Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alternating copolymer

Academic literature on the topic 'Alternating copolymer'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alternating copolymer"

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Khattari, Z., and S. Hamasha. "The interaction effects on the adsorption properties of an alternating copolymer chain at liquid–liquid interface." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 32 (December 14, 2014): 1450229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214502294.

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Analytical and numerical methods have been combined to investigate the effect of monomers-interfacial interactions on the behavior of a single alternating polymer chain at liquid–liquid interface. The exact Green's function of a Gaussian copolymer chain at attractive penetrable interface has been employed to determine monomer distribution profiles ρ(z), mean-square end-to-end distance 〈R2(z)〉 and the interfacial tension Δγ of the alternating copolymer chain. A comparison between the diblock and alternating copolymer chain is presented. Our model shows that, the alternating copolymer adsorbs more readily than the diblock copolymer at liquid–liquid interface. Also, these copolymers are able to reduce the interfacial tension when presented at the interface.
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Brymora, Katarzyna, Wissem Khelifi, Hussein Awada, Sylvie Blanc, Lionel Hirsch, Antoine Bousquet, Christine Lartigau-Dagron, and Frédéric Castet. "Comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of near infrared absorbing copolymers based on dithienosilole." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 21 (2020): 3637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00330a.

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Szkudlarek, Marian, Elisabeth Heine, Helmut Keul, Uwe Beginn, and Martin Möller. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties of Peptides Mimicking Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and 4-Methyl-1-pentene." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 4, 2018): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092617.

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Synthetic amphiphilic copolymers with strong antimicrobial properties mimicking natural antimicrobial peptides were obtained via synthesis of an alternating copolymer of maleic anhydride and 4-methyl-1-pentene. The obtained copolymer was modified by grafting with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine (DMAPA) and imidized in a one-pot synthesis. The obtained copolymer was modified further to yield polycationic copolymers by means of quaternization with methyl iodide and dodecyl iodide, as well as by being sequentially quaternized with both of them. The antimicrobial properties of obtained copolymers were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Both tested quaternized copolymers were more active against the Gram-negative E. coli than against the Gram-positive S. aureus. The copolymer modified with both iodides was best when tested against E. coli and, comparing all three copolymers, also exhibited the best effect against S. aureus. Moreover, it shows (limited) selectivity to differentiate between mammalian cells and bacterial cell walls. Comparing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Nisin against the Gram-positive bacteria on the molar basis instead on the weight basis, the difference between the effect of Nisin and the copolymer is significantly lower.
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Sugimoto, Hiroshi. "Carbon Dioxide/Epoxide Alternating Copolymer." Seikei-Kakou 23, no. 9 (August 20, 2011): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.23.532.

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Li, Ting Ting, Zhi Ming Zhang, He Ti Li, and Jie Cao. "Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Random Copolymer by Xylene." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1075.

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Radical copolymerization of styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MA) were typically alternating copolymerization, which generated copolymer styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA). The copolymer was synthesized by solution polymerization method,with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator and xylene as solvent, and using the yield of copolymer as evaluation criteria, the reaction conditions were researched. The maleic anhydride of molar fraction was 45% in the copolymer measured by chemical titration, combined with the theoretical that the synthesis of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer was confirmed to be the alternating copolymer. The structure and character of the copolymer was also confirmed by IR. The glass-transition temperature of the alternating copolymer was tested by DSC.
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Urban, Marek W., Dmitriy Davydovich, Ying Yang, Tugba Demir, Yunzhi Zhang, and Leah Casabianca. "Key-and-lock commodity self-healing copolymers." Science 362, no. 6411 (October 11, 2018): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat2975.

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Self-healing materials are notable for their ability to recover from physical or chemical damage. We report that commodity copolymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate)/n-butyl acrylate [p(MMA/nBA)] and their derivatives, can self-heal upon mechanical damage. This behavior occurs in a narrow compositional range for copolymer topologies that are preferentially alternating with a random component (alternating/random) and is attributed to favorable interchain van der Waals forces forming key-and-lock interchain junctions. The use of van der Waals forces instead of supramolecular or covalent rebonding or encapsulated reactants eliminates chemical and physical alterations and enables multiple recovery upon mechanical damage without external intervention. Unlike other self-healing approaches, perturbation of ubiquitous van der Waals forces upon mechanical damage is energetically unfavorable for interdigitated alternating/random copolymer motifs that facilitate self-healing under ambient conditions.
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McNeill, Ian C., and Musarrat Halima Mohammed. "Thermal degradation studies of alternating copolymers: IV. The alternating copolymer of acenaphthylene and maleic anhydride." Polymer Degradation and Stability 56, no. 2 (May 1997): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(96)00172-3.

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Neubauer, Brigitte, Gerhard Zifferer, and Oskar Friedrich Olaj. "Lattice Monte Carlo investigations on copolymer systems, 3. Alternating and random copolymers." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3919(19980101)7:1<189::aid-mats189>3.0.co;2-v.

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Spontak, Richard J., Steven D. Smith, and Arman Ashraf. "Molecular-weight factors affecting formation of the OBBD morphology in block copolymer blends." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129772.

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Microphase-separated diblock copolymers have been known since 1970 to exhibit three principal morphologies. These morphologies depend on the composition of the copolymer and include dispersed spheres of the minor component on either a BCC or FCC lattice, dispersed cylinders of the minor component on a hexagonal lattice, or alternating lamellae. Recent microstructural studies of starblock and diblock copolymers have shown that an ordered bicontinuous morphology is observed between the lamellar and cylindrical regimes. This microstructure is currently referred to as the ordered bicontinuous double-diamond (OBDD) morphology and is an example of the Pn3m space group. In poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (SI) diblock copolymers, it exists at approximately 62-66 vol% polystyrene (PS). Efforts aimed at producing this morphology by blending a copolymer with various PS homopolymers have also been successful, when the blend composition is 65-67 vol% PS and the molecular weight of the hompolymer (Mhps) is less than that of the styrene block in the copolymer (Ms). In this work, we have used transmission electron microscopy to elucidate some additional factors responsible for development of the OBDD and other bicontinuous morphologies.
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Lokaj, Jan, Miroslav Bleha, and Jana Kovářová. "DieneN-(2,4,6-Tribromophenyl)maleimide Copolymer Membranes for Pervaporation of Ethanol-Water Mixtures." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 9 (1994): 2000–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19942000.

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Alternating copolymers of butadiene or isoprene with N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)maleimide and the copolymer of chloroprene containing 42.7 mole % N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)maleimide structure units were synthesized by radical copolymerization. Along with copolymerization, the Diels-Alder addition of comonomers proceeded. DSC revealed some crosslinking of the copolymers occurring even at room temperature. Homogeneous membranes were prepared from the copolymers by solution casting and tested in pervaporation of variously concentrated aqueous ethanol. Separation factors of the membranes related to the preferentially transported water increased with increasing content of ethanol in solutions to be separated. In contrast to hydrophilic maleimide groups, the incorporated diene units lowered separation efficiency due to their affinity to ethanol.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternating copolymer"

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Lazzara, Thomas Dominic. "Self-assembled styrene based alternating copolymer nanotubes : modeling and experiment." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112531.

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The structure and association behaviour of poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (SMA) and poly(styrene-alt-N,N-dimethylpropylamide) (SMI) polymers were studied using molecular modeling. The conformational studies were carried out at a semi-empirical PM3 level. SMA and SMI polymers were found to associate into nanotubes. These nanotubes have primary, secondary and tertiary structures. The primary structure is the conformation the polymer takes depending on the degree of protonation and its chirality. The secondary structure is the association of many polymers to form a nanotube structure. The tertiary structure is a higher order aggregation between the nanotubes.
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Hadasha, Waled Ajili. "Alternating hetero-arm copolymer molecular brushes as scaffolds for inorganic nano-wires." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79841.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes the synthesis and self-assembly of hetero-arm molecular brushes (hetero-arm MBs). These MBs consist of two polymeric side chains (SCs) of different natures, alternatingly distributed along the main chain (backbone). Two different types of hetero-arm MBs were prepared: first, alternating amphiphlic hetero-arm MBs (AMBs), and second, alternating hetero-arm MBs (AHMBs). Hetero-arm AMBs were synthesized via two strategies: (I) via a combination of “grafting through” and “grafting onto”, and (II) via “grafting through”. In approach (I), poly[vinyl benzyl (polyethylene glycol)-alt-N-alkyl-maleimide)] (poly[VB-(PEG12)-alt-N-(CnH2n+1)-MI]) was prepared via radical copolymerization of vinyl benzyl-terminated polyethylene glycol (VB-PEG12) with maleic anhydride (MAnh) (grafting through), which produces graft copolymers with PEG SCs and reactive succinic anhydride repeat units alternatingly distributed along the backbone. These graft copolymers were then modified by nucleophilic substitution (imidization) with alkyl amines (CnH2n+1-NH2) on the succinic anhydride residues (grafting onto). Three different primary amines possessing different alkyl chain lengths (n = 4, 12 and 16) were used in the modification process. In this way, hetero-arm AMBs with different hydrophilic to hydrophobic ratios were obtained. In approach (II), similar hetero-arm AMBs were prepared in a one-step grafting through approach. In this case, poly[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(CnH2n+1)-MI] (n = 10, 16 and 20) was prepared via radical copolymerization of VB-PEG17 with N-dodecylmaleimide, N-hexadecylmaleimide and N-icosylmaleimide. Following the synthesis step, self-assembly of these hetero-arm AMBs in arm-selective solvents was investigated in relation to the alkyl chain length. The morphology of the obtained assemblies was characterized by Field Emission gun-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fluorescence Microscopy (a fluorescent dye was encapsulated). Cylindrical-like aggregates, length 10 μm and diameter ~ 250 nm, were obtained upon hetero-arm AMBs self-assembly. The second type of hetero-arm MBs was hetero-arm AHMBs, in which the SCs consist of PEG and poly(N,N-dimethylamino-ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA). These hetero-arm AHMBs were prepared via a combination of grafting through and grafting from approaches. In this case, poly[vinyl benzyl-(polyethylene glycol)-alt-N-(poly(N,N-dimethylamino-ethyl methacrylate) maleimide] (poly[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(PDMAEMA)-MI) was prepared in the following steps: (1) alternating poly[vinyl benzyl-(polyethylene glycol)-alt-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide] (poly[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(HPh)-MI]) was synthesized via radical copolymerization of VB-PEG17 with N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) maleimide (N-HPhMI). (grafting through), (2) the hydroxyl sites were esterified with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide to afford poly [vinyl benzyl-(polyethylene glycol)-alt-N-(4-(2-bromobutyryloxy)phenyl) maleimide] (poly[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(BrPh)-MI]) (macroinitiator) and (3) an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reaction of 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was initiated from the obtained macroinitiator. This approach afforded poly[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(PDMAEMA)-MI] hetero-arm AHMBs with two water soluble SCs; however, one is water soluble at all pHs and temperatures (i.e. PEG), while the other is a pH- and temperature-sensitive polymer (i.e. PDMAEMA). Initial attempts were made to fabricate cylindrical organo/silica hybrid materials based on these AMHBs as the organic template and tetra-ethylorthosilicate as the silica precursor. Preliminary results indicate the formation of silica nano-wires, ~ 8 μm in length and ~45 nm in diameter. The self-assembly behavior of these AHMBs in water at a temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of PDMAEMA (> 55 °C) was also investigated. Fibril morphology (~ 30 nm in diameter) was observed. This study addresses initial attempts to fabricate organic/inorganic hybrid materials with controlled size and morphologies via densely grafted hetero-arm molecular brushes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf die sintese en selfsamestelling van prototipe molekulêre borsels (prototipe MBs). Hierdie MBs bestaan uit twee polimeriese sykettings (SKs) van verskillende aard wat afwisselend langs die hoofketting (ruggraat) voorkom. Twee verskillende tipes van die prototipe MBs is gesintetiseer: eerstens, afwisselende amfifiliese prototipe MBs (AMBs), en tweedens, afwisselende hetero-arm prototipe MBs (AHMBs). Prototipe AMBs is gesintetiseer d.m.v. twee strategieë: (I) deur 'n kombinasie van „enting deur‟ en „enting aan‟ benaderings, en (II) deur middel van „n „enting deur‟ benadering. In benadering (I) is poli[vinielbensiel(poliëtileenglikol)-alt-N-alkiel-maleïenamied)] (poli[VB-(PEG12)-alt-N-(CnH2n+1)-MI]) gesintetiseer deur radikaalkopolimerisasie van vinielbensiel-beëindigde-poliëtileenglikol (VB-PEG12) met maleïenanhidried („enting deur‟) wat entkopolimere produseer met PEG SKs en reaktiewe suksienanhidried herhaaleenhede wat afwisselend langs die ruggraat versprei is. Daarna is die entkopolimere gewysig d.m.v. nukleofiliese substitusie (imiedisering) met alkielamiene (CnH2n+1-NH2) op die oorblywende suksienanhidried („enting op‟). Drie verskillende primêre amiene met verskillende alkielkettinglengtes (n = 4, 12 en 16) is gebruik vir die wysigingsproses. So is prototipe AMBs met verskillende hidrofiliese tot hidrofobiese verhoudings verkry. In benadering (II) is soortgelyke prototipe AMBs gesintetiseer in 'n een-stap „enting deur‟ benadering. In hierdie geval is poli[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(CnH2n+1)-MI] (n = 10, 16 en 20) gesintetiseer d.m.v. radikaalkopolimerisasie van VB-PEG17 met N-dodesiel maleïenamied, N-heksadesiel maleïenamied en N-ikosiel maleïenamied. Na afloop van die sintese stap is die selfsamestelling van hierdie prototipe AMBs in spesifieke oplosmiddels in verhouding tot die alkielkettinglengtes ondersoek. Die morfologie van die versamelings is gekarakteriseer deur veld-emissie-geweer-(Eng: field emission gun-)-skandeerelektronmikroskopie (FE-SEM), transmissie-elektronmikroskopie (TEM) en fluoresserende mikroskopie („n fluoresserende kleurstof is ingesluit). Silinderagtige versamelings (lengtes ~10 μm en deursnee ~250 nm) is deur die selfsamestelling van prototipe AMBs verkry. Die tweede soort prototipe MBs is prototipe AHMB, waarin die SKs uit PEG en poli(N,N-dimetielaminoetiel metakrilaat) (PDMAEMA) bestaan. Hierdie prototipe AHMBs is d.m.v. 'n kombinasie van „enting deur‟ en „enting van‟ benaderings gesintetiseer. In hierdie geval is poli[vinielbensiel-(poliëtileenglikol)-alt-N-(poli(N,N-dimetielaminoetiel metakrilaat) maleïenamied] (poli[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(PDMAEMA)-MI) gesintetiseer deur van die volgende stappe gebruik te maak: (1) sintese van afwisselende poli[vinielbensiel-(poliëtileenglikol)-alt-N-(4-hidroksifeniel) maleïenamied] (poli[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(HPh) -MI) deur midel van radikaalkopolimerisasie van VB-PEG17 met N-(4-hidroksifeniel) maleïenamied (N-HPhMI) („enting deur‟), (2) esterifikasie van die hidroksielgroepe met 2-bromoisobutiriel bromied om poli[vinielbensiel-(poliëtileenglikol)-alt-N-(4-(2-bromobutirieloksi) feniel) maleïenamied] (poli[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(BrPh)-MI]) (makro-afsetter) te berei, en (3) die atoomoordrag-radikaalpolimerisasie reaksie van 2-(N,N-dimetielamino)etiel metakrilaat (DMAEMA) wat begin is vanaf die gevormde makro-afsetter. Hierdie benadering gee poli[VB-(PEG17)-alt-N-(PDMAEMA)-MI] prototipe AHMBs met twee wateroplosbare SKs, waarvan een wateroplosbaar is by alle pHs en temperature (d.w.s. PEG), terwyl die ander tipe SK „n pH- en temperatuur-sensitiewe polimeer is (d.w.s. PDMAEMA). Aanvanklike pogings is aangewend om silindriese organo/silika hibriedmateriale te sintetiseer, gebaseer op hierdie AHMBs as die organiese segment en tetraëtielortosilikaat as die silika voorloper. Die voorlopige resultate dui op die vorming van silikananodrade, lengte ~8 μm en deursnit ~45 nm. Die selfsamestellingsgedrag van hierdie AHMBs is ook in water ondersoek by 'n temperatuur hoër as die laer kritieke oplossingstemperatuur van PDMAEMA (> 55 °C). „n Draadagtige morfologie (deursnit ~30 nm) is waargeneem. Hierdie studie beskryf aanvanklike pogings om organiese–anorganiese hibriedmateriale met beheerde groottes en morfologieë via dig-geënte hetero-arm molekulêre borsels te vervaardig.
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Kametani, Yuki. "Strategic Monomer Design for Alternating Copolymers and Sequence-Specific Properties." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263687.

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Malardier-Jugroot, Cécile. "Novel self-assembly of an alternating copolymer into nanotubes : theoretical investigation and experimental characterisation." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85085.

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This thesis is aimed at understanding and fully characterising the association mechanism of an alternating copolymer in water and the effect of the association in solution on the conformation of the polymer chains at the air/water interface.
Self-assembly is an elegant and efficient method to obtain well defined and usually defect-free nano-architectures. The association, variety of shapes and properties of block copolymers have been extensively studied. The present study led to a precise understanding of the complex behaviour of large molecules. The polymer studied is an alternating copolymer; poly(styrene- alt-maleic anhydride) (SMA). This polymer has various applications ranging from surface sizing of paper, to nanotechnology and pharmaceutical applications.
The detailed theoretical investigation of the SMA association led to the discovery of a novel way to self-assemble polymer chains, and the prediction and characterisation of a tubular structure formed by this association. The nanotubes are several micrometers long and their conformation shows that the hydrophobic groups are mainly located inside the tube and the hydrophilic groups are mainly on the exterior surface of the tube.
The predicted tubular structure of SMA in solution was also confirmed by neutron scattering experiments. This study showed that the tubes interact forming two-dimensional sheets of tubes and higher order structures. In addition, the SMA association has been shown to be thermally stable.
Furthermore, neutron reflectivity experiments were performed on the SMA solution to determine the influence of the association in solution on the conformation of the polymer at the air-water interface. This study revealed an equilibrium between the conformation of the polymer in solution and at the interface.
Using the knowledge of the association mechanism obtained from the complete theoretical and experimental characterisation of the association of poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) in water and at the air-water interface, a novel application for the polymer has been developed. This application uses the template formed by the nanotubes to form nanowires of intrinsically conducting polymers. Neutron scattering, neutron reflectivity, cryo-TEM and AFM experimental studies characterised the synthesis of the nanowires.
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Nishimori, Kana. "Molecular Design for Precise Sequence Control and Functions of Alternating Copolymers." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253306.

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京都大学
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第22470号
工博第4731号
新制||工||1739(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻
(主査)教授 大内 誠, 教授 秋吉 一成, 教授 竹中 幹人
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)
Kyoto University
DGAM
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WU, DAN. "LIQUID-CORE CAPSULES VIA INTERFACIAL POLYMERIZATION AND ALTERNATING COPOLYMERIZATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179427662.

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Lea, Santa Cinzia Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "An investigation into the synthesis of poly(co-maleic anhydride/iso-butyl vinyl ether)with RAFT polymerisation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31435.

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Poly (co iso-butyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride), an alternating copolymer, was synthesised. For this class of copolymers the formation of an electron-donor complex is invoked to explain their microstructure in which the two comonomers strictly alternate. Due to its polarity, this copolymer constitutes a potential additive for imparting hydrophilic properties to a hydrophobic matrix. In order to obtain narrow molecular weight polymers and study the relation between the molecular weight of this additive and its ability to migrate to the host polymer surface, chain transfer agents were introduced in the system and also the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) process was employed. Free radical polymerisation was first carried out to allow for a comparison with the RAFT process and kinetics of copolymerisation was studied by NIR-FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy in order to analyse the rate of reaction of each comonomer. Dibenzyl trithiobenzoate, 3-benzyl sulfanyl thiocarbonyl sulfanyl-propionic acid and dibenzyl trithiobenzoate were used as RAFT agents. Results demonstrate that only benzyl dithiobenzoate is able to control the molecular weight of this copolymer and decrease its polydispersity index; possible reasons laying behind this result are discussed. It was also found that, in particular in the presence of benzyl dithiobenzoate, poly(iso-butyl vinyl ether) forms. This is an unusual phenomenon considering that the free radical polymerisation affords alternating copolymers and that iso-butyl vinyl ether is a monomer that polymerises through the cationic process. Experiments were carried out in various solvents in an attempt to counteract this side reaction, but no appreciable correlation between the properties of the solvents and the formation of homopolymer were found. Various hypothesis are considered, however it is likely that, in the conditions adopted, the presence of the RAFT agents alters the equilibrium constant of complex formation favouring the synthesis of the homopolymer. In addition to this side???reaction also inhibition of the copolymerisation reaction was at times encountered and an investigation into this phenomenon was also conducted.
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Polk, William David. "Polydimethylsiloxane Containing Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Characterization of Alternating Poly(Arylene Ether Phosphine Oxide)-B-Siloxane and Segmented Nylon 6,6 -B-Siloxane Copolymers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29968.

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Two novel classes of siloxane containing, organic-inorganic block copolymers were prepared using different synthetic approaches. The first copolymers were alternating poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide)-poly(dimethylsiloxane) systems, prepared via oligomeric silylamine-hydroxyl reactions. Secondly, segmented nylon 6,6-poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymers were synthesized via a non-aqueous adaptation of the "nylon 6,6 salt" hydrolytic polyamidization, using bis(aminopropyl) dimethylsiloxane oligomer as a co-reactant. Three series of "perfectly" alternating block copolymers were produced from well characterized hydroxyl-terminated poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide) and dimethylamine-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomers, in order to investigate both block length and chemical composition effects. Copolymerization in chlorobenzene resulted in high molecular weight materials capable of forming optically clear, nanophase separated films, which displayed unusual morphologies and good mechanical strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed high thermo-oxidative stability and increasing char yield with increasing siloxane content. Additional thermal and mechanical investigations provided evidence of selective phase mixing, particularly at shorter block lengths. Surface analysis showed an enrichment of the siloxane blocks at the air-polymer interface in comparison to the bulk state. This behavior increased in proportion to the length of the parent siloxane oligomers. Evaluation of selected optical properties, e.g., refractive indices, revealed linear trends resulting in values of compositionally weighted averages. Conversely, a series of nylon 6,6-siloxane copolymers were produced from the polycondensation of preformed propylamine-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)s, solid nylon 6,6 salt and a corresponding amount of adipic acid to afford siloxane-amide semi-crystalline copolymers with siloxane content ranging from 10 to ~45 wt%. The characterization of high molecular weight and covalent siloxane-amide linkages was hindered by insolubility. For example, crystallinity of the nylon 6,6 precluded the use of common solution techniques, while the susceptibility of the siloxane blocks towards ionic redistribution prevented the use of strongly acidic solvents. However, development of a novel analytical technique using solid state 13C NMR and liquid-solid extraction provided evidence for the presence of covalent bonding between the dissimilar oligomer chains. Thermal gravimetric analysis of resultant copolymers revealed an increase in char yield with increasing siloxane content, a preliminary indicator of increased fire resistance, which was supported by subsequent qualitative Bunsen burner observations. Differential scanning calorimetry showed retention of the polyamide crystalline melt with levels of siloxane incorporation of up to 45 weight %. In conclusion, two novel classes of polydimethylsiloxane containing block copolymers have been successfully synthesized, despite the complications created as a result of the polar/non-polar interactions developed between a semi-inorganic polydimethylsiloxane and the hydrocarbon based polyarylene ethers and nylon 6,6.
Ph. D.
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Mao, Min. "Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Functional Substituted Stilbene Copolymers and Semi-crystalline Poly(aryl ether sulfone)s." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29028.

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Novel, highly functional rod-like copolymers have been synthesized by alternating copolymerization of N, N, Nâ , Nâ -tetraalkyl-4, 4â -diaminostilbenes (TDAS) with maleic anhydride. Dynamic light scattering, 2H solid state NMR and persistence length measurement reveal high chain rigidity of the polymer backbone. Double quantum heteronuclear local field solid state NMR spectroscopy (2Q-HLF Solid State NMR) has been employed to investigate the chain structure of 13C labelled copolymer. The torsional angle of the H-13C-13C-H part of the anhydride ring was zero degrees, indicating an all cis configuration of the H-13C-13C-H moiety of the anhydride ring. Rod-coil block copolymers containing rigid polyampholyte blocks were designed and synthesized by addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization. The rigid polyampholytes blocks were formed by hydrolysis of alternating copolymers and the flexible coil block consists of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate). The rod-coil block copolymers form polyion complex (PIC) aggregates even when the polyampholyte blocks are charge imbalanced. The aggregates did not dissociate upon the addition of high concentrations of NaCl unlike the dissociation of flexible polyampholytes in NaCl solution. These unique solution properties are induced by â like-charge attractions' of the rigid polyampholytic alternating copolymer chains. An example, of what is birefringent to be a novel class of material, has been prepared which enables the control of the birefringence of a polymer film by controlling the rotation of aromatic groups pendant to the polymer backbone. A linear rigid bisphenol monomer, 4,4â -dihydroxyterphenyl (DHTP), has been incorporated into poly(aryl ether sulfone)s (PAES) in a study to impart crystallization to these amorphous polymers. Three bisphenols, 4, 4â -isopropylidenediphenol, 4, 4â -(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol and 4,4â -dihydroxybiphenyl have been copolymerized with DHTP and dichlorodiphenylsulfone. Only the segmented polysulfone containing 50% BP and 50% DHTP was semi-crystalline. This PAES had a melting temperature (Tm) 320oC in the first heating cycle of a DSC measurement and the presence of crystallites was confirmed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS).
Ph. D.
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Zhou, Xu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Copolymers with Potential Gas Storage Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51669.

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Nanoporous organic polymers, including hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), and conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) etc., are considered good candidates for potential gas storage and gas separation applications. Porosities and surface areas of a series of semirigid alternating copolymers, which contained tert-butyl carboxylate-functionalized stilbene or tert-butyl carboxylate-functionalized styrene, and maleic anhydride or tert-butyl carboxylate-functionalized phenyl maleimide, were investigated using nitrogen sorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K and molecular simulations. These alternating copolymers were found to have Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas in the range of 20-40 m2/g. Surface areas of these alternating copolymers increased as the steric crowding of the polymer backbone increased, which was the result of introducing extra phenyl rings and/or N-phenyl substituent maleimide units. Surface areas were found to increase as the persistence length increased. A series of HCPs containing functionalized stilbene and N-substituted phenyl maleimide were synthesized via free radical suspension polymerization. The incorporation of these functionalized, chain stiffening, Tg enhancing comonomers raised the Tgs of precursor polymers before they were crosslinked. Surface areas of these HCPs, obtained from nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K, were up to 1058 m2/g. However, the surface areas of these HCPs were systematically lower than the controls. The high rigidity of the polymer backbone, which was the result of incorporating Tg enhancing comonomer, likely affected the chain mobility of the precursor polymer, decreased the efficiency of post-crosslinking reactions, and thus resulted in lower surface areas. Amine-functionalized styrene/stilbene polymers were prepared via free radical polymerization or post-modification. Amine-containing silica-based sorbents were prepared using the impregnation method. Sorption of CO2 by these materials was tested using TGA and compared with control samples. Both high amine content and certain levels of surface area were found to be important for a sorbent to achieve high CO2 uptake. Highest CO2 uptake (12 wt%) under our testing condition in these materials was achieved by an amine-containing silica sorbent.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Alternating copolymer"

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Cowie, J. M. G., ed. Alternating Copolymers. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9139-6.

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G, Cowie J. M., ed. Alternating copolymers. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alternating copolymer"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Alternating Copolymer." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_485.

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Plochocka, Krystyna, Xuejun Liu, Michael A. Tallon, and Osama M. Musa. "The Quintessential Alternating Copolymer Family: Alkyl Vinyl Ether co-Maleic Anhydride Copolymers." In Handbook of Maleic Anhydride Based Materials, 211–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29454-4_4.

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Seo, I., M. Kishimoto, H. Sato, and H. Gamo. "Alternating Copolymer of Vinylidene Cyanide and Vinyl Acetate: A New Nonlinear Optical Material." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 196–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93426-1_28.

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Cowie, J. M. G. "Principles of Alternating Copolymerization." In Alternating Copolymers, 1–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9139-6_1.

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Cowie, J. M. G. "Radical Initiated Alternating Copolymerization." In Alternating Copolymers, 19–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9139-6_2.

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Bamford, Clement H. "Alternating Copolymerization in the Presence of Lewis Acids." In Alternating Copolymers, 75–152. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9139-6_3.

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Furukawa, Junji, and Isao Maruyama. "Alternating Copolymerization of Olefins and Diolefins." In Alternating Copolymers, 153–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9139-6_4.

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Kobayashi, Shiro, and Takeo Saegusa. "Alternating Copolymerization Involving Zwitterions." In Alternating Copolymers, 189–238. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9139-6_5.

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McEwen, I. J., and A. F. Johnson. "Physical Properties of Alternating Copolymers." In Alternating Copolymers, 239–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9139-6_6.

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Österman, Tomas, Torbjörn Pascher, Arkady Yartsev, and Villy Sundström. "The Influence of Driving Force on Formation and Geminate Recombination of Charges in Alternating Polyfluorene Copolymer/Fullerene Blends." In Biophotonics: Spectroscopy, Imaging, Sensing, and Manipulation, 411–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9977-8_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alternating copolymer"

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Kim, Dong Y., Jai Kyeong Kim, Hyun N. Cho, and Chung Y. Kim. "LED characterization of an alternating copolymer and its blends." In Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation '97, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.279324.

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Watanabe, Kohei, Yuma Kobayashi, and Yasuhiro Koike. "Design and synthesis of triple-zero-birefringence polymer by using alternating copolymer." In Ultra-High-Definition Imaging Systems IV, edited by Toyohiko Yatagai, Yasuhiro Koike, and Seizo Miyata. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2583322.

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Rost, Henning, Hans-Heinrich Hoerhold, Willi Kreuder, and Hubert Spreitzer. "Novel light-emitting poly(arylene vinylene) copolymer containing alternating phenylene and TPD units." In Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation '97, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.284175.

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Hatakeyama, Jun, Takanobu Takeda, Takeshi Kinsho, Yoshio Kawai, and Toshinobu Ishihara. "Newly developed alternating-copolymer-based silicon containing resists for sub-100-nm pattern fabrication." In Microlithography 2003, edited by Theodore H. Fedynyshyn. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.483775.

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Ku, Ye-Jin, Hyun-Taek Oh, Kang-hyun Kim, Byeong-Gyu Park, Sangsul Lee, and Jin-Kyun Lee. "Highly fluorinated alternating copolymer possessing high glass transition temperature and cross-linking capabilities under extreme UV radiation." In Advances in Patterning Materials and Processes XXXVIII, edited by Douglas Guerrero and Daniel P. Sanders. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2582948.

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Xu, Zhen, Jinsheng Zhao, and Weiyu Fan. "Chemosynthesis and photoelectric characterization of a novel solution-processable electrochromic copolymer based on alternating alkoxylating benzene and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene derivatives." In 2015 2nd International Workshop on Materials Engineering and Computer Sciences. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iwmecs-15.2015.120.

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Houlihan, Francis M., Thomas I. Wallow, Allen G. Timko, E. Neria, Richard S. Hutton, Raymond A. Cirelli, Omkaram Nalamasu, and Elsa Reichmanis. "Recent advances in 193-nm single-layer photoresists based on alternating copolymers of cycloolefins." In Microlithography '97, edited by Regine G. Tarascon-Auriol. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.275856.

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Wallow, Thomas I., Francis M. Houlihan, Omkaram Nalamasu, Edwin A. Chandross, Thomas X. Neenan, and Elsa Reichmanis. "Evaluation of cycloolefin-maleic anhydride alternating copolymers as single-layer photoresists for 193-nm photolithography." In SPIE's 1996 International Symposium on Microlithography, edited by Roderick R. Kunz. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.241834.

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Gozdz, Antoni S., and John A. Shelburne III. "Synthesis and lithographic evaluation of alternating copolymers of linear and cyclic alkenyl(di)silanes with sulfur dioxide." In Advances in Resist Technology and Processing VIII, edited by Hiroshi Ito. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46400.

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Houlihan, Francis M., Janet M. Kometani, Allen G. Timko, Richard S. Hutton, Raymond A. Cirelli, Elsa Reichmanis, Omkaram Nalamasu, et al. "193-nm single-layer photoresists based on alternating copolymers of cycloolefins: the use of photogenerators of sulfamic acids." In 23rd Annual International Symposium on Microlithography. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.312462.

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Reports on the topic "Alternating copolymer"

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Ibay, Augusto C. Synthesis of Poly(Lactoylglycolate): An Alternating Copolymer of Lactic and Glycolic Acids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199413.

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Panchalingam, V., and John R. Reynolds. Poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene-alt-alpha-fluoroacrylonitrile): Synthesis and Structural Analysis of a New Alternating Copolymer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada242257.

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