Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alternatifs'
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Tanaka, Iris. "Régulation de l'épissage et de la polyadénylation alternatifs par les agents anti-cancéreux génotoxiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS025/document.
Most human coding genes generate alternative transcripts (isoforms) through alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA), most often within the coding region and the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR), respectively. Both AS and 3’UTR-APA regulations have been increasingly involved in oncogenesis. In particular, AS networks connecting oncogenic splicing factors and oncogenic splicing variants have been recently identified. AS is also widely regulated by genotoxic anticancer drugs, like doxorubicin and cisplatin that induce different types of DNA lesions and are widely used in breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy, respectively. Given the frequent occurrence of resistance to chemotherapy, understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial to overcome this major issue. There are examples of AS events associated with anticancer drug resistance, but very little is known about the splicing factors and therefore the AS networks involved. In addition, a previous study showed that doxorubicin represses a large set of alternative last exons (ALE) corresponding to the use of intronic polyadenylation (IPA) sites. ALEs have an emerging role in cancer, but little is known about its regulation by other anticancer drugs, like cisplatin. In order to better understand the role of AS and APA regulation in cell response and resistance to chemotherapy, my PhD project had two main aims: 1) determine the extent, regulatory networks and function of AS regulation in breast cancer cell resistance to doxorubicin, and 2) determine the extent, mechanism and impact of ALE regulation in response to cisplatin in NSCLC cells. In the first part, I identified by RNA-seq thousands of AS events and dozens of splicing factors regulated in a cell model of acquired resistance to doxorubicin in ER+ breast cancer. Through an siRNA miniscreen, I found two splicing factors, ZRANB2 and SYF2, involved in doxorubicin resistance. Further RNA-seq analyses revealed the AS events regulated by depletion of these poorly characterized splicing factors, and their convergence on the alternative exon 5 of the oncogene ECT2. Depletion of ZRANB2, SYF2 and the ECT2-Ex5 variant reduces doxorubicin-induced S phase arrest and doxorubicin resistance. In addition, high inclusion levels of ECT2-Ex5 correlate with poor survival specifically in ER+ breast cancer treated with chemotherapy. In the second part, I found by 3’-seq that in NSCLC cell treatment with cisplatin (but not oxaliplatin) induces ALE/IPA in thousands of genes enriched in cell cycle and cell death. This effect is linked to an inhibition of transcription elongation processivity in long genes. 3’-seq analysis on polysomes showed that this ALE regulation impacts the translatome, and revealed a set of particularly short isoforms that were inefficiently translated, including a transcript with a non-coding function. In conclusion, during my thesis, I could identify a novel AS network involved in doxorubicin resistance in ER+ breast cancer, and widespread ALE regulation impacting the translatome in lung cancer cisplatin response. This work increases our understanding of AS and IPA role in cell response and resistance to anti-cancer chemotherapy. In the longer term, the identified alternative transcripts and regulators constitute candidate biomarkers of chemoresistance
Prache, Nolwenn. "Apport des solvants alternatifs pour la cartographie du lipidome par chromatographie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS052/document.
Green analytical chemistry development represents one of the main issues of the 21th century. Many investigators in analytical chemistry are actually involved in the development of well-established analytical methods that prevent irreversible damage to humans and environment. In the domain of lipid analysis, structural diversity as well as difference in solubility of these compounds is leading to work with a very large polarity range to separate lipids by classes. The normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) allows realising the elution of compounds in order of increasing polarity. The solubilisation of lipid classes requires the use of a mixture of several solvents, among them chloroform, n-heptane, dichloromethane. Moreover, organic solvents traditionally used in NPLC, although well performing are raising different problems due to their original source, i.e. fossil hydrocarbons, volatility and toxicity for humans and environment. One of the ways to avoid such solvents is the substitution with alternative solvents, as proposed by various players in green chemistry. The interest raised by these solvents, is promising in terms of reduction of solvent use with a significant environmental impact. The properties of supercritical fluid chromatography using CO₂ are similar to NPLC and also offer a green alternative to this method. This work has highlighted that separation methods could be developed with alternative solvents to n-heptane, methanol and chloroform. Their use is compatible with liquid and supercritical chromatography and offer better selectivity in terms of separation of lipid classes. The compatibility of alternative solvents with ELSD and mass spectrometry was also evaluated, which showed that the unavailability of sufficient purity could be an issue. However, this problem was also observed with the use of commercial solvents, which presented impurities such as fatty acids, polymers and antioxidants
Jorge, Manuel. "Les rattachements alternatifs en droit international privé." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010294.
The complexity of the structure and the working of the alternative conflicts rules are used in this kind of rules with a teleological character. What is the significance of the connecting factors in the light of the competing substantive rules? They take into consideration the parties interests and pay greater attention to the social realities by providing that several designated laws apply alternatively. But the alternative conflicts rules cannot be considered as substantive rules. In fact, the "closest connection" principle can be used as a corrector of the alternatives conflicts rules
Xu, Xiao. "Généralisation d'automates alternatifs sur des alphabets infinis." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM007.
The language inclusion problem is recognised as being central to verification in different domains, such as hardware, communication protocols, software systems, etc. There we might face two challenges: non-determinism and infinite alphabets.We propose two models of alternating automata over infinite alphabets: (i) alternating data automata (ADA) and (ii) first-order alternating data automata (FOADA). They both recognise the data words over infinite alphabets. In ADA model, the control states are Booleans and the transition rules are specified by a set of formulae in a combined first-order theory of states (Booleans) and data that relate past values of variables with current values of variables. But a restriction of the ADA model is that, there is not hidden variable, hence all the data values taken by the variables are visible in the input. But in FOADA model, the arguments of a predicate atom track the values of the internal variables associated with the state, and these values are invisible in the input sequence, which overcomes the restriction of the ADA model.With these two alternating models, Boolean operations of union, intersection and comple- ment can be done in linear time, thus matching the complexity of performing these opera- tions in the finite-alphabet case. However, the price to be paid here is that the emptiness checking becomes undecidable. For this reason, we provide two efficient semi-algorithms for emptiness checking: (i) lazy predicate abstraction and (ii) IMPACT method. These semi-algorithms are proven to terminate by returning a word from the language of the given au- tomaton if one exists; but if the language of the given automaton is empty, then the termination is not guaranteed.The main application of our models is checking inclusions between various classes of au- tomata extended with variables ranging over infinite domains that recognise languages over infinite alphabets. The most widely known classes of this kind are timed automata and finite- memory (register) automata. Another application is checking safety (mutual exclusion, absence of deadlocks, etc.) and liveness (termination, lack of starvation, etc.) properties of parameterised concurrent programs.Besides the theoretical parts, we also have developed a tool - FOADA Checker, mainly used for checking inclusion between two automata or checking emptiness of an automaton. FOADA Checker is written in Java, via Java-SMT interface and using Z3 SMT solver for spuriousness, coverage queries and interpolant generation. The IMPACT semi-algorithm has been implemented in the tool to check the emptiness of an automaton
Jorge, Manuel. "Les Rattachements alternatifs en droit international privé." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614551t.
Emilian, Marine. "Aspects juridiques des modes alternatifs de règlement des différends en droit des affaires : une réelle alternative ?" Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100209.
The Alternative Dispute Resolution methods (R. A. D. ) are sources of a large curiosity actually. Their identity, characteristics, and processes must be clarified to have a better knowledge. These R. A. D. , very innovative, are not completely successful in France, or even in United States or Asia. In France and Asia, they are rarely used. In the Untied States, it exist some very imaginative methods but practically, they are very uncommon. On the other hand, it seems that the R. A. D. Are more adapted to the international context where their development and institutionalisation are increasing. The international context is effectively more convenient for the use of new methods which are flexible, non coercive, non binding and very far from governmental laws. The processes proposed can be used anywhere, without any legal barrier. Among these methods, we can note the mediation (judiciary and not judiciary) success in France and abroad. The mediation seems to be the helpful alternative to classic justice
Fathallah, Mourad. "Contribution à l'intégration d'algorithmes de commande des machines électriques à courant alternatif." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0051.
Vigneault, Karine. "Sujet des médias alternatifs: un citoyen néolibéral modèle?" Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18209.
Par-delà leur contenu, les médias alternatifs apparus au cours de la dernière décennie constituent aussi une pratique sociale concrète qui présuppose et, donc, contribue à normaliser une définition de la réalité donnée. Plus particulièrement, ces médias doivent faire appel à une conception du sujet politique déterminée afin de se présenter comme pratique rationnelle. À partir d’entrevues réalisées auprès de bénévoles de médias alternatifs du Québec, c’est cet idéal du sujet que nous avons cherché à caractériser. S’est ainsi vu dressé un portrait en trois temps : conçu sous l’angle (1) expressiviste, l’individu apparaît comme (2) « soi entreprise », mais un « soi entreprise » s’insérant dans des (3) communautés d’intérêts. Or, en s’articulant autour de cette définition du sujet politique plutôt qu’une autre, les médias alternatifs s’appuient sur une subjectivité très près de celle que présuppose une rationalité néolibérale de gouvernement à laquelle, pourtant, ils s’opposent ouvertement.
Sirichantranon, Wuttipong. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges fiscaux." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020058.
Chadaigne, Pierre-José. "La communication alternative : la presse parallèle en France des années soixante à la fin des années quatre-vingt-dix." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020009.
Bouchaala, Aldjia. "Les espaces alternatifs de la communication sociale en Algérie." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30084.
The question of the public place as a place of expression, capable of reporting certain social realities is in the heart of this research. This question means the possibility that have the individuals to settle a place of socialization in order to produce verbal interactions of a way which gives a visibility to certain social illness. The verbal productions which this thesis observed are from this point of view, produces from an exchange communicational spontaneous, which took place in the everyday space of life, the taxi. Even if the opinions which express themselves within these common places have no same characteristics as the opinions which produce the rational public place, as describe it Habermas. Also, they cannot claim to lead in a significant way the political life, as makes it a certain shape of contesting. However they are capable of interpreting certain aspects of the social reality. From this point of view, we support that some of communicationnels processes, which resort persons victims of contempt in Algeria, such as the testimony, the narrative of life, participate to make visible socials illnesses in the public place
Le, Claire Jean-Claude. "Circuits specifiques pour commande de machines a courants alternatifs." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2001.
Ottaviani, Fiona. "Performativité des indicateurs : indicateurs alternatifs et transformation des modes de rationalisation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAE003/document.
Recent research on alternative indicators suggest the need for a fundamental review of the development process of indicators and is also in line with a general movement criticizing an economistic and expert-centered form of rationalization in the field of public policy. This thesis develops on this work and aims to assess how it is possible that these indicators hold an "alternative" in terms of rationalization of action.To appreciate the changes within the quantification process, the thesis focuses on an experiment conducted in Grenoble on the construction of sustainable territorial social indicators (IBEST). The first part of the work is theoretical. It establishes a link between the conventional form of indicators, their performative nature, the postulate of the actor's rationality and the rationalization of public policies. It is supplemented by an analysis of the axiological dimension of social choice criteria (well-being, sustainability) based on theories of development that can support the construction of such indicators. The second part provides an analysis of the IBEST experiment through the prism of the conventionalist theoretical framework. It underlines that processes of indicators' development such as the IBEST experiment induce transformations both in regard to the axiological dimension governing the construction of indicators and in terms of scientific and political rationalization. By applying the pragmatic logic of action research, we highlight the added value of articulating a logical investigation and a participatory approach in relation to the operationalization's process of sustainable well-being indicators. To conclude, in addition to the methodological and cognitive contributions related to the hybridization between a quantitative method and a participatory approach, the contribution of this research lies in the light the experimentation sheds on the understanding of institutional dynamics. Indeed, the generalization associated to participatory approaches and, on a broader level, the non-linear quantification process implemented in the IBEST experiment supports the relevance of the concepts of "background" and "interpretive communities" when it comes to assessing the dynamics at work in such experimentations and to make coherents the notions of legitimacy and "institutional embeddedness". This thesis leads to a conception of the institutional dynamics which proceeds by sedimentation and results from a transformation of the approaches and practices of actors in the science and political fields
Testuz, Ariane. "Influence de diagnostics alternatifs spécifiques sur la probabilité d'embolie pulmonaire /." Genève : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2007/TestuzA/these.pdf.
Sayagh, Shahinaz. "Approche multicritère de l'utilisation de matériaux alternatifs dans les chaussées." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348412.
Taillet, Brice. "Procédés alternatifs pour l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice céramique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0203/document.
The opening of the civil aviation market to ceramic matrix composite materials requires the development of new methods of producing compatible with the production rates and manufacturing costs of the sector.For this purpose, experimental work was conducted to develop a silicon oxynitride matrix (Si2N2O) by combustion synthesis (or SHS), from reactive powders. In recent years, Si2N2O has emerged as a promising new high-temperature ceramic material, characterized by not only good mechanical properties, but also by a higher oxidation resistance than silicon carbide. The underlying basis of SHS relies on the ability of highly exothermic reactions to be self-sustaining and, therefore, energetically efficient. Powders are first milled, dispersed and stabilized in aqueous media, and then impregnated into a fibrous preform composed of the latest generation of silicon carbide fibers (Hi-Nicalon S). SHS reaction is then carried out in a reactor specially designed and dedicated to this study. Particular attention was focused on the optimization of experimental parameters for the synthesis of a Si2N2O based matrix. Silicon metal in a mixture with silica powder was combusted under pressurized nitrogen gas into silicon oxynitride. The pressure and the temperature rise rate were the principal parameters for the composition and microstructure of the matrix. These parameters have been the subject of extensive experimental work to reach a homogeneous matrix with a very high formation rate for silicon oxynitride (more than 90wt%) and with a level of residual porosity lower than 10%. This work was completed by the calculation of the physical properties of the matrix, by the mechanical characterization of the composite material, and finally by a temperature aging test under moist air
Charles, Pauline. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges en matière familiale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1071.
Alternative forms of litigation settlement in familial matters have been considerably developing in French law. Several of them now exist: familial mediation, collaborative law, or participative procedure convention. This study has shown that substantial law of family gives particular consistency to the alternative forms that are subject to it. They detach themselves from common law alternative forms of settlement and have become autonomous. Alternative forms of litigation settlement give a structured framework to the negotiations between family members. However, individuals are not exempt from several imperative norms in their convention, principles that are considered as fundamental and which dictate that private will be ruled: the judge's role is irreducible in family law
Champagne, Guy A. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges individuels du travail." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS006S.
Alternative dispute resolution for individual labour cases are developing in most labour disputes. Labour law has accepted negotiated resolutions but imposing at the same time a restriction on possibilities of a conventional solution during the contract of employment and on the opposite allowing an absolute freedom to negotiate when the contract is breached. The challenge is to keep the guarantees of state justice with the combination of the best conventional solutions
Sayagh, Shahinaz. "Approche multicritère de l'utilisation de materiaux alternatifs dans les chaussées." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348412.
Fingerhut, Stéphanie. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits en matière pénale." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082308.
The judicial system generates its own deviations and nourishes them to ensure its own survival. Thus, whether appropriated by the State as one of its pawns or maintained in a primitive and anarchic situation, alternative means of dispute resolution do not escape contamination by the judicial model. This means that whether by consent or by force, procedural alternatives, like many other phenomena, move towards what initially justified their existence. Our study will therefore have an outside critical look at the alternative concept and, starting from the judicial system, will assess this fictitious area of freedom granted to proceedings, which supposedly derived from human spontaneity (Part I). Then, at the very heart of the process under scrutiny, we will analyse its hermetic and potentially creative possibilities together with its certainly influent and open-ended nature vis-à-vis structures external to it (Part II)
Diaz, Caselles Laura. "Stabilisation des sulfates et du molybdène par des liants alternatifs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30255.
Excavation operations produce several tons of soil generally contaminated by the presence of pollutants. Excavated soil is considered as waste and it can be either sent to landfill or destined for reuse depending on the level of pollution. In any case, soil should be properly treated in order to: (i) decrease the release of pollutants into the environment, and (ii) minimize the problems involved in civil engineering applications due to the reactions between cementitious phases and pollutants. In the context of this thesis, we focused on sulfates and molybdenum (Mo). Concerning sulfates, we considered two main issues: (i) external sulfate attack of concrete structures, which are in direct contact with sulfate-rich soil (e.g. dams, foundations), and (ii) the release of sulfates into solution in addition to the swelling and mechanical strength loss in sulfate-rich soil intended for valorization (e.g. reuse in road construction). In the case of Mo, its release into solution is also a serious concern as it can lead to significant risks for the environment. Therefore, in this thesis, we investigated the reaction of concrete in contact with sulfates, and the stabilization of sulfates by using alternative binders for pollution reduction and for reuse of soil. Additionally, we studied the interaction of Mo with alternative binders and their capacity to stabilize Mo. First, we studied the capacity of seven different concretes to resist external sulfate attack under similar experimental conditions. It was found that ordinary Portland cement had high expansions (>0.1%) due to the formation of ettringite in excess caused by the reaction between aluminates and sulfates. Portland cement without C_3A presented lower expansions but gypsum was found to be responsible of cracking at later ages. Meanwhile, alternative binders had low expansions in the range of 0.01-0.03% explained by the absence of C3A and portlandite, in addition to the formation of ettringite during hydration (case of ettringite binders) and the absence of calcium (case of the geopolymer-based metakaolin). Second, we compared the capacity of four different binders to stabilize sulfates in a sulfate-spiked soil. Binders having high C_3A content led to high volume expansions (>5%) caused by the formation of ettringite in excess. These binders also released heavy metals into solution due to their high clinker content. In contrast, binders containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) led to low expansions (<2%), sulfate retention was about 89% and lower heavy metals contents were detected in solution. Sulfate solubility was controlled by ettringite, which did not lead to expansion probably due to the low kinetics of precipitation in addition to the absence of portlandite, which is often related to expansive ettringite.[...]
El, hallani Soufiane. "Nouveaux mécanismes alternatifs de la vascularisation tumorale dans les glioblastomes." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T063.
Ezzili, Mohamed Chekib. "Essais sur les fonds alternatifs et la délégation de portefeuille en présence d'un différentiel d'information." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010004.
Belgacem, Fetta. "Les mobilisations citoyennes informationnelles et l'évolution des cadres de luttes : pratiques collectives et médiactivistes numériques : le cas de la France et de l'Algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0607.
The diversification of the communicational offer on the web is believed to have allowed ordinary citizens to find the means to make dissonant discourse emerge, thanks to which they engage in a work of construction of meaning and legitimization of their collective experiences. It is at the heart of a diversified information production carried, essentially, by digital devices, that the actors of social mobilizations engage in framing operations (Goffman, Snow, Benford) of their civil struggles, and embark on a work of identification and meaning through which they interpret the world around them. Digital mediactivist practices (Cardon, Granjon) tend to offer new frameworks for the training and development of collective actions having an “oppositional” function (Negt ). They thus broaden the field of struggle and prompt us to question the role that digital devices can play in amplifying or diminishing collective action. It is by following a critical approach based on empirical work in France and Algeria that we will try to provide answers. Repertories of collective actions do not seem to be fixed in space and time but are subject to various evolutions in contact with digital devices. These changes do not, however, bring about major disruptions within the organization of social mobilizations; they have a dialectical impact on contemporary societies between the prolongation of forms of domination and the struggle for emancipation
Matuszak, Céline. "Stratégies cybermédiatiques des mouvements anarchistes et nationalistes révolutionnaires : parcours sémiotique dans l'internet de mouvements transgressifs." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL3A003.
Akroune, Moussa. "Caractérisation des tôles magnétiques utilisées en génie électrique en signal sinusoïdal." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS054.
Paradis, François. "Points de vue alternatifs en simulations numériques de la physique quantique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24586/24586.pdf.
Nunio, François. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement dynamique de compresseur à pistons alternatifs." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10100.
Barret, Emma. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits en droit du travail." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40024.
Dutta, Tapas. "Modélisation et simulation des composants MOSFETs à matériaux de canal alternatifs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT122.
As silicon CMOS technology is approaching fundamental scaling roadblocks, alternative channel materials like Ge and III-V based devices have attracted a lot of attention and have been the subject of active research during the last 10 years. While these new materials have very promising transport properties, studies have shown that they have worse short channel performance than the Si counterparts. Hence there is a strong need to evaluate the impact of change in the channel material on the device performance in terms of the short channel effects. In this work, first some issues with conventional modeling of double gate MOSFETs are dealt with. A new analytical model of the built-in potential is proposed and shown to correct the errors due to wrong boundary conditions. The roles of quantum confinement effects, material parameters and architecture of nanoscale III-V MOSFETs on the electrostatic integrity in terms of SCEs are thoroughly examined. A modified parameter to capture the drain induced barrier lowering is used to predict the performance degradation in the post-threshold region of the MOSFETs. Impact of the source to drain tunneling on the subthreshold behavior and hence the scalability of III-V devices is also analyzed in this thesis
Baranton, Stève. "Catalyseurs alternatifs pour cathodes de micropiles à combustion directe de méthanol." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2302.
The crossover is a major problem for the development of micro-DMFCs for which the membrane is thinner than for traditional systems. The solution studied in this work consists in using a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction tolerant to methanol: the iron phthalocyanine. The electrochemical study of this catalyst enabled to measure its catalytic activity, to demonstrate its total insensitivity to methanol and its selectivity with respect to the products of the oxygen reduction. However, the catalytic activity of the iron phthalocyanine decreases during the oxygen reduction in acid medium. It was possible to show by an in situ infrared spectroscopy study that the degradation mechanism is a substitution of the central ion by two protons. The precise knowledge of this mechanism enabled the integration of the iron phthalocyanine in a DMFC and a stable catalytic behavior could be observed
Calderón, Beltrán Natalia. "Technocontestations à Cuba : réparations, réappropriations et usages alternatifs de la technique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080005.
This dissertation aims to understand the processes of resilience in the technical field in Cuba. I postulate that a specific technical culture has been forged. This culture was fostered by the superstructural elements linked to revolutionary ideology, but it is also dependent on a history of various technical breakthroughs (i.e the change in technical standards with the mass arrival of Soviet aircraft, material shortages linked to the restrictions of the Bloqueo on the transport of products and spare parts to repair the existing fleet and the sudden disappearance of Soviet factories and objects and spare parts produced, etc.). I have identified tactics put in to ensure that daily life can continue and I have referred to them as "technocontestations". The genesis of these practices is to be understood on a macro scale, by analyzing state strategies to fight imperialism on the one hand, and on the other hand, from below, by looking at popular tactics in everyday life whose origin can be found in a much more ancient form of mètis. The dialectic between these two scales, macro and micro, seemed to me to be the starting point for thinking about a regime of contestation in the technical sphere. I postulate, alongside Jacques Ellul and Andrew Feenberg, that the technical sphere constitutes an increasingly autonomous space and that the study of tools and objects allows us to have a grip on the contesting practices of the Technician System. Focusing on observing appropriations, repairs and reappropriations are all elements to be taken into account in order to understand this register of struggle and the modalities of resistance and how these can be exported to other fields
Blotnicki, Laurence. "Agriculture et transition en Europe de l'Est : modèles alternatifs et intégration." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010009.
This research treats the transformations in eastern europe in agricultural sector. After several decades of common experience of agrarian socialism, the eastern european countries turn now towards the market economy to raise this <> sector and wish an integration in the world trade. This double process brings up essential interrogations as regards possibilities to reorientate trade geographically as the world market is in crisis and gives rise to active tensions between agro-exporter countries. Otherwise, this asks the problem of choice of a new model, able to conciliate economic and social interests. The occidental models, especially cap of the european economic community, whose these countries want to draw one's inspiration are numerous and are going through a unprecedented deep mutation to check disequilibium generated on agricultural market both internal and external. After having draw up the balance sheet of the agricultural policy in socialist system, an analysis of reforms underway brings to the fore the constraints wich weigh on these economies and the limits of thyis orientation
Vanderperre, Benoît. "Les cadres ouverts de lecture alternatifs contribuent significativement au protéome des eucaryotes." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6258.
Sicaire, Anne-Gaëlle. "Solvants alternatifs et techniques innovantes pour l'éco-extraction des huiles végétales à partir de graines oléagineuses." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0260.
In recent years, the growing interest in environmental considerations and process safety raises the issue of the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane, but also the amount of energy invested in the process of oilseed crushing. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research and development of green extraction processes of vegetable oil from oil seeds through innovative technologies (ultrasonic and microwave) and alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment. The first part of this manuscript describes the optimization with ultrasound of the extraction process, using hexane, of oil from rapeseed cake. Although ultrasound have a positive impact on extraction yield, extraction time and solvent consumption, the use of hexane remains questionable. In the second part, substituting hexane by "green" alternative solvents has been considered. A first experimental approach was supplemented by a predictive approach through the use of decision tools: Hansen solubility parameters and COSMO-RS model. This led to the selection of a solvent, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, for conducting a comprehensive study from laboratory to pilot scale. In a third and final part, the combination of alternative solvents with an innovative technology, microwaves, for the extraction of oil from rapeseed cake was investigated. This study highlighted the benefit of microwaves in the case of a selective heating between biomass and solvent
Mouvet-Jourde, Zoé. "Imaginaire, spiritualité et médecine holistique : des rites de mort alternatifs au Québec?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25251/25251.pdf.
Destoop, Thierry. "Contribution à la conception assistée par ordinateur de compresseurs à pistons alternatifs." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10012.
Saldana, Miranda Diego. "Méthodes d'apprentissage automatique pour l'aide à la formulation : Carburants Alternatifs pour l'Aéronautique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066346.
Alternative fuels and biofuels are a viable and attractive answer to problems associated to the current widespread use of conventional fuels in vehicles. One interesting aspect of alternative fuels is that the range of possible chemical compounds is large due to their diverse biological origins. This aspect opens up the possibility of creating “designer fuels”, whose chemical compositions are tailored to the specifications of the fuel being replaced. In this regard, it would be interesting to develop accurate predictive methods capable of instantaneously estimating a fuel’s physico-chemical properties based solely on its chemical composition and structures of its components. In this PhD work, we have investigated the application of machine learning methods to estimate properties such as flash point, enthalpy of combustion, melting point, cetane number, density and viscosity for families of compounds and mixtures similar to those found in biofuels: hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. During the first part of this work, machine learning models of pure compound properties were developed. During the second part mixtures have been examinated, two types of approaches were investigated: (1) the direct application of machine learning methods to mixture property data; (2) the use of the previously developed pure compound property models in combination with theoretically based mixing rules. It was found that machine learning methods, especially support vector machine methods, were an effective way of creating accurate and robust models. It was further found that, in the absence of sufficiently large or representative datasets, the use of mixing rules in combination with machine learning is a viable option. Overall, a number of accurate, robust and fast property estimation methods have been developed as a means to guide the formulation of alternative fuels
Li, Ying. "Les huiles végétales comme solvants alternatifs pour l’éco-extraction des produits naturels." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0254.
The green extraction has arisen as a new trend in the valorisation of natural resources. As the growing concern on thesafety, health and environment, vegetable oils as alternative solvents have drawn great interests in the green extractionof bioactive compounds from nature plants. Apart from lipophilic carotenoids in this work., compounds with more polarproperties have been initially studied.Firstly, the solubility of major volatile aroma compounds in various vegetable oils was originally investigated through atheoretical modelling of their Hansen solubility parameters, followed by real experimental extractions for verification.Multivariate statistical analyses assisted to classify the solvent power of these oil solvents so as to select the optimal oil.Secondly, the revisit of polar paradox theory inspired us to achieve direct extraction of phenolic compounds usingvegetable oils as solvents. The appropriate addition of surfactants could significantly increase the extraction efficiency.The small angle X-ray scatting helped to further study the effect of surfactants on the supramolecular structure of thevegetable oils. Lastly, the extraction of carotenoids was intensified with the integration of ultrasounds and sunflower oilas the substitute to organic solvents, in which the optimized procedure has been compared with the conventional organicsolvent extraction in terms of procedures, kinetics, yields and environmental impacts
Batonon, Dolores Isidora Fifonsi. "Systèmes d'alimentation alternatifs pour le développement des filières volailles en régions chaudes." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4017/document.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of alternative feed ingredients in poultry feeding and to determine bird’s responses to sequential and loose-mix feeding in hot climate. A meta-analysis and in vivo trials were performed on the use of millet. sorghum and cottonseed meal in poultry diets. Results showed that simple or combined utilization of these ingredients resulted in similar feed intake and growth performance as corn/soybean-based diets. In laying hens, a study conducted in warm conditions showed that when they are subjected 10 variable temperature and humidity throughout and within a day, laying and growth performance decreased in sequential and loose-mix feeding. A second study confirmed that high environmental temperature does not disable sequential feeding benefits. This work suggest feeding systems in which feed ingredients produced in hot climates could be directly included in birds diets have been proposed. This will thereby help consolidating the links between poultry and vegetable supply chains and contribute to their development
Bouju, Élodie. "Eco-purification de produits naturels par CPC : changement d'échelle et solvants alternatifs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10220/document.
The main objective of this thesis is to propose some clues for natural products eco-purification by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), a preparative separation technique that uses a biphasic solvent system. First, the manuscript describes the differents preparative techniques commonly used for natural products purification. Then, the centrifugal partition chromatography technique is detailed. The green chemistry concept is subsequently introduced and discussed in regard to its application in purification process. A method development is realized on a small scale CPC, illustrating the reduction of solvent consumption and waste production, through the carnosol purification from rosemary. Later, a new scale-up methodology for CPC is introduced to efficiently transfer the method on larger instrument and increase production. This new methodology will allow for a CPC user to reduce solvent and energy consumption and chemical wastes discharges. This scale-up methodology is then applied to carnosol purification from a rosemary solid extract. Finally, the last part of this manuscript is devoted to petroleum solvents substitution by more environmentally friendly solvents like bio-sourced solvents
Destoop, Thierry. "Contribution à la conception assistée par ordinateur de compresseurs à pistons alternatifs." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613100k.
Chevalier, Pauline. "Les pratiques artistiques des espaces alternatifs à New-York, Downtown, 1969-1980." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2029/document.
In 1969 the first alternative art spaces opened in New York in the old industrial neighborhoods of downtown Manhattan which would undergo radical transformation in the decade that followed. Established in the margins of museum institutions and commercial galeries, these exhibition, creation, and meeting spaces crystallized the existence of artists’ groups and collectives organizing around common practices and demands. The practices exhibit a general interdisciplinarity combining poetry, dance, sculpture, film, video, performance, architecture,and music. The demands are clearly political and the artists, many of whom involved in the social movements that engage the United States at the moment, are calling for recognition, a right to work applicable and appropriate to them, as well as concrete integration into civil and economic society. The object of this study, a social and geographic history of artistic practices in the alternative art spaces of this moment, is to bring to light the articulations between these practices and the institutional, social, economic, and urban phenomena from which they cannot be dissociated. Such an approach leads notably to an analysis of the close relation between the artistic works and practices and the urban material, the topography and the architectural characteristics of downtown Manhattan. This approach also foregrounds the interactions between the alternative art scene and mainstream institutions which lead to posteriori redefinitions of the notion of alternative art space itself
Rapinel, Vincent. "Les gaz liquéfiés comme solvants alternatifs pour l'éco-extraction de produits naturels." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0271.
In recent years, the industrial sector of vegetable extraction has been evolving due to the growing interest of consumers for natural food ingredients combined with growing environmental concerns. Therefore, it seems essential to replace existing processes using toxic petroleum bases solvents with greener extraction processes with lower energy consumption, less wastes but higher extract quality. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research and development of a new extraction process using liquefied gases as liquid solvents. First, this manuscript will outline the state of the art on the liquefied gases and how they are used for extraction of natural products. After this survey, 3 liquefied gases (n-butane, HFO-1234ze and DME) have been selected for laboratory scale experiments performed using a dedicated extraction unit whose design is detailed in chapter II. Then, the tests performed with these 3 gases for extraction of lipophilic compounds from several plant materials has been described. The experimental approach has been combined with a predictive one using decision tools: Hansen Solubility Parameters and COSMO-RS model. This survey demonstrated that liquefied gases are interesting solvents for solubilization and extraction of lipophilic compounds of interest. In parallel, the impacts of the process on environment, safety regulation and quality showed that liquefied gas extraction could be easily transposed at industrial scale
Kiki, Sandoungout Serge Nahed. "Caractérisation de la morphologie des dunes dans des écoulements unidirectionnels et alternatifs." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0045/document.
This thesis deals with the morphodynamics of subaqueous dunes under a turbulent flow. The equilibrium State of the dunes under stationary flow, and then the return to equilibrium state after a change in the flow direction are characterized. The variation of the shape parameters (height, length, aspect ratio) and the migration speed of dunes are examined as a function of the mass m0 of sediment and the flow rate. This study is conducted experimentally into a narrow, closed flume and the results are compared to predictions of a 2D dune model that takes into account the transport relaxation process. For steady dunes, this model predicts a "small dune" and a "large dune" régime where the dune height respectively increases as m0 and √m0. These regimes are separated by a transitional régime where the dune height is proportional to m0 with an exponent ranging from 0.5 to 1. These régimes are identical to those predicted by the model of Kroy et al. (2002) for æolian barchans.Experimentally, the steady dunes range from the “transition” to the "large dune" régime as the mass increases. This agreement allows to assess the saturation length of the transport. The result is consistent with the deposition length proposed by Lajeunesse et al. (2010). Concerning the return to the steady-state shape after changing in the flow direction, two transient scenarios are identified. The first one is a contraction followed by an elongation of the dune shape. In the second one, there is an additional contraction phase associated with an elongation of the dune beyond its initial equilibrium length. For either scenarios, the return-to equilibrium time is not proportional to the mass of the dune
Molino, Elisabeth. "Le mouvement alternatif en R. F. A." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE2016.
The alternative movement is an alliance of several groups which want to show in their way of living and in their acting that other forms of living and production than the ones prescribed by modern industrial societies are possible. This thesis shows what the nowadays alternative movement in the fgr and earlier alternative movements from the turn of the century till the end of the seventies have in common, but also in which points they differ from each other. The alternative movement presents experiments (or projects) as concrete solutions of economic and social crises and forms the ferment to enable the so-called "established" society to develop
Borbély, Adrian. "Managers in disputes and use of alternative dispute resolution in France." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESEC0006.
This dissertation explores resistance factors toward Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) that can be observed in French companies, more precisely in relation with the micro interactions between managers and lawyers as they respond to business disputes. It consists of three academic papers that feature new theory developments, transposition of agency theory in professional services, and two supporting empirical studies. The first one unveils the diverse and dynamic nature of manager-lawyer interaction schemes and offers potential organizational levers to promote efficient dispute resolution practices. The second relates manager individual behavior in disputes, especially in relationship to lawyers, with the successful use of ADR. As a whole, this thesis places at the forefront the notion of coproduction and invites to focus on client behavior in business dispute resolution. It suggests that, as ADR lies at the borders of the French lawyers’ sphere of competency, efficient dispute resolution may require adaptation on the clients’ side, as well as organizational redesign. These studies aim to offer new insights for conflict management theory and reflections for the further promotion of efficient resolution of disputes in France
Guillaud, Albin. "Décrire et expliquer le recours aux thérapeutes alternatifs en France Predictive factors of complementary and alternative medicine use in the general population in Europe: A systematic review Développement, validation et fiabilité d’un questionnaire pour l’évaluation du recours aux thérapeutes alternatifs : QuERTA Does dissatisfaction with physicians lead patients to alternative practitioners?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02909400.
Consulting a therapist using practices without scientific basis (complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioner) involves risks: delaying the diagnosis of a serious disease, turning away from effective treatement, exposing oneself to false information about one's health or illness, or simply paying and spending time for treatment that is at best ineffective but harmless, at worst useless and dangerous. Thus, the use of CAM practitioners questions both from the point of view of public health and the reasons for this behaviour. Yet, in France, data on the subject are scarce and insufficiently detailed to assess the real public health challenge of the phenomenon. In addition, the mechanisms leading patients to use CAM practitioners are poorly understood, which can make it difficult to communicate on the subject for professionals and health institutions. Therefore, our objectives were to describe and explain the use of CAM practitioners in the general French population. After conducting a systematic literature review and developing and validating a questionnaire adapted to our objectives, we performed a cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 10,478 adults living in metropolitan France, as well as a case-control study involving 2,056 respondents from this sample. In the latter, we tested whether being dissatisfied with one’s physician can explain the use of a CAM practitioner without medical training. Finally, we proposed an explanatory model of this recourse, accompanied by testable predictions.52% of respondents reported use of an acupuncturist, chiropractor, homeopath, magnetizer, osteopath or bonesetter in the past 12 months. 68 other types of CAM practitioners were consulted, raising the total recourse rate to 54%. These practitioners, mainly unconventional health practitioners, were consulted mainly for low back pain in addition to medical care. For low back pain, our results showed that being dissatisfied with medical care explains a large part of the complementary use of a CAM practitioner without medical training, except for non-physician osteopaths. Conversely, consulting a CAM practitioner in isolation from any medical care is poorly explained by dissatisfaction with one's general practitioner. In both cases, complementary or isolated recourse, other explanatory factors should be considered, such as the fact that physicians and other conventional health practitioners use or advise themselves scientifically unfounded practices
Guibert, Cédric. "MODELISATION ET COMMANDE EN POUSSEE DE MOTEURS A COURANTS ALTERNATIFS EN PROPULSION NAVALE." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128368.
La première partie de ce mémoire présente la modélisation des propulseurs ainsi que plusieurs commandes en poussée issues de la littérature. La majorité de ces commandes est basée sur l'inversion des modèles avec parfois une boucle de régulation
intermédiaire.
Dans une deuxième partie, une commande originale est proposée. Elle repose sur trois éléments : l'observation du couple hydrodynamique, l'estimation de la poussée par modèle inverse et l'utilisation de correcteurs de type PID. Une étude comparative avec les commandes existantes est menée en simulation.
Enfin, la dernière partie concerne la conception d'un banc d'essais. Ce banc d'essais permettra de valider les modèles et les lois de commande utilisés pour la commande en poussée des AUV et des ROV.
Jeitany, Maya. "Les mécanismes ALTernatifs de maintenance des télomères dans les cellules souches de gliome." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T010/document.
Glioma stem cells (GSC), a subpopulation of tumor cells, are partly responsible for the failure of treatment of gliomas because of their resistance and regenerative capacity. The mechanism of alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT), based on homologous recombination, is detected in approximately 30 % of human gliomas. Therefore, therapeutic strategies directed specifically against ALT may have a therapeutic value. In this work, we further characterized the first model of human ALT GSC, the TG20 cells. We showed that despite their very high rate of recombination, the telomeres were still capable of fulfilling their protective function of chromosomes. We verified that the TG20 cells retained their ability to generate intracerebral tumors after serial transplantations in immunocompromised mice, while preserving an ALT phenotype. These results confirm the cancer stem properties of TG20 cells and the ability of ALT to ensure telomeres maintenance, which is required for the self-renewal and the high proliferation rate of GSC in vivo. Intracerebral grafts of TG20 cells in immunocompromised mice represent thus a good preclinical model for studying ALT gliomas. We have shown that treatment with a ligand of telomeric G-quadruplexes, the 360B, at an early stage of TG20 tumor engraftment, was able to inhibit tumor growth, showing the interest of the use of G-quadruplex ligands to specifically target ALT GSC. Transcriptomic profiling of TG20 cells and several other GSC telomerase-positive lines, incited us to study the roles of two homologous lysine acetyl transferases, PCAF (p300/CBP Associated Factor) and GCN5 (General Control Nonderepressible 5), in the regulation of telomeric recombination in ALT cells. We showed that the inhibition of these two proteins has opposite effects on the ALT mechanism. We propose that a balance of expression of PCAF and GCN5 regulates the telomere maintenance in ALT cells by controlling the turnover of TRF1. This model could serve for the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting ALT gliomas