei 12. 403, de 4 de maio de 2011. Para tanto, parte-se da (inegável) crise que perpassa o sistema prisional brasileiro e dos efeitos decorrentes do cárcere, sob um viés interdisciplinar. Compreendida a necessidade de alternativas ao encarceramento, seja provisório ou definitivo, passa-se, em seguida, ao estudo do monitoramento eletrônico propriamente dito. Em continuidade, delineia-se um panorama do processo de implementação do monitoramento eletrônico no Brasil, sendo então apresentadas as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estados e as hipóteses de aplicação da medida. A dissertação encerra-se com a análise dos discursos empregados pelos magistrados brasileiros para (des)legitimar o monitoramento eletrônico como medida alternativa à prisão preventiva.
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Silva, Cristiano Santos da. "As Associações de Proteção e Assistência ao Condenado (APACs) no estado de Minas Gerais : características e contradições." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/177656.
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As APACs têm sido apresentadas por seus gestores e pelos atores que lhe apoiam como um modelo alternativo de prisão que consegue, mediante uma metodologia própria, diminuir até 15% a reincidência das pessoas que cumprem pena nesses locais, enquanto nas demais prisões a reincidência é superior a 70%. O trabalho descreveu as APACs em Minas Gerais, onde elas já representam 17% do total de unidades prisionais, analisando se o baixo índice de reincidência obtido por elas seria, de fato, um produto da sua metodologia ou poderia estar sendo influenciado também pela sua seletividade. Paralelo a essa questão, também se analisa o papel das APACs dentro do sistema prisional de Minas Gerais, uma vez que os seus gestores classificam-nas como uma alternativa às demais prisões. Para embasar nosso trabalho trazemos os debates sobre: as prisões enquanto um mecanismo de punição, assim como debatemos o constante desejo por sua reforma; sobre o conceito de reincidência, que deve ser tratado com cuidado em razão das diferentes maneiras que existem para mensurá-lo; e sobre as políticas públicas e seus atores uma vez que as casas apaqueanas recebem apoio institucional e financeiro do governo de Minas Gerais, de forma que foram alçadas a atores da política prisional daquele Estado. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir da analise dos dados fornecidos pelo INFOPEN no ano de 2014. Os resultados apresentam informações interessantes sobre as prisões apaqueanas quando elas são comparadas com prisões não apaqueanas ao demonstrar que a seletividade pode ser considerada relevante para os índices de reincidência dessas unidades prisionais, assim como apontamos que as APACs possuem um papel dentro do sistema prisional mineiro.APACs have been presented by their managers and by the actors who support them as an alternative model of imprisonment that, through its own methodology, is able to reduce up to 15% the recidivism of people serving their sentences in these places, while in the other prisons the recidivism is superior to 70%. The study described APACs in Minas Gerais, where they already represent 17% of the total number of prison units, analyzing whether the low rate of recidivism obtained by them would in fact be a product of their methodology or could be influenced by their selectivity. Parallel to this issue, is also the role of APACs within the prison system of Minas Gerais, since their managers classify them as an alternative to other prisons. To support our work we bring the debates about: prisons as a mechanism of punishment, just as we debate the constant desire for its reform; on the concept of recidivism that must be treated with care because of the different ways in which it can be measured; and on public policies and their actors, since the houses of Achaean receive institutional and financial support from the government of Minas Gerais, in a way that has been elevated to actors of the prison policy of that State. The results were obtained from the analysis of the data provided by INFOPEN in the year 2014. The results present interesting information about the Apaquean prisons when they are compared with non-Apaquean prisons when demonstrat that selectivity can be considered relevant for the recidivism indexes of these prison units, as well as pointing out that the APACs have a role within the prison system of Minas Gerais.
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Rozycka, Martina. "L’emprisonnement face à l’objectif de réinsertion : l’exemple de la détention ouverte en Allemagne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA010/document.
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Bien que la prison peine demeure en situation d’échec, en particulier pour satisfaire à son objectif de réinsertion, en France, il y est encore largement fait recours, y compris pour la petite et moyenne délinquance. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse propose d’analyser les raisons de cet échec. Les peines de milieu ouvert, quant à elles, ne constituent pas des peines de substitution efficaces à l’emprisonnement en raison de leur manque de crédibilité dû à leur faible caractère punitif. Plutôt que de condamner catégoriquement la peine privative de liberté pour mettre en avant les bienfaits des peines de milieu ouvert, il est important de s’interroger sur la manière de rendre la peine privative de liberté plus efficace en matière de réinsertion. Pour ce faire, nous allons nous inspirer du modèle de détention ouvert et réfléchir sur l’opportunité de créer une sanction d’une sévérité intermédiaire entre la prison du milieu fermé et les mesures de milieu ouvert, une peine d’emprisonnement fondée sur la confiance et exécutée au sein du milieu semi-ouvertAlthough prisons continue to fail at their aim to resocialise offenders, in France prison sentences are widely handed down for minor and serious offences. This thesis analyses the reasons for this failure. Sentences prescribed by the community are not efficient substitutions for imprisonment because of their poor punitive character. Instead of categorically condemning imprisonment and replacing it with probation, it is important to ask how to make imprisonment a more effective resocialisation mechanism. From this, we draw our inspiration from open prisons and reflect on the appropriateness of introducing an intermediate sentence between de rigueur imprisonment and probation, a prison sentence based on trust and executed in a semi-open environment
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Conceição, Mateus Marques. "Perspectiva crítica das cautelares “alternativas” ao cárcere após o advento da lei nº 12.403/2011." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/6942.
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Previous issue date: 2014El presente trabajo, vinculado a la línea de investigación Sistemas Jurídico-Penales Contemporáneos del Programa de Pós Graduación en Ciencias Criminales (PPGCCRIM) de la Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, trata de una investigación crítica acerca de las medidas cautelares alternativas al encarcelamiento, tras la creación de la Ley n° 12. 403, de 04 de Mayo de 2011. Para esto, fijase en la (innegable) crises por la que pasan todas las cuestiones referentes a las prisiones cautelares y sus efectos, fundamentalmente en lo que dice respecto a la manera como están ocurriendo tales juzgamientos – si hay la utilización práctica de la nueva ley por los juzgadores, y caso las haga, si los mismos, tras la nueva ley, mudaran su manera de juzgar - partiéndose, para esto, de una premisa anterior, cuando las decisiones estaban pautadas solamente en la bipolaridad cautelar (prisión/libertad), utilizando e introduciendo en sus juzgamientos las nuevas medidas cautelares alternativas. Es importante subrayar la actualidad del eje en que se centra ese trabajo, dado que, como la nueva Ley empezó a regirse en 2011, aún necesita desarrollarse en su aplicación por parte de los juzgadores que van a utilizarla. En ese sentido, es fundamental analizar, en un primer momento, la principiologia, además de los fundamentos de la prisión colectiva y, en un según momento, presentar propiamente las medidas cautelares alternativas al cárcel. La disertación de maestría se concluye con un estudio crítico acerca de la utilización de tales medidas cautelares en casos concretos, por medio de habeas corpus juzgados por las Cámaras Criminales del Tribunal de Justicia de Rio Grande del Sur, siendo que, después, es realizada una crítica con relación a la utilización de las referidas medidas en los juzgamientos ante aquella Corte. spa
O presente trabalho, vinculado à linha de pesquisa Sistemas Jurídico-Penais Contemporâneos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Criminais (PPGCCRIM) da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), aborda uma pesquisa crítica sobre as medidas cautelares alternativas ao encarceramento, após o advento da Lei n° 12. 403, de 04 de maio de 2011. Para tanto, parte-se da (inegável) crise que atravessa todas as questões envolvendo as prisões cautelares e seus efeitos, principalmente no que se refere à forma como vem ocorrendo tais julgamentos - se há utilização prática da nova lei pelos julgadores, e se os mesmos, após a nova lei, mudaram sua forma de julgar - partindo-se, para tanto, de uma premissa anterior, quando as decisões pautavam apenas sobre a bipolaridade cautelar (prisão/liberdade), passando a utilizar e inserir em seus julgamentos as novas medidas cautelares alternativas. É importante destacar a atualidade do tema, pois como a nova Lei passou a viger em 2011, ainda necessita de amadurecimento coletivo por parte dos julgadores para sua melhor aplicação. Nesse sentido, é fundamental analisar, primeiramente, a principiologia e os fundamentos da prisão preventiva; e, em um segundo momento, apresentar propriamente as medidas cautelares alternativas ao cárcere. A dissertação encerra- se com um estudo crítico acerca da utilização de tais medidas cautelares em casos concretos, através de habeas corpus julgados pelas Câmaras Criminais do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, seguidos de uma crítica sobre a utilização das referidas medidas nos julgamento perante aquela Corte.
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Jara, Moreira Daniela Paz de la. "Las medidas alternativas. La prisión en el contexto de un Estado democrático de derecho." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/129836.
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Swift, Richard Anthony. "Academic secondary education in the federal prisons of British Columbia : the guidelines for an alternative program to the general equivalency diploma program." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26613.
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The primary purposes of this thesis are, first, to argue that the existing secondary education program, the General Equivalency Diploma program (GED), offered to inmates in the Federal penitentiaries is not truly educational, and second, that there clearly exists the need to design a viable, alternative academic education program for potential secondary level students in the Federal penitentiary system of British Columbia.
A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that the Canadian Penitentiary Service has historically held numerous false assumptions about the educational process. For example, the most commonly used program at the secondary level, the G.E.D., despite its seemingly academic content, (Writing skills, Reading skills, Social Studies, Mathematics and Science), is not directed towards educational ends. While the G.E.D. does have some value and could be useful for some students, it is inadequate for the following reasons: it is simply a battery of five content area tests; it is not worthwhile for its own sake; it is 'training' or to be more accurate 'drilling' and not education; its substance is not thought and ideas; it is not structured in such a way as to promote understanding and a 'cognitive perspective', it is not flexible enough to take into account the academic capabilities of some inmates; and it does not adequately prepare the student for post-secondary education.
Therefore an alternative education program at the secondary level is needed. In order to design an alternative program any inhibitors to education in prisons have to be identified. These inhibitors are noted and are taken into account in the guidelines for an alternative academic education program. This program is based on a set of principles which are found to be defensible in relation to the needs of students and on educational grounds.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Vanderperre, Benoît. "Les cadres ouverts de lecture alternatifs contribuent significativement au protéome des eucaryotes." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6258.
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Un défi majeur de l’ère post-génomique est de définir l’ensemble des protéines encodées par le génome : le protéome. Un ARNm mature est en général associé à un seul cadre ouvert de lecture (ORF, open reading frame en anglais) de référence (RefORF) codant pour une protéine. Des ORFs alternatifs (AltORFs) sont cependant présents dans les régions non-traduites (UTRs), ou chevauchant le RefORF dans les cadres de lecture alternatifs +2 et +3. Les AltORFs offrnt le potentiel d’augmenter la diversité protéique, mais leur réelle contribution au protéome est peu caractérisée. Par des techniques de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie, et de biologie cellulaire, j'ai tout d’abord mis en évidence chez plusieurs mammifères supérieurs, l’expression endogène d'une protéine alternative appelée AltPrP à partir du gène PRNP. La découverte d'AltPrP devrait améliorer notre compréhension des rôles pathologiques et physiologiques de ce gène. Suite à la découverte d'AltPrP, et basé sur ce modèle d’AltORF chevauchant un RefORF, j'ai entrepris d’investiguer l’étendue de l’utilisation de ces AltORFs comme source de diversité protéique, chez l’humain en particulier. Par des méthodes computationnelles, j'ai participé à la création d'une base de données d'AltORFs prédits dans les ARNm humains (HA1tORF, pour Human Alternative ORFs). HA1tORF est consultable et interrogeable en ligne. Elle facilitera et accélérera la découverte et l’étude des AltORFs. J'ai ensuite mis au point une approche protéomique afin d'apporter des preuves expérimentales de l’utilisation à grande échelle des AltORFs. Une base de données d’AltORFs, mise à jour pour inclure ceux chevauchant en tout ou partie les UTRs, a été créée et utilisée pour déterminer par spectrométrie de masse la contribution des protéines alternatives au protéome humain. J'ai validé l’expression de 1259 protéines alternatives prédites à travers différents échantillons. J'ai aussi démontré que l’expression d'AltORFs impliquait d’importants biais dans les dessins expérimentaux (transfections ou criblage de banques d’ADNc par exemple). Enfin, un grand nombre de protéines alternatives semblent conservées à travers l’évolution, suggérant leur importance fonctionnelle. En conclusion, mes travaux de doctorat ont permis de mettre en évidence que les AltORFs conduisent à l’expression de nouvelles protéines jusqu’alors ignorées. Ces résultats redéfinissent notre vision du protéome, remettent en question notre compréhension de la structure et de la fonction des gènes eucaryotes, et ouvrent la voie vers l’étude fonctionnelle des protéines alternatives.
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Muhammad, Juma Muhammad. "Urbanisme et tourisme à Zanzibar : alternatives urbanistiques du développement touristique." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002316390204611&vid=upec.
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L'absence d'articulation entre urbanisation et accélération du phénomène touristique provoque une crise dans la ville de Zanzibar. Cette accélération fragilise l'organisation spatiale du tissu urbain et du territoire de l'archipel. Elle réussit cependant à mobiliser les acteurs locaux dans les rapports économiques, socio-culturels et spatiaux. Cette étude s'attache aux sources de cette crise et au dynamisme des acteurs locaux qui participe de l'émergence d'une alternative urbanistique du développement touristique. Nous nous sommes d'abord intéressés à la morphologie urbaine, pour saisir les logiques et les conflits qui sous-tendent l'urbanisation formelle. Nous avons ensuite examiné les relations entre phénomène touristique et espace urbain. Nous nous sommes enfin penchés sur la question plus particulière de l'alternative urbanistique, en nous appuyant sur l'analyse des types architecturaux. Trois types d'habitat, arabe, indien et swahili et leurs rôles dans l'urbanisation touristique sont illustrésThe absence of communication between urbanisation and the acceleration of touristic phenomena provoke a crisis in the city of Zanzibar. This acceleration polarizes the planning of both urban and rural areas of the island. It achieves, however, a mobilization of the local actors in the economic, social, spatial and cultural relations. This research endeavors to understand the source of the crisis and the dynamics of local actors, which participate in the emergence of an alternative urbanization of the touristic development. We have been interested at first with urban morphology in order to grasp both the logic and the conflict underlying the urbanization. We have examined, afterward, the relationship between touristic phenomena and the urban area. We have finally looked particularly into the question of the alternative urbanization, by referring to the analysis of type of architecture. Three types of building are illustrated; arab, india and Swahili. Each is shown in light of theirs role the development of tourism
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Cassar, Fernando Jorge. "As comissões de conciliação prévia na justiça do trabalho: uma abordagem sobre sua importância e o esvaziamento ao longo da última década de sua vigência." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9766.
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O presente trabalho enfoca o que originou as Comissões de Conciliação Prévia, considerando os fatos relevantes que ensejaram sua criação, cujo embrião se formou no seio da maioria dos Ministros do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, a partir de debates que culminaram com o patrocínio do projeto de lei que se materializou em janeiro de 2000. Realça a necessidade de um mecanismo de composição que não dependa do Judiciário, em decorrência não só do colapso em que se encontra a Justiça do Trabalho em razão do número de processos trabalhistas, como também na utilização de importante instrumento alternativo. Aborda também as diversas formas alternativas de solução de conflitos. Considera a presença do Conselho Nacional de Justiça que vem exigindo melhora na prestação jurisdicional. Demonstra que ao longo dos primeiros 10 anos da Lei que introduziu as CCPs, houve resistência de grande parte do Judiciário, o que acabou por esvaziá-las. Examina, em continuidade, as decisões proferidas ao longo da vigência da Lei e que influíram na atuação das Comissões de Conciliação Prévia. Finalmente, aponta os aspectos da Lei n.º 9.958/00, analisa a constitucionalidade e a natureza da mesma e demonstra a indispensabilidade da criação desse meio como forma de agilizar o Judiciário, de reduzir as demandas e, consequentemente, de auxiliar na efetividade da prestação da tutela jurisdicional. Observa, por fim, que o Judiciário não pode prescindir da colaboração de órgãos que possam auxiliar a minimizar o exagerado número de demandas que assolam aquele Poder.
This paper focuses on what led to the conciliation commissions, considering the facts that gave rise to its creation, whose embryo was formed among the majority of Ministers of the Superior Labor Court, from discussions that led to the sponsorship of the project law that has materialized in January 2000. Stresses the need for a mechanism that does not depend on the composition of the judiciary, not only because of the collapse is that the Labour Court because of the number of labor, but also important in the use of an alternative instrument. It also discusses the various alternative forms of dispute resolution. Considers the presence of the National Council of Justice has demanded improvement in adjudication. It shows that over the first 10 years of Law which introduced the CCP, there was much resistance from the judiciary, which turned out to empty them. It examines, in continuity, the decisions over the life of the law and having a bearing on performance of conciliation commissions. Finally, indicate aspects of Law No. 9.958/00, and analyzes the constitutionality of the same nature and demonstrates the necessity of creating that environment as a way to streamline the judiciary, to reduce demand and thus help in the effectiveness of providing by courts. Notes, finally, that the judiciary can not do without the collaboration of agencies that can help to minimize the number of exaggerated claims that plague that Power.
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Lavigne, Juliana Coelho de. "Alternativas à prisão preventiva: em busca de redução de danos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1849.
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Previous issue date: 2009A dissertação “alternativas à prisão preventiva: em busca de redução de danos” trata da necessidade de um resgate das categorias próprias do processo penal, abandonando a doutrina civilista em matéria cautelar, uma vez que seu requisito é o fumus comissi delicti e seu fundamento o periculum libertatis e não o fumus boni iuris e o periculum in mora. Desenvolverá a compatibilização entre a presunção de inocência, presunção de não-culpabilidade e a prisão preventiva, trazendo a principiologia como solução, abordando o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana como princípio reitor do ordenamento jurídico, da legalidade, jurisdicionalidade, instrumentalidade, provisionalidade, provisoriedade, excepcionalidade e proporcionalidade. Trará a realidade carcerária e a necessidade de a Constituição efetivamente constituir, bem como a forma como o assunto é tratado nos diplomas internacionais e na legislação brasileira, para então analisar o projeto que está em tramitação no Congresso Nacional sobre o assunto, Projeto de Lei 4. 208-C de 2001.
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Antoine, Marie Dominique. "La communication dans la prise en charge intégrée de l'autisme." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33401.
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L’autisme est un problème complexe qui confronte autant les patients, leurs parents que les différents intervenants de la santé engagés dans sa prise en charge. La coordination entre ces différents acteurs, en terme de communication (au sens d’échanges, de relations, d’interactions, de partage de connaissances, etc.) nous semble nécessaire pour une prise en charge efficace. Toutefois, en dépit du fait que le système de santé canadien soit bien régulé, lors de la prise en charge des enfants autistes, les approches conventionnel et alternatif fonctionnent parallèlement ou en complémentarité, en dehors des normes, sans communication entre eux, avec les parents comme seul lien. Ainsi, nous avons étudié comment s’établit la communication entre ces différents acteurs au sein du système de santé à Ottawa pour potentiellement observer si une prise en charge intégrée des enfants autistes est possible dans notre système de santé.
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Gwyther, Ceri. "Bioreduction : an alternative strategy for storing fallen stock prior to disposal." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bioreduction--an-alternative-strategy-for-storing-fallen-stock-prior-to-disposal(e1ab9066-09ed-42eb-94aa-94d5d23f454c).html.
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Bioreduction has been proposed as an on-farm storage facility for fallen stock prior to final disposal in accordance with the Animal By-Products Regulations, ABPR (EC 1069/2009). In order for bioreduction to be approved under the legislation it must be shown to be biosecure. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to assess the risk of pathogen proliferation in the liquor and bioaerosols generated under operational and simulated breakdown scenarios. Secondary objectives consisted of improving the technology and included: determining the efficacy of commercial accelerants in catalysing the bioreduction process; the use of the carbon footprint to identify potential environmental improvements in future vessel designs; and identifying the main physicochemical parameters and enzyme activity associated with bioreduction, in order to more fully understand the underlying biodegradation processes occurring within the vessels. A range of microbiological and molecular techniques were employed to analyse pathogen survival and assess microbial communities and included; traditional culturing, bioaerosol analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). Carbon footprints were analysed using ISO 14040 Life Cycle Assessment guidelines, greenhouse gas emissions using a portable gas meter and physicochemical and enzyme assays using standard techniques, often based on soil or compost protocols in the absence of specific bioreduction methods. Whilst there is always room for vessel design improvement such as using solar energy and determining loading capacity to reduce foaming, the technology has repeatedly shown to reduce the volume of waste to be ultimately disposed and has gained favour within the livestock industries. Bioreduction has also shown to be biosecure in both laboratory and field settings and under both optimal and sub-optimal conditions. The lack of pathogen proliferation and dispersal meets the requirements of the ABPR for the storage of fallen stock. Therefore, it is recommended that the regulations are updated to include bioreduction for both pig and sheep carcasses.
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Almeida, Marcius Alexandros Antunes de. "Cr?ticas e alternativas ? pris?o preventiva." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4835.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-25A pris?o preventiva representa um aspecto do processo penal cuja necessidade nunca chegou a justificar-se de maneira plenamente convincente, uma vez que viola direitos e garantias da pessoa humana de forma prematura e sem um ju?zo seguro acerca de eventual responsabilidade penal. N?o obstante, tem sido utilizada, de forma restrita em alguns pa?ses e abusiva ou excessiva em outros, antecipando os efeitos de eventual condena??o e transformando o processo penal em um mecanismo que conjuga, de forma simult?nea, a averigua??o do fato delituoso imputado com a puni??o do suposto autor do delito no c?rcere. Apesar da pris?o preventiva trazer maior efetividade ao cumprimento dos fins do processo, tamb?m ? atrav?s dela que se cometem as mais evidentes viola??es da liberdade pessoal e de outros direitos fundamentais reconhecidos nos mais diversos ordenamentos jur?dicos. Em raz?o disso, alguns pa?ses j? vem adotando medidas menos gravosas para tutelar o processo penal, como forma de evitar a utiliza??o da pris?o em face de cidad?os que sequer tiveram afirmada a responsabilidade penal, que ocorre, nos termos da Constitui??o Brasileira, somente ap?s o tr?nsito em julgado da senten?a penal condenat?ria. Sem embargo disso, a pris?o preventiva segue sendo utilizada nas mais diversas legisla??es, mesmo sendo uma medida desnecess?ria e excessiva, em alguns casos, ou ineficaz para o fim visado, em outros, inclusive, em face de inocentes reconhecidos pela t?o almejada, mas tardia, senten?a penal absolut?ria, uma vez que n?o somente os culpados s?o submetidos ao processo e ? pena, ainda que processual. No Brasil, que ? pr?digo na utiliza??o da pris?o preventiva, fato proporcionado, em parte, pela presen?a de fundamentos que representam cl?usulas abertas que n?o comportam demonstra??o e refuta??o, tramitam, ainda que de forma tardia, projetos de reforma parcial e geral do C?digo de Processo Penal, trazendo novas alternativas para tutela do processo. N?o obstante, as expectativas de efetiva implanta??o dessas novas medidas n?o se mostram animadoras, pois, al?m de contarmos com uma certa resist?ncia na destina??o de recursos financeiros para diminuir a afli??o dos processados, o que se depreende das condi??es carcer?rias brasileiras, depende, tamb?m, de uma mudan?a na cultura judici?ria nacional, que, como demonstra a experi?ncia, n?o ocorre com a mera altera??o da lei.
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Azevedo, e. Souza Bernardo de. "O monitoramento eletr?nico como medida alternativa ? pris?o preventiva." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4921.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-26El presente trabajo, vinculado a la l?nea de investigaci?n Criminolog?a y Control Social, del programa de Pos-Graduaci?n en Ciencias Criminales de la Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul y al proyecto Descarcerizaci?n y Sistema Penal La Construcci?n de Pol?ticas P?blicas de Racionalizaci?n del Poder Punitivo, financiado por la CAPES-CNJ Acad?mico, aborda el monitoreo electr?nico como medida alternativa al arresto preventivo, enfoque que se justifica en virtud de las alteraciones en el C?digo de Proceso Penal por la Ley 12.403, de 4 de mayo de 2011. Para tanto, se parte de la (innegable) crisis por la cual atraviesa el sistema prisional brasile?o y de los efectos decurrentes del c?rcel, bajo un bies interdisciplinar. Comprendida la necesidad de alternativas a el encarcelamiento, sea provisorio o definitivo, se pasa al estudio del monitoreo electr?nico propiamente dicho. A continuaci?n, se delinea un panorama del proceso de implementaci?n del monitoreo electr?nico en Brasil, siendo entonces presentadas las principales dificultades enfrentadas por los Estados y las hip?tesis de aplicaci?n de medida. La disertaci?n se cierra con el an?lisis de los discursos usados por los magistrados brasile?os al (des)legitimar el monitoreo electr?nico como medida alternativa al arresto preventivo
O presente trabalho, vinculado ? linha de pesquisa Criminologia e Controle Social, do Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Criminais da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul e ao projeto Descarceriza??o e Sistema Penal A Constru??o de Pol?ticas P?blicas de Racionaliza??o do Poder Punitivo, financiado pela CAPES-CNJ Acad?mico, aborda o monitoramento eletr?nico como medida alternativa ? pris?o preventiva, enfoque justificado em virtude das altera??es no C?digo de Processo Penal pela Lei 12.403, de 4 de maio de 2011. Para tanto, parte-se da (ineg?vel) crise que perpassa o sistema prisional brasileiro e dos efeitos decorrentes do c?rcere, sob um vi?s interdisciplinar. Compreendida a necessidade de alternativas ao encarceramento, seja provis?rio ou definitivo, passa-se, em seguida, ao estudo do monitoramento eletr?nico propriamente dito. Em continuidade, delineia-se um panorama do processo de implementa??o do monitoramento eletr?nico no Brasil, sendo ent?o apresentadas as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estados e as hip?teses de aplica??o da medida. A disserta??o encerra-se com a an?lise dos discursos empregados pelos magistrados brasileiros para (des)legitimar o monitoramento eletr?nico como medida alternativa ? pris?o preventiva.
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Carbajal, Lovatón Eliana. "La prestación de servicios a la comunidad : un modelo de implementación." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13400.
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Considerando que la prestación de servicios a la comunidad es una de las penas
con mayor efecto resocializador que produce un impacto beneficioso no solo en
el autor del delito, sino también en la sociedad y en el sistema penitenciario, en
tanto permite la reducción de sus niveles de sobrepoblación carcelaria, la Política
Nacional Penitenciaria ha establecido como uno de sus lineamientos la
promoción de las penas limitativas de derechos, cuya principal pena es la
prestación de servicios a la comunidad. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico sobre el
estado situacional de la prestación de servicios a la comunidad nos indica que
su imposición y ejecución no es óptima, debido, entre otros factores, a la
ausencia de un modelo de implementación que, además de promover su
aplicación, permita el control efectivo de su cumplimiento. Por esta razón, esta
tesis propone un modelo de implementación que permite superar las deficiencias
advertidas en el modelo actual. El modelo propuesto distingue las tres formas
que la norma peruana admite para la imposición de la prestación de servicios a
la comunidad, dotando a la pena autónoma y sustitutoria de ciertas ventajas
respecto a la pena convertida. Asimismo, pretende que todos los actores clave
de este modelo tengan roles definidos y responsabilidades claras: la
participación activa del condenado, que el Instituto Nacional Penitenciario se
constituya como ente rector de las decisiones administrativas, y que el Juez se
convierta en el actor principal en todas las etapas del proceso, incluso en la
ejecución de la pena, fomentando mecanismos dinámicos y céleres en la toma
de decisiones. Lo que se busca es que, en la medida de lo posible, la práctica
judicial deje de privilegiar la imposición de penas privativas de libertad,
orientándose hacia la prestación de servicios a la comunidad, en concordancia
con la política criminal y penitenciaria del Estado Peruano.Tesis
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Vargas, Robson de. "A aplicação de medidas cautelares alternativas à prisão preventiva nos crimes de tráfico de drogas$$cRobson de Vargas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5726.
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Previous issue date: 2013Housed in the area of concentration and Criminal Violence System and with the line of research the Legal and Penal Systems Contemporaries of the Graduate Program in Criminal Sciences (PPGCCrim), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC / RS), this study sought to examine the application of alternative protective measures in drug trafficking crimes, in order to identify the criteria chosen by the courts for their choice and suitability keep precautionary principles, and respect for the instrumental purpose that is the object of procedural prison. Thus, it was first presented an overview of the general theory of precautionary detention, in order to determine the elements on its structure and function in criminal proceedings Brazil. So initially analyzed the concept and subject of the arrest precaution, your requirement and foundation, followed by an appreciation of the principles applicable to the subject, on the basis of precautionary imprisonment for criminal proceedings and the effects that may arise from its application. In addition, we also analyzed the species of alternative protective measures, a study that addressed the historical and dogmatic, followed by an assessment of the bail and their legal status. Finally, we presented some considerations about understanding the STF and STJ on provisional release to the crime of drug trafficking, as well as the possibility of interim measures of protection alternatives for these offenses, and was presented quantitative data obtained from analysis of Habeas Corpus judged by the Criminal Chambers of the Courts of Justice of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, which propose that the application of the precautionary alternatives in cases of drug trafficking constitutes an exception, especially because they are considered inadequate and inadequate in the face of violation of the guarantee of public order, and its limited application, as a rule, for those crimes in which the defendant is primary and a good record, having fixed residence, lawful work and engage small amount of drugs seized.
Inserido na área de concentração Sistema Penal e Violência e tendo como linha de pesquisa os Sistemas Jurídico-Penais Contemporâneos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Criminais (PPGCCrim) da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC/RS), o presente estudo buscou examinar a aplicação das medidas cautelares alternativas nos crimes de tráfico de drogas, de maneira a identificar se os critérios eleitos pelos tribunais para a sua escolha e adequação guardam respeito à principiologia cautelar e à finalidade instrumental que é o objeto da prisão processual. Deste modo, primeiramente foi apresentado um panorama sobre a teoria geral da prisão cautelar, a fim de apurar os elementos sobre a sua estrutura e função no processo penal brasileiro. Assim, inicialmente se analisou o conceito e objeto da prisão cautelar, seu requisito e fundamento, seguindo-se a uma apreciação sobre os princípios aplicáveis ao tema, sobre a função da prisão cautelar para o processo penal e os efeitos que podem advir da sua aplicação. Além disso, foram analisadas também as espécies de medidas cautelares alternativas, num estudo que abordou aspectos históricos e dogmáticos, seguindo-se a uma apreciação sobre a liberdade provisória e o seu regime jurídico. Por fim, foram apresentadas algumas considerações sobre o entendimento do STF e do STJ sobre a concessão da liberdade provisória ao crime de tráfico de drogas, bem como a possibilidade de aplicação de medidas cautelares alternativas para esses delitos, bem como foi apresentado dados quantitativos obtidos da análise de Habeas Corpus julgados pelas Câmaras Criminais dos Tribunais de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná, que permitiram observar que a aplicação das cautelares alternativas nos casos de tráfico de drogas constitui-se em uma exceção, especialmente por serem consideradas inadequadas e insuficientes em face da violação da garantia da ordem pública, estando sua aplicação restrita, via de regra, para aqueles crimes em que o acusado é primário e de bons antecedentes, possuindo residência fixa, trabalho lícito e envolver pequena quantidade de droga apreendida.
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Caron, Nathalie. "Approches alternatives d'une théorie non informative des tests bayésiens." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES028.
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Le but de cette thèse est de comparer les réponses classiques (p-values) et bayésiennes dans le cadre d'un test bilatéral et d'introduire de nouvelles réponses bayésiennes non informatives. Elle comprend donc une présentation des réponses classiques et bayésiennes aux différents types de tests sous l'angle de la théorie de la décision. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la comparaison des réponses classiques et bayésiennes dans le cadre unidimensionnel en explicitant les critères de choix retenus pour définir une réponse bayésienne objective. Dans les chapitres trois et six, deux nouvelles réponses bayésiennes non informatives sont développées. Les autres chapitres constituent une généralisation du cadre unidimensionnel: les chapitres 4, 5 et 7 généralisent les résultats respectivement au cadre multidimensionnel, au cas d'un test avec des paramètres de nuisance et au cas d'observations corrélées par un modèle autorégressif
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El, Ez Eddine El Dandachy Nancy. "Techniques alternatives de visualisation pour la prise de connaissance de scènes tridimensionnelles." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b0a2c636-a13a-4923-97ea-cb655a15baeb/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4043.pdf.
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Le développement rapide du domaine de la synthèse d'image, la diffusion de son domaine dans de nombreuses applications et puis grâce au développement des matériels en vitesse et capacité en mémoire permettant ainsi la visualisation de scènes de hauts niveaux, le problème de la compréhension et de la prise des connaissances des scènes tridimensionnelles devient de plus en plus pertinent et compliqué. Depuis le milieu des années 70, pratiquement aucune technique de base nouvelle de visualisation n'a vu le jour. Tous les efforts des chercheurs se sont portés sur les possibilités d'amélioration des techniques déjà existantes soit en réduisant les temps de calcul, soit en réduisant l'encombrement de la mémoire, soit encore en inventant des modèles photométriques plus sophistiqués permettant une meilleure qualité des images obtenues. D'autres chercheurs ont concentré leurs études sur la recherche des méthodes de calcul automatiques de bons points de vue ou à faire une animation tout autour de la scène suivant un chemin qui respecte des règles heuristiques évitant les brusques changements déconcertants l'observateur. Or ces techniques ne sont pas suffisantes pour répondre à toutes les scènes qui peuvent être crées par les matériels actuels. Nous allons donc proposer dans ce mémoire des techniques alternatives basées sur la combinaison des techniques existantes de visualisation afin d'améliorer la compréhension de certaines scènes complexes. Nous allons tout d'abord étudier le cas des scènes tridimensionnelles complexes qui comportent beaucoup de lumières, des miroirs et des objets transparents, produisant ainsi des effets réalistes qui peuvent créer des illusions dues à la présence des ombres, réflexions et réfractions. La présence de ces effets réalistes peut confondre l'utilisateur et l'empêcher de distinguer entre les objets réels de la scène et tout ce qui est illusoire. Pour améliorer la compréhension de ce type des scènes, nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode qui combine la technique de visualisation réaliste de lancer de rayon avec l'algorithme économique du raffinement sélectif et la méthode de suivi de contour par le code de direction afin de mettre en évidence les objets réels de la scène en détectant leurs contours apparents dans le but de leurs distinguer de leurs réflexions et réfractions. Un autre type de scènes sera introduit dans ce mémoire, celui des scènes qui comportent des objets englobant d'autres objets. Trois nouvelles techniques alternatives seront décrites dans ce mémoire afin d'améliorer la visualisation et la prise de connaissance de ce type de scène. La première tend à visualiser l'objet englobant en mode filiaire alors que l'objet intérieur sera visualisé en mode plein. L'élimination des parties cachées sera réglée par la combinaison de la méthode du z-buffer avec le back facing culling. La deuxième approche tend à créer un trou sur les faces de l'objet englobant faisant ainsi apparaître l'objet intérieur. Deux méthodes sont proposées afin de réaliser ce but. La première est appliquée seulement aux scènes dans lesquelles l'objet englobant en modélisé par des facettes polygonales et elle tend à éliminer les facettes de l'objet englobant qui cachent l'objet intérieur. La deuxième peut être appliquée à n'importe quelle modélisation de scène et elle tend tout d'abord à visualiser les deux objets: l'objet englobant et l'objet intérieur, puis d'assombrir les pixels proportionnels à la silhouette de l'objet intérieur et orthogonaux dirigés vers l'extérieur de l'objet intérieurThe fast development of the image synthesis domain, the spread of this domain in lot of applications and then because of the development of PCs in speed and memory capacities, the problem of scene understanding and extracting knowledge is becoming more and more pertinent and complicated. Since the half of the seventies, practically no new basic techniques of visualization were invented. All the researchers’ efforts were focused on the possibility of the enhancement of existent techniques whether by reducing the time of computations, or by inventing photometric models more sophisticated allowing the obtaining of better image quality. Other researchers have turned their attention to search for methods that compute automatically a good point of view position or do an automatic animation around the scene following a path that respect heuristic rules in order to avoid brusque changes that might disconcert the observer. However, these techniques aren't sufficient to resolve the problem of the visualization of all type of scenes created by the PCs so developed nowadays. We are going to propose in this thesis alternative techniques which are based on the combination of existent visualization techniques in order to enhance the understanding of complex scenes. We are going first to study the case of three-dimensional complex scene that contain lot of lights, mirrors and transparent objects which produce realistic effects that might create illusions due of the presence of shadows, reflections and refractions. The presence of these realistic effects might confuse the observer and prevent him to distinguish between real objects of the scene and illusions. In order to enhance the understanding of this type of scenes, we have proposed a new method that combine between the ray tracing realistic technique of visualization with the selective refinement improvement algorithm and the followed contour technique by the code direction method, in order to underline the real objects of the scene by detecting their apparent contours so that we will be able to distinguish them from their reflexions and refractions. Another type of scenes will be introduced in this thesis, scenes which contain objects that include other objects. Three new alternative techniques will be described in order to enhance the visualization end the taking knowledge of this type of scene. The first one leads to visualize the exterior object on wireframe mode while the interior one will be visualized in fill mode. The elimination of hidden surfaces will be regulated by the combination of the z-buffer method with the back facing culling technique. The second approach leads to create a hole on the surface of the exterior object in order to show the interior one. Two methods will be proposed in order to achieve this project. The first one is applied only for scenes where exterior objects are modeled by a polygonal mesh and leads to eliminate the exterior faces which hide the interior object. The second method can be applied to any scene model and leads first to visualize both objects: the exterior and the interior one, and then make darken the pixels which are proportional and orthogonal to the silhouette of the interior object oriented to the outside of the interior object
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Diallo, Aly. "L'efficacité des réformes pénales en matière d'alternatives à l'emprisonnement : l'exemple de la France, du Mali et du Québec." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0152.
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Les réformes pénales en matière d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement ont connu un essor fulgurant un peu partout dans le monde (à l’exception de certains pays comme le Mali, qui ne connaît qu’une seule peine alternative à l’emprisonnement stricto sensu « la peine de travail d’intérêt général »), en particulier en France et au Québec entre les années soixante-dix et deux mille. Ces réformes ont notamment mené à la création de diverses peines ou mesures qualifiées d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement ou d’alternatives à l’incarcération ou de peines de substitution à l’emprisonnement, etc. À titre d’exemple, en France et au Québec, nous pouvons mentionner la création de diverses peines de substitution à l’emprisonnement telles que les peines affectant le permis de conduire, le jour-amende, la confiscation, la peine de probation, etc. Cela dit, les différentes réformes pénales en matière d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement menées par les autorités des pays susmentionnés ont-elles permis de lutter contre la surpopulation carcérale et la récidive ? La recherche est scindée en deux parties : la première est consacrée à la relative efficacité des réformes pénales en matière d’alternatives à l’emprisonnement, due principalement à l’ambivalence des politiques pénales des autorités françaises, maliennes et québécoises, mais aussi à une surpopulation carcérale explosive et à l’augmentation du taux de récidive des condamnés à des alternatives à l’emprisonnement ; la seconde partie est axée sur l’exigence d’autonomisation des alternatives à l’emprisonnement pour lutter efficacement contre la récidive et la surpopulation carcéraleCriminal reforms in alternatives to imprisonment have boomed around the world (with the exception of some countries like Mali, which has only one alternative sentence to imprisonment in the strict sense of the term "The sentence of community service"), particularly in France and Quebec between the 1970s and 2000s. These reforms have led to the creation of various punishments or measures classified as alternatives to imprisonment or alternatives to incarceration, etc. For example, in France and Quebec, we can mention the creation of various alternatives to imprisonment such as the penalties affecting the driving license, the day-fine, the confiscation, the sentence of probation, etc. That said, have the various penal reforms in the field of alternatives to imprisonment carried out by the authorities of the above-mentioned countries helped to combat prison overcrowding and recidivism? The research is divided into two parts: the first is devoted to the relative effectiveness of penal reforms in terms of alternatives to imprisonment, mainly due to the ambivalence of the penal policies of the French, Malian and Quebec authorities, but also to a explosive prison overcrowding and the increase in the recidivism rate of those sentenced to alternatives to imprisonment; the second part focuses on the need to empower alternatives to imprisonment to effectively combat recidivism and prison overcrowding
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Concei??o, Mateus Marques. "Perspectiva cr?tica das cautelares alternativas ao c?rcere ap?s o advento da lei n? 12.403/2011." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4972.
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Previous issue date: 2014-10-01El presente trabajo, vinculado a la l?nea de investigaci?n Sistemas Jur?dico-Penales Contempor?neos del Programa de P?s Graduaci?n en Ciencias Criminales (PPGCCRIM) de la Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, trata de una investigaci?n cr?tica acerca de las medidas cautelares alternativas al encarcelamiento, tras la creaci?n de la Ley n? 12.403, de 04 de Mayo de 2011. Para esto, fijase en la (innegable) crises por la que pasan todas las cuestiones referentes a las prisiones cautelares y sus efectos, fundamentalmente en lo que dice respecto a la manera como est?n ocurriendo tales juzgamientos si hay la utilizaci?n pr?ctica de la nueva ley por los juzgadores, y caso las haga, si los mismos, tras la nueva ley, mudaran su manera de juzgar - parti?ndose, para esto, de una premisa anterior, cuando las decisiones estaban pautadas solamente en la bipolaridad cautelar (prisi?n/libertad), utilizando e introduciendo en sus juzgamientos las nuevas medidas cautelares alternativas. Es importante subrayar la actualidad del eje en que se centra ese trabajo, dado que, como la nueva Ley empez? a regirse en 2011, a?n necesita desarrollarse en su aplicaci?n por parte de los juzgadores que van a utilizarla. En ese sentido, es fundamental analizar, en un primer momento, la principiologia, adem?s de los fundamentos de la prisi?n colectiva y, en un seg?n momento, presentar propiamente las medidas cautelares alternativas al c?rcel. La disertaci?n de maestr?a se concluye con un estudio cr?tico acerca de la utilizaci?n de tales medidas cautelares en casos concretos, por medio de habeas corpus juzgados por las C?maras Criminales del Tribunal de Justicia de Rio Grande del Sur, siendo que, despu?s, es realizada una cr?tica con relaci?n a la utilizaci?n de las referidas medidas en los juzgamientos ante aquella Corte.
O presente trabalho, vinculado ? linha de pesquisa Sistemas Jur?dico-Penais Contempor?neos do Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Criminais (PPGCCRIM) da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), aborda uma pesquisa cr?tica sobre as medidas cautelares alternativas ao encarceramento, ap?s o advento da Lei n? 12.403, de 04 de maio de 2011. Para tanto, parte-se da (ineg?vel) crise que atravessa todas as quest?es envolvendo as pris?es cautelares e seus efeitos, principalmente no que se refere ? forma como vem ocorrendo tais julgamentos - se h? utiliza??o pr?tica da nova lei pelos julgadores, e se os mesmos, ap?s a nova lei, mudaram sua forma de julgar - partindo-se, para tanto, de uma premissa anterior, quando as decis?es pautavam apenas sobre a bipolaridade cautelar (pris?o/liberdade), passando a utilizar e inserir em seus julgamentos as novas medidas cautelares alternativas. ? importante destacar a atualidade do tema, pois como a nova Lei passou a viger em 2011, ainda necessita de amadurecimento coletivo por parte dos julgadores para sua melhor aplica??o. Nesse sentido, ? fundamental analisar, primeiramente, a principiologia e os fundamentos da pris?o preventiva; e, em um segundo momento, apresentar propriamente as medidas cautelares alternativas ao c?rcere. A disserta??o encerrase com um estudo cr?tico acerca da utiliza??o de tais medidas cautelares em casos concretos, atrav?s de habeas corpus julgados pelas C?maras Criminais do Tribunal de Justi?a do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, seguidos de uma cr?tica sobre a utiliza??o das referidas medidas nos julgamento perante aquela Corte.
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Ouvrard, Benjamin. "Les nudges dans la régulation environnementale : alternative ou complément aux instruments monétaires ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB011/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une modélisation de la réaction à un nudge (basé sur l'annonce de la contribution socialement optimale), dans le cadre de la régulation environnementale. Nous comparons l'efficacité de cet instrument à celle d'une taxe. Nous testons les prédictions théoriques obtenues à l'aide d'une expérience en laboratoire. Nous montrons que la réaction à notre nudge dépend de la sensibilité environnementale des sujets, contrairement à la taxe. Dans une autre expérience, nous testons la persistance des effets de ces instruments sur le long terme. Nous considérons également la mise en place d'un instrument mixte (taxe et nudge), afin de faire prendre conscience aux sujets (à l'aide du nudge) qu'ils sont taxés, car leur comportement n'est pas optimal. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous étendons l'analyse précédente en considérant des agents arrangés dans des réseaux fixes, et nous analysons les conséquences de la mise en place de notre nudge sur les équilibres de contributionIn this thesis, we propose to mode! individuals' reaction to a nudge, based on the announcement of the socially optimal contribution. We want to compare the efficiency of this incentive, with the efficiency of a tax to improve environmental quality. We test the theoretical predictions we obtained in a laboratory experiment. We show that the reaction to our nudge depends on subjects' environmental sensitivity, contrary to the tax. ln a second experiment, we test the existence of persistent effects of these two instruments in the long term. We also consider a mix tool (tax and nudge), to raise subjects' awareness (with the nudge) that they are taxed because their behaviour is not optimal. ln the last chapter, we extend our analysis considering agents arranged in fixed networks. We analyze how the equilibria are shaped under the implementation of our nudge
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Carlin, Marcelo. "As Alternativas à Prisão: uma abordagem a partir da emergência do Estado Socioambiental, da Sustentabilidade e suas dimensões e da Humanização da Pena na Pós-Modernidade." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/114349.
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A presente tese, com o título “As Alternativas à Prisão: uma abordagem a partir da emergência do Estado Socioambiental, da Sustentabilidade e suas dimensões e da Humanização da Pena na Pós-Modernidade”, está inserida na linha de pesquisa Estado, Transnacionalidade e Sustentabilidade do Programa de Doutorado em Ciências Jurídicas da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí – Univali, no Brasil, em dupla titulação com o programa de Doutorado em Direito da Universidade de Alicante – UA, da Espanha. O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar as Sanções Penais, com base em uma reflexão histórica e crítica sobre o uso excessivo da Pena de Prisão, e verificar sua compatibilidade com o princípio da Sustentabilidade e também com a Humanização da Pena na Pós-Modernidade. Com isso buscam-se sugestões para a construção de um novo modelo de aplicação de Sanções Penais, com ênfase na prevenção criminal, em Alternativas Penais, assistência ao egresso, atenção às vítimas e infratores com transtorno mental ou uso de drogas, como forma de reducir a alta taxa de reincidência e conter o crescimento do crime organizado nas prisões brasileiras. A questão é relevante e justificada no cenário atual do crime no Brasil, cujas taxas elevadas afetam toda a Sociedade, causando um sentimento de insegurança generalizada e altos custos para o país. O conceito dinâmico e social do Direito Penal indica a sua vinculação ao momento histórico e cultural de cada Sociedade, acompanhando as alterações sociais, econômicas, culturais e tecnológicas. Em mundo em metamorfose são tantas e tão intensas transformações que é difícil vislumbrar como será o Direito Penal em poucos anos. Percebe-se o seu crescente e insustentável expansionismo, consequência de um irracionalismo legislativo, influenciado pela mídia e precipitado por uma Sociedade que quer respostas rápidas e imediatistas para problemas complexos. Para reverter ese quadro é preciso pensar em um Modelo Humano, Inteligente e Sustentável. Nenhuma Sociedade conseguiu renunciar ao Direito Penal, porém, na Pósmodernidade, é preciso desenvolvê-lo de forma racional e excepcional, como ultima ratio.
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Ramirez, cobo Ines. "l’incertitude comme levier de co-construction au prisme du projet urbain : L'émergence d'un mode de conception "transitionnel" des espaces urbains : entre pratiques institutionnelles et pratiques alternatives." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH023/document.
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Les crises actuelles de l’économie, mais aussi de la démocratie représentative, impactent fortement les processus de conception de la ville contemporaine, les faisant passer d’un modèle de planification traditionnelle (rationnel et hiérarchique) à un modèle consensuel fondé sur la négociation, la communication et l’interaction entre les différents acteurs du territoire. Le mode projet, en tant que mode de conception privilégié des espaces urbains, récupère à notre sens une bonne partie des limitations et des paradoxes d’une planification urbaine confrontée à un contexte de plus en plus complexe. L’étude de plusieurs interventions urbaines en France et en Espagne, conçues avec différents degrés d’incertitude, nous fournira des conditions qui permettront de discuter d’un renouvellement des pratiques de conception des espaces urbains, en même temps que nous nous interrogerons sur la pertinence de continuer à penser la ville « en mode projet ».Notre objectif de recherche concerne donc la définition d’un mode de conception alternatif et transitionnel, incorporant de l’incertitude. Celui-ci s’appuie sur la co-construction d’un projet-processus collectif, soutenu par l’expérimentation, la schématisation et la démocratisation des pratiques de conception, que nous appelons « Projet Urbain Stochastique »The current crises of the economy, but also of representative democracy, influence strongly the contemporary design processes of city, moving them from a traditional planning model (rational and hierarchical) to a consensual model based on negotiation, communication and interaction between several stakeholders in the territory.The “project mode”, as a preferred way of designing urban spaces, recovers a good part of limitations and paradoxes of urban planning confronted with an increasingly complex context.The study of several urban interventions in France and Spain, conceived with different degrees of uncertainty, will provide us with conditions that will allow us to discuss a renewal of the design practices of urban spaces, at the same time that we will question the relevance to continue thinking about city in “project mode”.Our research goal therefore concerns the definition of an alternative and transitional design mode, incorporating uncertainty. This latter is based on the co-construction of a collective project-process, supported by the experimentation, schematization and democratization of design practices, which we call "Stochastic Urban Project"
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Grimbert, Philippe. "Étude des gènes surexprimés au cours du syndrome néphrotique à lésions glomérulaires minimes." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002111000204611&vid=upec.
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Le syndrome néphrotique à lésions glomérulaires minimes (SNLGM) est une glomérulopathie fréquente dont l’étiologie est inconnue. Afin d’isoler les gènes activés au cours des phases actives de la maladie, nous avons entrepris la construction et le criblage différentiel d’une banque d’ADN complémentaire réalisé à partir des cellules mononuclées du sang périphérique d’un patient. L’étude de certains des gènes ainsi isolés a permis l’identification d’une voie de signalisation recrutée dans les lymphocytes T des patients en poussée de SNLGM impliquant une nouvelle protéine adaptatrice que nous avons appelé Tc-mip (c-maf inducing protéin). Nous avons également mis en évidence une anomalie de maturation de certains ARN messagers dans les lymphocytes T des patients liée à un défaut d’expression des SR protéines SRp75 et SRp 40. Ces travaux permettent, grâce à la stratégie utilisée, une progression significative dans notre compréhension de l’immunopathologie du SNLGMMinimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is a giomerulopathy of unknown origin. In order to identify gene involved in the disase, we performed a substractive cDNA library from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MCNS patient. This strategy Iead us to identify a new signaling pathway in T lymphocyte from MCNS patient including a new cytosolic adaptor protein we named Tc-mip (c-maf inducing protein). We also identify abnomalities in mRNA maturation during MCNS relapse, related to a lack of expression of two SR proteins (SRp4O and SRp75) involved in mRNA splicing. This study highlight the immunopathogeny of MCNS
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Lavigne, Juliana Coelho de. "Alternativas ? pris?o preventiva : em busca de redu??o de danos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4809.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-14A disserta??o alternativas ? pris?o preventiva: em busca de redu??o de danos trata da necessidade de um resgate das categorias pr?prias do processo penal, abandonando a doutrina civilista em mat?ria cautelar, uma vez que seu requisito ? o fumus comissi delicti e seu fundamento o periculum libertatis e n?o o fumus boni iuris e o periculum in mora. Desenvolver? a compatibiliza??o entre a presun??o de inoc?ncia, presun??o de n?o-culpabilidade e a pris?o preventiva, trazendo a principiologia como solu??o, abordando o princ?pio da dignidade da pessoa humana como princ?pio reitor do ordenamento jur?dico, da legalidade, jurisdicionalidade, instrumentalidade, provisionalidade, provisoriedade, excepcionalidade e proporcionalidade. Trar? a realidade carcer?ria e a necessidade de a Constitui??o efetivamente constituir, bem como a forma como o assunto ? tratado nos diplomas internacionais e na legisla??o brasileira, para ent?o analisar o projeto que est? em tramita??o no Congresso Nacional sobre o assunto, Projeto de Lei 4.208-C de 2001.
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Christy, Donna. "The Influence of School Discipline Approaches on Suspension Rates." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5995.
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A free and appropriate public education is promised to every child in the United States. However, zero tolerance school discipline policies have broken that promise, pushing students out of the classroom and into the school-to-prison pipeline. Despite the growing body of research demonstrating negative social and economic impacts of exclusionary discipline, public school administrators have been slow to adopt innovative policies that provide rehabilitative alternatives. The purpose of this study was to compare, using the consequences of innovations application of Rogers's diffusion of innovations theory, the impact of various school district approaches to school discipline on suspension rates while controlling for race and socioeconomic status. This study used a quantitative, nonexperimental, nonequivalent groups, posttest-only research design using secondary analysis of data reported by 218 school districts in a New England state for the 2016-17 school year. Analysis of covariance indicated that there is a significant relationship between approaches to school discipline and suspension rates when controlling for racial and socioeconomic composition (p < .05). Race and economic disadvantage significantly influenced suspension rates (p < .001), and districts implementing alternatives differed significantly in their racial and socioeconomic compositions (p < .001). Policy implications include the promotion of alternative approaches to school discipline. Implications for social change include evidence to support the work of those addressing the needs underlying student behavior rather than crime and punishment models to produce safe and supportive schools and dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline.
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Vargas, Robson de. "A aplica??o de medidas cautelares alternativas ? pris?o preventiva nos crimes de tr?fico de drogas." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4948.
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-18Housed in the area of concentration and Criminal Violence System and with the line of research the Legal and Penal Systems Contemporaries of the Graduate Program in Criminal Sciences (PPGCCrim), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC / RS), this study sought to examine the application of alternative protective measures in drug trafficking crimes, in order to identify the criteria chosen by the courts for their choice and suitability keep precautionary principles, and respect for the instrumental purpose that is the object of procedural prison. Thus, it was first presented an overview of the general theory of precautionary detention, in order to determine the elements on its structure and function in criminal proceedings Brazil. So initially analyzed the concept and subject of the arrest precaution, your requirement and foundation, followed by an appreciation of the principles applicable to the subject, on the basis of precautionary imprisonment for criminal proceedings and the effects that may arise from its application. In addition, we also analyzed the species of alternative protective measures, a study that addressed the historical and dogmatic, followed by an assessment of the bail and their legal status. Finally, we presented some considerations about understanding the STF and STJ on provisional release to the crime of drug trafficking, as well as the possibility of interim measures of protection alternatives for these offenses, and was presented quantitative data obtained from analysis of Habeas Corpus judged by the Criminal Chambers of the Courts of Justice of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paran?, which propose that the application of the precautionary alternatives in cases of drug trafficking constitutes an exception, especially because they are considered inadequate and inadequate in the face of violation of the guarantee of public order, and its limited application, as a rule, for those crimes in which the defendant is primary and a good record, having fixed residence, lawful work and engage small amount of drugs seized
Inserido na ?rea de concentra??o Sistema Penal e Viol?ncia e tendo como linha de pesquisa os Sistemas Jur?dico-Penais Contempor?neos do Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Criminais (PPGCCrim) da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC/RS), o presente estudo buscou examinar a aplica??o das medidas cautelares alternativas nos crimes de tr?fico de drogas, de maneira a identificar se os crit?rios eleitos pelos tribunais para a sua escolha e adequa??o guardam respeito ? principiologia cautelar e ? finalidade instrumental que ? o objeto da pris?o processual. Deste modo, primeiramente foi apresentado um panorama sobre a teoria geral da pris?o cautelar, a fim de apurar os elementos sobre a sua estrutura e fun??o no processo penal brasileiro. Assim, inicialmente se analisou o conceito e objeto da pris?o cautelar, seu requisito e fundamento, seguindo-se a uma aprecia??o sobre os princ?pios aplic?veis ao tema, sobre a fun??o da pris?o cautelar para o processo penal e os efeitos que podem advir da sua aplica??o. Al?m disso, foram analisadas tamb?m as esp?cies de medidas cautelares alternativas, num estudo que abordou aspectos hist?ricos e dogm?ticos, seguindo-se a uma aprecia??o sobre a liberdade provis?ria e o seu regime jur?dico. Por fim, foram apresentadas algumas considera??es sobre o entendimento do STF e do STJ sobre a concess?o da liberdade provis?ria ao crime de tr?fico de drogas, bem como a possibilidade de aplica??o de medidas cautelares alternativas para esses delitos, bem como foi apresentado dados quantitativos obtidos da an?lise de Habeas Corpus julgados pelas C?maras Criminais dos Tribunais de Justi?a do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paran?, que permitiram observar que a aplica??o das cautelares alternativas nos casos de tr?fico de drogas constitui-se em uma exce??o, especialmente por serem consideradas inadequadas e insuficientes em face da viola??o da garantia da ordem p?blica, estando sua aplica??o restrita, via de regra, para aqueles crimes em que o acusado ? prim?rio e de bons antecedentes, possuindo resid?ncia fixa, trabalho l?cito e envolver pequena quantidade de droga apreendida