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Yorkston, Kathryn M., Kathleen Smith, and David Beukelman. "Extended Communication Samples of Augmented Communicators I." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55, no. 2 (May 1990): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5502.217.
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Vocabulary selection for linguistically intact augmented communicators is a growing clinical concern. The purpose of this study as to compare and contrast the relative benefits of word lists that were individualized for these augmented subjects to word lists selected from standard vocabulary sources. Communication samples were collected for 14 consecutive days from 10 subjects who used augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. These samples were analyzed to determine the frequency of single word occurrence, and the results were compared with those obtained from analysis of standard vocabulary lists. The conclusions of the study were (a) that when vocabulary lists are individually created, based on the frequency of word occurrence natural communication samples, relatively short lists can represent a large proportion of the total communication sample; (b) that individualized word lists are more efficient than standard vocabulary lists, if efficiency is defined as a large proportion of the total sample represented by a small list; and (c) that if used in their entirety, standard lists are not efficient because they contain large number of words that are rarely used.
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Yorkston, Kathryn M., David R. Beukelman, Kathleen Smith, and Robert Tice. "Extended Communication Samples of Augmented Communicators II." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55, no. 2 (May 1990): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5502.225.
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The three primary purposes of this project are (a) to identify those word sequences that occur frequently across a group of 10 linguistically intact augmented communicators, (b) to determine the communality with which the various augmented communicators use specific word sequences, and (c) to evaluate the usefulness of word sequences in providing keystroke savings for users of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices as compared to letter-by-letter spelling or single-word retrieval. Communication samples were collected for 14 consecutive days from 10 subjects who used AAC devices. These samples were analyzed with custom software to determine the frequency of occurrence of one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-word sequences. The results revealed that three-, four-, and five-word sequences occurred very infrequently within and across communication samples. Two-word sequences occurred much more frequently than the longer sequences. The authors concluded that clinicians should continue to encourage linguistically intact clients to select long messages (three words or more) for their AAC devices based on message content and the urgency with which messages need to be delivered rather than relying exclusively on statistical analysis. However, statistically based multiword analysis should not be abandoned. Frequently occurring one- and two-word sequences may be an important source of messages that will increase communication efficiency when stored and retrieved in an AAC device.
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El-Soussi, Azza H., Mohsen M. Elshafey, Sahara Y. Othman, and Fadia A. Abd-Elkader. "Augmented alternative communication methods in intubated COPD patients: Does it make difference." Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 64, no. 1 (January 2015): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.07.006.
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Sullivan, D. J., S. Labby, A. Koptelov, and S. L. Sullivan. "EXPERIENCES, FRUSTRATIONS, AND BARRIERS, OF IPAD USAGE IN THE SPECIAL EDUCATION: LIFE SKILLS CLASSROOM FROM EDUCATORS PERSPECTIVE." Informatics and Education, no. 8 (November 16, 2018): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32517/0234-0453-2018-33-8-61-67.
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The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine the barriers that special educator teachers encounter when using iPads within the Life Skills classroom. The research investigates the experiences, frustrations, and barriers through educators’ perceptions of iPad implementation. The influence of these issues suggests why iPad usage is not a device that special education classrooms are using in a widespread daily manner. Exploration of iPads as an educational tool and as a communication device is also discussed, along with considerations of other communications systems such as Picture Exchange Communication Systems and Alternative and Augmented Communication Devices is considered. Recommendations for further possible research are also discussed.
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Queiroz, Ítala da Piedade, Edênia da Cunha Menezes, Ivana Maria Barboza dos Santos, Ueslane Melo de Goes, and Rosana Carla do Nascimento Givigi. "Validation of the neurofunctional evaluation protocol for Alternative and Augmentative Communication." Revista CEFAC 20, no. 3 (May 2018): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216201820318017.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to validate the neurofunctional evaluation for Alternative and Augmented Communication protocol. Methods: the study was carried out in four steps: instrument construction, literature review, clinical validation and evaluation of the protocol by field experts, through an interactive questionnaire which was repeatedly applied, until the last set of responses was regarded as satisfactory. In addition, clinical evaluations were performed by applying the protocol in children and adolescents with motor impairment in a clinical trial. Results: statistical analysis of the protocol application in the therapeutic setting showed the Kappa indices for each observer with an overall mean of 0.436 (moderate agreement), besides the agreement among experts in content evaluation. Conclusion: agreement between the evaluators, specialists and the protocol clinical application results allowed choosing and implementing an alternative communication resource appropriate to the neuromuscular characteristics of the patient, providing a low cost access, as well as the quick identification of the motor skills that enabled the speech-language therapy.
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Salem, Aziza, and Muayyad M. Ahmad. "Communication with invasive mechanically ventilated patients and the use of alternative devices: integrative review." Journal of Research in Nursing 23, no. 7 (July 24, 2018): 614–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987118785987.
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Background Communication with patients has always been a major concern in nursing care. Invasive mechanically ventilated (IMV) patients suffer from a communication barrier due to the presence of the endotracheal tube (ETT), which makes them unable to communicate through speech. Aim The purpose of this review is to examine available evidence regarding existing knowledge, skills, perceptions and barriers to IMV patient communication in order to guide the development of strategies that enhance effective communication with these patients. Methods A review of the published literature was conducted between January 2010 and December 2016. Results The literature support clear and concise communication in all areas of care, especially when patients suddenly become speechless. Invasive mechanically ventilated patients want to be heard, have control over their treatment and contribute to decisions concerning their health. Conclusion There is a need for the establishment of an effective nurse -patient communication strategy, which may include determining the mode of communication used by the patient, waiting and giving time to allow a patient to participate in the communication, confirming the message that was communicated with a patient himself/ herself, and the use of assistive and augmented communication to support comprehension when needed.
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Chazin, Kate T., Jennifer R. Ledford, and Natalie S. Pak. "A Systematic Review of Augmented Input Interventions and Exploratory Analysis of Moderators." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 1210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00102.
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Purpose Augmented input is the act of concurrently modeling language verbally and on a communication device, and is one strategy for teaching individuals to effectively use aided modes of communication. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the efficacy of augmented input for increasing communication and to identify intervention components, participant characteristics, and instructional contexts related to therapeutic outcomes. Method We double screened all potential sources and double coded all included sources. Database, forward, and backward searches yielded 99 single case designs in 26 sources. We coded characteristics of participants, instructional contexts, independent variables, and dependent variables. We also coded quality/rigor and primary outcomes for each design or comparison. Results Across high-quality studies, two thirds of designs indicated that augmented input was effective compared to baseline conditions and alternative interventions, and exploratory analyses indicated that receptive language skills, age, and diagnoses may moderate intervention efficacy. Most augmented input interventions included additional components that may serve as “active ingredients” (e.g., systematic prompting, contextual reinforcement). Most studies also did not report participant characteristics hypothesized to moderate intervention efficacy (e.g., joint attention skills, imitation repertoire). Results also indicated high risk of publication bias, with peer-reviewed sources twice as likely to include positive effects than dissertations and theses. Conclusions Across high-quality studies, augmented input was inconsistently effective as a stand-alone intervention. Packaged interventions that included augmented input were typically more effective than augmented input in isolation, particularly for individuals who were young, had strong receptive language skills, or had no comorbid diagnoses.
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Porter, Gayle, and Joanne M. Cafiero. "Pragmatic Organization Dynamic Display (PODD) Communication Books: A Promising Practice for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 18, no. 4 (December 2009): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac18.4.121.
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Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are severely challenged by their difficulties with language and communication. Some research suggests that augmented language input, whereby a speaking communication partner adopts and uses an augmentative or alternative communication (AAC) system for both expressive and receptive language, can be effective with these individuals. The Pragmatic Organization Dynamic Display (PODD) system is both a method and tool for developing and utilizing augmented language input. As a promising practice, PODD provides strategies to support the design, production, and implementation of communication systems that enable genuine communication for a variety of functions in all daily environments. PODD includes strategies to minimize some of the common difficulties associated with the use of multi-level communication books. Specifically, PODD: (a) supports the individual who relies on AAC and his/her communication partners to move efficiently between pages to locate required vocabulary, (b) reduces the time required to access vocabulary to produce multi-symbol messages, (c) provides a strategy for quick access to predictable messages, and (d) enables access to a broad range of vocabulary for spontaneous, unpredicted messages. This article explores the use of the PODD system for individuals with ASD, with emphasis on features that address the unique communication challenges faced by these individuals.
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O'Neill, Tara, Janice Light, and Lauramarie Pope. "Effects of Interventions That Include Aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication Input on the Communication of Individuals With Complex Communication Needs: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 1743–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0132.
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PurposeThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions that included aided AAC input (e.g., aided AAC modeling, aided language modeling, aided language stimulation, augmented input) on communicative outcomes (both comprehension and expression) for individuals with developmental disabilities who use AAC.MethodA systematic search resulted in the identification of 26 single-case experimental designs (88 participants) and 2 group experimental designs (103 participants). Studies were coded in terms of participants, intervention characteristics, dependent variables, outcomes, and quality of evidence.ResultsAAC interventions that included aided AAC input in isolation, or as part of a multicomponent intervention, were found to be highly effective across participants of various ages, disabilities, and language skills. The interventions typically included aided AAC input in conjunction with expectant delay, direct prompting (e.g., spoken, gestural), contingent responding, and open-ended questions. The interventions were found to be highly effective in supporting both comprehension and expression across the domains of pragmatics, semantics, and morphosyntax. Outcomes related to expression were reported more often than outcomes related to comprehension.ConclusionAided AAC input may reduce input–output asymmetry and enhance expression and comprehension for individuals who use AAC; the evidence suggests that partners should utilize this strategy. Future research is needed to investigate the effects of AAC input (aided and unaided) on long-term language development for individuals who require AAC.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6394364
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Beck, Ann, Kelly Kingsbury, Allison Neff, and Marcia Dennis. "Influence of length of augmented message on children's attitudes toward Peers who use augmentative and alternative communication." Augmentative and Alternative Communication 16, no. 4 (January 2000): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434610012331279094.
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Kaiser, Ann P., and Megan Y. Roberts. "Advances in Early Communication and Language Intervention." Journal of Early Intervention 33, no. 4 (December 2011): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053815111429968.
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Learning to communicate using speech and language is a primary developmental task for young children. Delays in the acquisition of language are one of the earliest indicators of developmental deficits that may affect academic and social outcomes for individuals across the life span. In the period since the passage of PL 99-457, significant progress in research related to language intervention has been made in five areas: (a) the social, symbolic, and prelinguistic foundations to spoken language; (b) parent-implemented language interventions; (c) the language foundations for literacy; (d) the relationship between language and social behavior; and (e) the use of augmented and alternative modes of communication. Although there are indications of important advances in the knowledge base of early identification as well as comprehensive and continuous intervention, preparing professionals to provide effective interventions in natural environments continues to be a challenge for the field.
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Higginbotham, D. Jeffery. "In-Person Interaction in AAC: New Perspectives on Utterances, Multimodality, Timing, and Device Design." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 18, no. 4 (December 2009): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac18.4.154.
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Evidence is accumulating for the language use model in psycholinguistics, the social sciences as well as work in human computer interaction. Recent research in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has demonstrated the insufficiency of the sender-receiver model for characterizing augmented interactions. In this paper we will begin to provide a framework for showing how the AAC field may benefit from examining how people perform using language during in-person interaction.
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Biggs, Elizabeth E., Erik W. Carter, and Carly B. Gilson. "Systematic Review of Interventions Involving Aided AAC Modeling for Children With Complex Communication Needs." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 123, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 443–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-123.5.443.
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AbstractBuilding the communicative competence of individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) requires intervention and support. This systematic review examined experimental studies involving aided AAC modeling to promote the expressive communication of children and youth (i.e., birth to age 21) with complex communication needs. A search yielded 48 studies involving 267 participants. Interventions were categorized according to three different approaches to aided AAC modeling—augmented input, models as prompts, and models within instructional demonstrations. Although the procedures varied, interventions were generally effective at improving diverse measures of expressive communication. This review provides insight for both researchers and practitioners by describing interventions involving three distinct approaches to aided AAC modeling, highlighting areas needing future research, and offering implications for practice.
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Gibbons, Chris, Barry Oken, and Melanie Fried-Oken. "Augmented Input Reveals Word Deafness in a Man with Frontotemporal Dementia." Behavioural Neurology 25, no. 2 (2012): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/264927.
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We describe a 57 year old, right handed, English speaking man initially diagnosed with progressive aphasia. Language assessment revealed inconsistent performance in key areas. Expressive language was reduced to a few short, perseverative phrases. Speech was severely apraxic. Primary modes of communication included gesture, pointing, gaze, physical touch and leading. Responses were 100% accurate when he was provided with written words, with random or inaccurate responses for strictly auditory/verbal input. When instructions to subsequent neuropsychological tests were written instead of spoken, performance improved markedly. A comprehensive audiology assessment revealed no hearing impairment. Neuroimaging was unremarkable. Neurobehavioral evaluation utilizing written input led to diagnoses of word deafness and frontotemporal dementia, resulting in very different management. We highlight the need for alternative modes of language input for assessment and treatment of patients with language comprehension symptoms.
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Bourque, Kathy S. "Peer-Mediated Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interventions for Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Limited to No Spoken Communication." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_persp-20-10001.
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Purpose Increasingly, research has identified effective approaches to improve communication and social engagement of preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with limited spoken communication during interactions with peer partners. These include teaching peers to use the same augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system, along with direct instruction (Thiemann-Bourque et al., 2018 ). The purpose of this research note is to summarize the author's contributions to this literature and provide clinicians with evidence-based strategies to support communicative interactions between children with ASD and peers without disabilities. Method This research note describes a series of studies conducted by the author and her colleagues with a focus on peer-mediated and direct AAC instructional approaches, defining target skills and how to measure effects on children's social communication competence, and the potential benefits of integrating approaches for preschool children with ASD who have significant social and communication needs. Results Outcomes summarized include fidelity of treatment implementation, improved rates of augmented and spoken communication, increased functional communication using different modalities, and enhanced reciprocal communication between children with ASD and peers during routine activities. Study limitations and directions for future intervention research are also discussed. Conclusions Together, the research reviewed shows that peers can be taught to be responsive AAC communication partners at a young age, with high fidelity of strategy implementation by peers and by speech-language pathologists or other early intervention staff. Providing children with increased social learning opportunities within the context of shared AAC activities allows both partners to become more competent in their social communicative interactions.
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Alzrayer, Nouf M. "Transitioning from a low- to high-tech Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) system: effects on augmented and vocal requesting." Augmentative and Alternative Communication 36, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2020.1813196.
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Zahladko, V. "Priority Areas for the Development and Implementation of Alternative Digital Marketing Instruments." Modern Economics 24, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v24(2020)-10.
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Abstract. Introduction. In the context of dynamic convergence of the physical and digital worlds, presence of an incredible amount of information about an individual consumer, critical perception of traditional forms of advertising by society, increased efficiency of data processing and communication, traditional marketing has evolved into a completely new model of digital marketing. Purpose. The principal purpose of this paper is to analyse the basis of the concept of digital marketing and the conditions of its formation; to highlight the features of innovative methods and instruments of digital marketing; to consider its characteristics and to assess effectiveness in the current economic environment. Results. The author developed a definition for digital marketing and highlighted the key advantages of applying digital channels in corporate strategies. A series of alternative instruments for modern digital marketing was analysed: artificial intelligence, machine learning, chatbot, video marketing, augmented reality and influencer marketing. The main characteristics of these instruments were defined, and a critical assessment of their effectiveness was provided based on the comprehensive analysis and data comparison. Conclusions. The modern consumers have full control over the internet media and the content they interact with, which strongly reduces or even eliminates the effectiveness of traditional marketing instruments. As a result, marketing specialists are forced to work in complex and changing circumstances. Today, the principal mean of communication between consumers and brands is digital technology, which has fundamentally changed the context and methods of conducting marketing processes. Digital channels proved to be multifunctional, versatile, practical and efficient. For that reason, companies are relying on digital channels for marketing communications to a greater extent. It justifies the fact why investment in research and development of new digital marketing instruments is constantly growing. Keywords: marketing; marketing channels; digital marketing; digital technologies; target audience; promotion; personalised content.
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Boster, Jamie, and John McCarthy. "When You Can't Touch a Touch Screen." Seminars in Speech and Language 38, no. 04 (September 2017): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604276.
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AbstractA touch screen can be an intuitive interface method for many people. Mobile phones, tablets, and tablet computer combinations have made this technology part of daily use. Touchscreen technologies are common and present unique difficulties for individuals who require alternative access methods. Dedicated augmentative and alternative communication systems continue to offer a range of access methods, but it is also important to examine existing accessibility options from mainstream companies (e.g., Microsoft [Redmond, WA], Apple [Cupertino, CA]) and how current tools can be used to allow individuals to interact with touch screen technologies. An overview of current accessibility features available on popular mainstream devices (e.g., Microsoft Surface, Apple iPad) is provided along with discussion of alternative access methods for current technologies, future research directions, and the potential impact of speech recognition, virtual reality, and augmented reality for interfacing with multiple devices.
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Mirenda, Pat. "Toward Functional Augmentative and Alternative Communication for Students With Autism." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 34, no. 3 (July 2003): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2003/017).
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Many individuals with autism are candidates for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, either to supplement (i.e., augment) their existing speech or to act as their primary (i.e., alternative) method of expressive communication. The purpose of this article is to summarize research and directions for future research with regard to two questions related to the delivery of AAC supports to these individuals: (a) What AAC modality is preferable to use? and (b) What do we know about the use of voice output communication aids with people with autism?
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Joshi, Amrita. "Vedantic applications of augmented reality for strategic social marketing campaigns in India." Journal of Indian Business Research 10, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jibr-10-2017-0189.
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Purpose Social outreach campaigns such as mainstream commercial marketing campaigns are drawn to digital communication practices for increased visibility, speed and recall. This paper aims to highlight the usefulness and application of augmented reality (AR) technologies and proposes a change-driven usage of the AR environments for social marketing. Design/methodology/approach Paradigmatic structural analysis is used to extract the underlying schematic forms. A multimodal analytic approach is used to propose the conceptual framework. Findings AR is defined vis-à-vis conceptualizations of reality and hyper-reality from the Vedantic philosophical texts and treatises. The study examines and demonstrates an earlier version of AR expression in ancient times in the use of spatio-temporal constructs and their degrees of modality. It derives a conceptual schema based on AR resonant applications in narratives from the Vedantic literature. Based on these, the study highlights the persuasive appeal and co-creative potential of these illustrative examples to recommend marketing communication strategies for social outreach campaigns. Research limitations/implications The analysis recognizes a conceptual bridge between human extra-sensory/transcendental ability and contemporary technology. This study identifies five propositional structures (PS). It opens up the field of social marketing research to alternative methodologies such as multimodal analysis. Practical implications While most of contemporary AR usage is in commercial marketing, this study has derived specific guiding principles/propositional structures. These can be applied to create specific virtual environments that can simulate and demonstrate desirable societal outcomes and behaviours. As newer technologies permit further and more futuristic design interventions, developers could experiment with transitional states to impact behaviours, with implications for experimental layering of information. Originality/value This study responds to a call for innovative design interventions in the field of social marketing. Its originality lies in its use of the Vedantic framework which has not been explored in this direction elsewhere.
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Acesta, Arrofa, and Milla Nurmaylany. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUGMENTED REALITY TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA." Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v4i2.79.
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In this study discusses the effect of using augmented reality media on student learning outcomes in class IV in Natural Sciences (IPA) where the problem in this study is that student learning outcomes for Natural Sciences subjects are still low. Because of the lack of use of varied media so that it makes less communication between teachers who provide knowledge with students who receive knowledge become less understanding and less interested in the learning delivered. Because the basis of students' lack of interest in learning, ultimately contributes to the learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there are differences in learning outcomes between classes that use augmented reality learning media with class learning outcomes that use two-dimensional media images before treatment (pretest), after treatment (posttest) and differences in gain of learning outcomes. The research method in this study was an experimental method, carried out at SD 1 Karangtawang, Kuningan District. With a sample consisting of class IV A as an experimental class with 21 students and IV B as a control class with 20 students. Data collection techniques used are documentation and tests. Data obtained were then analyzed using statistical tests including normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis test (t-test). The conclusion from the results of this study that the learning outcomes of students who use augmented reality learning media produce tcount 4.83> ttable 2.02, so the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. With the acceptance of Ha, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of augmented reality media on science learning outcomes.
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Senner, Jill, and Matthew Baud. "Pre-Service Training in AAC: Lessons From School Staff Instruction." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 1, no. 12 (March 31, 2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp1.sig12.24.
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The article is designed to provide speech-language pathologists with information they can use in designing hands-on augmentative & alternative communication (AAC) partner training programs directed toward speech-language pathology graduate students and instructional staff working in schools. First, the article develops a rationale for the need for such instruction. Next, it details necessary elements of such training programs described in the literature. Then, the authors detail the increases in instructional staff use of partner-augmented input following their implementation of a program based upon one of these training approaches. Last, the authors present the lessons they learned that can be applied to the design and implementation of graduate training opportunities in AAC.
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Alliano, Ashley, Kimberly Herriger, Anthony D. Koutsoftas, and Theresa E. Bartolotta. "A Review of 21 iPad Applications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Purposes." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 21, no. 2 (June 2012): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac21.2.60.
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Abstract Using the iPad tablet for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) purposes can facilitate many communicative needs, is cost-effective, and is socially acceptable. Many individuals with communication difficulties can use iPad applications (apps) to augment communication, provide an alternative form of communication, or target receptive and expressive language goals. In this paper, we will review a collection of iPad apps that can be used to address a variety of receptive and expressive communication needs. Based on recommendations from Gosnell, Costello, and Shane (2011), we describe the features of 21 apps that can serve as a reference guide for speech-language pathologists. We systematically identified 21 apps that use symbols only, symbols and text-to-speech, and text-to-speech only. We provide descriptions of the purpose of each app, along with the following feature descriptions: speech settings, representation, display, feedback features, rate enhancement, access, motor competencies, and cost. In this review, we describe these apps and how individuals with complex communication needs can use them for a variety of communication purposes and to target a variety of treatment goals. We present information in a user-friendly table format that clinicians can use as a reference guide.
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Janthanasub, Veerawan. "Ophapasai: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Based on Video-Oculography Control Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 848 (July 2016): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.848.60.
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This paper presents a system of assistive technology based on video-oculography (VOG) control interfaces, namely “Ophapasai”. The system designed specifically for disabled people communicate with the people that surround them. The primary method of this system consists of a selection of pictogram buttons within the circular menu-augment on the screen, which used an inexpensive video-oculography device. The results indicate that Ophapasai was used to support a number of communication functions (100%). Furthermore, we also conducted an evaluation of performance for pointing video-oculography device with three participants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The evaluation used throughput of standards for computer pointing devices as measurement of user performance in a multi-direction point and select task which found, participants can pointing and selection their overall mean throughput was 2.02 bits/s.
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Mnejja, Sirine, Yassine Aydi, Mohamed Abid, Salvatore Monteleone, Vincenzo Catania, Maurizio Palesi, and Davide Patti. "Delta Multi-Stage Interconnection Networks for Scalable Wireless On-Chip Communication." Electronics 9, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060913.
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The Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm emerged as a viable solution to provide an efficient and scalable communication backbone for next-generation Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip. As the number of integrated cores keeps growing, alternatives to the traditional multi-hop wired NoCs, such as wireless Networks-on-Chip (WiNoCs), have been proposed to provide long-range communications in a single hop. In this work, we propose and analyze the integration of the Delta Multistage Interconnection Network (MINs) as a backbone for wireless-enabled NoCs. After extending the well-known Noxim platform to implement a cycle-accurate model of a wireless Delta MIN, we perform a comprehensive set of SystemC simulations to analyze how wireless-augmented Delta MINs can potentially lead to an improvement in both average delay and saturation. Further, we compare the results obtained with traditional mesh-based topologies, reporting energy profiles that show an overall energy cost reduced on both wired/wireless scenarios.
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Schultz, Benjamin G., Venkata S. Aditya Tarigoppula, Gustavo Noffs, Sandra Rojas, Anneke van der Walt, David B. Grayden, and Adam P. Vogel. "Automatic speech recognition in neurodegenerative disease." International Journal of Speech Technology 24, no. 3 (May 4, 2021): 771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-021-09836-w.
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AbstractAutomatic speech recognition (ASR) could potentially improve communication by providing transcriptions of speech in real time. ASR is particularly useful for people with progressive disorders that lead to reduced speech intelligibility or difficulties performing motor tasks. ASR services are usually trained on healthy speech and may not be optimized for impaired speech, creating a barrier for accessing augmented assistance devices. We tested the performance of three state-of-the-art ASR platforms on two groups of people with neurodegenerative disease and healthy controls. We further examined individual differences that may explain errors in ASR services within groups, such as age and sex. Speakers were recorded while reading a standard text. Speech was elicited from individuals with multiple sclerosis, Friedreich’s ataxia, and healthy controls. Recordings were manually transcribed and compared to ASR transcriptions using Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, and IBM Watson. Accuracy was measured as the proportion of words that were correctly classified. ASR accuracy was higher for controls than clinical groups, and higher for multiple sclerosis compared to Friedreich’s ataxia for all ASR services. Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud yielded higher accuracy than IBM Watson. ASR accuracy decreased with increased disease duration. Age and sex did not significantly affect ASR accuracy. ASR faces challenges for people with neuromuscular disorders. Until improvements are made in recognizing less intelligible speech, the true value of ASR for people requiring augmented assistance devices and alternative communication remains unrealized. We suggest potential methods to improve ASR for those with impaired speech.
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Jeon, Kwang Myung, Chan Jun Chun, Hong Kook Kim, and Myung J. Lee. "User-Aware Audio Marker Using Low Frequency Ultrasonic Object Detection and Communication for Augmented Reality." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102004.
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In augmented reality (AR), audio markers can be alternatives to image markers for rendering virtual objects when an AR device camera fails to identify the image marker due to lighting conditions and/or the distance between the marker and device. However, conventional audio markers simply broadcast a rendering queue to anonymous devices, making it difficult to provide specific virtual objects of interest to the user. To overcome this limitation without relying on camera-based sensing, we propose a user-aware audio marker system using low frequency ultrasonic signal processing. The proposed system detects users who stay within the marker using ultrasonic-based object detection, and then it uses ultrasonic communication based on windowed differential phase shift keying modulation in order to send a rendering queue only to those users near the marker. Since the proposed system uses commercial microphones and speakers, conventional telecommunication systems can be employed to deliver the audio markers. The performance of the proposed audio marker system is evaluated in terms of object detection accuracy and communication robustness. First, the object detection accuracy of the proposed system is compared with that of a pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor-based system in indoor environments, and it is shown that the proposed system achieves a lower equal error rate than the PIR sensor-based system. Next, the successful transmission rate of the proposed system is measured for various distances and azimuths under noisy conditions, and it is also shown that the proposed audio marker system can successfully operate up to approximately 4 m without any transmission errors, even with 70 dBSPL ambient noise.
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Bohloul, Seyed Mahdi. "Smart Cities: A Survey on New Developments, Trends, and Opportunities." Journal of Industrial Integration and Management 05, no. 03 (August 8, 2020): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424862220500128.
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The continued growth of the population in urban areas has called for smarter cities for the 21st century. While great progress has been made in the last two decades in this regard, remaining challenges faced by city planners have forced them to pursue an alternative version of smart cities. Recent advancements in several technological areas like 5G communications, blockchain, and virtual/augmented reality have facilitated this process. This paper aims at providing a review of the definitions and components of current smart cities. It also discusses new developments, recent trends, and business opportunities.
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Raposo, Alberto, and Cléber Corrêa. "Editors' Note." Journal on Interactive Systems 9, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/jis.2018.695.
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As we have been doing since 2010, in this issue we publish the best papers of SVR (Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality), that took place at Curitiba, in November 2017. The guest editors, Jauvane Oliveira from The National Laboratory for Scientific Computing (LNCC) and Fátima Nunes from University of São Paulo (USP) invited the best papers of the symposium to submit extended versions to this special issue. Seven of the selected best papers are presented in this issue. We would like to thank Jauvane and Fátima to their valuable contribution to JIS, and invite you to read the Guest Editors’ Note in the following.This issue also has a regular paper by Rúbia Ascari, Roberto Pereira, and Luciano Silva, from the Federal University of Paraná. In this paper, the authors present a systematic literature review on the use of mobile devices for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, aiming to compensate difficulties of verbal expression for people with speech disorders.Enjoy the issue!
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Walters, Casy, Rose A. Sevcik, and MaryAnn Romski. "Spoken Vocabulary Outcomes of Toddlers With Developmental Delay After Parent-Implemented Augmented Language Intervention." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 1023–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00093.
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Purpose Early intervention using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) supports both receptive and expressive language skills. However, many parents and clinicians still worry that augmented language intervention might delay or impair speech development. This study aimed to (a) characterize and analyze the speech sound development of toddlers with developmental delay who participated in a parent-implemented language intervention; (b) examine the accuracy of speech sounds among toddlers who participated in an augmented language intervention using speech-generating devices and toddlers who participated in a traditional, spoken language intervention; and (c) examine the relationship between baseline factors (i.e., receptive and expressive language skills, vocal imitation, and number of unintelligible utterances) and the number of spoken target vocabulary words after intervention. Method This study used extant data from two randomized control trials of parent-implemented language interventions using AAC or spoken language. Out of 109 children who completed the intervention, 45 children produced spoken target vocabulary words at the end of the intervention. We identified and phonetically transcribed spoken target vocabulary words for each child and then classified them based on Shriberg and Kwiatkowski's (1982) developmental sound classes. Results Children's speech sound accuracy was not significantly different across intervention groups. Overall, children who produced more words had more speech sound errors and higher baseline language scores. Intervention group and baseline receptive and expressive language skills significantly predicted the number of spoken target vocabulary words produced at the end of intervention. Conclusions Participation in AAC intervention resulted in significantly more spoken target vocabulary words and no statistically significant differences in speech sound errors when compared to children who received spoken language intervention without AAC. Results support using AAC interventions for very young children without the fear that it will delay speech or spoken language development. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14265365
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Nurfirmansyah, Nenza, Rezki Yuniarti, and Agus Komarudin. "GAME SIMULASI PERAKITAN RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA DASAR UNTUK SISWA SMK KELAS X BERTEKNOLOGI MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY." JUMANJI (Jurnal Masyarakat Informatika Unjani) 4, no. 01 (July 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26874/jumanji.v4i01.69.
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The increasingly high quality curriculum that will be implemented certainly has to be accompanied by needs with good quality standards as well. It is often difficult for the education provider to provide the need for tools to support practice, with high prices and modules that are not always available making it difficult for students to study independently in these circumstances. Game is one of the media to be able to do things in the real world without the need to have real equipment, such as education games with the genre of serious games that have been developed as alternative media of modern education, accompanied by Augmented Reality (AR) technology, This simulation can be achieved by pretty good. So, the purpose of this research is to design an educational game with a simulation game genre that can represent basic electronic practice by Vocational High School students so that students can learn independently more easily and lower costs and reduce the risk of errors when do practical work directly. The game is designed with the Design Thinking approach with Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) to simulate virtual objects. Based on the results of the game test evaluation through a questionnaire on vocational students majoring in Communication Electronics as many as 30 students, where aspects were tested terari from the respondent's background, interaction with the User Interface, and User Experience obtained by respondents from game simulations showed that the average respondent was interested in doing basic electronics assembly through simulation games with a score of 83.10% and can receive a pretty good education through the game with 79.16% test results.
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Cortes Mendez, Jairo Augusto, Maria Alejandra Gonzalez B, Jaime Alberto Paez Paez, and Adiela Ruiz. "LA REALIDAD AUMENTADA COMO APOYO DIDÁCTICO EN EL APRENDIZAJE DEL DOBLAJE DE ALAMBRES EN LOS PROCEDIMIENTOS DE ORTODONCIA Y ORTOPEDIA." Redes de Ingeniería 6, no. 1 (September 5, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.redes.2015.1.a03.
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Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) enriquecen el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje; el uso de los ambientes en Realidad Aumentada como apoyo a los procedimientos odontológicos, a través de la utilización de procesos educativos en la preclínica de ortodoncia, surge como alternativa para mejorar la práctica de los estudiantes en diferentes rutinas. El objetivo general de la investigación fue diseñar, implementar y evaluar una aplicación de la Realidad Aumentada como apoyo a los procedimientos odontológicos. La investigación se realizó en tres fases. Al aplicar la estrategia didáctica propuesta se buscaba determinar si esta es una herramienta más eficaz que el método de enseñanza tradicional para la enseñanza de los contenidos relacionados con doblaje de alambres en ortodoncia. El resultado de la investigación fue una aplicación en ambiente de Realidad Aumentada como apoyo a los procedimientos odontológicos, por medio de la utilización de procesos educativos en la preclínica de ortodoncia.Augmented Reality as a Didactic Support in the Learning of Dubbing of Wires in Orthodontic and Orthopedic ProceduresAbstractThe information and communications technology (ICT) enrich the teaching-learning process; the use of augmented reality environments to support dental procedures through the use of educational processes in preclinical orthodontic emerges as an alternative to improve the practice of students in different routines. The overall objective of the research was to design, implement and evaluate an application of Augmented Reality to support dental procedures. The research was conducted in three phases. By applying the teaching strategy proposal sought to determine if this is one that the traditional teaching method for teaching content related to orthodontic wires dubbing most effective tool. The result of the research was an application in Augmented Reality environment to support dental procedures, through the use of educational processes in pre-clinical orthodontics.Keywords: Instructional Design, Educational Technology, Virtual Environment
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Sadao, Kathleen C., Jennifer Brown, and Debbie Grant. "Assistive Technology Toolkit to Increase Access to Early Learning Environments for Young Children With Disabilities." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 18, no. 1 (April 2009): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac18.1.11.
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Abstract The development of assistive technology (AT) and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions for young children with disabilities is rapidly expanding with a range of no-tech, low-tech, and high-tech approaches to provide access to adapted and augmented tools for participation in inclusive early childhood settings. Discrepancies exist in the legal requirements to consider AT and AAC for all children in the IFSP/IEP planning process. Researchers in the applications of AT and AAC with young children identify the importance of activity-based approaches that infuse AT methods and AAC systems within natural routines for young children. This article focuses on the development of an AT Toolkit Guide for early intervention and early childhood providers. The development of the AT Toolkit concept, content, and applications is based on research-based methods and tools with demonstrated effectiveness to promote language development, emergent literacy skills, play, mobility, and interaction with the environment for young children with disabilities. Suggested items, sources, applications and development guidelines for the SWEET AT Toolkit are provided.
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Lin, Lung-Chang, Chen-Sen Ouyang, Rong-Ching Wu, Rei-Cheng Yang, and Ching-Tai Chiang. "Alternative Diagnosis of Epilepsy in Children Without Epileptiform Discharges Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks." International Journal of Neural Systems 30, no. 05 (February 18, 2019): 1850060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500600.
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Numerous nonepileptic paroxysmal events, such as syncope and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, may imitate seizures and impede diagnosis. Misdiagnosis can lead to mistreatment, affecting patients’ lives considerably. Electroencephalography is commonly used for diagnosing epilepsy. Although on electroencephalograms (EEGs), epileptiform discharges (ED) specifically indicate epilepsy, only approximately 50% of patients with epilepsy have ED in their first EEG. In this study, we developed a deep convolutional neural network (ConvNet)-based classifier to distinguish EEG between patients with epilepsy without ED and controls. Overall, 25 patients with epilepsy without ED in their EEGs and 25 age-matched patients with Tourette syndrome or syncope were enrolled. Their EEGs were classified using the deep ConvNet. When the EEG data without overlapping were used, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 65.00%, 48.00%, and 82.00%, respectively. The performance measures improved when the input EEG data were augmented through overlapping. With 95% EEG data overlapping, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity increased to 80.00%, 70.00%, and 90.00%, respectively. The proposed method could be regarded as a pilot study to demonstrate a proof of concept of a potential diagnostic value of deep ConvNet in patients with epilepsy without ED. Further studies are needed to assist neurologists in distinguishing nonepileptic paroxysmal events from epilepsy.
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Kaur, Satwinder, Lavish Kansal, Gurjot Singh Gaba, and Mohannad A. M. Al-Ja'afari. "BER Assessment of FBMC Systems Augmented with Different Space-Time Coding Schemes Over Diverse Channels." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.8 (July 7, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.8.16844.
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Diverse methodologies of encoding schemes like space-time block codes (STBC), orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) &quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (QOSTBC) are being proposed as alternatives of basic Alamouti space-time encoding scheme for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) scheme for existing wireless communication systems. Since filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) scheme is an integral part of the 5th generation (5G) cellular systems, the performance of these schemes needs to be investigated for FBMC methodology also. Alamouti and Space-time block codes are widely used in MIMO system because of their ability to achieve full diversity and the different channels are used at the receiver. In this work, we proposed different approaches for the bit error rate (BER) of Alamouti, STBC3, and STBC4 in FBMC. These approaches are based on the type of space-time encoding and number of receiving antennas being used for each space time encoding scheme for analyzing the MIMO-FBMC. Moreover, we also investigation the performance of these proposed MIMO schemes over Rayleigh and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and compared it with the performance of BER or signal to noise ratio (SNR) of different channels.
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Devasundaram, Ashvin Immanuel. "Interrogating Patriarchy: Transgressive Discourses of ‘F-Rated’ Independent Hindi Films." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 11, no. 1 (June 2020): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927620935236.
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Since its inception at the Bath Film Festival 2014, the ‘F-Rating’ has been adopted as a yardstick to foster equitable representation of women in film. The rise of a new sub-genre of Hindi ‘Indie’ cinema (Devasundaram, 2016, 2018) has been augmented by an array of bona fide Female-rated independent films. These films fulfil the triune criteria for F-Rating, featuring women both behind and in front of the camera – as directors, actors and scriptwriters. I argue that these distinct female voices in new independent Hindi cinema have engendered discursive filmic spaces of resistance – alternative articulations that transgress India’s patriarchal national master narrative. Indian cinema thus far has been presided over by Bollywood’s hegemonic bastion of male-dominated discourses. The mainstream industry continues to propagate gender-based wage disparity and hypersexualised representations of the female body via the serialised song and dance spectacle of the ‘item number’. The increasing presence of F-Rated Hindi films on the international film festival circuit and through wider releases, gestures towards these films’ melding of the global and local. Drawing on my curation work with the UK Asian Film Festival (UKAFF) and discursive analyses of seminal F-Rated films, this essay highlights the pivotal role played by F-Rated Hindi Indie films in opening up transdiscursive dimensions and creating national and global conversations around issues of gender inequities in India.
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Nandong, Jobrun, and Zhuquan Zang. "Inter-Communicative Decentralized Multi-Scale Control (ICD-MSC) Scheme: A New Approach to Overcome MIMO Process Interactions." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2014-0002.
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Abstract Decentralized PID control has been extensively used in process industry due to its functional simplicity. But designing an effective decentralized PID control system is very challenging because of process interactions and dead times, which often impose limitations on control performance. In practice, to alleviate the detrimental effect of process interactions on control performance, decoupling controllers are often incorporated into a decentralized control scheme. In many cases, these conventional decoupling controllers are not physically realizable or too complex for practical implementation. In this paper, we propose an alternative scheme to overcome the performance limitation imposed by process interactions. This new control scheme is extended from the SISO multi-scale control scheme previously developed for nonminimum-phase processes. The salient feature of the new control scheme lies in its communicative structure enabling collaborative communication among all the sub-controllers in the system. This communicative structure serves the purpose of reducing the detrimental effect of process interactions leading to improved control performance and performance robustness. Extensive numerical study shows that the new control scheme is able to outperform some existing decentralized control schemes augmented with traditional decoupling controllers.
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Will, Patrick A., Christoph Hirche, Juan Enrique Berner, Ulrich Kneser, and Emre Gazyakan. "Lymphovenous anastomoses with three-dimensional digital hybrid visualization: improving ergonomics for supermicrosurgery in lymphedema." Archives of Plastic Surgery 48, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2020.01949.
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The conventional approach of looking down a microscope to perform microsurgical procedures is associated with occupational injuries, anti-ergonomic postures, and increased tremor and fatigue, all of which predispose microsurgeons to early retirement. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) visualization of real-time microscope magnification has been developed as an alternative. Despite its commercial availability, no supermicrosurgical procedures have been reported using this technology to date. Lymphovenous anastomoses (LVAs) often require suturing vessels with diameters of 0.2–0.8 mm, thus representing the ultimate microsurgical challenge. After performing the first documented LVA procedure using 3D-augmented visualization in our unit and gaining experience with this technique, we conducted an anonymized in-house survey among microsurgeons who had used this approach. The participants considered that 3D visualization for supermicrosurgery was equivalent in terms of handling, optical detail, depth resolution, and safety to conventional binocular magnification. This survey revealed that team communication, resident education, and ergonomics were superior using 3D digital hybrid visualization. Postoperative muscle fatigue, tremor, and pain were also reduced. The major drawbacks of the 3D visualization microscopic systems are the associated costs, required space, and difficulty of visualizing the lymphatic contrast used.
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Blattgerste, Jonas, Kristina Luksch, Carmen Lewa, and Thies Pfeiffer. "TrainAR: A Scalable Interaction Concept and Didactic Framework for Procedural Trainings Using Handheld Augmented Reality." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5070030.
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The potential of Augmented Reality (AR) for educational and training purposes is well known. While large-scale deployments of head-mounted AR headsets remain challenging due to technical limitations and cost factors, advances in mobile devices and tracking solutions introduce handheld AR devices as a powerful, broadly available alternative, yet with some restrictions. One of the current limitations of AR training applications on handheld AR devices is that most offer rather static experiences, only providing descriptive knowledge with little interactivity. Holistic concepts for the coverage of procedural knowledge are largely missing. The contribution of this paper is twofold. We propose a scalabe interaction concept for handheld AR devices with an accompanied didactic framework for procedural training tasks called TrainAR. Then, we implement TrainAR for a training scenario in academics for the context of midwifery and explain the educational theories behind our framework and how to apply it for procedural training tasks. We evaluate and subsequently improve the concept based on three formative usability studies (n = 24), where explicitness, redundant feedback mechanisms and onboarding were identified as major success factors. Finally, we conclude by discussing derived implications for improvements and ongoing and future work.
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SLOBODOVÁ, ANNA. "ON THE POWER OF ONE-WAY GLOBALLY DETERMINISTIC SYNCHRONIZED ALTERNATING TURING MACHINES AND MULTIHEAD AUTOMATA." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 06, no. 04 (December 1995): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054195000238.
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The alternating model augmented by a special simple form of communication among parallel processes—the so-called synchronized alternating (SA) model, provides (besides others) nice characterizations of the space complexity classes defined by nondeterministic Turing machines. The model investigated in this paper — globally deterministic synchronized alternating (GDSA) model—is obtained by a feasible restriction of nondeterminism in SA. It is known that it characterizes the deterministic counterparts of the nondeterministic space classes characterized by the SA model. In the paper we resume in the investigation of GDSA solving the open questions about the computational power of the one-way GDSA models. It is known that in the case of space-bounded Turing machine and multihead automata, the one-way SA models are equivalent to their two-way counterparts. We show that the same holds for GDSA models. The results contribute to the knowledge about the model and imply new characterizations of the deterministic space complexity classes.
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MCCOY, KATHLEEN F., CHRISTOPHER A. PENNINGTON, and ARLENE LUBEROFF BADMAN. "Compansion: From research prototype to practical integration." Natural Language Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 1998): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324998001843.
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Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) is the field of study concerned with providing devices and techniques to augment the communicative ability of a person whose disability makes it difficult to speak or otherwise communicate in an understandable fashion. For several years, we have been applying natural language processing techniques to the field of AAC to develop intelligent communication aids that attempt to provide linguistically correct output while increasing communication rate. Previous effort has resulted in a research prototype called Compansion that expands telegraphic input. In this paper we describe that research prototype and introduce the Intelligent Parser Generator (IPG). IPG is intended to be a practical embodiment of the research prototype aimed at a group of users who have cognitive impairments that affect their linguistic ability. We describe both the theoretical underpinnings of Compansion and the practical considerations in developing a usable system for this population of users.
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Hanson, Elizabeth K. "My Client Talks! Do I Still Need to Consider AAC in my Treatment Planning? Speech Supplementation Strategies: AAC for Clients Who Talk!" Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 23, no. 3 (June 2014): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac23.3.124.
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People with motor speech disorders often persist in using their natural speech to communicate despite low intelligibility and frequent communication breakdowns. Their speech may be functional in some situations, such as with familiar partners in quiet settings, but not across the variety of communication situations they face. Speech supplementation strategies, such as alphabet supplementation, allow speakers to augment their speech with additional cues. For example, alphabet supplementation, which means the speaker points to the first letter of each word while speaking, has been shown to increase speech intelligibility at the word level with an average gain of 11% and at the sentence level with an average gain of 26% (Hanson, Yorkston, & Beukelman, 2004). This form of AAC can help speakers bridge the gap between ineffective communication with natural speech and total reliance on alternative communication methods (Hanson, Yorkston, & Britton, 2011). The purpose of this article is to summarize the evidence in the area of speech supplementation, provide direction to integrate the strategies into treatment planning, and to suggest research directions for this rich area of study.
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Laolob, Thanet, Nuntavan Bunyapraphatsara, Neti Waranuch, Sutatip Pongcharoen, Wikorn Punyain, Sirirat Chancharunee, Krisada Sakchaisri, et al. "Enhancement of Lipolysis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Nitroarene Capsaicinoid Analogs." Natural Product Communications 16, no. 1 (January 2021): 1934578X2098794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20987949.
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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation by capsaicin binding increased intracellular calcium influx and stimulated adipocyte-to-adipocyte communication, leading to lipolysis. Generally, enhancement of π-stacking capabilities improves certain binding interactions. Notably, nitroarenes exhibit strong binding interactions with aromatic amino acid side chains in proteins. New capsaicinoid analogs were designed by substitution of the OCH3 group with a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) group on the vanillyl ring to investigate how π-stacking interactions in capsaicinoid analogs contribute to lipolysis. Capsaicinoid analogs, nitro capsaicin (5), and nitro dihydrocapsaicin (6) were prepared in moderate yields via coupling of a nitroaromatic amine salt and fatty acids. Oil Red O staining and triglyceride assays with 10 µM loading of capsaicin (CAP), dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), 5, and 6 were performed to investigate their effect on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Both assay results indicated that 5 and 6 decreased lipid accumulation by 13.6% and 14.7%, respectively, and significantly reduced triglyceride content by 26.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in comparison with the control experiment. Furthermore, the decrease in triglyceride content observed in response to nitroarene capsaicinoid analogs was approximately 2-folds higher than that of CAP and DHC. These results arose from the NO2 group augmented π-π stacking with Tyr511 and the attractive charge interaction with Glu570 affecting binding interactions with TRPV1 receptors.
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Winfield, Sarah, and Declan Hyland. "A literature review of whether communication skills specific to psychiatry are being taught to medical undergraduates around the world." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S301—S302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.797.
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AimsThe ability to communicate effectively is an imperative skill for clinicians to master as doctor-patient communication is one of the most essential dynamics in health care. Patients with a mental disorder present a unique challenge for doctors with regards to effective communication due to the nature of their illness.This literature review aimed to determine whether medical undergraduates around the world are taught psychiatric communication skills.MethodIn January 2021, the following electronic databases were searched for articles relating to medical undergraduates, the concept of psychiatric communication skills and the teaching and support of such skill development: ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SAGE and Web of Science. Combinations of keywords focussed the content of papers and truncation obtained alternative word endings. Generated articles were appraised iteratively for suitability against pre-defined inclusion criteria. The bibliographies of eligible articles were then examined to capture any further relevant studies. Ethical approval was not required.Result1040 citations of potential relevance were initially identified. Following an iterative screening process, 10 articles (from seven different countries) were eligible for inclusion. 70% of papers used the modality of simulated patients to teach psychiatric communication skills and Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) was used to create “virtual patients” for undergraduates to engage with. Discussing sensitive and emotive topics, such as suicide attempts or substance misuse, was less commonly taught compared to conditions such as anxiety and depression. Only 10% of papers explicitly taught medical undergraduates empathy or written communication skills and the importance placed on psychiatric teaching differed between countries.ConclusionThis literature review showed that some medical undergraduates receive psychiatric communication skills teaching, but the format and content of this varies. Increased consideration of incorporating TEL into psychiatric communications skills teaching is pertinent given undergraduates’ reduced face-to-face patient contact during the COVID-19 pandemic, but further work is needed to validate such technology. Written communication skills are rarely taught but are imperative given the high volume of written correspondence in clinical practice. Delivering such teaching is feasible and should be incorporated into undergraduate curricula. Medical educators need to consider cultural differences when developing psychiatric communication skills teaching. Cultural influences not only affect undergraduate perceptions of psychiatry and mental illness, but also a patient's understanding and interpretation of their illness experience. Medical undergraduates may come from various cultural backgrounds, so actively discussing these differences opportunistically may augment the ability of medical undergraduates to be empathetic and establish therapeutic rapport with patients with mental illness.
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Offermann-van Heek, Julia, Philipp Brauner, and Martina Ziefle. "Let’s Talk about TEX—Understanding Consumer Preferences for Smart Interactive Textile Products Using a Conjoint Analysis Approach." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093152.
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Interactive textiles are reaching maturity. First technology augmented textiles in form of clothes and furnitures are becoming commercially available. In contrast to the close link between technological development and innovations, future users’ acceptance and usage of such interactive textiles has not been integrated sufficiently, yet. The current study investigates future users’ consumer behavior and acceptance of interactive textiles using a scenario-based conjoint analysis study, which was presented in an online questionnaire ( n = 324 ). Two prototypical interactive textiles were focused on: a smart jacket and a smart armchair. To assess the textile products, the participants had to choose the preferred product alternative consisting each of the acceptance-relevant factors “connectivity”, “input modality”, “feature range”, “usability”, and “ease of cleaning”and their respective levels. The results revealed that the “ease of cleaning” is the most important decision criterion for both textile devices (even more important for the smart jacket), followed by “feature range”, “connectivity”, and “usability”. In contrast, the “input modality” is perceived as least important. The study also identified user profiles based on the projected consumer behavior (“adopters”, “rejecters”, and “undecided”) for both products. Besides the differences in product evaluation and projected consumer behavior, the user groups are significantly influenced by the individual affinity to textiles (both products) and gender (smart jacket). The findings are used to derive design and communication guidelines referring to interactive textiles in order to incorporate users’ needs, wishes, and requirements into future products.
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Drager, Kathryn D. R. "Aided Modeling Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Who Require AAC." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 18, no. 4 (December 2009): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac18.4.114.
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Traditionally, instruction in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) has focused on facilitating expressive communication. However, several related interventions also have been described, with the goal of enhancing input. These “aided modeling interventions” require that the speaking partner use AAC as well as speech, in order to provide a model to the AAC user that is consistent with the type of output that is expected. Such interventions also show the child how the system can be used and may facilitate comprehension for children who have difficulty with spoken words alone, by providing additional visual information. Aided modeling interventions share several components: (a) they are implemented during opportunities that arise out of natural contexts, (b) they augment the spoken input the child receives, and (c) they employ modeling to expand vocabulary. This article discusses the research evidence suggesting that aided modeling interventions may be effective for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Future research directions are also discussed.
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Ong, Caroline Choo Phaik, Candy Suet Cheng Choo, Nigel Choon Kiat Tan, and Lin Yin Ong. "Unanticipated learning effects in videoconference continuous professional development." Asia Pacific Scholar 6, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29060/taps.2021-6-4/sc2484.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated use of technology like videoconferencing (VC) in healthcare settings to maintain clinical teaching and continuous professional development (CPD) activities. Sociomaterial theory highlights the relationship of humans with sociomaterial forces, including technology. We used sociomaterial framing to review effect on CPD learning outcomes of morbidity and mortality meetings (M&M) when changed from face-to-face (FTF) to VC. Methods: All surgical department staff were invited to participate in a survey about their experience of VC M&M compared to FTF M&M. Survey questions focused on technological impact of the learning environment and CPD outcomes. Respondents used 5-point Likert scale and free text for qualitative responses. De-identified data was analysed using Chi-squared comparative analysis with p<0.05 significance, and qualitative responses categorised. Results: Of 42 invited, 30 (71.4%) responded. There was no significant difference in self-reported perception of CPD learning outcomes between FTF and VC M&M. Participants reported that VC offered more convenient meeting access, improved ease of presentation and viewing but reduced engagement. VC technology allowed alternative communication channels that improved understanding and increased junior participation. Participants requested more technological support, better connectivity and guidance on VC etiquette. Conclusion: VC technology had predictable effects of improved access, learning curve problems and reduced interpersonal connection. Sociomaterial perspective revealed additional unexpected VC behaviours of chat box use that augmented CPD learning. Recognising the sociocultural and emotional impact of technology improves planning and learner support when converting FTF to VC M&M.
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Sahnan, Kapil, Samuel O. Adegbola, Philip J. Tozer, Uday Patel, Rajpandian Ilangovan, Janindra Warusavitarne, Omar D. Faiz, Ailsa L. Hart, Robin K. S. Phillips, and Phillip F. C. Lung. "Innovation in the imaging of perianal fistula: a step towards personalised medicine." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 11 (January 1, 2018): 175628481877506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756284818775060.
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Background: Perianal fistula is a topic both hard to understand and to teach. The key to understanding the treatment options and the likely success is deciphering the exact morphology of the tract(s) and the amount of sphincter involved. Our aim was to explore alternative platforms better to understand complex perianal fistulas through three-dimensional (3D) imaging and reconstruction. Methods: Digital imaging and communications in medicine images of spectral attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were imported onto validated open-source segmentation software. A specialist consultant gastrointestinal radiologist performed segmentation of the fistula, internal and external sphincter. Segmented files were exported as stereolithography files. Cura (Ultimaker Cura 3.0.4) was used to prepare the files for printing on an Ultimaker 3 Extended 3D printer. Animations were created in collaboration with Touch Surgery™. Results: Three examples of 3D printed models demonstrating complex perianal fistula were created. The anatomical components are displayed in different colours: red: fistula tract; green: external anal sphincter and levator plate; blue: internal anal sphincter and rectum. One of the models was created to be split in half, to display the internal opening and allow complexity in the intersphincteric space to better evaluated. An animation of MRI fistulography of a trans-sphincteric fistula tract with a cephalad extension in the intersphincteric space was also created. Conclusion: MRI is the reference standard for assessment of perianal fistula, defining anatomy and guiding surgery. However, communication of findings between radiologist and surgeon remains challenging. Feasibility of 3D reconstructions of complex perianal fistula is realized, with the potential to improve surgical planning, communication with patients, and augment training.
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Fox, Lynn E. "AAC Collaboration Using the Self-Anchored Rating Scales (SARS): An Aphasia Case Study." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 21, no. 4 (December 2012): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac21.4.136.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The self-anchored rating scale (SARS) is a technique that augments collaboration between Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) interventionists, their clients, and their clients' support networks. SARS is a technique used in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, a branch of systemic family counseling. It has been applied to treating speech and language disorders across the life span, and recent case studies show it has promise for promoting adoption and long-term use of high and low tech AAC. I will describe 2 key principles of solution-focused therapy and present 7 steps in the SARS process that illustrate how clinicians can use the SARS to involve a person with aphasia and his or her family in all aspects of the therapeutic process. I will use a case study to illustrate the SARS process and present outcomes for one individual living with aphasia.
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Vidal-Balea, Aida, Óscar Blanco-Novoa, Paula Fraga-Lamas, and Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés. "Developing the Next Generation of Augmented Reality Games for Pediatric Healthcare: An Open-Source Collaborative Framework Based on ARCore for Implementing Teaching, Training and Monitoring Applications." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 7, 2021): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051865.
Full textAbstract:
Augmented Reality (AR) provides an alternative to the traditional forms of interaction between humans and machines, and facilitates the access to certain technologies to groups of people with special needs like children. For instance, in pediatric healthcare, it is important to help children to feel comfortable during medical procedures and tests that may be performed on them. To tackle such an issue with the help of AR-based solutions, this article presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a novel open-source collaborative framework that enables to develop teaching, training, and monitoring pediatric healthcare applications. Specifically, such a framework allows for building collaborative applications and shared experiences for AR devices, providing functionalities for connecting with other AR devices and enabling real-time visualization and simultaneous interaction with virtual objects. Since all the communications involved in AR interactions are handled by AR devices, the proposed collaborative framework is able to operate autonomously through a Local Area Network (LAN), thus requiring no cloud or external servers. In order to demonstrate the potential of the proposed framework, a practical use case application is presented. Such an application has been designed to motivate pediatric patients and to encourage them to increase their physical activity through AR games. The presented games do not require any previous configuration, as they use ARCore automatic surface detection technology. Moreover, the AR mobile gaming framework allows multiple players to engage in the same AR experience, so children can interact and collaborate among them sharing the same AR content. In addition, the proposed AR system provides a remote web application that is able to collect and to visualize data on patient use, aiming to provide healthcare professionals with qualified data about the mobility and mood of their patients through an intuitive and user-friendly web tool. Finally, to determine the performance of the proposed AR system, this article presents its evaluation in terms of latency and processing time. The results show that both times are low enough to provide a good user experience.