Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alternative to prison

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Alternative to prison'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alternative to prison"

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Zevallos, Julio César Magán. "Overcrowding in the Peruvian prison system." International Review of the Red Cross 98, no. 903 (December 2016): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383117000649.

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AbstractIn this contribution the author examines overcrowding, one of the chronic problems that affect the prison system in Peru. First, the topic of the growth of the prison population during a determined period of years is addressed. Then, the author discusses three options for avoiding or controlling overcrowding in prisons: sending fewer people to prison, increasing the release of prisoners, and expanding existing prisons or building new ones. Finally, the article presents alternative measures of limiting freedom other than sending people to prison, and proposes a long-term solution which includes the participation of different sectors of the Peruvian government.
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Rafter, Nicole Hahn. "Gender, Prisons, and Prison History." Social Science History 9, no. 3 (1985): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015078.

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Since the publication in 1936 of Blake McKelvey’s American Prisons (1972), social historians have developed a sizeable body of work that traces, and in some cases tries to explain, the evolution of U.S. penal institutions. These studies are important for what they tell us about perceptions of social problems in the past. They also have policy implications, indicating the historical roots of current dilemmas and alternative approaches to penal problems. Nearly all of these studies are limited, however, by their blindness to gender differences between prisons for men and women. Written mainly by men, prison histories have focused nearly exclusively on male prisoners. Perhaps their authors would argue that this bias is natural and insignificant since over time the vast majority of prisoners have been male. But by overlooking the variable of gender, prison historians have ignored an important influence on the nature and development of penal institutions.
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Dean, Erin. "A nursing alternative to prison." Nursing Standard 28, no. 6 (October 9, 2013): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2013.10.28.6.20.s25.

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SUTTON, A. J., N. J. GAY, W. J. EDMUNDS, and O. N. GILL. "Modelling alternative strategies for delivering hepatitis B vaccine in prisons: the impact on the vaccination coverage of the injecting drug user population." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 12 (March 17, 2008): 1644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000502.

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SUMMARYSince 2001 hepatitis B vaccination has been offered to prisoners on reception into prisons in England and Wales. However, short campaigns of vaccinating the entire population of individual prisons have achieved high vaccination coverage for limited periods, suggesting that short campaigns may be a preferable way of vaccinating prisoners. A model is used that describes the flow of prisoners through prisons stratified by injecting status to compare a range of vaccination scenarios that describe vaccination on prison reception or via regular short campaigns. Model results suggest that vaccinating on prison reception can capture a greater proportion of the injecting drug user (IDU) population than the comparable campaign scenarios (63% vs. 55·6% respectively). Vaccination on prison reception is also more efficient at capturing IDUs for vaccination than vaccination via a campaign, although vaccination via campaigns may have a role with some infections for overall control.
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Lanza-Kaduce, Lonn, Karen F. Parker, and Charles W. Thomas. "A Comparative Recidivism Analysis of Releasees from Private and Public Prisons." Crime & Delinquency 45, no. 1 (January 1999): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128799045001002.

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This research compared the recidivism rates of groups of releasees from privately and publicly operated prisons. The study consisted of 198 male releasees from two private facilities in Florida who were precision matched with releasees from public prisons. Recidivism over one year was measured in alternative ways. The private prison group had lower rates of recidivism. Those released from private prisons who reoffended committed less serious subsequent offenses than did their public prison counterparts. The two groups were similar in how long it took for rearrest or for the first recidivism event to occur.
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Keay, Nerissa. "Home Detention—An Alternative to Prison?" Current Issues in Criminal Justice 12, no. 1 (July 2000): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2000.12036180.

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Rivaldy, Muhammad Fauzar, and Mety Rahmawati. "KONSEP SANKSI PIDANA PENJARA CICILAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMENJARAAN BARU DALAM UPAYA MENGATASI OVER CAPACITY/KELEBIHAN KAPASITAS DI DALAM LEMBAGA PERMASYARAKATAN." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v1i1.2159.

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Law is a rule that applies to every country which has been arranged expressly and applied to society governing all actions from every society and in essence the law is nothing but protection of human interest, in the form of rule or norm. Criminal law is a rule that regulates the act that should not be done, which if violated will be subject to criminal sanctions imprisonment. Prisons are a place to give treatment to the offenders. But at this time the prison is not able to provide the maximum treatment, and prisons today have many problems that occur, namely one of over-capacity. The government has not been able to provide solutions to the problems that occur in prisons, but the current legal reform, especially the criminal law is expected to overcome the problems that occur in the prison, so as to reduce the over-capacity that occurs in prison. In the RKUHP there is one article that regulates the imposition of criminal in a different way that is imprisonment executed by way of installment, Alternative to imprisonment which is expected to reduce the over-capacity that occurs in prison.
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Hughes, Sam. "Release Within Confinement: An Alternative Proposal for Managing the Masturbation of Incarcerated Men in U.S. Prisons." Journal of Positive Sexuality 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51681/1.611.

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Policies regarding masturbation among incarcerated men vary throughout the United States. To describe the state of these policies, a systematic review of prison masturbation policies was conducted. The review revealed that masturbation among incarcerated men is banned in most U.S. prisons (sometimes in all cases, and other times only when it is intended to disturb others, and/or is public). Furthermore, many states’ Departments of Corrections have made these policies difficult for the public to identify. Prison masturbation bans have been defended on the grounds that they reduce STI transmission, help maintain order, prevent hostile work environments for female prison staff, assist in prison rape prosecutions, and assist in rehabilitating incarcerated people. By reviewing the available social science and endocrinological research on masturbation, those justifications are found to have minimal basis in scientific evidence. Conversely, the evidence does suggest the masturbation bans could potentially be linked with higher rates of violence, rape, exploitation, sex offender recidivism, insomnia, stress, depression, and suicide. Instead of being rooted in evidence, bans on prison masturbation seem to be primarily motivated by sex-negativity and the desire to retributively punish incarcerated people. To alleviate these harms, this article suggests allowing incarcerated men to masturbate within specifically identified circumstances, and/or to lessen existing punishments for masturbation. Potential problems with the implementation of the suggested policy are discussed, and a call is made to make inmate handbooks, which contain most of these policies, available to the public. Unique opportunities for penological and sexological research are identified.
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Einat, Tomer. "Shock-Incarceration Programs in Israeli Sanctioning Policy: Toward a New Model of Punishment." Israel Law Review 36, no. 1 (2002): 147–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122370001791x.

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Issues such as prison overcrowding, a growing realization that prisons cannot rehabilitate, and the belief that many inmates could be adequately managed in less intrusive and costly settings, have led Israeli scholars and practitioners, in the last four decades, to devote efforts to the development of alternative sanctions to imprisonment. Specifically, the focus has been on the development and elaboration of alternative sanctions that match the severity of punishment to the seriousness of the crime.Intermediate sanctions (also called “alternative sanctions,” “alternatives to imprisonment,” or “community-based sanctions”) have been proposed as “ways to manage the burgeoning numbers of offenders without sacrificing public safety.” These punishment options are considered to fall on a continuum between traditional probation supervision and traditional incarceration.
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Scott, David, and Helena Gosling. "Before Prison, Instead of Prison, Better Than Prison: Therapeutic Communities as an Abolitionist Real Utopia?" International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i1.282.

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The aim of this paper is to critically engage with the idea that Therapeutic Communities (TCs) can be promoted in England and Wales as a radical alternative to prison for substance users who have broken the law. After grounding the discussion within the normative framework of an ‘abolitionist real utopia’ (Scott 2013), the article explores the historical and theoretical underpinnings of TCs. Existing literature advocating TCs as a radical alternative both before and instead of prison is then reviewed, followed by a critical reflection of the TCs compatibility with the broader values and principles of an abolitionist real utopia. To conclude, the article suggests that, although TCs could be a plausible and historically immanent non-penal real utopia for certain people in certain circumstances, we must not lose focus of wider social inequalities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternative to prison"

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Brown, Amy S. "Rehabilitation in Prison: An Examination of Prison Animal Programs." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1452118256.

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Brocato, Jolae. "Predictors of client retention in alternative to prison substance abuse programs." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1887.

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Increased treatment retention among substance abusing individuals has been associated with reduced drug use, fewer arrests, and decreased unemployment, as well as a reduction in health risk behaviors. This longitudinal study examined the predictors of client retention for alternative to prison substance abuse treatment programs through assessing the roles of motivational factors and the client-worker relationship. The sample was comprised of 141 male felony offenders who were legally mandated to community based long-term residential drug treatment programs. The primary measures used in the study were the consecutive days a participant remained in treatment, Stages of Change Readiness Model and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), and The Readiness Ruler. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted for four hypotheses (a) participants who are more motivated to change at the time of entry will remain in treatment longer, (b) participants who have a strong therapeutic alliance will remain in treatment a greater number of consecutive days than participants who have weaker therapeutic alliance, (c) motivation to change, as measured at treatment entry, will be positively related to therapeutic alliance, (d) during the course of treatment variation in motivation to change will be predicted by the therapeutic alliance. Results support the following conclusions: Among clients in alternative-to prison programs the number of days in treatment is positively related to their motivation to change. The therapeutic alliance is not a predictor of the number of days in treatment. Motivation to change, particularly recognition of a drug problem, is positively related to the therapeutic alliance. Changes in motivation to change in response to treatment are positively related to the therapeutic alliance among clients in an alternative to prison substance abuse treatment programs. These results carry forward prior research and have implications for social work practice, research, and social welfare policy.
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Phelps, Chasidy. "Student Perspectives of Alternative Schools as Facilitators and Barriers for Positive Disciplinary Outcomes." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5930.

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Inconsistent findings within the existing literature tend to confuse the ability of behavior-focused alternative schools to address behavior problems of at-risk juveniles. Recent studies have suggested that juveniles who successfully commit to greater self-regulation skills display both academic success and positive classroom behavior. Although self-regulation skills have been positively associated with behavioral success among juveniles placed in behavior-focused alternative schools, it remains unclear as to what aspects of these programs that juveniles experience as facilitating the development of such skills. This phenomenological study used semistructured interviews of 5 students in Grades 10 through 12 enrolled in a behavior-focused alternative school to improve the understanding of how juveniles experience and perceive alternative school programs as facilitating the development of self-regulation skills in promotion of positive behavior outcomes. Structural functionalist theory provided an appropriate lens through which data of juvenile experiences and perceptions of the functions of an alternative school program could be interpreted. Data analysis consisted of a process of open coding, categorizing, and interpreting data for meaning. The findings of the current study revealed that when aspects of alternative schools function to develop reasoning skills and a willingness to adhere to school standards, such functions may be beneficial in juvenile commitment to behavioral self-regulation. The data provided by this study may be valuable for stakeholders and policymakers in assessing the influence of behavior-focused alternative schools.
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Rhodes, Randall Gene. "The Effect of the Missouri Safe School Act of 1997 on Alternative Education Students: A Qualitative Analysis." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/761.

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Because of a perceived increase in school related violence, a political reaction occurred in Missouri that led in 1997 to the Missouri Safe Schools Act. This new law significantly changed school disciplinary policy and allowed administrators to move large groups of students to alternative education programs, or expel them to the streets. The purpose of this qualitative study was to learn from students who attended at least one year in an alternative education program about their experiences. I interviewed 26 former students and another 14 former students entered into the conversation by posting their thoughts on a Facebook site for alumni of a specific alternative program. The 40 former students shared common stories that indicated their confusion, a misuse of power by the school district, and a lack of due process surrounding the events that led to their suspensions. At the same time, they shared many stories of relationships, kindnesses, and empathy that they experienced from the alternative school teachers and administrators. Results point to the need for families to educate themselves (and sometimes resist) arbitrary decisions made by school personnel, and the importance of teacher and administrator selection for alternative school programs.
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Wiboonsamai, Sakwut. "La justice restaurative : étude comparée du droit thaïlandais et du droit français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32047.

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L’émergence de la justice restaurative est le résultat d’une certaine inefficacité de la justice pénale classique. Le concept de la justice restaurative propose de répondre d’une façon novatrice à la criminalité et aux conflits. La justice restaurative se révèle être aujourd’hui une voie prometteuse de consolidation de l’harmonie sociale. Elle cherche à soutenir toutes les personnes impliquées (les victimes, les délinquants et les membres de la communauté), à leur donner des possibilités de participer et de communiquer et ainsi à favoriser une démarche de réparation afin de rétablir les liens sociaux brisés suite à l’infraction. Ces travaux de thèse ont pour objectif de connaître et comprendre la justice restaurative, les modalités et les mesures rencontrées notamment en France et en Thaïlande. À cet effet, nous avons posé deux questions centrales, à savoir : Quel est le cadre général et juridique de la justice restaurative ? ainsi que : Quelles sont les mesures existantes déclinées pour la mise en œuvre de la justice restaurative ? Grâce aux réponses apportées à ces questions, nous pourrons mieux connaître et comprendre la justice restaurative en France et en Thaïlande
The emergence of restorative justice is the result of inefficiency of the classic criminal justice process. The concept of restorative justice offers innovative approach to crime and conflict. It appears to be a promising way to consolidate social harmony by supporting all the people involved (victims, offenders and community members). Restorative justice gives them opportunities to participate and communicate; and encourages a process of repair in order to mend the broken society bonds caused by offense. The aim of this thesis is to know about and understand terms and measures encountered during restorative justice programme in Thailand and in France. To do this, we need to answer two questions: what are the general and legal frameworks of restorative justice? and what are the existing measures implemented on the restorative justice? The answers of these questions should give us a better understanding of the restorative justice of both countries
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Caldwell, Jimmy R. Jr. "“I Use to Pray and Ask God to Give Me Another Chance”: A Phenomenological Analysis of Black Males’ Journey Attending an Alternative School." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7003.

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Research suggests that there still exists a disproportionate number of Black males who have contact with juvenile justice systems across this nation (Nance, 2016). The disproportionate placement of students of color, specifically, Black American males in alternative schools, serves as the gateway to the school-to-prison-pipeline (Pelzer, 2012). This study examined the lived educational experiences of two Black American juvenile males, who enrolled in an alternative school in the Southeast. This study incorporated phenomenological and narrative methods and provides rich, descriptive analyses of the participants’ experiences while attending an alternative school. Findings from this study revealed instability among the participants’ home life and education, encounters with law enforcement and an early age, varying experiences attending an alternative school, and feelings of uncertain hope displayed by the participants regarding their future lives.
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Junior, Alceu Corrêa. "Monitoramento eletrônico de penas e alternativas penais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-20062013-132709/.

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A busca por alternativas à prisão é antiga, e a vigilância eletrônica surgiu como uma solução tecnológica. O contexto cultural dos Estados Unidos no fim do século XX propiciou o surgimento do monitoramento eletrônico, influenciado também pelo utilitarismo e pela cultura do controle do delito. O monitoramento deve respeitar os princípios do Estado Democrático de Direito (dignidade humana) e estar vinculado aos fins preventivos da pena (prevenção especial positiva). Por si só não reduz a população carcerária e não diminui a reincidência, mas as vantagens econômicas e os bons resultados obtidos por outros países não podem ser desprezados. Assim, a experiência estrangeira revela bons resultados no uso da vigilância junto a programas de acompanhamento social. No Brasil, o monitoramento eletrônico foi introduzido por lei na execução penal e como medida cautelar. Interessante seria que fosse estabelecido como modo de execução da prisão (alternativa aos estabelecimentos penitenciários). Poderia ser previsto ainda para a execução das penas restritivas de direitos que demandam fiscalização, consolidando um sistema alternativo de penas capaz de promover a prevenção e substituir o cárcere para delitos menores. O monitoramento eletrônico restringe direitos fundamentais e, assim, deve ser previsto em lei, limitado à restrição imposta, aplicado se necessário e com a menor visibilidade possível.
The search for alternatives to prison is old, and electronic surveillance has emerged as a technological solution. The cultural context of the United States at the end of the twentieth century has propitiated the emergence of electronic monitoring, also influenced by utilitarism and by the culture of offense control. Monitoring should respect the principles of Democratic Rule of Law (human dignity) and to be linked to the preventive purposes of sentence (positive special prevention). By itself it does not decrease the prison population and it does not reduce recidivism, but the economic gains and the good results obtained by other countries can not be ignored. Thus, foreign experience shows good results in the use of surveillance along with programs of social support. In Brazil, the electronic monitoring was introduced by law in criminal enforcement and as a precautionary measure. It would be interesting if it could be established as a way of prison enforcement (alternative to prisons). It could be also expected to enforce restrictive penalties of rights that require monitoring, consolidating an alternative system of penalties that can promote prevention and replace the prison for minor offenses. The electronic monitoring restricts fundamental rights and thus it should be provided by law, limited to the restriction, applied when it is necessary with the least visibility.
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Lemos, Clécio José Morandi de Assis. "Política criminal no Brasil neoliberal." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3848.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Esta dissertação parte da compreensão dos sistemas punitivos em meio às estruturas sociais, demonstrando que o uso da coerção pública é um dos pilares fundamentais dos Estados modernos. Sustenta a necessidade de se desvendar os discursos ideológicos que legitimam o poder de criminalização, a fim de politizar o contexto das punições e alcançar a sua função latente. Concentra-se nas características específicas do Estado brasileiro instalado a partir da década de 1990, seguindo a trilha do Leviatã dos EUA neoliberal instaurado desde a década de 1980. Constata a correlação entre os sistemas punitivos brasileiro e norte-americano, com seus extensos campos de controle e semelhantes pensamentos criminológicos. Por fim, encontra a real funcionalidade das penas no Neoliberalismo, conformando um método de promover e manter as políticas econômicas e sociais típicas de sua conjuntura, manejando a insegurança social decorrente do desemprego estrutural, precarização do trabalho, aprofundamento da miséria e desigualdade.
This dissertation starts form the comprehension of the punitive systems amid social structures, demonstrating that the use of public coercion is one of the fundamental pillars of the modern States. Holds the necessity of unveiling the ideological speeches that legitimize the power of criminalization, toward politicize the punishment context and reach its latent function. Concentrates in the specific characteristics of the brazilian State installed from the decade of 1990, following the trail of the USA neoliberal Leviathan established since de decade of 1980. Notes the correlation between the brazilian and north-american punitive systems, with their extensive fields of control and similar criminological thoughts. In the end, find the real functionality of the criminal penalty in the Neoliberalism, conforming a method to promote and keep the economic and social policy typical of the conjuncture, managing the social insecurity due to the structural unemployment, precarious work, deepening of misery and inequality.
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Marcellin, Amélie. "Essai d'une théorie générale de la substitution en matière pénale." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3043/document.

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Du supin latin « substituere », la substitution désigne le fait de « mettre une personne ou une chose à la place d’une autre pour lui faire jouer le même rôle ». Utilisé dans de nombreux domaines, juridiques ou non, le mécanisme est actuellement intéressant en matière de lutte contre la surpopulation carcérale et la lenteur de la procédure pénale. Aussi, concernant le prononcé des peines, la substitution substantielle parfaite permet au juge pénal de remplacer la peine d’emprisonnement encourue par une peine non privative de liberté. Celle imparfaite octroie au juge le droit de prononcer un aménagement de peine, un sursis avec mise à l’épreuve ou un sursis avec obligation d’accomplir un travail d’intérêt général. Quant au procès pénal, la substitution procédurale parfaite conduit à l’évitement de ce procès par la mise en œuvre d’alternatives aux poursuites. Celle imparfaite consiste enfin à modifier certaines règles relatives au procès pénal afin d’accélérer la procédure et de renforcer son efficacité. Malgré ses avantages, la substitution, en matière pénale, n’est pas suffisamment connue ni maîtrisée par les professionnels et théoriciens. Ceux-ci dénoncent le manque de clarté et de précisions dans les règles relatives au mécanisme. Les ambiguïtés existantes nuisent à sa pertinence. Il est donc intéressant de s’interroger sur la possibilité de définir la substitution et d’en établir une théorie générale
From the Latin supine « substituere », substitution means to « replace someone (or something) by another one (or thing) to make him (or it) play the same role ». Used in several fields, legal or not, the mechanism is currently interesting regarding fight against prison overpopulation and slowness in criminal procedure. By the way, concerning the punishments, the « perfect » substantial substitution allows the penal judge to replace the prison term by a noncustodial sentence. With the « imperfect » substitution, the judge can give the delinquent a sentencing reduction, a suspended sentence with probation or a suspended sentence with community services. As for the penal trial, the « perfect » procedural substitution allows to avoid it. Alternative to judicial proceedings accelerate the procedure. The « imperfect » substitution allows to modify some rules related to the penal trial in order to strengthen its efficiency. In spite of its advantages, the substitution is not known and mastered enough by the professionals and the theorists. They denounce the lack of clarity and precision in rules relating to substitution. The current ambiguities damage its suitability. It is thus interesting to wonder about defining and establishing a general theory of substitution in penal case
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Baldridge, Amy Jean. "When Their Stories Aren't Your Stories - Males from Poverty in Alternative Schools." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1574389252362262.

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Books on the topic "Alternative to prison"

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Junger-Tas, J. Alternatives to prison sentences: Experiences and developments. [The Hague]: RDC, Ministry of Justice, 1994.

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Economy, Commission on California State Government Organization and. Boot camps: An evolving alternative to traditional prison. Sacramento, CA (660 J St., Suite 260, Sacramento 95814): Little Hoover Commission, 1995.

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Peterson, Lorna. Alternative sentencing: A checklist. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1990.

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Elenbaas, David. Alternative sanctions: A review : a report. Helena, Mont: The Council, 1988.

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Elenbaas, David. Alternative sanctions: A review : a report. Helena, Mont: The Council, 1988.

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Harry, Graham. Prison preview, or, Who really killed Sybil? Alexandria, Ind. (R. 4, Box 117, Alexandria, 46001): H. Graham, 1991.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management. Federal role in promoting and using special alternative incarceration: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, January 29, 1990 (Lansing, MI); March 1, 1990 (Washington, DC). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Alternatives to prisons. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011.

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Stern, Vivien. Alternatives to prison in developing countries. London: International Centre for Prison Studies, Kings College London, 1999.

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Audits, California Bureau of State. California Department of Corrections: Its plans to build a new condemned-inmate complex at San Quentin are proceeding, but its analysis of alternative locations and costs was incomplete. Sacramento, Calif: California State Auditor, Bureau of State Audits, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alternative to prison"

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Norman, Mark. "Prison Yoga as a Correctional Alternative?: Physical Culture, Rehabilitation, and Social Control in Canadian Prisons." In Alternative Offender Rehabilitation and Social Justice, 78–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137476821_5.

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Moody, Susan, and Adrian Carr. "Alternatives to Prison." In Imprisonment Today, 172–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08897-3_11.

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Clutterbuck, Richard. "Prison and Alternatives." In Public Safety and Civil Liberties, 169–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25366-1_14.

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Wacquant, Loïc. "Prisoner reentry as myth and ceremony." In Alternative Criminologies, 386–99. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315158662-23.

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Fernandez-Funez, Pedro, Edward Málaga-Trillo, and Diego E. Rincon-Limas. "Alternative Models of Prion Diseases." In Prions and Diseases, 183–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5338-3_12.

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Sevdiren, Öznur. "Some Reflections on the History and Development of Alternatives to Prison." In Alternatives to Imprisonment in England and Wales, Germany and Turkey, 13–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17351-6_2.

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Causero, A., and A. Beltrame. "L’artroprotesi totale di ginocchio: indicazioni e alternative." In La protesi di ginocchio di primo impianto, 1–22. Milano: Springer Milan, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0379-2_1.

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Shenkin, Evan N. "Prison Abolition: Justice and Sustainable Development Through Alternatives to the Carceral State." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71066-2_135-1.

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Shenkin, Evan N. "Prison Abolition: Justice and Sustainable Development Through Alternatives to the Carceral State." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 719–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95960-3_135.

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Sexton, Jamie. "Prisoner of Cool: Chloë Sevigny, Alternative Stardom and Image Management." In Cult Film Stardom, 73–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137291776_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alternative to prison"

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Bedford, Charlotte. "Can Alternative Media Redefine Public Service Broadcasting? Prison Radio & the BBC." In Annual International Conference on Journalism & Mass Communications. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-3710_jmcomm14.55.

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Gorobeț, Evelina. "Contextual-pandemic adaptation of pedagogical practice in the online environment. Modern guidelines in the professional training of teachers." In Condiții pedagogice de optimizare a învățării în post criză pandemică prin prisma dezvoltării gândirii științifice. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.18-06-2021.p203-209.

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The reflections of this article goal at the professionalization of the teaching career, which is one of the objectives aimed at the quality of education. The current socio-economic dynamics and complexity require continuous adaptability from teachers. They are put in the situation to periodically develop their professional skills, in order to meet both the the updated students’ educational needs, as well as the scientific innovations that result from the research in various fields. An interesting aspect is related to the needs and challenges of teachers in conditions of pandemic coronavirus (SARS CoV-2). The new conditions have imposed the transition of pedagogical practice in the online environment, an alternative adopted in many teacher training programs. As this decision was considered better than a temporary withdrawal from practice, students and their mentors had to adapt. For the future we have another certainty, that the pandemic will not stop very soon. Otherwise, the future is a matter of probability. The topicality of the topic researched in this article lists the professional training, taking into account the endowment of teachers with the necessary skills so that they feel comfortable in all situations that may arise during their teaching activities. Dynamism, flexibility, receptivity to the new and critical reflection on curricular requirements and methodological approach define the modern teaching profession.
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Zubenschi, Mariana. "The Impact of Innovative Technologies on Professional Balance State in pandemic COVID-19." In Condiții pedagogice de optimizare a învățării în post criză pandemică prin prisma dezvoltării gândirii științifice. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.18-06-2021.p39-44.

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Innovative technologies significantly influence the employee's professional balance, at the level of its axes model: "I-I", "I-Profession" and "I-Environment". This relations relays on the divergent psychological structure of professional balance state, which is a representation of the social structure, the way of thinking and the organizational model, where employees play a central role. Where managers, teachers, doctors, nurses, workers, mayors and entrepreneurs have a strong sense of current reality. They can perceive how the workload and time pressure increase, without feeling that the professional finality is achieved. The research of the professional balance and the adaptation of the internal aspects to the external peculiarities of the career will alienate the alternatives of admitting an imbalance and will thus ensure a positive general state, therefore the innovative technologies are perceived both negatively and positively at work. These expressions are current not only on the axes of the professional balance state model, but also on the level of the circular model of career anchors, described by Voss (conservation, openness to change, self-transcendence and effectiveness. Thus, the impact of innovative technologies on professional balance state is no longer an enigma but a fact that can influence the well-being of the employee at work, stressed him or brings out to the brink of emotional burnout. In this article we come up with pros and cons of the impact of innovative technologies on the human psyche.
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Maik, Vivek, Byeongho Moon, and Joonki Paik. "Super resolution through alternative optimization using sparsity and PSF prior." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Asia (ICCE-Asia). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-asia.2016.7804819.

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Kirkpatrick, Michael S., and Chris Mayfield. "Evaluating an Alternative CS1 for Students with Prior Programming Experience." In SIGCSE '17: The 48th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3017680.3017759.

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Bruce, William A., Jared Proegler, Brad Etheridge, Steve Rapp, and Russell Scoles. "An Alternative Approach to Time Delay Prior to Inspection for Hydrogen Cracking." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78305.

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Hydrogen-assisted cracking in welds, which is also referred to as ‘hydrogen cracking’ or ‘delayed cracking,’ often requires time to occur. The reason for this is that time is required for the hydrogen to diffuse to areas with crack susceptible microstructures. Prior to inspection for hydrogen cracking, general good practice indicates that a sufficient delay time should be allowed to elapse — to allow any cracks that are going to form to do so and for the cracks to grow to a detectable size. What is a ‘sufficient’ delay time? Why does a delay time tend to be required for some applications (e.g., installation of a hot tap branch connection) and not for others (e.g., construction of an offshore pipeline from a lay barge)? This paper will address these and other related questions and present the results of recent experimental work on this subject. When determining appropriate delay times prior to inspection, it is important to consider not only the time-dependent nature of hydrogen cracking, but also the expected susceptibility of the weld to cracking. From a time-dependent nature standpoint, longer delay times decrease the chance that cracking can occur after inspection has been completed. From a probability standpoint, if measures can be taken to assure that the probability of cracking is extremely low, then determining an appropriate delay time becomes a moot point. In other words, if the weld is never going to crack, it does not matter when you inspect it. The probability of cracking can be minimized by using more conservative welding procedures (i.e., by designing out the risk of hydrogen cracking during procedure qualification). For example, if hydrogen levels are closely controlled by using low-hydrogen electrodes or a low-hydrogen welding process, or if the hydrogen in a weld made using cellulosic-coated electrodes is allowed to diffuse away after welding by careful application of preheating and slow cooling, or the use of post-weld preheat maintenance (i.e., post-heating), the probability of cracking is significantly reduced, and immediate inspection may be justified. This alternative approach to time delay prior to inspection for hydrogen cracking, which can allow for immediate inspection, will be presented.
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Noordin, M. Farriz, Sylvia Mavis James Berok, Haydn Brent Sinanan, M. Farhan Suratman, Oka Fabian, M. Afzan Mohammad, and M. Raimi Johari. "Successful Deployment of 15Cr OCTG CRA Injection Tubing in Immiscible Water-Alternating-Gas iWAG Wells - First in the World." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21477-ms.

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Abstract PETRONAS has undertaken a large EOR project offshore Malaysia involving the use of Immiscible Water-Alternating-Gas (iWAG) wells for fluid injection. These iWAG injection wells will allow the alternate injection of both treated seawater and hydrocarbon gas. A significant concern for these wells is tubing corrosion resistance and integrity for over a 25-year injection life. The initial conceptual design for the iWAG injection tubing utilized Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) & 25Cr tubing material due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in the injected water. The use of these materials present challenges due to limitations in downhole flow device installation with the GRE tubing and high cost of 25Cr tubing. The project team searched for alternative, fit for purpose materials to meet the project's requirements. Based on the recent PETRONAS success case of 17Cr utilization, the team examined the possibility of using 17Cr or lower grade CRA material for injection purposes. By pioneering the first application of 15Cr OCTG as an iWAG injection tubing material in the world, several risks had to be considered. Additionally, all risks had to be mitigated via various approaches ranging from detailed engineering planning to field execution and operation. The process of selecting this metallurgy involved criteria such as cost, performance, manufacturability and operational execution. The selection methodology included a comprehensive evaluation and recommendation process that consisted of: Evaluation of currently used metallurgical properties and limitations Identification of alternatives based on operating conditions, cost and manufacturing constraints Metallurgy qualification through comprehensive laboratory testing. Conducting tubing installation risk analysis Reviewing tubing operational, intervention and abandonment scenarios throughout the well life cycle The successful selection and installation of 15Cr was attributed to: The metallurgy selection, tubing procurement and installation process involving multidisciplinary and multifunctional groups both internal and external to PETRONAS. Rigorous testing at two separate laboratory facilities yielding test results which met and exceeded the required performance criteria. A 15Cr tubing make up efficiency of 100%. Impressive performance during operations resulting in a gross running speed of 371 ft/hr versus an average pipe running speed of 810 ft/hr. Use of low penetration dies to prevent slippage during tubing connection make up. This was critical since CRA material is very sensitive to scratching during contact with metal equipment. This potential metal scratching can lead to corrosion. On time delivery of 15Cr tubing from the OCTG provider ensuring sufficient time for preparation of completion accessories prior to offshore load out. Utilization of 15Cr as an alternative to Duplex and Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) materials has also contributed a direct cost saving of 27% to the project.
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Lardière, Olivier, John Pazder, Jean-Pierre Véran, and Maaike van Kooten. "Double-Pyramid Wavefront Sensors: Tolerance Relaxation and Cheaper Alternatives using Achromatic Double-Roof Prisms." In Adaptive Optics for Extremely Large Telescopes 5. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26698/ao4elt5.0042.

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Hirst, Gary, and Janaka Y. Ruwanpura. "Simulation Tool to Select the Most Optimum Route for Pipeline Projects." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0685.

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The decisions made during the process of selecting the route of pipeline are very critical to the project. Unfortunately, the decision is often complicated by the numerous variables that must be considered and the uncertainty of estimated costs. When choosing the pipeline route a project manager must balance the likely capital cost of the pipeline with the risks inherent in the chosen route. Ideally, a project manager would investigate numerous alternatives to fully explore the merits of various pipeline routes (including the level of risk) prior to making his final decision. This paper presents a project manager with a simulation tool to effectively and efficiently model the costs associated with various pipeline routes. The model is designed to be user friendly by replicating the usual decision-making process as much as possible. The model uses a graphical interface that promotes the rapid analysis of numerous alternatives and provides opportunities to investigate in detail the various aspects of a pipeline route. The model output includes a calculation of the costs of the alternative, a statistical analysis of the risks of the project and information that can be used to establish the confidence level of a pipeline target price.
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Yagli, Semih, Alex Dytso, and H. Vincent Poor. "Estimation of Bounded Normal Mean: An Alternative Proof for the Discreteness of the Least Favorable Prior." In 2019 IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itw44776.2019.8988927.

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Reports on the topic "Alternative to prison"

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Moilanen, Carolyn. Students in alternative public high schools: educational histories prior to alternative school entry. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.484.

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McAlpin, Jennifer, and Cassandra Ross. Houston Ship Channel Expansion Channel Improvement Project (ECIP) numerical modeling report : BABUS cell and Bird Island analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41581.

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The Houston Ship Channel (HSC) is one of the busiest deep-draft navigation channels in the United States and must be able to accommodate increasing vessel sizes. The US Army Engineer District, Galveston (SWG), requested the Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, perform hydrodynamic and sediment modeling of proposed modifications in Galveston and Trinity Bays and along the HSC. The modeling results are necessary to provide data for hydrodynamic, salinity, and sediment transport analysis. SWG provided three project alternatives that include closing Rollover Pass, Bay Aquatic Beneficial Use System cells, Bird Islands, and HSC modifications. These alternatives and a Base (existing condition) will be simulated for present (2029) and future (2079) conditions. The results of these alternatives/conditions as compared to the Base are presented in this report. The model shows that the mean salinity varies by 2–3 ppt due to the HSC channel modifications and by approximately 5 ppt in the area of East Bay due to the closure of Rollover Pass. The tidal prism increases by 2.5% to 5% in the alternatives. The tidal amplitudes change by less than 0.01 m. The residual velocity vectors vary in and around areas where project modifications are made.
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Lucas, Richard E. Comparing global reports of subjective well-being to experiential measures. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.rev01.

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Subjective well-being (SWB) is an overall evaluation of the quality of a person’slife from his or her own perspective. One common method of assessing thisconstruct requires respondents to think about their life as a whole and to providea “global” evaluation that summarizes across life domains or affective experiencesover extended periods of time. The validity of these global measures has beenchallenged, however; and experiential measures, which ask respondents to reporton their momentary evaluative experiences many times over a constrained timeperiod, have been suggested as a more valid alternative. This paper addresses theempirical evidence for one important challenge to global measures: the possibilitythat temporarily salient information overwhelmingly influences global judgments,reducing their reliability and validity. This paper critiques prior evidence for thischallenge and presents new concerns about the assumed validity of the proposedalternative: experiential measures.
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McAlpin, Jennifer N., and Cassandra G. Ross. Houston Ship Channel Expansion Channel Improvement Project (ECIP) Numerical Modeling Report : Increased Channel Width Analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39739.

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The Houston Ship Channel is one of the busiest deep -draft navigation channels in the United States and must be able to accommodate larger vessel dimensions over time. The U.S. Army Engineer District, Galveston (SWG) requested the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory perform hydrodynamic and sediment modeling of proposed modifications along the Houston Ship Channel. The modeling results are necessary to provide data for salinity and sediment transport analysis a s well as ship simulation studies. SWG provided a project alternative that includes channel widening, deepening, and bend easing. After initial analysis, two additional channel widths in the bay portion of the Houston Ship Channel were requested for testing. The results of these additional channel widths are presented in this report. The model shows that the salinity does not vary significantly due to the channel modifications being considered for this project. Changes in salinity are 2 parts per thousand or less. The tidal prism increases by less than 2% when the project is included, and the tidal amplitudes increase by no more than 0.01 meter. The residual velocity vectors do vary in and around areas where project modifications are made.
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Villa-Mar, Karelia, Andrés Restrepo, and Bárbara Cedillo. Una visión de la gestión penitenciaria en América Latina: A nueve meses del inicio de la pandemia del COVID-19. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003192.

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Este informe documenta las observaciones y conclusiones que surgieron del diálogo técnico, “Gestión penitenciaria en América Latina en tiempos de crisis sanitaria de COVID-19”. En noviembre de 2020, nueve meses después del brote pandémico, participaron en este diálogo las autoridades responsables para el manejo de esta emergencia en los sistemas penitenciarios en varios países de la región. Ellos identificaron cuáles eran los principales desafíos, experiencias y lecciones aprendidas para mejorar la gestión penitenciaria a futuro en los países de la región de cara a la nueva realidad, tomando en consideración los problemas estructurales que tienen los sistemas penitenciarios en la región y colocando en el centro los derechos de las personas privadas de libertad. Informaron que la pandemia del COVID-19 visibilizó y agravó los grandes desafíos que enfrentan las prisiones de América Latina y el Caribe, pero también permitió identificar lecciones aprendidas para acelerar mejoras en la gestión penitenciaria para enfrentar esta y futuras crisis sanitarias, como por ejemplo: la mejor gestión del personal penitenciario para prevenir y mitigar contagios, la consolidación de protocolos de bioseguridad, estrategias de comunicación dentro y fuera de los centros penitenciarios, incrementos en el uso de herramientas tecnológicas para mejorar el acceso a la justicia, medidas alternativas a la prisión, entre otras.
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Schwieger, Alexandra, Kaelee Shrewsbury, and Paul Shaver. Dexmedetomidine vs Fentanyl in Attenuating the Sympathetic Surge During Endotracheal Intubation: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0007.

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Purpose/Background Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation after induction of anesthesia can cause a reflex sympathetic surge of catecholamines caused by airway stimulation. This may cause hypertension, tachycardia, and arrhythmias. This reflex can be detrimental in patients with poor cardiac reserve and can be poorly tolerated and lead to adverse events such as myocardial ischemia. Fentanyl, a potent opioid, with a rapid onset and short duration of action is given during induction to block the sympathetic response. With a rise in the opioid crisis and finding ways to change the practice in medicine to use less opioids, dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, can decrease the release of norepinephrine, has analgesic properties, and can lower the heart rate. Methods In this scoping review, studies published between 2009 and 2021 that compared fentanyl and dexmedetomidine during general anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation of surgical patients over the age of 18 were included. Full text, peer-reviewed studies in English were included with no limit on country of study. The outcomes included post-operative reviews of decrease in pain medication usage and hemodynamic stability. Studies that were included focused on hemodynamic variables such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and use of opioids post-surgery. Result Of 2,114 results from our search, 10 articles were selected based on multiple eligibility criteria of age greater than 18, patients undergoing endotracheal intubation after induction of general anesthesia, and required either a dose of dexmedetomidine or fentanyl to be given prior to intubation. Dexmedetomidine was shown to effectively attenuate the sympathetic surge during intubation over fentanyl. Dexmedetomidine showed a greater reduction in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure than fentanyl, causing better hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing elective surgery.Implications for Nursing Practice Findings during this scoping review indicate that dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective alternative to fentanyl during induction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation in attenuating the hemodynamic response. It is also a safe choice for opioid-free anesthesia.
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The cassava seed system in Nigeria: Opportunities and challenges for policy and regulatory reform. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20202.

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In many African countries south of the Sahara, farmers depend on the cultivation of vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs) for both consumption and commercial purposes. Yet yields for these crops remain at low levels due, in part, to the persistent use of low-quality planting material. Efforts to improve the quality of planting material exchanged in markets or through other channels are often hampered by the unique biological and economic characteristics of vegetative propagation—characteristics that distinguish VPCs from the major cereal crops that drive and shape the policy and investment choices made in many of these countries. This suggests that continued investment in new technologies and systems to produce, package, and distribute VPC planting materials will require customized policies and policy support if these systems are to supply farmers with quality planting material at any significant and sustained scale. This paper explores these issues in the context of the cassava seed system in Nigeria by drawing on (1) prior research, public policy documents, and government statistics; (2) key informant interviews and focus group discussions with seed system actors; and (3) a unique dataset from the 2015 Cassava Monitoring Survey of Nigeria (CMS). The paper examines the production and supply of cassava planting material, the influence of various quality assurance systems on production and supply, and the implications for smallholder farmers in Nigeria. We describe the market, non-market, and regulatory systems that shape the cassava seed market in Nigeria, focusing on effectiveness, influence, and reach. We then explore the ground realities—how farmers actually acquire and use cassava planting material—given the (weak) state of markets and regulation. This is followed by a discussion of alternative policy and regulatory approaches to managing and expanding the cassava seed system, emphasizing a more decentralized approach that prioritizes investment in innovative capacity at the community and enterprise levels.
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