Academic literature on the topic 'Alternated Cycle'
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Journal articles on the topic "Alternated Cycle"
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Price, Christopher A., and Paul D. Carrière. "Alternate two- and three-follicle wave interovulatory intervals in Holstein heifers monitored for two consecutive estrous cycles." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-094.
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Follicle dynamics were monitored by ultrasonography for two consecutive estrous cycles in 11 Holstein heifers. Overall, 12 of the 22 cycles (55%) had three follicle waves and 10 (45%) had two follicle waves. Two heifers (18%) had consecutive two-wave cycles, three (27%) had consecutive three-wave cycles and six (55%) alternated between two- and three-wave cycles. These data demonstrate that the number of follicle waves can change from one estrous cycle to the next in Holstein heifers. Key words: Cattle, follicle dynamics, follicle wave, follicle-stimulating hormone, consecutive cycles
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Viviani, S., G. Bonadonna, A. Santoro, V. Bonfante, M. Zanini, L. Devizzi, F. Soncini, and P. Valagussa. "Alternating versus hybrid MOPP and ABVD combinations in advanced Hodgkin's disease: ten-year results." Journal of Clinical Oncology 14, no. 5 (May 1996): 1421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1996.14.5.1421.
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PURPOSE To compare, in a prospective randomized trial, the efficacy of two different sequences of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) and doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy in untreated advanced Hodgkin's disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS From June 1982 to September 1990, 427 consecutive previously untreated patients with pathologic stage IB, IIA bulky, IIB, III (A and B), and IV (A and B) disease were prospectively randomized to receive two different sequences of MOPP and ABVD for a minimum of six cycles followed by radiotherapy (median dose, 30 Gy) to the nodal site(s) of pretreatment bulky disease. Of 415 assessable patients, 211 received one cycle of MOPP monthly, alternated with one cycle of ABVD (alternating regimen), and 204 patients received one-half cycle of MOPP alternated with one-half cycle of ABVD within a 1-month period (hybrid regimen). RESULTS The complete remission (CR) rate was 91% with the alternating regimen and 89% with the hybrid regimen. At 10 years, the freedom-from-progression (FFP) rate was 67% versus 69% and the overall survival (OS) rate was 74% versus 72%, respectively. After attainment of CR, 85 patients relapsed in nodal (n = 60) versus extranodal with or without nodal (n = 25) sites. In patients given consolidative radiation because of bulky lymphoma, the true recurrence rate was 13%. A total of 23 second malignancies (6%) were documented, including 11 cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. No cases of congestive heart failure attributable to doxorubicin or pulmonary toxicity related to bleomycin were documented. CONCLUSION By delivering MOPP and ABVD, it is possible to cure approximately 70% of patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. The two different drug sequences yielded superimposable results.
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SHAROM, M. S., and L. V. EDGINGTON. "MOBILITY AND DISSIPATION OF METALAXYL IN TOBACCO SOILS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps86-094.
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Soil thin layer chromatography studies showed that metalaxyl (methyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxyacetyl)alaninate) was similar to 2,4-D and more mobile than pyrazone > permethrin. Soil column studies indicated that approximately 0, 9, 73 and 83% of the applied fungicide leached through a 25-cm soil column after being subjected to 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm of simulated rainfall, respectively. A study on the effects of sequential periods of rain and dry spells on movement of metalaxyl showed that the fungicide was leached with each 5 cm simulated rainfall but moved upward during the dry cycle. There was no leachate from soil columns that received four increments of 5 cm of simulated rainfall alternated with a 48-h drying cycle. However, approximately 32% of the applied metalaxyl was leached through soil columns that received similar rainfall treatment alternated with a 24-h drying cycle. Field plot studies indicated that most of the soil-incorporated metalaxyl remained in the upper 0–30 cm, with approximately 10% being leached into the 30- to 45-cm zone. The half-life of metalaxyl in soil from field plots and six growers’ farms ranged from 3 to 5 wk. Metalaxyl acid, a possible metabolite, was not detected in any of the soil samples. Metalaxyl and its acid were not detected in either the water or sediment of Big Creek which drains the tobacco region.Key words: Metalaxyl, mobility, persistence, environmental contamination
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Stein, Paul S. G., and Margaret L. McCullough. "Example of 2:1 Interlimb Coordination During Fictive Rostral Scratching in a Spinal Turtle." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 1132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.1132.
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Stein, Paul S. G. and Margaret L. McCullough. Example of 2:1 interlimb coordination during fictive rostral scratching in a spinal turtle. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1132–1134, 1998. The usual interlimb coordination pattern during fictive rostral scratching in turtles is 1:1 coordination. We describe an example in a turtle of 2:1 coordination during fictive rostral scratching in which there were two cycles of ipsilateral hip flexor activity during each cycle of contralateral hip extensor activity. During 2:1 coordination, there were fluctuations in the ipsilateral hip flexor cycle period such that a larger ipsilateral hip flexor normalized period, which was associated with the onset of a contralateral hip extensor burst, alternated with a smaller ipsilateral hip flexor normalized period, which was associated with the absence of the onset of a contralateral hip extensor burst. These observations support the concept that contralateral circuitry modulates the timing of ipsilateral motor rhythms and therefore contributes to the production of the ipsilateral motor pattern for rostral scratching.
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Ottenhoff, F. A., A. van der Bilt, H. W. van der Glas, and F. Bosman. "Control of elevator muscle activity during simulated chewing with varying food resistance in humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.3.933.
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1. During chewing, a small part of the observed muscle activity is needed for the basic open-close movements of the mandible, and much additional muscle activity (AMA) is needed to overcome the resistance of the food. In chewing cycles in which a counteracting force is expected, the AMA is mainly generated by peripheral induction with a latency of approximately 23 ms. It was investigated whether an open-loop or closed-loop mechanism is involved in the control of the AMA in these cycles. 2. Subjects made rhythmic open-close movements at their natural chewing frequency controlled by a metronome. Food resistance was simulated by an external force, acting on the jaw in a downward direction during part of the closing movement. Sequences of cycles with a force were unexpectedly alternated with sequences of cycles with a different force. The force changed from 19 to 0 N and vice versa, and from 25 to 6 N and vice versa. Jaw movement and surface electromyogram of the masseter, temporalis, and suprahyoid muscles on both sides were recorded during cycles before and after the transition from one force condition to another. 3. The movement trajectory and AMA of the second and following cycles with a new force appeared to be similar. Thus adaptation to the changed circumstances occurred within two open-close cycles. 4. In the first cycle with 0 or 6 N in the 19----0 N and 25----6 N experiments respectively, a large part of the AMA had disappeared. The AMA in this cycle started to differ from the AMA in the previous cycle approximately 23 ms after the moment the force in this cycle started to differ from the previous cycle. 5. In the first cycle with 19 or 25 N in the reverse experiments, the AMA increased 120–136 ms after the moment the force in this cycle started to differ from the previous cycle. 6. During the closing phase of each open-close cycle, no muscle activity of the suprahyoid muscles was observed; thus co-contraction with the elevator muscles did not occur. 7. It was concluded that the AMA is under control of a closed-loop mechanism with a latency of approximately 23 ms. However, the reflex output has a maximum, depending on information about the food resistance gained in previous cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Habiyaremye, Jean de Dieu, Sylvie Herrmann, François Buscot, and Kezia Goldmann. "Temporal Changes and Alternating Host Tree Root and Shoot Growth Affect Soil Microbiomes." Proceedings 66, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020066035.
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Patterns of trees’ endogenous rhythmic growth (ERG) and paralleled C allocation shift between root and shoot systems have been studied, but there is still a need to understand their impact in shaping soil microbiomes. Moreover, the impact of plants on soil microbial communities can be modulated or overweighed by time-induced plant and/or seasonal changes. Thus, we intended to analyze the structure of soil microbiomes as response to simultaneous alternated host tree root and shoot flushes and time-induced changes within one vegetation period at two sites in Central Germany. In this study, we utilized oak phytometers (Quercus robur L., clone DF159) as host trees, and made use of their ERG, whereby consecutive root and shoot flushes make a complete growth cycle. We studied two complete growth cycles during the same vegetation period, performed a non-destructive soil sampling and applied high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S gene and the fungal ITS2 region. As C allocation shifts between the tree root and shoot, released root exudates and consequently the nutrient availability alternate for soil microorganisms. We therefore anticipated different microbial communities in the host tree root zone along the growth cycles until autumnal leaf senescence. In our results, the bacterial community exhibited a directional change over time along the vegetation period. In contrast, the fungal community appeared sample specific. Our findings enlarge the current understanding of the temporal microbial assembly in the host tree root zone.
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Sheremetyev, Vadim, Muhammad Farzik Ijaz, Anastasia Kudryashova, Anton S. Konopatsky, Sergey Prokoshkin, and Vladimir Brailovski. "Characterization of the Superelastic and Structural Characteristics of β-Ti Alloys by Strain-Controlled Cycling after Thermomechanical Processing and Subsequent Ageing." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 31 (January 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.31.43.
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In this comparative study, the structural and superelastic characteristics of two thermomechanically treated metastable Ti-Nb based (Ti-22Nb-6Zr) and Ti-Zr based (Ti-18Zr-14Nb and Ti-18Zr-13Nb-2Ta (at. %)) alloy systems were studied. To study the influence of room temperature storage on the functional properties of these two alloy systems, the alloys were subjected to a multistage testing routine consisting of four ten-cycle loading-unloading testing series alternated with three room temperature ageing periods (1, 5 and 20 days). Based on microstructure-properties relationships, it was shown that for each alloy system, the forward stress-induced martensitic transformation was essentially dependent on the material microstructure, whereas the subsequent reverse martenstic transformation was controlled by the material composition. The Ti-Zr based alloys demonstrated more stable functional behavior than their Ti-Nb based counterparts. More specifically Ti-18Zr-13Nb-2Ta, subjected to a combination of cyclic training alternated with room temperature ageing showed a significant improvement in superelastic behavior with small accumulated strains and narrow stress hysteresis.
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Karvonen, M., J. Tuomilehto, J. Pitkäniemi, and P. Saikku. "The epidemic cycle of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in eastern Finland, 1972–1987." Epidemiology and Infection 110, no. 2 (April 1993): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800068291.
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SUMMARYThe epidemic cycle of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was examined in two areas in eastern Finland over a period of 15 years, 1972–87. The C. pneumoniae IgG antibody prevalence was determined with 5-year intervals in a random sample of the population aged 25–59 years. The total number of sera studied using immunofluorescence was 2387. In 1972 the antibody prevalence was 57% and it increased to 66% in 1977. Over the next 5 years the prevalence decreased to 44% in 1982, but by 1987 it had again increased to 59%. The temporal variation in prevalence was statistically significant (P < 0·001) and similar for both genders. Throughout the observation period the overall prevalence Mas 7–11% higher in men than in women (P < 0·01). The antibody prevalence increased with age, being the highest among the oldest study subjects of both genders. The periods of high and low prevalence alternated in an epidemic cycle (P < 0·001) of about 10 years
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Nam, Purumeh, and Seung-Hyun Kim. "Partially Accommodative Esotropia Manifesting as Cyclic Esotropia: A Case Study." Annals of Optometry and Contact Lens 21, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52725/aocl.2022.21.4.180.
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Purpose: Cyclic esotropia is a rare disease with alternating cycles of recurrent esotropia that has been reported after strabismus surgery, head trauma, and psychological stress. We report a patient who presented with accommodative esotropia that deteriorated to cyclic esotropia and was managed successfully.Case Summary: A 2-year-old girl with no previous ophthalmological or neurological illnesses presented with esotropia. The alternate prism cover test showed 16 prism diopters (PD) of esotropia during distance and near fixation, and cycloplegic refraction showed +2.00 diopters (D) right eye and +1.50 D left eye. Under the impression of accommodative esotropia, she was prescribed glasses to fully correct her cycloplegic refraction. Nine months later, her esotropia was 14 PD with hyperopic correction. Her parents also complained that she had ‘non-squinting’ and ‘squinting’ days. The history and clinical findings suggested cyclic esotropia and she was asked to start a daily diary documenting the presence or absence of her squint. This revealed that the esotropia alternated on a 24-hour cycle. With a diagnosis of cyclic esotropia, she underwent right medial rectus recession. Postoperatively, her angle of esodeviation improved to orthotropia (near and distance) and stereoacuity was restored; this was maintained at the 1-year follow-up.Conclusions: A daily diary documenting the presence or absence of squint in patients who complain of alternating esotropia, even after hyperopic correction, is important. Cyclic esotropia often responds well to surgical management.
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Yuniarti, K., L. Efiyanti, E. Basri, G. Pasaribu, and TK Waluyo. "Intermittent drying of dragon blood’s resin." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1034, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1034/1/012010.
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Abstract Dragon blood’s resin is one of herbal commodities from Indonesia’s forest, mainly obtained from the rattan fruits called Jernang (Daemonorops sp). The effectiveness of its simplicia as medical material is affected by, one of which, the processing stages it exposes to, i.e. the drying techniques being applied. Intermittent drying is a drying technique combining heating phase at certain temperature and period with non-heating phase at ambient temperature and certain period. The cycle was alternated until the samples being dried reach the final target condition. This study particularly investigated the effect of implementing different intermittent drying conditions on the drying rate and quality of dragon’s blood resin. Three heating temperatures, 60°C, 55°C and 55/60°C, and 2 non-heating periods, 15 and 30 mins, were applied. A 1-hour heating phase was applied and alternated regularly with the non-heating period. c. Further statistical analysis confirmed that the heating temperature levels and non-heating periods, as well as their interaction, significantly affected several quality parameters of dragon blood’s resin (dracorhodin, final moisture, ash and impurity levels). Intermittent drying with heating phase at 60°C and 15-mins non-heating period is potential for further application.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternated Cycle"
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Terra, Adriana Cristina. "Interferências do campo elétrico alternado externo em células tumorais e normais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-30042010-090133/.
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Os campos elétricos alternados de frequência intermediária (10 KHz a 1MHz) e baixa intensidade têm efeitos inibitórios sobre o crescimento de várias linhagens celulares de tumores humanos e murinos. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho é conhecer os efeitos biológicos da aplicação externa de Campos Elétricos Alternados de intensidades de 10 V e 5 V nas frequências de 200kHz, 1Mhz e 2Mhz; em culturas de células de melanoma murino (B16F10) e fibroblastos humanos normais (FN1), durante 24 horas. Foram estudados os efeitos biológicos antiproliferativos e pró-apoptóticos através das seguintes análises: Citometria de Fluxo para identificar a distribuição das populações celulares nas fases do ciclo celular, Colorimétrico MTT para avaliar a viabilidade celular e Peroxidação Lipídica para avaliar a produção de radicais livres lipídicos poliinsaturados. Os resultados mostraram que em fibroblastos humanos normais o campo elétrico alternado induziu efeito antiproliferativo, indutor de necrose e apoptose, porém em menor efeito tóxico quando comparado às células de melanoma (B16F10), principalmente na frequência de 200 kHz. Por outro lado, na frequência de 2MHz e intensidade 10V, as células de melanoma presentes no sobrenadante e aderentes expressaram diferencialmente número de células mortas por apoptose (Anexina-V) e caspase-3 fosforilada. Os diferentes efeitos produzidos entre as duas linhagens estudadas atentam para o fato de que a compreensão dos mecanismos biofísicos da regulação do reparo e da proliferação celular envolve fenômenos celulares e vias de sinalização altamente complexas.Electric fields of alternating intermediate frequency and low intensity have inhibitory effects on the growth of various tumor cell lines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of external application of external alternating electric field (CEAE) intensities of 10 V and 5 V in the frequency 200kHz, 1MHz and 2MHz; in cultured murine melanoma cells (B16F10) and human fibroblasts normal (FN1). We studied the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic by flow cytometry to identify the distribution of cell populations in the phases of the cell cycle, Colorimetric MTT to evaluate cell viability and lipid peroxidation to evaluate the production of free radicals lipid acids. The results showed that in fibroblasts (FN 1) the normal CEAE induced antiproliferative effect, inducing apoptosis and necrosis, but at a lower cytotoxic potential when applied to melanoma cells (B16F10), mainly in the frequency of 200 kHz. Moreover, the frequency of 2MHz and intensity 10V, the melanoma cells in supernatant and the members expressed differentially number of dead cells by apoptosis and caspase-3 phosphorylated. The different effects between the two strains studied to undermine the fact that understanding the biophysical mechanisms of regulation of repair and cell proliferation involves cellular phenomena and signaling pathways highly specific and complex.
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El, Mrabti Halim. "Dynamique de l’aimantation des nanoparticules magnétiques en présence d’un champ magnétique alternatif." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1082.
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Dans ce travail de thèse nous nous sommes intéressés à la dynamique de l’aimantation des nanoparticules magnétiques monodomaines en présence d’un champ magnétique alternatif (ac) d’amplitude et d’orientation arbitraire, en tenant compte de l’effet de l’agitation thermique, dans le contexte du modèle de Brown de rotation cohérente de l’aimantation. En particulier, nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets non-linéaires dus aux excitations d’un champ ac fort, dans la dynamique de l’aimantation des nanoparticules individuelles et les assemblées de nanoparticules sans interactions, dans une gamme de fréquence large (jusqu’à 10 GHz). Notre étude porte sur les nanoparticules avec une anisotropie uniaxiale et biaxiale. Nous avons calculé les grandeurs physiques pertinentes pour modéliser cette dynamique, telles que la susceptibilité dynamique non-linéaire, le temps de retournement de l’aimantation, et le cycle d’hystérésis dynamique (DMH). Les résultats obtenus montrent une forte dépendance de la réponse non-linéaire et de la DMH vis-à-vis de l’anisotropie, de la constante de biaxialité, de la température, ainsi que de l’amplitude et de l’orientation des champs dc et ac. De plus, contrairement aux particules uniaxiales, la réponse stationnaire non-linéaire et la DMH dépendent fortement de la direction azimutale du champ ac, et pas seulement de l’angle polaire entre l’axe facile et le champ externe. Ce travail de thèse apparait comme une nouvelle approche théorique des études de la dynamique de l’aimantation des nanoparticules magnétiques, sous l’action d’un champ ac fort, ouvrant la voie vers la solution d’autres problèmes non-linéairesIn the present work, the dynamics of the magnetization of single domain magnetic nanoparticles assisted by an external alternative current (ac) magnetic field of arbitrary strength and orientation, in presence of the thermal agitation, is treated in the context of the Brown’s model of coherent rotation of the magnetization. Our main objective was to treat nonlinear effects due to strong ac magnetic excitations in the dynamics of the magnetization of an individual nanoparticle and an assembly of non-interacting nanoparticles across a wide frequency range (up to 10 GHz). Our study has been focused on the nanoparticles both with a uniaxial and biaxial anisotropy. We have calculated the relevant physical quantities such as nonlinear dynamical susceptibility, magnetization reversal time, and dynamic magnetic hysteresis (DMH). The results show a strong dependence of nonlinear response and the DMH on the anisotropy constant, biaxiality constant, temperature, amplitudes and orientations of the dc and ac fields. Furthermore, in contrast to uniaxial particles, the nonlinear ac stationary response and DMH strongly depend on the azimuthal direction of the ac field and not only the polar angle between the easy axis and the external field vector. In the present work, we have developed a theoretical approach to treat the dynamics of the magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles subjected to a strong ac field, opening a new way to the solution of other nonlinear problems
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Vijayaraghavan, Sanjay. "Thermodynamic studies on alternate binary working fluid combinations and configurations for a combined power and cooling cycle." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001112.
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Flodman, Marcus. "Livscykelanalys av marksaneringsåtgärder : Åtgärdsvalstudie för Norrbyskär - vilket alternativ innebär minst klimatbelastning?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111234.
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Life cycle assessment of soil remediation options:Study of options at Norrbyskär - which alternative has the least climate impact? The purpose of this report was to make a life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare four suggested options for soil remediation at Norrbyskär, Umeå. The question formulation was to find out which option that had the least climate impact depending on the aim of the remediation. Main focus of the study was emissions of CO2 from transportation and machine work for each remediation option. The LCA was a screening and presented a good overview for the results. What sets the four remediation options apart is the amount of soil that is processed for each option. The LCA was performed according to the standards ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006. Calculations in the report was performed with the LCA-software SimaPro and general data from EcoInvent. The results showed that the total emissions from each soil remediation option varied between 310 and 590 tonnes carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e). The option that only included covering of the contaminated area with new soil had the least emissions and the option that included excavation and filling with new soil had the highest emissions. Both options do not fulfill the same goals in the end, though. One conclusion is that the more extensive remediation is the greater is the climate impact.
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Moulton, Taylor Allen. "Parametric study of the total system life cycle cost of an alternate nuclear waste management strategy using deep boreholes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55071.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2008.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The Department of Energy recently submitted a license application for the Yucca Mountain repository to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, yet even the most optimistic timetable projects that the repository will not now open until at least 2020. The Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management recently revised the official undiscounted total life cycle cost of the waste management system upward by $22B (2000$), an increase of nearly 40% over the previous estimate, published in 2001. In this thesis a waste management tool, named SNuFManager (Spent Nuclear Fuel Manager), has been developed which deterministically simulates the stocks and flows of spent fuel in the United States and estimates annual expenditures based on the system's behavior. The tool allows policy makers to quickly and cheaply estimate the economic consequences of various decision alternatives under an array of scenarios in order to make quantitatively informed decisions and identify ways to mitigate or reverse recent increases in life cycle costs. The results are expressed in 2000 dollars, enabling a convenient comparison with the government's 2001 total system life cycle cost analysis. For each year of delay beyond 2020 in opening the repository and transferring ownership of spent fuel to the federal government, the total waste management system life cycle cost is estimated to increase by another $330M (2000$). The model also estimates that switching from the current mined geologic repository approach to a deep borehole disposal strategy would reduce the undiscounted total system life cycle cost by $19.4B, or 32%.
(cont.) Assuming a 10% discount rate, the net present cost of the deep borehole strategy is 18% less than that of the mined geologic repository approach. Finally, the model illustrates the economic benefits of opening a centralized interim storage facility of significant capacity as soon as possible. For example, if a 40,000 metric tonne facility, comparable in scale to the proposed Private Fuel Storage Facility in Utah, was opened by 2020, and the mined repository was opened in the same year, the total life cycle cost would be reduced by $1.5B relative to the case with no interim storage. If, moreover, the opening date of the mined geologic repository were delayed until 2040 or 2060, the savings provided by interim storage increase dramatically, to $4.9 and $8.1B, respectively. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the political and strategic consequences of several key policy choices.
by Taylor Allen Moulton.
S.M.
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Desmons, Sarah. "Cycle de Calvin alternatif : catalyse chémo-enzymatique pour la transformation du dioxyde de carbone en carbohydrates et dérivés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30200.
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Le manuscrit présente la conversion du dioxyde de carbone en sucres C3 et C4 à l'aide de réactions en cascade chimio-enzymatiques stéréocontrôlées. Le processus repose sur une stratégie en deux étapes avec (i) la réduction catalytique et sélective à 4 électrons du CO2 en un dérivé bis(boryl)acétal suivi (ii) de couplage enzymatique C-C stéréocontrôlé du dérivé bis(boryl)acétal en sucres C3 et C4. La stratégie développée est sans précédent et représente une nouvelle approche pour l'utilisation du CO2 comme source Cn pour la synthèse de biomolécules énantiomériquement pures importantes sur le plan industriel. Le premier chapitre est une étude bibliographique décrivant (i) une introduction à la chimie des sucres avec un focus particulier dédié à la production de sucres à partir de CO2 et de formaldéhyde comme sources C1 et (ii) la réduction sélective et catalytique à quatre électrons du CO2 à l'aide d'hydroborane et d'hydrosilane utilisés comme réducteur pour la formation de dérivés bis(boryl)acétal et bis(silyl)acétal ainsi que leur utilisation comme sources de formaldéhyde ou substituts de formaldéhyde pour la synthèse de produits à haute valeur ajoutée. Le deuxième chapitre présente la synthèse et la réactivité des dérivés bis(boryl)acétal et bis(silyl)acétal. Notamment, un nouveau dérivé bis(boryl)acétal a été synthétisé avec succès et isolé à l'échelle du gramme. Le troisième chapitre décrit la bioconversion stéréocontrôlée du dérivé bis(boryl)acétal synthétisé à partir du CO2 en sucres. Notamment, une réaction enzymatique en cascade a été réalisée pour la production d'un sucre C4 énantiomériquement pur en utilisant le CO2 comme seule source de carboneThe manuscript presents the conversion of carbon dioxide into C3 and C4 carbohydrates using stereocontrolled chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions. The process relies on a two-step strategy with (i) the catalytic and selective 4-electron reduction of CO2 into a bis(boryl)acetal derivative followed by (ii) the stereocontrolled bio-catalyzed C-C coupling of the bis(boryl)acetal derivative into carbohydrates. The strategy developed is unprecedented and represents a new exciting approach for the use of CO2 as a Cn source for the synthesis of valuable industrially relevant enantiomerically pure biomolecules. The first chapter is a bibliographic study describing (i) an introduction to carbohydrate chemistry with a special focus dedicated to the production of carbohydrates from CO2 and formaldehyde as C1 sources and (ii) the selective and catalytic four-electron reduction of CO2 using hydroborane and hydrosilane as reductants for the formation of bis(boryl)acetal and bis(silyl)acetal derivatives and their use as formaldehyde sources or formaldehyde surrogates for the synthesis of value-added product. The second chapter presents the synthesis and reactivity of bis(boryl)acetal and bis(silyl)acetal derivatives. Notably, a new isolable bis(boryl)acetal derivative was successfully synthesized and isolated on a gram scale. The third chapter describes the stereocontrolled bioconversion of the bis(boryl)acetal derivative synthetized from CO2 into carbohydrates. Notably, an enzymatic cascade reaction was performed for the production of an enantiomerically pure C4 carbohydrate using CO2 as the only carbon source
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El, Basri Emanuele [Verfasser], and Norbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Dichtl. "Development of a fault detection algorithm for an alternate aerobic/anoxic cycle nitrogen removal process / Emanuele El Basri ; Betreuer: Norbert Dichtl." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1175815993/34.
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Lemaire, Matthieu. "Contrôle du cycle cellulaire : les phosphatases CDC25 et la protéine SvCds1/SvCHK2." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30167.
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Les phosphatases CDC25 sont des acteurs majeurs de l'activation des complexes CDK-Cycline dans les cellules eucaryotes, et constituent une cible essentielle des points de contrôle du cycle cellulaire. (i) Nous avons examiné le rôle des CDC25 humaines au cours du cycle cellulaire et lors de l'activation des points de contrôle, en remplaçant le gène cdc25 unique de la levure S. Pombe par les séquences d'ADN codant différentes phosphatases CDC25 humaines. (ii) Ensuite nous avons caractérisé la phosphorylation in vitro de CDC25B par les kinases p38 et MK-2, deux acteurs de la réponse cellulaire aux radiations ultraviolettes. (iii) CDC25 est phosphorylée et inhibée par la kinase Cds1/CHK2 lors de l'activation des points de contrôle, et nous avons montré l'existence d'un variant d'épissage de cette kinase, conservé de la levure à l'homme. (iv) Enfin nous présentons des travaux suggérant la participation de Cdc25 à des complexes de haut poids moléculaire dans la levure S. PombeCDC25 phosphatases are key players in the activation of CDK-Cyclin complexes in eukaryotic cells, and as such, are major targets of the cell cycle checkpoint pathways. (i) We have examined and compared the role of human CDC25 phosphatases during the cell cycle and in response to checkpoint activation, by generating fission yeast strains expressing the human CDC25 isoforms in place of endogenous Cdc25. (ii) We have studied the in vitro phosphorylation of CDC25B by MK-2 and p38, two kinases implicated in the UV-induced DNA damage response. (iii) CDC25 is phosphorylated and inhibited by the Cds1/CHK2 kinase during checkpoint activation, and we have discovered the existence of an evolutionarily conserved splice variant of this kinase. (iv) We also present some data suggesting that Cdc25 is associated with high density complexes in the fission yeast S. Pombe
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Laetitia, Michelle. "Les protéines du complexe exon-jonction (EJC) régulent l'épissage alternatif du transcrit Bcl-x, ainsi que d'autres transcrits reliés au contrôle de l'apoptose et du cycle cellulaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6641.
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Les protéines du complexe exon-jonction (WC) régulent l'épissage alternatif du transcrit Bc1-x, ainsi que d'autres transcrits reliés au contrôle de l'apoptose et du cycle cellulaire. L'épissage alternatif du transcrit 8c1-x constitue un événement déterminant pour les choix de vie ou de mort cellulaire en réponse aux stimuli internes ou externes. Les décisions d'épissage s'opérant sur BcI-x aboutissent à la production de deux transcrits majeurs, par utilisation de sites d'épissage 5' en compétition définissant l'exon 2. L'isoforme la plus longue, Bc1-x,, possède une activité anti-apopotique, alors que BcI-xs, amputé des 189 derniers nucléotides de cet exon, présente un potentiel pro-apoptotique. La fonction capitale de ces isoformes antagonistes justifie l'étroite régulation conditionnant leur expression. L'objectif premier de ces travaux de thèse a consisté à identifier des régulateurs protéiques de l'épissage alternatif de BcI-x, afin d'étoffer notre compréhension de cette régulation. L'utilisation d'un criblage à l'ARN interférence a mené à l'implication de plusieurs protéines du complexe exon-jonction (EJC) dans la régulation de cet événement d'épissage. Leur déplétion favorise l'épissage vers une production accrue de l'isoforme pro-apoptotique, corrélée à l'enclenchement de la mort cellulaire programmée. A la différence de leur fonction première au sein de l'EJC, les protéines formant le coeur de l'EJC, soit eIF4A3, 1114 et Magoh, ainsi que les composants s'y associant (RNP51, SAP18 et Acinus), influencent les décisions d'épissage prises sur le pré-ARNm BcI-x, indépendamment des fonctions d'export ou d'initiation du nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) communément associées à l'EJC. Une interaction sur le transcrit est d'ailleurs retrouvée pour la majorité de ces protéines, dans des extraits cellulaires totaux ainsi qu'in vitro. L'investigation des mécanismes moléculaires à l'origine de cette régulation révèlent que les éléments cis impliqués sont distincts, la fonction et la liaison des protéines e1F4A3, Y14 et Magoh étant assurée par un élément 82E, situé en aval du site d'épissage xs, alors que la protéine RNPS1 agirait en liant la portion centrale de l'élément SB1, en amont du site d'épissage xs. Par ailleurs, l'analyse en RT-PCR conduite à moyen débit sur des cellules ayant subi une déplétion de ces facteurs de l'EJC met en évidence des altérations de profils d'épissage concernant une dizaine de transcrits dont la fonction est associée au processus apoptotique. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse relate l'ensemble de ces observations et propose que certains facteurs de l'EJC assureraient une fonction régulatrice sur l'épissage de transcrits participant à l'échafaudage de l'apoptose. La deuxième partie de ces travaux relate les perturbations du cycle cellulaire engendrées par la déplétion de l'ARN hélicase eIF4A3, se traduisant notamment par une accumulation de dommage à l'ADN, ainsi que des défauts de formation de fuseau mitotique. L'analyse en RT-PCR du profil d'épissage de 192 transcrits dont l'ontologie est reliée à la progression du cycle cellulaire met en évidence des variations de l'expression des isoformes produites à partir de plusieurs de ces transcrits, incluant en particulier CDC25B, encodant une phosphatase dont l'activité est cruciale durant la transition G2/M. Les altérations de profil d'épissage retrouvées pour I-IDAC3, une histone déacétylase, et FOXM1, un facteur de transcription régulant de nombreux gènes du cycle cellulaire, pourraient expliquer en partie comment des dommages à l'ADN induisent potentiellement un blocage subséquent en mitose, menant à un processus connu sous le terme de catastrophe mitotique. Mes travaux de thèse suggèrent que plusieurs composants de l'EJC incluant particulièrement la protéine eIF4A3 auraient diversifié leur fonction vers la régulation d'événements d'épissage assurant la coordination entre la progression du cycle cellulaire et la survie. De ce fait, une diminution du niveau intracellulaire de ces facteurs enclenche des perturbations aboutissant ultimement à un arrêt de croissance et la mort cellulaire. [symboles non conformes]
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Sayagh, Shahinaz. "Approche multicritère de l'utilisation de materiaux alternatifs dans les chaussées." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348412.
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Une méthode d'évaluation environnementale de tronçons routiers, modulaire, basée sur l'Analyse de Cycle de Vie et développée au LCPC, a été étendue aux calculs d'impacts et aux matériaux alternatifs. L'objet de cette thèse était de comparer des variantes d'autoroutes interurbaines utilisant des matériaux naturels et alternatifs et d'étendre l'outil associé au milieu urbain, tout en menant une réflexion sur l'accessibilité de l'outil par des non-spécialistes de l'environnement. Les spécificités de conception urbaine ont été implémentées sur une base de dimensionnement classique. L'extension aux matériaux alternatifs a été traitée pour des laitiers de hauts fourneaux. Plusieurs applications à des cas types de chaussées ainsi que des études d'ouvrages sont présentées. Une enquête sous forme d'entretiens et de questionnaires a été réalisée auprès de différents acteurs de la profession, permettant de dégager la place des critères environnementaux au sein du processus décisionnel.
Books on the topic "Alternated Cycle"
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Eugene, Wetzstein Michael, and United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service., eds. Life-cycle costs of alternative fuels: Is biodiesel cost competitive for urban buses? Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1995.
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Eugene, Wetzstein Michael, and United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service., eds. Life-cycle costs of alternative fuels: Is biodiesel cost competitive for urban buses? Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1995.
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Eugene, Wetzstein Michael, and United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service., eds. Life-cycle costs of alternative fuels: Is biodiesel cost competitive for urban buses? Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1995.
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P, Gover M., and Great Britain. Energy Technology Support Unit., eds. Alternative road transport fuels: A preliminary life-cycle study for the UK. London: HMSO, 1996.
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Jr, Modesitt L. E. The Soprano Sorceress (Spellsong Cycle). Orbit, 1998.
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Jr, Modesitt L. E. Soprano Sorceress: The First Book of the Spellsong Cycle. Doherty Associates, LLC, Tom, 2010.
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The Soprano Sorceress: The First Book of the Spellsong Cycle. Tor Books, 1998.
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The Soprano Sorceress: The First Book of the Spellsong Cycle. Tor Fantasy, 1998.
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Cummings, Jeffrey, and Kate Zhong. Promise and Challenges in Drug Development and Assessment for Cognitive Enhancers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190214401.003.0001.
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Cognitive disturbances are ubiquitous in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia, depression, developmental disorders, acquired brain disorders (traumatic brain injury and stroke), and neurodegenerative disorders all have cognitive impairment as a manifestation. Cognitive enhancers can improve intellectual function and have been approved for Alzheimer’s dementia, dementia of Parkinson’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cognitive enhancers are being developed for other cognitive disorders. There are many advantages for development of symptomatic cognitive enhancers compared to disease-modifying agents. Cognitive enhancers typically modulate transmitter systems. Cross-disease phenotypes such as executive function impairment may represent a development strategy for cognitive enhancing agents. Life cycle management strategies for cognitive enhancers include expanding indications to disorders with related pathophysiology or to different stages of disease severity and development of alternate formulations. Cognitive enhancers can restore essential cognitive capability and are a critical element of optimal care of patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
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Wilsey, Brian J. Conservation and Restoration of Grasslands. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0008.
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Conservation programs alter herbivore stocking rates and find and protect the remaining areas that have not been plowed or converted to crops. Restoration is an ‘Acid Test’ for ecology. If we fully understand how grassland systems function and assemble after disturbance, then it should be easy to restore them after they have been degraded or destroyed. Alternatively, the idea that restorations will not be equivalent to remnants has been termed the ‘Humpty Dumpty’ hypothesis—once lost, it cannot be put back together again. Community assembly may follow rules, and if these rules are uncovered, then we may be able to accurately predict final species composition after assembly. Priority effects are sometimes found depending on species arrival orders, and they can result in alternate states. Woody plant encroachment is the increase in density and biomass of woody plants, and it is strongly affecting grassland C and water cycles.
Book chapters on the topic "Alternated Cycle"
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Gupta, Rani, and Namita Gupta. "Alternate Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle." In Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism, 347–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0723-3_13.
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Wipking, Wolfgang, and Claudia Mengelkoch. "Control of alternate-year flight activities in high-alpine Ringlet butterflies (Erebia, Satyridae) and Burnet moths (Zygaena, Zygaenidae) from temperate environments." In Insect life-cycle polymorphism, 313–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1888-2_15.
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Hewes, C. D., O. Holm-Hansen, and E. Sakshaug. "Alternate Carbon Pathways at Lower Trophic Levels in the Antarctic Food Web." In Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs, 277–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82275-9_40.
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Tsuzaki, Minoru, Chihiro Takeshima, and Toshie Matsui. "Pitch Perception for Sequences of Impulse Responses Whose Scaling Alternates at Every Cycle." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 147–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1590-9_17.
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Powlick, Leonard. "The Staging of the Chester Cycle: An Alternate Theory." In The Chester Mystery Cycle, 199–230. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315862019-13.
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"Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment." In Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment, edited by David H. Secor and Lisa A. Kerr. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch33.
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<em>Abstract</em>.-In the study of species life histories and the structure of diadromous populations, an emerging trend is the prevalence of life cycle diversity-that is, individuals within populations that do not conform to a single life cycle pattern. A rapid rise in publications documenting within-population variability in life cycles has resulted in the use of numerous terms and phrases. We argue that myriad terms specific to taxa, ecosystem types, and applications are in fact describing the same phenomenon-life cycle diversity. This phenomenon has been obscured by the use of multiple terms across applications, but also by the overuse of typologies (i.e., anadromy, catadromy) that fail to convey the extent of life cycle variations that underlay population, metapopulation, and species dynamics. To illustrate this, we review migration and habitat-use terms that have been used to describe life cycles and life cycle variation. Using a citation index (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts © Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts), terms were tallied across taxonomic family, ecosystem, type of application, analytical approach, and country of study. Studies on life cycle diversity have increased threefold during the past 15 years, with a total of 336 papers identified in this review. Most of the 40 terms we identified described either sedentary or migratory lifetime behaviors. The sedentary-migratory dichotomy fits well with the phenomenon of partial migration, which has been commonly reported for birds and Salmonidae and is postulated to be the result of early life thresholds (switch-points). On the other hand, the lexicon supports alternate modes of migration, beyond the simple sedentary-migratory dichotomy. Here more elaborate causal mechanisms such as the entrainment hypothesis may have application. Diversity of life cycles in fish populations, whether due to partial migration, entrainment, or other mechanisms, is increasingly recognized as having the effect of offsetting environmental stochasticity and contributing to long-term persistence.
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Straus, Joseph N. "Thomas Adès, The Tempest, Act III, Scene 5 (2003)." In The Art of Post-Tonal Analysis, 161–67. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197543979.003.0029.
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The vocal line alternates two intervals (2 and 7), creating a combination cycle that traces an octatonic scale, arranged as an RI-chain. Two additional lines in the instrumental accompaniment trace the same combination cycle, but moving in the opposite direction. The rhythm of all three lines is also strictly patterned.
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Morbiato, Luciano. "Del narratore e di altre figure nel ciclo di Nane Oca." In Per sentiero e per foresta. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-420-2/003.
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The reading of the four novels that constitute the cycle of Nane Oca (1992-2019) allows to understand the fusion of story and tale realised by Giuliano Scabia: the fabulous adventures of the main character, Giovanni, alternate with the iteration of the opening scene where (through the character of Guido il Puliero) the process of narration starts. Listeners (and, in perspective, readers) join the narrator and gradually become collective authors, in the tradition of the folk storytelling.
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Prajwal, Bhargav, Harlal S. Mali, and Ravindra Nagar. "Life Cycle Energy Assessment of a Typical Marble Processing Plant." In Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 452–66. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch020.
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This article describes how marble is one of the most important stone resources in terms of durability. It is aesthetically pleasing, and a decorative material used by many architects, as well as plays an important role in the economy of India. Most of the marble processing activities are performed by small and medium scale industries (SMEs) not only in India but worldwide. These industries have low efficiency and productivity due to lack of new technologies, high productivity cost and a lack of proper sustainable waste management systems, thereby increasing the waste generated during the processing stage. There is a significant need within the sector for increasing production efficiency, combined with the need of a substantial reduction in waste generated that can be achieved by endorsing technological innovations. This is in addition to following best available processing practices, incorporating energy saving technologies and modernizing the sectors management and organization structure which will substantially increase efficiency as well as production. This article provides a systematic approach for assessing the current energy and present environment status of a typical SME processing units of Rajasthan area, and proposes measures for meeting cleaner production principles. An evaluation methodology was developed considering the realistic plant operation scenarios. The total energy inputs for processing the products with their appropriate environmental indices like CO2 emissions were calculated. Alternatively, the CO2 emissions were also calculated by Gabi educational software for different industries and the best way of reducing the energy consumption is suggested by following alternate source of energy.
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Hemmann, Kathryn. "Dangerous Women and Dangerous Stories." In Rethinking Japanese Feminisms. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824866693.003.0011.
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In her two bestselling novels Grotesque and Real World, Kirino Natsuo (1951–) contrasts the commodified sexuality of young women with the sexual alienation of older women. Through her fiction, the author responds to several strands of discourse on women and social responsibility that shaped public policy in Japan during the late 1990s, in which women were blamed for issues such as Japan’s low birthrate and economic stagnation. At the center of these debates was women’s sexuality, which politicians and the media alternately worshipped and villainized. Kirino critiques the contradictions inherent in these discourses by demonstrating their effect on her female characters, who find themselves trapped in a cycle of outwardly imposed misogyny and internalized self-hatred that they in turn direct toward other women.
Conference papers on the topic "Alternated Cycle"
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Fouvry, S., V. Fridrici, and T. Liskiewicz. "Prediction of the Coating Durability Under Oscillating Sliding Contact: Introduction of a Local Energy Density Parameter." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64044.
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The knowledge of wear kinetics of thin soft lubricant or hard coatings under alternated sliding contact is of great interest for many industrial applications. Because the coating endurance is related to the substrate reaching condition, it has been shown that classical wear volume descriptions are not appropriated. A local damage description, based on a local friction dissipated energy density variable is then introduced. It consists to compare the coating endurance (i.e. number of sliding cycles) versus the maximum local energy density dissipated through the interface per sliding cycle. A “life time vs maximum dissipated energy density master curve” is obtained and rationalized through a parabolic evolution. The coating endurance is modelized through a simple ratio between an energy capacity variable, representative of the durability of the studied coating. Applied to hard coatings (TiN) the stability of this approach has been confirmed for solid lubricant coatings.
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Gould, P. L., A. L. Migdall, H. J. Metcalf, and W. D. Phillips. "Dipole laser trap for neutral atoms." In International Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.wf3.
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We describe a relatively large volume dipole laser trap for the confinement of sodium atoms. Two counterpropagating beams, tuned below resonance, with foci separated by approximately one con focal parameter, provide radial confinement via the dipole force and axial confinement by balancing the radiation pressures of the two beams.1 Identical circular polarization for both beams prevents optical pumping and serves to maintain a two-state system. Alternation of the two beams2 is necessary to avoid the effects of standing-wave heating. Additionally, the trapping cycle is alternated with a Doppler cooling cycle2 to achieve low temperatures and long confinement times. Trapping beams of 100 mW focused to 50-μm spot radii and detuned ~2 GHz below the F = 2 to F′= 3 transition of the D2 line provide a well depth of 50 mK and a confinement volume of 10-4 cm3. Analysis of atomic motion and escape mechanisms as well as progress toward the experimental realization of this trap is presented.
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Flanagan, Patrick, Patrick Cavanagh, and Olga Eizner Favreau. "Orientation is processed in chromatic channels." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.thpo47.
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Observers adapted to 1-cycle/deg sinusoidal luminance defined (yellow/black) gratings tilted 15°CW from the vertical that alternated with 1-cycle/deg color-defined (red/green) gratings tilted 15°CCW from vertical. Subsequently viewed vertical luminance test gratings appeared tilted up to 3°CCW, while chromatic test gratings appeared tilted up to 3° in the opposite direction, demonstrating independent tilt aftereffects for color and luminance. A tilt aftereffect induced by a chromatic stimulus1 may be mediated by luminance artifacts. However, in our opposing aftereffects procedure,2 any aftereffect resulting from residual luminance differences in the chromatic stimuli will be overwhelmed by the adaptation in the opposite direction produced by the luminance stimulus itself—ensuring that the aftereffect seen on the color test is truly mediated by chromatic mechanisms. The induction of simple aftereffects (with luminance gratings or color gratings) transfers to color and luminance tests showing, as well, some overlap in luminance and color processing of orientation. These data, therefore, demonstrate that at least some color selective units in the cortex must also be selective for orientation.
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Puzakov, Andrey. "Development of Load Cycle of Automotive Alternator." In 2020 7th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeae49144.2020.9279047.
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Joseph, Jofred, Satish Kumar, Tanmay Vasal, and N. Theivarajan. "Brayton Cycle As an Alternate Power Conversion Option for Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor." In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2455.
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Abstract Enhancing the safety and economic competitiveness are major objectives in the development of advanced reactor designs with emphasis on the design of systems or components of the nuclear systems. Innovative power cycle development is another potential option to achieve these objectives. Sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) is one among the six reactor design concepts identified by the Gen IV International Forum for development to meet the technology goals for new nuclear energy system. Similar to the power cycle used in conventional fossil fuel based thermal power plants, sodium-cooled fast reactors have adopted the Rankine cycle based power conversion system. However, the possibility of sodium water reaction is a major concern and it becomes necessary to adopt means of early detection of leaks and isolation of the affected SG module for mitigating any adverse impact of sodium water reaction. The high exothermic nature of the reaction calls for introducing an intermediate sodium heat transport loop, leading to high overall plant cost hindering commercialization of sodium fast reactors. The Indian Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) also uses Rankine cycle in the power generation system. The superheated steam temperature has been set at 490 degree Celsius based on optimisation studies and material limitations. Additional Fast Breeder reactors are planned in near future and further work is being done to develop more advanced sodium cooled fast reactors. The closed Brayton cycle is a promising alternative to conventional Rankine cycle. By selecting an inert gas or a gas with milder reaction with sodium, the vigorous sodium water reaction can be avoided and significant cost savings in the turbine island can be achieved as gas turbine power conversion systems are of much smaller size than comparable steam turbine systems due to their higher power density. In the study, various Brayton cycle designs on different working gases have been explored. Supercritical-CO2 (s-CO2), helium and nitrogen cycle designs are analyzed and compared in terms of cycle efficiency, component performance and physical size. The thermal efficiencies at the turbine inlet temperature of Indian PFBR have been compared for Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle based on different working fluids. Also binary mixtures of different gases are investigated to develop a more safe and efficient power generation system. Helium does not interact with sodium and other structural materials even at very high temperatures but its thermal performance is low when compared to other fluids. Nitrogen being an inert gas does not react with sodium and can serve to utilise existing turbomachinery because of the similarity with atmospheric air. The supercritical CO2 based cycle has shown best thermodynamic performance and efficiency when compared to other Brayton cycles for the turbine inlet temperature of Indian PFBR. CO2 also reacts with sodium but the reaction is mild compared to sodium water reaction. The cycle efficiency of the s-CO2 cycle can be further improved by adopting multiple reheating, inter cooling and recuperation.
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Mukherjee, Dev, Chadi Assi, and Anjali Agarwal. "Alternate Strategies for Dual Failure Restoration Using p-Cycles." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2006.255151.
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Quiñones, Martín, Richard Leung, and Sherry Williams. "Algae Based Hydroprocessed Fuel Use on a Marine Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69869.
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The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Philadelphia conducted a full scale gas turbine engine test using Rolls Royce engine models 501-K34 and 250-KS4 to assess engine performance and fuel combustion characteristics of an algae based hydroprocessed fuel. The fuel, hereafter described as alternate fuel, consisted of a 50/50 blend of NATO F-76 fuel and the algae based formulation. It is the first time that the U.S. Navy uses a non-petroleum based fuel on a marine gas turbine. The test was conducted at the DDG 51 Land Based Engineering Site (LBES) of NSWCCD during 16–21 January 2011. The alternate fuel test conducted on the 501-K34 engine consisted of 7 cycles of engine operation, one using NATO F-76 fuel to develop a baseline run and six cycles using alternate fuel. Each cycle was 7 hours, twenty minutes in duration and was composed of 27 distinct load scenarios. The total duration of the test was forty four hours. The 250-KS4 engine was used as the starter mechanism for the 501-K34 engine. During the test, parameters for combustion temperature, fuel demand, fuel manifold pressure, engine start time, and operation under various load conditions were recorded. This paper discusses the results of the above test by comparing engine operation using alternate fuel to engine performance using NATO F-76 fuel.
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Fielder, James. "The Advanced Cycle Low-Power (ACL) Gas Turbine Alternator Project." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0589.
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The latest gas turbine development being undertaken by the Royal Navy is the ACL technology demonstrator programme. The aim of the project is to design and demonstrate a GTA of around 2MW that will have reduced whole life costs when compared to a conventional diesel generator. The project is being managed for the MoD by the Marine Propulsion Systems IPT and being procured through the prime contractor - Turbomeca. The prime contract was awarded in December 2000 and is scheduled to run for five years. This paper describes the main aims and objectives of the project. The paper also gives a detailed overview of the GTA system, describes the key technologies and discusses the outline development programme.
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Wang, Hongjie, Wenyi Dong, Yue Yang, Guanghua Gan, Weiguang Li, Fangming Jin, Qi Zhou, and Bing Wu. "Optimization Of The Alternate Cycle In A Membrane Aeration∕Filtration Combined Bioreactor." In 2nd International Symposium on Aqua Science, Water Resource and Low Carbon Energy. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3529254.
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Zarea, Mures, Stephane Hertz-Clemens, Remi Batisse, and Philippe Cardin. "Experimental Investigation on Combined “Dent and Gouge” Defects on Vintage Steel Transmission Pipelines." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33538.
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Mechanical Damage on pipelines is the most frequent in service failure cause, at least in Europe. The category of Mechanical Damage actually covers on one hand rock dents, on the other hand, combined “Dent and Gouge” defects resulting from an impact by a ground moving machinery. The latter are complex defects in terms of geometry and mechanical behavior. Improved understanding of toughness reduction in these defects and their vicinity, especially in the case of vintage pipelines, and its impact on burst pressure and remaining fatigue lifetime is crucial in order to ensure a high safety level at the best economic conditions for transmission pipelines. PRCI and DOT/PHMSA supported a large experimental program to investigate the burst and fatigue strength of such defects in modern pipes as well as in vintage pipes by producing very detailed reference experimental data in order to support improvement of current burst and fatigue strength models for these defects. This paper focuses on experimental results data for two vintage pipes removed from service, one 26″ in diameter, X52 grade (from US) with high carbon content and sulfur content involving very low toughness and another 24″ in diameter, X63 grade (from Europe) characterized by alternated pearlite and ferrite bands. In each pipe, two different types of combined “Dent and Gouge” defects were created, “shallow dent with shallow gouge” and “severe dent with moderate gouge”. Each defect was reproduced three times: • One for destructive metallurgical investigation; • A second one for highly instrumented burst test; • A third one for highly instrumented fatigue test. The defect profile was monitored during pressure increase until burst, and a camera recorded pictures at each fatigue cycle to detect crack initiation at the gouge bottom and its further propagation. The different features of the experimental work and results described in this paper are: • Material characterization; • Metallurgical and residual stress investigation on combined dent and gouge defects; • Burst tests conditions and results; • Fatigue tests conditions and results. • Comparison with results from modern pipes containing the same types of defects. All this experimental data is made available for an in-depth understanding of the “Dent and Gouge” type defects leading to improved models, as well as reference data for validating these improved models for burst and fatigue strength of these defects.
Reports on the topic "Alternated Cycle"
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Frederick F. Stewart. Separations Needs for the Alternate Chemical Cycles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924497.
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Crowder, M. L. Studies with Ferrous Sulfamate and Alternate Reductants for 2nd Uranium Cycle. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807667.
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Ullman, Diane E., Benjamin Raccah, John Sherwood, Meir Klein, Yehezkiel Antignus, and Abed Gera. Tomato Spotted Wilt Tosporvirus and its Thrips Vectors: Epidemiology, Insect/Virus Interactions and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573062.bard.
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Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to study thrips-TSWV relationships and their role in the epidemiology of the virus with the aim of using this knowledge to reduce crop losses occurring due to epidemics. Our specific objectives were: To determine the major factors involved in virus outbreaks, including: a) identifying the thrips species involved in virus dissemination and their relative role in virus spread; b) determining the virus sources among wild and cultivated plants throughout the season and their role in virus spread, and, c) determining how temperature and molecular variations in isolates impact virus replication in plants and insects and impact the transmission cycle. Background to the topic. Tospoviruses are among the most important emerging plant viruses that impact production of agricultural and ornamental crops. Evolution of tospoviruses and their relationships with thrips vector species have been of great interest because of crop damage caused world wide and the complete absence of suitable methods of control. Tospoviruses threaten crops in Israel and the United States. By understanding the factors contributing to epidemics and the specific relationships between thrips species and particular tospoviruses we hope that new strategies for control can be developed that will benefit agriculture in both Israel and the United States. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We determined that at least three tospoviruses were involved in epidemics in Israel and the United States, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). We detected and characterized INSV for the first time in Israel and, through our efforts, IYSV was detected and characterized for the first time in both countries. We demonstrated that many thrips species were present in commercial production areas and trap color influenced thrips catch. Frankliniella occidentalis was the major vector species of INSV and TSWV and populations varied in transmission efficiency. Thrips tabaci is the sole known vector of IYSV and experiments in both countries indicated that F. occidentalis is not a vector of this new tospovirus. Alternate plant hosts were identified for each virus. A new monitoring system combining sticky cards and petunia indicator plants was developed to identify sources of infective thrips. This system has been highly successful in the U.S. and was used to demonstrate to growers that removal of plant sources of infective thrips has a dramatic impact on virus incidence. Finally, a putative thrips receptor mediating acquisition of TSWV was discovered. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Our findings have contributed to new control measures that will benefit agriculture. Identification of a putative thrips receptor for TSWV and our findings relative to thrips/tospovirus specificity have implications for development of innovative new control strategies.