Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alternative sentence to imprisonment'
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Rozycka, Martina. "L’emprisonnement face à l’objectif de réinsertion : l’exemple de la détention ouverte en Allemagne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA010/document.
Although prisons continue to fail at their aim to resocialise offenders, in France prison sentences are widely handed down for minor and serious offences. This thesis analyses the reasons for this failure. Sentences prescribed by the community are not efficient substitutions for imprisonment because of their poor punitive character. Instead of categorically condemning imprisonment and replacing it with probation, it is important to ask how to make imprisonment a more effective resocialisation mechanism. From this, we draw our inspiration from open prisons and reflect on the appropriateness of introducing an intermediate sentence between de rigueur imprisonment and probation, a prison sentence based on trust and executed in a semi-open environment
Bioy, Hélène. "Le jour-amende en droit pénal français." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0022/document.
The day-fine, introduced in France by law n°83-466 of 10 june 1983, is defined as « a fine thatrequires the convicted offender to pay the Treasury a sum of money which results from the judge'sdetermination of a daily contribution for a number of days, and which may be imposed instead of,or in addition to, imprisonment ». This definition ignores the second aspect of the penalty.Specifically, it is possible to order the detention for a period equivalent to the number of unpaidday-fines. This criminal sanction is thus characterized by its material duality which is consistentwith this apparent specificity. However, thirty years after its acceptance in France, it is clear that theday-fine is struggling to find its place within the law enforcement system. Far from having metexpectations when il was introduced, in a context of fighting against short prison sentences, theday-fine seems to be facing a number of difficulties relating to its functioning. Its material duality,which is the biggest advantage, has become a real functional ambiguity. Regrettably, there are anumber of inconsistencies in the legal system. This, highlighted by the study of comparative law,leads to the certainty that the day-fine must be reformed. Also, this research aims to formulate anumber of proposals which could be used as a basis for a debate and a reform that seemsnecessary
Agbodo, Jean Paul. "Le choix de politique criminelle en matière de récidive des majeurs : analyse de droit comparé français, canadien et ivoirien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080124.
The choice of criminal policy against the recidivism of adults has allowed the French legislator to highlight two forms of penal policy since the beginning of the contemporary era. If the first one established on the severity of the punishments has been transformed into the deprivation of liberty. The second one, highlighting the alternative punishment to imprisonment, seems to gather today the majority of acceptances in the fight against recidivism. In order to do so, the French legislator has turned to Canadian law over the last ten years to extract two measures, the probation sentence and restorative justice. However, the contribution of these different penal responses seems to have only a minor effect, insofar as neither a decrease in recidivism nor a reduction in the rate of incarceration considered a major cause of recidivism was observed before the Covid crisis.19. This is why the idea of a restorative justice system is so important. This is why the idea of a consensus on the integration of the penal philosophy of rehabilitation of the convicted person, following the example of Canadian law, is essential for the French legislator, wishing to achieve the criminal policy objective of reducing recidivism. Therefore, if restorative justice appears to be an asset in the fight against recidivism, the numerus clausus can also be added. All things to which the Ivorian legislator is also invited to commit in order to restore its penal system which, as it stands, is based on practices that are still similar to a lack of clarity in the fight against recidivism
Freitas, Cintia Helena Bulgarelli. "Diversidade, êxitos e problemas: uma análise psicossocial da Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade na CEPEMA da Justiça Federal de 1º Grau em São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21598.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This Master’s degree dissertation was to understand the particularities of practices related to Community Service Sentence / Order within the scope of the Social Work and Psychology Section of CEPEMA, at Federal Judiciary in São Paulo, based on the constructionist perspective’s assumptions, on the concepts of complexity, multiple realities and ontological politics as well as the notion of performativity. To reach its general purpose we historicized it in the world and in Brazil; we compare the English model, due to the seniority and frequent studies on the subject, to the Brazilian model, whose studies are still incipient; we described the Section’s service and characterized its diversity from initial and exit interviews. Document search and the PsycINFO database search were the procedures used to achieve the first three specific objectives and the choice and analysis of interview reports for the latter. Through this trajectory, we have identified that, at Federal Judiciary, in São Paulo, there are different ways to operationalize Community Service, from the places and practices that perform or enact it. In federal courts, where judgments and agreements are made, it is performed in its juridical aspect, as an alternative penalty or measure to prison; in the criminal execution proceedings, during a hearing, when a judge begins the execution of the sentence, Community Sentence, although performed in its legal aspect, has its focus shifted to the admonition and possible adjustment of the sentence imposed to the current conditions of the convicted person; in the Section, during the interviews, it is performed in its psychosocial aspect and in the agreed institutions it can be performed in different versions, according to three of the four conceptual models that guide the discourses of its applicability: rehabilitation of the person, a sense of revenge and the unfolding of the contemporary change from Nation-State to Market-State. The visibility we seek to give to Section’s Community Service practices lies in the need to problematize and denaturalize situations experienced by interviewees, which are often not considered, nor in the context of judgment and attribution of sentences, nor in the scope of criminal execution, since its reality produced during the admonition hearing, based on the logic of Criminal Law, is not the same as that produced in the Section during the initial interview, based on the logics of Social Service and Psychology. In the first, the legal order is privileged, since it contains the element of coercion, supported by the use of force. In this sense, the legal reality about Community Service naturally overlaps the psychosocial reality, hiding and smothering what could minimize or make it unfeasible. That is why we need to make explicit ethical and political positions regarding these realities, opening the way for dialogue about such delicate human issues we deal with on a daily basis, which at some point must be considered
O objetivo desta dissertação foi entender as particularidades das práticas relacionadas à Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade – PSC enquanto pena / medida alternativa à prisão, no âmbito da Seção de Serviço Social e Psicologia da CEPEMA, na Justiça Criminal Federal de São Paulo, a partir dos pressupostos da perspectiva construcionista, dos conceitos de complexidade, de múltiplas realidades e de ontologias políticas, além da noção de performatividade. Para se alcançar o objetivo proposto, historicizou-se a PSC no mundo e no Brasil; comparou-se o modelo inglês, pela antiguidade e frequentes estudos sobre o tema, ao modelo brasileiro, cujos estudos ainda se mostram incipientes; foi descrito o serviço da Seção e caracterizada a diversidade da PSC a partir das entrevistas iniciais e de desligamento. A pesquisa documental e na base de dados PsycINFO foi o procedimento utilizado para se alcançar os três primeiros objetivos específicos e, a escolha e a análise de relatos das entrevistas, para o último. Por meio dessa trajetória, identificou-se que, no judiciário criminal federal, em São Paulo, há maneiras distintas de operacionalizar a PSC, a partir dos locais e das práticas que a performam ou enact. Nas varas criminais federais, em que são feitos julgamentos e acordos, a PSC é performada em sua vertente jurídica, enquanto pena ou medida alternativa à prisão; na vara das execuções penais, durante as audiências admonitórias, quando um juiz dá início à execução da condenação, a PSC, embora performada em sua vertente jurídica, tem seu foco deslocado para a admoestação e eventual adequação da pena imposta às condições atuais da pessoa condenada; na Seção de Serviço Social e Psicologia, durante as entrevistas, a PSC é performada em sua vertente psicossocial; e nas instituições conveniadas, a PSC pode ser performada em diferentes versões, de acordo com três dos quatro modelos conceituais que norteiam os discursos de sua aplicabilidade: reabilitação da pessoa, sentimento de vingança e o desenrolar da mudança contemporânea de Estado-Nação para Estado-Mercado. A visibilidade que se buscou dar às práticas de PSC da Seção reside na necessidade de problematizar e desnaturalizar as situações vividas pelas pessoas entrevistadas que, na maioria das vezes, não são consideradas, nem no contexto de julgamento e atribuição das penas, tampouco no âmbito da execução, uma vez que a realidade sobre a PSC produzida na vara durante a audiência admonitória, a partir da lógica do Direito Penal, não é a mesma produzida na Seção durante a entrevista inicial, a partir das lógicas do Serviço Social e da Psicologia. Na primeira, a ordem jurídica é privilegiada, por conter o elemento da coação, apoiado no uso da força. Nesse sentido, a realidade jurídica sobre a PSC naturalmente se sobrepõe à realidade psicossocial, escamoteando e abafando aquilo que poderia minimizá-la ou inviabilizá-la. Por isso, há a necessidade de se explicitar posições éticas e políticas frente a essas realidades, abrindo-se caminho para o diálogo entre saberes sobre questões humanas tão delicadas, com as quais se lida cotidianamente e que, em algum momento ou medida, precisam ser ponderadas
Bild, Jonathan Daniel. "The mandatory life sentence for murder : lessons from two neighbours." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708327.
Kotova, Anna. "'He's got a life sentence,but I have a life sentence to cope with as well' : the experiences of long-term prisoners' partners." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f0112637-cc52-44f5-a979-e205652694b7.
Leigey, Margaret E. "Life while serving life examining the correctional experiences of older inmates serving a life without parole sentence /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 439 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397904001&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Annison, Harry. "Dangerous politics : an interpretive political analysis of the imprisonment for public protection sentence, 2003-2008." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:73c4f0dc-b86f-4d02-a380-0ae97d3974b4.
Neville, Laura. "A preliminary legislative evaluation of the conditional sentence of imprisonment, the case of Ontario, 1996-1997." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38758.pdf.
Zajic, David Michael. "Multiple Alternative Sentence Compressions as a tool for automatic summarization tasks." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6729.
Thesis research directed by: Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Schneider, Kerstin. "Electronic monitoring : alternativer Strafvollzug oder Alternative zum Strafvollzug? /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010416529&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Durante, Katherine A. "The Effects of Jurisdictional Context on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Prison Admissions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504869084242471.
Birungi, Charles. "Community service in Uganda as an alternative to imprisonment: a case study of Masaka and Mukono districts." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Ido, Shinji Ido. "Towards an Alternative Description of Incomplete Sentences in Agglutinative Languages." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/841.
Ido, Shinji Ido. "Towards an Alternative Description of Incomplete Sentences in Agglutinative Languages." University of Sydney. European, Asian and Middle Eastern Languages and Studies, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/841.
Macdonald, Angela Dawn. "Boot camps: An alternative sanction for better or worse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2411.
OLIVEIRA, CÍNTHIA MATA DE. "BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY SERVICES PENALTY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CUSTODIAL SENTENCE: EXPERIENCE OF THE COUNTY OF DUQUE DE CAXIAS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18527@1.
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a importância da Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade como modalidade de Pena Alternativa e seus benefícios, tanto para os apenados como para a comunidade e a sociedade. Para tanto, iniciamos a discussão traçando um quadro sócio-histórico dos tipos de penalidades desde a Antiguidade até os dias atuais mostrando suas reais funções políticas e econômicas nas mais diversas sociedades. Seguimos analisando as Penas e Medidas Alternativas apresentando seu processo de implantação nas leis brasileiras e a diferenciação entre as duas expressões. Apresentamos como são aplicadas as Penas e Medidas Alternativas e como se deu o processo de instalação da Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade na Central de Penas e Medidas Alternativas da comarca de Duque de Caxias, local onde foi realizada a pesquisa de campo. Assim, constituem-se como elementos norteadores da pesquisa os limites e as possibilidades relacionados ao cumprimento e a efetivação da Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade, assim como são analisadas as instituições parceiras que participam diretamente da realização dessa modalidade de pena. Por fim, analisamos a contribuição do Serviço Social na Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade, apresentando o processo histórico de sua inserção no Sistema Judiciário, e procuramos analisar como essas penas são monitoradas no dia-a-dia e qual a postura do Serviço Social frente a essa temática.
This dissertation aims to analyze the importance of the Community Service Penalty as a form of Alternative Penalty and its benefits, as for inmates as the community and society. For this, we started the discussion by drawing a picture of social and historical types of penalties since the ancient history until the present day, showing their actual political and economic functions in diverse societies. We analyze the Sentencing Alternative Measures showing its implementation process in Brazilian laws and the distinction between the two expressions. We present how the Sentencing Alternative Measures are applied and how was the installation of the Community Service Penalty on the Sentencing and Alternative Measures Centre in the town of Duque de Caxias, where the field research was conducted. Therefore, the guiding elements of the research are the limitations and the possibilities related to the accomplishment and the effectiveness of the Community Services Penalty, as well as the analysis of the partner institutions that participated directly in the realization of this type of penalty. Finally, we analyze the contribution of Social Service over the Community Service Penalty, presenting the historical process of their integration into the Judicial System, how these sentences are monitored daily, and what is the attitude of the Social Service about this theme.
Філатова-Сухова, А. М. "Довічне ув’язнення в Україні." Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20107.
В даній роботі досліджено наслідки, які несе для особи призначення покарання у виді довічного позбавлення волі та його відповідність міжнародним ратифікованим Україною договорам та Конвенції про захист прав людини та основоположних свобод. В першому розділі розкривається суть поняття довічного позбавлення волі та проводиться порівняльний аналіз даного виду покарання в країнах Європи та світу, наведено умови за яких може бути призначене та скорочено таке покарання. Другий розділ присвячено побутовим умовам та режимним правилам виправних колоній в яких особи відбувають покарання у виді довічного позбавлення волі. В третьому розділі надається оцінка судовій вітчизняній та європейській практиці по справам довічників. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів полягає в тому, що робота являє собою дослідження найсуворішого виду покарання в Україні в контексті його відповідності міжнародним стандартам захисту прав людини. Основні положення і висновки роботи обговорювалися на міжкафедральному науково-практичному семінарі на тему: «Правнича наука: традиції та вектори розвитку», який проходив 23 квітня 2020 року в Навчально-науковому інституті права і соціальних технологій Чернігівського національного технологічного університету на юридичному факультеті. Результати проведеного дослідження викладені в 1 науковій праці.
This work examines the consequences for a person of life imprisonment and its compliance with international treaties ratified by Ukraine and the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The first section reveals the essence of the concept of life imprisonment and comparative analysis of this type of punishment in Europe and the world, the conditions under which such punishment can be imposed and reduced. The second section is devoted to the living conditions and regime rules of penal colonies in which persons serve life sentences. The third section provides an assessment of domestic and European judicial practice in life sentenced prisoner’s cases. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the work is a study of the most severe type of punishment in Ukraine in the context of its compliance with international human rights standards. The main provisions and conclusions of the work were discussed at the interdepartmental scientific-practical seminar on Legal Science: traditions and vectors of development, which took place on April 23, 2020 at the Educational and Scientific Institute of Law and Social Technologies of Chernihiv National Technological University. The results of the study are presented in this scientific work.
Du, Plooy Amelia. "The impact of visual sequencing of pictures on the picture-based sentence construction of English-speaking Grade 2 learners." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27898.
Dissertation (M (Augmentative and Alternative Communication))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC)
unrestricted
Jeanpierre, Virginie. "Punir hors les murs : Sanctionner autrement l'auteur d'un délit passible de cinq ans d'emprisonnement." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3050/document.
The penalty of the criminal breaches constitutes the Gordian knot of a widely disapproved contemporary penal policy. Privileged, the custodial sentence shows multiple failures striking a blow at its credibility. The lower prison sentences or five-year-old equals executed mainly in detention center are the most problematic because numerous. They are badly adapted for the contemporary crime. If alternatives, already older and others more recent, exist, they are only little pronounced even though their social utility regarding rehabilitation and regarding fight against the repeat offense does not any more appear to prove. The punishment outside the walls of the criminal breach is a recurring political and legislative theme. Nevertheless, it does not succeed in anchoring really in the French judicial landscape; its implanting being slowed down in particular by the defect of membership of the magistrates partially conditioned by procedural mechanisms suppliers of custodial sentence. The hour of the change of paradigm nevertheless rang since the prison sentence does not allow to act on the causes of the unlawful act and the acting out. It’s also necessary time to relieve a pale prison situation not allowing anymore the Prison Service to assure suitably its missions of guard and rehabilitation. Albert Camus wrote that a society judges itself in the state of its prisons, the French society cannot persist in spreading such an embodiment of its penal policy. So, through sophisticated procedural mechanisms, the influence of positive examples of the comparative law, thanks to the use of the intrinsic resources of the prison departments of insertion and probation, to the new writing of fundamental articles of the Penal code and to the deployment of adequate means, the punishment outside the walls of the offences punished for five years of detention becomes accessible and tangible
Gavrilovienė, Marta, and Marta Gavrilovas. "Alterantyvių laisvės atėmimui bausmių veiksmingumo teisinės ir socialinės prielaidos." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090930_143652-66641.
The problem under study. The problem of efficiency of alternative to imprisonment (non-custodial) sanctions is investigated in the present study. The fundamental advantage of this kind of punishment is the possibility to control offenders‘ behavior in the community. This idea is based on the personal ability to change, which depends on an offender‘s will and efforts to change himself and to start solving the problems, which have caused the offending behavior (motivation to change). Therefore, imposed alternative sanctions should affect the changes in offenders‘ behavior. The individual conditions (obligation and/or restrictions) of the sanction, imposed by a court, should direct an offender‘s efforts to change. The problem of efficiency of alternative sanctions is discovered, while studying, how the conditions of imposition and execution of these sanctions could affect the criminogenic factors and, therefore, could reduce recidives of crime. Analyzing these aspects we can observe the problem of individualization of punishment, or finding the appropriate sanction, and the problem of coherent application of the sanction. A court, imposing non-custodial sanction, should not only state a term of its application, but also should decide, if the imposed obligations (their amount and character) are sufficient to supervise the offender in the community. The imposition of non-custodial sanctions to a great extend determs the process of execution of it. Particularly, if the conditions... [to full text]
Ferreira, Carolina Cutrupi. "Legislar pela exclusão social: um estudo da atividade legislativa sobre cumprimento da pena de 1984 a 2011." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8829.
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The main objective of this dissertation is to understand the Legislative activities and your interaction among Judiciary and Executive in terms of enforcement of criminal sanction. The considered assumption is that the process of creation of laws about sanction management in Brazil is recurrent the selection of prisons sentences, and the management way created by LEP (Law of Penal Execution) is subject of few proposals of legislative reform. This study includes an empirical research of legislative proposals presented to National Congress between 1984 and 2011 related to the enforcement of criminal sanction. The second chapter of the dissertation contains a quantitative analysis of these proposals, through the systematization of general data (type of proposition, length of the procedure for approval, federal state of origin and author) to identify, when possible, the increase or decrease trend of social exclusion through the use of more or less frequence of imprisonment. The qualitative analysis focus on the concepts of management of criminal sanction and individualization of punishment. The third chapter introduces the concept of management of criminal sanction, review of legislative historical creation of legal degree to accomplishment of sanction until the creation of LEP in 1984, and reinforces a qualitative study of task divisions about accomplishment of sanction from an empirical material. The fourth chapter introduces the idea of individualization of sanction, as approached in a judicial activity, which interacts in a dynamic and constant way with legislative and administrative activities, especially while the accomplishment of prison sentencing. From this concept, new legislative proposals present a new arrangement of distribution of tasks among the three powers regarding enforcement of criminal sanction. The conclusion of this dissertation is that the creation process of criminal laws in Brazil recognizes the use of freedom private sanction, considering the extension of minimum prison quorum or the extinction of subjective rights, in a situation that the judge has no many possibilities to actuate in case.
A presente dissertação tem por objetivo compreender a atividade legislativa e a articulação entre os Poderes Legislativo, Judiciário e Executivo no momento de cumprimento da pena pelo condenado. Parte-se da hipótese de que no processo de criação de leis sobre gestão da sanção no Brasil é recorrente a seleção de penas prisionais e que a atividade de determinação da quantidade e da qualidade da pena no caso concreto é objeto de disputa entre legislador, juiz e administrador penitenciário. Para investigar esta hipótese, a pesquisa comporta um levantamento empírico de proposições legislativas apresentadas no Congresso Nacional entre 1984 e 2011 relacionadas ao cumprimento da sanção criminal. O segundo capítulo da dissertação contém uma análise quantitativa destas proposições, por meio da sistematização dos dados gerais (tipo de proposição, tramitação, estado de origem e autor) e identifica, quando possível, as medidas tendentes a ampliar ou reduzir a exclusão social por meio do uso mais ou menos frequente da pena de prisão. O terceiro capítulo introduz o conceito de gestão da sanção, revisa o histórico legislativo de criação de um diploma legal voltado ao cumprimento da pena até a criação da LEP (1984) e empreende um estudo qualitativo sobre a divisão de tarefas sobre cumprimento da pena a partir do material empírico. O quarto capítulo apresenta a ideia de individualização da pena, conceito abordado da perspectiva de uma atividade judicial que interage de forma dinâmica e constante com as atividades legislativas e administrativas, especialmente durante o cumprimento da pena de prisão. A partir deste conceito são retomadas proposições legislativas que, em alguma medida, abordam o arranjo ou o rearranjo da divisão de tarefas entre os três poderes. Ao final, conclui-se que o processo de elaboração de normas penais no Brasil valoriza o uso da pena de privativa de liberdade, por meio da ampliação das frações mínimas prisionais ou da vedação de direitos subjetivos, situação na qual o juiz tem pouco espaço para atuar no caso concreto.
Ramonyai, Mothekoa Gratitude. "Evaluating the best interest of a child as a factor influencing the sentencing of the primary caregiver." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3144.
This mini-dissertation seeks to evaluate the best interests of the child as a separate factor that influences the sentencing of a primary caregiver. When a parent is in conflict with the law, the child stands to be affected sentence that the court may impose on the caregiver. A custodial sentence has the potential of affecting the child’s right to parental care. Therefore, in the event where a custodial sentence is appropriate, alternative care of the child by other persons become a possible option. The author recommends that after applying the principles articulated in S v M and making use of a child impact report; the right of the child to parental care should carry more weight. Thus, courts should duly consider the best interest of the child as an independent factor when negative effects to the child are associated with the sentence. Where appropriate, with either a non-custodial sentence or adequate alternative care (in the case of imprisonment).
Junior, Alceu Corrêa. "Monitoramento eletrônico de penas e alternativas penais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-20062013-132709/.
The search for alternatives to prison is old, and electronic surveillance has emerged as a technological solution. The cultural context of the United States at the end of the twentieth century has propitiated the emergence of electronic monitoring, also influenced by utilitarism and by the culture of offense control. Monitoring should respect the principles of Democratic Rule of Law (human dignity) and to be linked to the preventive purposes of sentence (positive special prevention). By itself it does not decrease the prison population and it does not reduce recidivism, but the economic gains and the good results obtained by other countries can not be ignored. Thus, foreign experience shows good results in the use of surveillance along with programs of social support. In Brazil, the electronic monitoring was introduced by law in criminal enforcement and as a precautionary measure. It would be interesting if it could be established as a way of prison enforcement (alternative to prisons). It could be also expected to enforce restrictive penalties of rights that require monitoring, consolidating an alternative system of penalties that can promote prevention and replace the prison for minor offenses. The electronic monitoring restricts fundamental rights and thus it should be provided by law, limited to the restriction, applied when it is necessary with the least visibility.
Grujić, Zdravko. "Нове алтернативе казни затвора у кривичном законодавству Републике Србије." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Pravni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101051&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Predmet istraživanja i rada na doktorskoj disertaciji „Nove alternative kazni zatvora u krivičnom zakonodavstvu Republike Srbije“ predstavlja analiza pojma, sadržaja, uslova za izricanje, izvršenja i efekata novih alternativnih krivičnih sankcija i mera. Propisivanjem novih alternativa kazni zatvora novelirano krivično zakonodavstvo Republike Srbije svrstava se u red savremenih krivičnopravnih sistema koje karakteriše uspostavljanje humanijih načina reagovanja na blaže oblike kriminalnog ponašanja i razvoj alternativnog koncepta kažnjavanja učinilaca lakših krivičnih dela.Cilj istraživanja predstavlja kritička analiza normativnog sadržaja novih alternativa kazni zatvora u srpskom krivičnom zakonodavstvu i komparativna normativna analiza rešenja iz uporednih sistema, preispitivanje usklađenosti legislativnih rešenja sa osnovnim standardima u ovoj oblasti predstavljenim u međunarodnim aktima Ujedinjenih nacija i Saveta Evrope, utvrđivanje delotvornosti i efekata primene novih alternativa kazni zatvora u našem krivičnopravnom sistemu, preispitivanje opravdanosti uvođenja i realnih dometa novih alternativa kazni zatvora u suprostavljanju blažim oblicima kriminaliteta, kao i utvrđivanje uticaja njihove primene na funkcionisanje celokupnog sistema krivičnog pravosuđa u Republici Srbiji.Strukturu doktorske disertacije čini sedam poglavlja u kojima su obrađena najznačajnija pitanja koja se odnose na propisivanje i primenu novih alternativa kazni zatvora. Prvi deo posvećen je utvrđivanju pojma i razlozima nastanka novih alternativnih krivičnih sankcija i mera, kao odgovora na „krizu kazne zatvora“. U drugom delu razmatraju se tradicionalne alternative ovoj kazni i utvrđuje njihov domen primene u našem krivičnopravnom sistemu. Treći deo posvećen je nastanku i razvoju novih alternativa kazni zatvora u uporednom pravu, a četvrti najznačajnijim međunarodnim aktima u oblasti propisivanja i primene novih alternativa kazni zatvora. Peti, centralni, deo istraživanja predstavljaju nove alternativne krivične sankcije u našem krivičnom zakonodavstvu: rad u javnom interesu, kućni zatvor, kazna oduzimanja vozačkeNove alternative kazni zatvora u krivičnom zakonodavstvu Republike SrbijeXIdozvole i sistem novčane kazne u dnevnim iznosima, odnosno njihova teorijska i kritička normativna analiza, kao i utvrđivanje efekata njihove dosadašnje primene i uticaja na funkcionisanje sistema krivičnog pravosuđa. U šestom delu analiziraju se specifične nove alternativne mere u uporednom pravu kojima se potencijalno može ostvariti alternacija izricanja kazne zatvora, odnosno izvršenja kazne u penitencijarnoj ustanovi, dok je sedmi deo posvećen specifičnim alternativnim merama u našem krivičnopravnom sistemu, odnosno novim osnovama za oslobođenje učinioca od kazne, stvarnom kajanju i poravnanju učinioca i oštećenog (žrtve), institutu uslovnog otpusta, načelu oportuniteta krivičnog gonjenja i kućnom pritvoru.U skladu sa postavljenim ciljevima ovog naučnog istraživanja, a nakon sveobuhvatne analize predmeta proučavanja i na osnovu longitudinalnog istraživanja izrečenih i izvršenih novih alternativna kazni zatvora u periodu desetogodišnje primene, potvrđene su i naučno objašnjene dve osnovne i šest radnih hipoteza.U zaključnim razmatranjima doktorske disertacije sublimiraju se rezultati istraživanja i predstavljaju predlozi de lege ferenda, kako bi se u izmenjenom normativnom i institucionalnom okviru omogućila efikasnija primena novih alternativa kazni zatvora u praksi krivičnog pravosuđa, ali i ostvario uticaj na delotvornije funkcionisanje krivičnopravnog sistema u Republici Srbiji.Ključne reči: nove alternative kazni zatvora, alternativne krivične sankcije, rad u javnom interesu, kućni zatvor, alternativne mere, krivično zakonodavstvo Republike Srbije.
The subject of a research and doctoral thesis “New alternatives to imprisonment in criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia” is the analysis of the concept, content, condition of imposition, execution and effects of the new alternative criminal sanctions and measures. Introduction of the new alternatives to imprisonment in criminal justice system ranks the Republic of Serbia legislation among contemporary criminal systems, which are characterized by the establishment of more humane ways of responding to milder forms of criminal behavior and the development of an alternative concept of treatment and punishment for perpetrators of minor offences.The objectives of the research are a critical and comparative analysis of normative content for the new alternatives to imprisonment in criminal legislation, reassessment of the compliance with minimal standards provided in international documents, determination of the effectiveness of the imposition and implementation of the new alternatives to imprisonment, reassessment of the justification and possible scope of resisting milder forms of criminality, as well as determination of the impact of their implementation in the functioning of the entire criminal justice system of the Republic of Serbia.The doctoral dissertation consists of seven chapters which are mostly addressed to the important issues relating to the regulation and implementation of the new alternatives of imprisonment. The first part is devoted to the determination of the concept and the reasons for the emergence of new alternative criminal sanctions and measures, as a response to the "crisis of the imprisonment." The second part deals with the traditional alternatives to prison sentence and determines their scope of application in our criminal justice system. The third part is dedicated to the appearance and development of the new alternatives to imprisonment in comparative law, and the fourth is dealing with most important international instruments in this domain, provided by United Nations and Council of Europe. The fifth, and the central, part of the research presents the new alternative criminal sanctions in our criminal law: community service, house arrest, the penalty of seizure of driver's license and a system of day-fines, their theoretical and critical normative analysis, as well as the effects of their application andНове алтернативе казни затвора у кривичном законодавству Републике СрбијеXIIIthe impact on the functioning in our criminal justice system. The sixth part deals with the specific new alternative measures in the comparative law, which potentially can achieve alteration of imprisonment or the execution of a prison sentence in the penal institution, while the seventh part deals with the specific alternative measures in our criminal justice system, and the effects and the impact on their implementation.In accordance with the objectives of the research, after comprehensive analysis of the subject, and on the basis of longitudinal research of imposed and implemented new alternatives in the past decade, we confirmed and scientifically explained two basic and six operating hypothesis.In the concluding remarks of the doctoral dissertation we sublimate the research results and present the proposals de lege ferenda, in order to influence the creation of a different normative and organizational framework for the implementation of the new alternatives to imprisonment, but also to make an impact on the effective functioning of the criminal justice system in the Republic of Serbia.Key words: new alternatives to imprisonment, alternative criminal sanctions, community service, house arrest, alternative measures, criminal legislation of Republic of Serbia
Abou, assi Sabbagh Nathalie. "La réparation en droit pénal - Etude comparative." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3047.
The concept of reparation is becoming more common in criminal law. In fact, reparation is evolving, independently of the civil aspect of the notion, at the heart of alternative measures, commonly known as a “third way”, and in the essence of some sentences. This brings us to questioning the place of the notion of reparation in criminal law: is reparation an alternative to criminal justice or a component of criminal justice? The comparative study of French law, English law and Lebanese law will shed the light on some interesting aspects of the question. It will open the possibility to analyze the different approaches in terms of reparation and to enrich the study of the reparation’s position in criminal law. In a first part, the study of the reparation’s expressions in criminal law will reveal the concept of reparation as a new response to offences. In a second part, the idea of considering reparation as a component of criminal justice will reveal the notion’s special characteristics that make reparation an autonomous concept that needs to be defined. Nowadays, reparation in criminal law redefines the outlines of criminal justice
Chenwi, Lilian Manka. "Towards the abolition of the death penalty in Africa a human rights perspective /." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062005-151306/.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 22, 2006). "Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Laws (LLD) in the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria." Includes bibliographical references (p. 355-386).
Lahouazi, Mehdi. "Le développement des modes alternatifs de réglement des différends dans les contrats administratifs." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3056.
The development of alternative dispute resolution in administrative contracts is a necessity. Indeed, the congestion of the administrative courts, combined with the need for a more consensual and calm settlement of disputes, pleads in favour of the emergence of an alternative justice. Nevertheless, the public order governing the activities of public bodies, and protected by imperative norms, requires that the development of alternative methods be regulated. As such, the study of positive law shows that this phenomenon is not unknown in the settlement of disputes concerning administrative contracts. For instance, the parties to a dispute can already freely resort to amicable methods (mediation, conciliation or settlement agreement), and some exceptions to the principle prohibiting public bodies from resorting to arbitration are provided for. However, the voids and shortcomings of the current system of alternative dispute resolution in administrative contracts (lack of proper status of the mediator, paucity of framework for inter partes conciliation, complexity of the concept of reciprocal concessions or, difficulty for the administrative judge to assert its competence in international arbitration...) make its understanding and implementation more complex and more prone to increasing public order violations. It is therefore necessary to propose a sustainable regime of alternative methods to ensure, on the one hand, the protection of peremptory norms of public law and, on the other hand, the freedom of the parties in the choice and conduct of an alternative justice. For that purpose, the future regime will have to authorize arbitration in administrative contracts and endow it with procedural guarantees taking into account its specific nature but also certain characteristics inherent in public entities and administrative law. Furthermore, the mediation and conciliation procedures will have to be improved in order to provide the parties with a flexible framework conducive to the conclusion of balanced and secure settlement agreements. Finally, this regime must definitively establish the role of the administrative judge. To this end, that judge may be called upon to assist the parties in the implementation of alternative methods (creation of an administrative support judge in arbitration, combination of interim reliefs with amicable procedures...). The administrative judge must also be responsible for checking the compliance of the alternative solution to the public order. This attribution of jurisdiction, which is resonates all the more in international arbitration, is fundamental for the protection of the public interest. It is only under these conditions that the development of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms can take its place in administrative contracts
Parisien, Bruno. "L'enquête judiciaire en matière économique et financière : une réforme nécessaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA021/document.
Twenty billions : that is the cost of financial and economic crime in France. This is close to organised crime, but it still remains an ill-defined phenomenon, an atypical delinquency with specific features, an area where only few initiate persons succeed in twarthing misbehaviours committed by pioneer criminals in regard to the modus operandi they use. Financial and economic crime plagues the social and economic system, and although this tends to be contained in France, successive and innovative reforms haven’t ensured a more appropriate criminal justice response. Judicial system has been provided with specialized penal courts, but judicial inquiry, the cradle of fight against crime, still remains subject to ordinary criminal procedural rules. As feedbacks show, basic investigation powers contrast with exceptional delinquency, whereas they could be improved by the adaptation of the tested investigation devices
Singh, Shanta. "Community based sentences : an alternative to short-term imprisonment." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/850.
Kuchaříková, Martina. "Alternativy nepodmíněného trestu odnětí svobody." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-345062.
Handrejchová, Michaela. "Podmíněné odsouzení." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-383978.
Hrbková, Miluše. "Alternativní tresty." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-300501.
ŠINDELÍŘ, Petr. "Výchovné principy krátkodobých trestů odnětí svobody v současném českém vězeňství s ohledem možných dopadů na sociální a psychologický vývoj vězněného jedince." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204467.
Poláchová, Jana. "Účinnost probačního dohledu v sankčním systému trestní justice z hlediska prevence recidivy." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-314010.
Lambrechts, Gideon Albertus Jacobus. "Alternatiewe vonnisse en rehabilitasie : 'n penologiese studie." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2963.
Gevangenis oorbevolking is ʼn probleem waarmee die Suid-Afrikaanse korrektiewe stelsel reeds vir baie jare worstel. Suid-Afrika is een van die lande met die hoogste gevangenis bevolking in die wêreld. Een van die grootste probleme wat tot die situasie bydra, is die aantal oortreders wat nie in staat is om borg te betaal nie. ʼn Ander probleem is die aantal verhoorafwagtendes wat in aanhouding is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Witskrif van die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste, is vasberade om die rehabilitering van die oortreder te bevorder. Die fokus van die studie wentel om die rehabilitasie van die oortreder en die vraag of hierdie doelwit binne die korrektiewe stelsel haalbaar is. Heelwat klem word op die noodsaaklikheid van alternatiewe vonnisse geplaas asook rehabilitasie as strafoogmerk tydens vonnisoplegging. Dit is die navorser se mening dat die korrektiewe stelsel nie die geskikste plek is vir die rehabilitering van die oortreder nie.
Criminology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)
Serfontein, Christiaan Jacobus. "Korrektiewe toesig en gevangenisstraf as vonnisopsies vir kindermolesteerders." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9824.
In the recent past people became more aware of the fact that serious crimes are being committed against children. Statistics show that sexual molestation is one of the most prevalent types of offences committed against children. Society demands that such an offender must be punished in a suitable manner. Recent developments in South Africa in regard to alternative sentences led to correctional supervision. The motivation for this study was to establish differences between people who was sentenced to imprisonment and people who was sentenced to correctional supervision for committing sexual crimes against children by using three different Hudson scales, namely, depression, self-esteem, and sexual discord.
Sun, Chih-Yuan, and 孫治遠. "Using Electric Monitoring as an Alternative to Imprisonment in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63112766120782726687.
國立交通大學
管理學院科技法律學程
99
Electric Monitoring is an alternative which uses electronic equipment to execute location-based monitoring, like home detention monitoring, or movement surveillance which, for example, tracks offenders’ exact locations and specific time by using GPS. In other words, it uses the modern technology substitute traditional imprison supervision, and has been widely employed overseas in every phase of criminal jurisdiction and procedure for years. One of the criminal executions is alternative to imprisonment, which can effectively alleviate the situation of excess prisoners, and save correctional expenses. According to Sexual Assault Prevention Act in Taiwan, Electric Monitoring has been applying only to certain probationers committing sexual crimes and parolees under the regulations of probation since 2006. However, The long-existing problem of excess prisoners in the correction system of Taiwan not only interferes with the performance of correction and re-education of prisoners, but jeopardizes its preventive function of recidivism, and also indicates a breach of human rights. This thesis conducts literature review, questionnaire survey with law enforcement officers, and field interviews with five senior prosecutors from different jurisdictions to study of Electric Monitoring. It includes the variety of equipments, ways of execution in foreign countries, and the current practical operation in Taiwan. In addition, this study also reflects to the impressions of the participants about Electric Monitoring, and their evaluation on such-- an alternative to imprisonment.
Mocwaledi, Oarabile Ishmael. "Value of a pre-sentence report in determining the suitability of sentences other than imprisonment." Diss., 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18643.
Criminal & Procedural Law
LL.M (Law)
Fernandes, Ana Rita Lopes Costa Fidalgo. "A suspensão da execução da pena de prisão e os crimes sexuais." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/30195.
The present dissertation deals with the suspension of the execution of the prison sentence and its application in sexual crimes. It was sought to realize if, considering the particularities of sexual assault and their perpetrators and their public repercussions, it is prudent to resort so frequently to this institute. To this end, the circumstances that surround an agressive sexual behaviour and what causes it were analysed. The public reaction to such crimes was also addressed. Although it is a topic that requires a multidisciplinary treatment, it was concluded that this types of crimes and offenders are being considered in the light of data that doens´t represent the reality.
Visser, Johannes Gresse. "The role of correctional supervision in curbing overpopulation in prisons." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4725.
Penology
M.A. (Penology)
Chen, Guo-Cing, and 陳國慶. "The Study of Alternative to Imprisonment─On the Center of Conmunity Service Order." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sjru2k.
嶺東科技大學
財經法律研究所
104
This study aimed to explore the current legal construction and issues regarding the promotion of the social labor system in Taiwan, especially whether there are a lot of difficulties in the management of social labor and their practices. Implementing cooperative partnership helps to improve communications among the three parties, make the overall atmosphere warmer and more harmonic, and reduce confrontations, so that social labor can see things from not just their angle and perspective during their social labor service period. The research found that impaired familial, marital, school and occupational bonding with delinquent peer’s accompanying leaded individuals into criminal career. Nevertheless, those impacts would transform themselves into fair controlled bonding after the appearance of important others in their lives, transition of critical life events and enhancement of self–awareness, and then brought about regular life style; stopped their criminal career and facilitated reintegration. However, due to hasty policy formulation and implementation, they are obviously still plenty of rooms for improvement ,such as: the system operation efficiency, the counseling skills among inmates’ enlightenment education, the coordination between supervisory and executive agencies, advanced training and better welfare and fringe benefit of related personnel etc. Finally, the main purposes of my research is to improve the whole system and to reassure a more productive and harmonious society.
WENG, TSU-WEI, and 翁祖偉. "Comparative Study on Alternative Schemes for Death Penalty:Centered on Imprisonment,Suspended Death And Caning." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n52hy7.
玄奘大學
法律學系碩士班
106
This thesis explores the alternatives to death penalty that are in line with the public opinion and does not contradict the modern penalty theory。It establishes a set of empirical research related to the multiple development of death penalty alternatives,and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different death penalty alternatives. In recent years,regardless of doctrine or practice,the death penalty has abolished the current obstacles,which is inconsistent with public opinion and violates people’s feelings。Through long-term trend research,it is found that if there is an alternative to death penalty in line with public opinion,it can greatly increase the willingness of the public to abolish the death penalty。 However,the current domestic alternatives,whether it is parole but increased imprisonment,or not released on parole Life imprisonment, no public opinion can be obtained,and more than half agree to abolish the death penalty。In view of this,this paper establishes three kinds of domestic Centered on Imprisonment,Suspended Death And Caning。Some scholars have proposed specific death penalty alternatives,which are used in combination with long-term free punishment,as a new alternative to death penalty,and by questionnaire。Conduct an empirical study of opinion polls to verify the impact of the death penalty alternative on public opinion support。
Vondrák, Roman. "Podmíněné odsouzení." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311051.
Březinová, Kristýna. "Problematika trestu odnětí svobody na doživotí." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330035.
Polívková, Michaela. "Problematika trestu odnětí svobody na doživotí." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332384.
Fuksa, Filip. "Trest smrti." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327240.
Chiu, Yen-Hua, and 邱燕華. "The Study of Effects on Sentence Expression through Augmentative and Alternative Communication for a Non-Verbal Preschooler with Autism." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j534jd.
國立東華大學
特殊教育學系
100
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sentence expression through augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for a three-year-old non-verbal preschooler with autism. The multiple probe design of single subject research method was adopted in this study. The independent variable was the high-tech ACC training programs. The dependent variables were the accuracy of sentence expression, the performance of mean length of utterances (MLU) and oral expression using U-PEN. The researcher implemented the high-tech ACC training programs in three different locations including rehabilitation center, participant’s kindergarten and her family. Data was collected during baseline, treatment and maintain phases. Visual analysis,Tyron’s C statistics and qualitative data were used for analyzing as the results. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After the implementation of high-tech ACC training programs, the participant’s accuracy of sentence expression using U-PEN was improved and maintained in multiple locations. 2. After the implementation of high-tech ACC training programs, the participant’s MLU was improved and maintained in multiple locations. 3. After the implementation of high-tech ACC training programs, the performance of participant’s oral expression including motivation for active communication, verbal learning, and social interactions with peers was improved in multiple locations.
Oliver, Charles Edwin. "A quantified decision-making approach to probation in South Africa." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/874.
Penology
D. Litt. et Phil.
Břeská, Aneta. "Podmíněné odsouzení." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392992.