Academic literature on the topic 'Alternate fuels'

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Journal articles on the topic "Alternate fuels"

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Glancy, John. "Prospects for alternate fusion fuels." Journal of Fusion Energy 5, no. 2 (June 1986): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01056063.

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Tamilselvan, P., K. Vignesh, and N. Nallusamy. "Performance and Emission Studies of Biodiesel Fuelled Diesel Engines: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.797.

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As the decreasing availability of the fossil fuel is rising day by day, the search of alternate fuel that can be used as a substitute to the conventional fuels is rising rapidly. Especially, the exhaust gas emission by using fossil fuel insists on exploring the available sources of biofuel to provide an eco-friendly environment compared to that of fossil fuels. India depends mainly on imported fuels due to lack of fossil fuel reserves and it has a great impact on the economy. Biodiesel is one of the best available resources that has come to the forefront recently. Recent studies and research have made it possible to extract biodiesel at economical costs and quantities. The blend of biodiesel with fossil diesel has many benefits like reduction in emissions, lower engine wear, reduction in engine oil consumption and comparable thermal efficiency with diesel. It is also found that low fuel consumption and increase in thermal efficiency of engines for biodiesel fuels having higher calorific values than diesel. This paper reviews the performance and emission characteristics of various biodiesel fuels used in CI engine as alternate fuel. This study is based on the reports of biodiesel fuel published by different researchers.
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Shouse, D. T., C. Neuroth, R. C. Hendricks, A. Lynch, C. W. Frayne, J. S. Stutrud, E. Corporan, and Capt T. Hankins. "Alternate-Fueled Combustor-Sector Performance—Part A: Combustor Performance and Part B: Combustor Emissions." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2012 (January 18, 2012): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/684981.

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Alternate aviation fuels for military or commercial use are required to satisfy MIL-DTL-83133F or ASTM D 7566 standards, respectively, and are classified as “drop-in’’ fuel replacements. To satisfy legacy issues, blends to 50% alternate fuel with petroleum fuels are acceptable. Adherence to alternate fuels and fuel blends requires “smart fueling systems’’ or advanced fuel-flexible systems, including combustors and engines, without significant sacrifice in performance or emissions requirements. This paper provides preliminary performance and emissions and particulates combustor sector data. The data are for nominal inlet conditions at 225 psia and 800°F (1.551 MPa and 700 K), for synthetic-paraffinic-kerosene- (SPK-) type (Fisher-Tropsch (FT)) fuel and blends with JP-8+100 relative to JP-8+100 as baseline fueling. Assessments are made of the change in combustor efficiency, wall temperatures, emissions, and luminosity with SPK of 0%, 50%, and 100% fueling composition at 3% combustor pressure drop. The performance results (Part A) indicate no quantifiable differences in combustor efficiency, a general trend to lower liner and higher core flow temperatures with increased FT fuel blends. In general, emissions data (Part B) show little differences, but, with percent increase in FT-SPK-type fueling, particulate emissions and wall temperatures are less than with baseline JP-8. High-speed photography.
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Ameta, Rakshit, Shikha Panchal, Noopur Ameta, and Suresh C. Ameta. "Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide." Materials Science Forum 764 (July 2013): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.764.83.

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World is facing problems of global warming as well as energy crisis. Both these problems can be solved to a reasonable extent by photoreduction of carbon dioxide. Here, photocatalysis enters the scene. Photocatalytic reduction to synthetic organic fuels like formaldehyde, methanol, formic acid, acetic acid, methane, etc. will provide a solution to the problem of energy crisis as it will give us alternate fuels, which can be burnt into fuel cells to generate electricity. Once we get electricity at the cost of carbon dioxide, one can convert this form of energy to any other form of energy. Secondly, it will give a solution to put a check on the increasing amount of carbon dioxide, which is the main culprit of global warming. Any conventional fuel on burring will add some molecules of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but synthetic fuels derived by photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide will not add even a single molecule of carbon dioxide in the environment. It can be considered as a short term loan of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as the carbon dioxide molecules utilized in the synthesis of alternate fuels are generated back on burning it in fuel cell.
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Hendricks, Robert C., Dennis M. Bushnell, and Dale T. Shouse. "Aviation Fueling: A Cleaner, Greener Approach." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/782969.

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Projected growth of aviation depends on fueling where specific needs must be met. Safety is paramount, and along with political, social, environmental, and legacy transport systems requirements, alternate aviation fueling becomes an opportunity of enormous proportions. Biofuels—sourced from halophytes, algae, cyanobacteria, and “weeds” using wastelands, waste water, and seawater—have the capacity to be drop-in fuel replacements for petroleum fuels. Biojet fuels from such sources solve the aviation CO2emissions issue and do not compete with food or freshwater needs. They are not detrimental to the social or environmental fabric and use the existing fuels infrastructure. Cost and sustainable supply remain the major impediments to alternate fuels. Halophytes are the near-term solution to biomass/biofuels capacity at reasonable costs; they simply involve more farming, at usual farming costs. Biofuels represent a win-win approach, proffering as they do—at least the ones we are studying—massive capacity, climate neutral-to-some sequestration, and ultimately, reasonable costs.
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Meier, J. G., W. S. Y. Hung, and V. M. Sood. "Development and Application of Industrial Gas Turbines for Medium-Btu Gaseous Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239869.

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This paper describes the successful development and application of industrial gas turbines using medium-Btu gaseous fuels, including those derived from biodegradation of organic matters found in sanitary landfills and liquid sewage. The effects on the gas turbine and its combustion system of burning these alternate fuels compared to burning high-Btu fuels, along with the gas turbine development required to use alternate fuels from the point of view of combustion process, control system, gas turbine durability, maintainability and safety, are discussed.
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Um Min Allah, Fazal. "Opportunities, Challenges and Future Prospects of Production and Usage of Jatropha Biodiesel as Road Transport Fuel in Romania." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.230.

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Primarily, Romania relies on fossil fuels for its energy needs in transport sector. Increase in prices of conventional fuels, climate change and energy security are the reasons to find alternate solutions. China, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, Tanzania, Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines and South Africa are already using jatropha biodiesel blends with fossil fuels. Keeping in view food security, Romania has sufficient land to cultivate jatropha. In this paper we tried to find out opportunities to cultivate jatropha in Romania and its economic comparison with fossil fuel usage. On the basis of this study, recommendations will be made for the usage of jatropha biodiesel as future road transport fuel in Romania.
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Singh, Chandanpreet, Sandeep Singh, and A. K. Sarma. "Comparative Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engine using Biodiesel and Microemulsion Based Bio Fuel Derived from Grape-seeds." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 7, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.2.947.

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Rapid declining of fossil fuel resources has generated awareness towards the development of various alternates to the conventional fuel resources. Grapes being grown worldwide, with India have the potential of making up a good feedstock. Grape-seed oil from grape-seeds was extracted with the aid of Soxhlet apparatus with a maximum yield of 18%. In Biodiesel making, the viscosity of feedstock oil was reduced in a single step transesterification process. Bio Fuel prepared by microemulsification process named as Microemulsion Based Bio Fuel (MBBF). An addition of 1% 2- Ethylhexyl nitrate was done in MBBF to study its effect in comparison to MBBF itself. In this present work, the Performance and Emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with 4 fuels (B20, B100, MBBF and MBBF1%) were evaluated. The performance parameters studied include Brake Thermal Efficiency, Brake Power and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption, whereas Emissions parameters include Oxides of Nitrogen, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide and Carbon dioxide. The results obtained in the experiment were compared with values of Petrodiesel. Major improvements had been observed in the performance parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. It was concluded that B20 fuel amongst all the Bio Fuels acted as the best alternate fuel.
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SINGH, Prabhat, Dharmahinder Singh CHAND, Sourav PAL, and Aadya MISHRA. "Influence of Alternative Fuel Ratio on Turbocharger Combustor." INCAS BULLETIN 11, no. 4 (December 8, 2019): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2019.11.4.16.

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The present study investigates the effects of alternative fuel properties on combustion performance, in order to ensure reliable combustion performance using various fuel blends for powering an engine. The increasing rate of fuel cost and depletion of fossil fuels has led to the search for alternate fuels. Palm biodiesel derived from palm fatty acids meets the fuel requirements of an aircraft and is compatible with any engine without modifications. Viability of using a blend of present fossil fuels with biodiesel is studied. The engine was operated with petrol, diesel, palm biodiesel and a blend of these three fuels as a pair, with various ratios. The fuel was injected into the combustion chamber at an angle of 45o to the airflow and ignited using a spark plug. The blended fuel is found to have better efficiency than petrol or diesel. Furthermore, the low cost and abundant availability of the biofuel make it a viable alternative to the petroleum-based fuels currently in use. The combustion time and ignition delay are decreased with efficient biofuel due to high oxygen content and high octane number of the biofuel.
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Rajasekhar, D., and N. Manoharan. "Alternate Fuels For Emission Reduction: Internal Combustion Engines." Medico-Legal Update 18, no. 1 (2018): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-1283.2018.00102.0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternate fuels"

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Daggett, D. "Enabling alternate fuels for commercial aircraft." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11791.

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The following reports on the past four years of work to examine the feasibility, sustainability and economic viability of developing a renewable, greenhouse-gas-neutral, liquid biofuel for commercial aircraft. The sharp increase in environmental concerns, such as global warming, as well as the volatile price fluctuations of fossil fuels, has ignited a search for alternative transportation fuels. However, commercial aircraft can not use present alternative fuels that are designed for ground transportation. Aircraft also have much longer service lives, are capital intensive to purchase, require a complex refueling infrastructure, and are specifically designed to use petroleum-type liquid jet fuels. Synthetic jet fuel, manufactured using a Fischer-Tropsch process from coal, is currently the only alternative jet fuel commercially available to aviation, but it presently experiences environmental challenges. Biojet fuels are currently not commercially available for aviation, but have the potential to become quite acceptable If passenger growth increases at 5%/year, it appears the only way that the aviation industry can meets its environmental goals of reducing CO2 emissions would be through commercialization of carbon-neutral fuels. This research shows that biojet fuels can be developed that do not compete with food or fresh water resources, will not lead to deforestation and will not cause other adverse environmental or social impacts. The approach of using a “drop in” jet fuel replacement, which would consist of a blend of kerosene and up to 50% biofuel will be possible for use in existing and future aircraft. A 60-80% lifecycle CO2 emission reduction is calculated for the biofuel portion with no performance degradation. New biofuel processing techniques (i.e. hydroprocessing, isomerization & distillation) and next generation feedstock sources (e.g. halophyte and algal biomass) appear to be the best pathways to enable the large scale deployment of sustainable and economically competitive biojet fuels in the near future.
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Hui, Lai-yee, and 許麗儀. "Alternative fuels and reduction of air pollution in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254883.

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White, Timothy Ross Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Simultaneous diesel and natural gas injection for dual-fuelling compression-ignition engines." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25233.

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The introduction of alternative fuels such as natural gas is likely to occur at an increasing rate. The dual-fuel concept allows these low cetane number fuels to be used in compression-ignition (CI, diesel) type engines. Most CI engine conversions have pre-mixed the alternative fuel with air in the intake manifold while retaining diesel injection into the cylinder for ignition. The advantage is that it is simple for practical adaptation; the disadvantage is that good substitution levels are only obtained at midload. A better solution is to inject both the alternative and diesel fuels directly into the cylinder. Here, the fuel in the end-zone is limited and the diesel, injected before the alternative, has only a conventional ignition delay. This improves the high-end performance. Modern, very high pressure diesel injectors have good turndown characteristics as well as better controllability. This improves low-end performance and hence offers an ideal platform for a dual-fuel system. Several systems already exist, mainly for large marine engines but also a few for smaller, truck-sized engines. For the latter, the key is to produce a combined injector to handle both fuels which has the smallest diameter possible so that installation is readily achieved. There exists the potential for much improvement. A combined gas/diesel injection system based on small, high pressure common-rail injectors has been tested for fluid characteristics. Spray properties have been examined experimentally in a test rig and modelled using CFD. The CFD package Fluent was used to model the direct-injection of natural gas and diesel oil simultaneously into an engine. These models were initially calibrated using high-speed photographic visualisation of the jets. Both shadowgraph and schlieren techniques were employed to identify the gas jet itself as well as mixing regions within the flow. Different orientations and staging of the jets with respect to each other were simulated. Salient features of the two fuel jets were studied to optimise the design of a dual-fuel injector for CI engines. Analysis of the fuel-air mixture strength during the injection allowed the ignition delay to be estimated and thus the best staging of the jets to be determined.
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Ng, Bing Benson, and 吳賓. "Cleaner alternative fuels for vehicles: a cleaner future for Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255036.

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溫雅惠 and Ah-wai Angie Wan. "A policy analysis of the liquefied petroleum gas vehicles scheme in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967048.

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Udell, Thomas Gregory. "Reducing emissions of older vehicles through fuel system conversion to natural gas." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19896.

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Tsui, Bing-cheung, and 徐秉璋. "LPG vehicles: will they replace small diesel vehicles in Hong Kong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254123.

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Somuri, Dinesh Chandra. "Study of Particulate Number Concentrations in Buses running with Bio diesel and Ultra Low Sulfur diesel." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1302290189.

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Balagurunathan, Jayakishan. "Investigation of Ignition Delay Times of Conventional (JP-8) and Synthetic (S-8) Jet Fuels: A Shock Tube Study." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1330351552.

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Ngan, Shing-kwong, and 顔成廣. "Comparison of electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles & LPG vehicles." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254354.

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Books on the topic "Alternate fuels"

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Agency, Illinois Environmental Protection. Illinois Alternate Fuels Rebate Program. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Bureau of Air, 1999.

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Energy, Ontario Ministry of. Moving Way Ahead: Tomorrow's Fuels Today. Alternate Fuel Technology. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Energy, Ontario Ministry of Environment and. Alternative transportation fuels in Ontario. Toronto: Ministry of the Environment for Ontario, 1994.

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Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition (14th 1991 Houston, Tex.). Coal-fueled diesel engines, 1991: Presented at the Fourteenth Annual Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas January 20-23, 1991. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991.

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White, R. A., and L. D. Savage. A Practical system for the use of alcohol in diesel engines: Final report. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Office of Solid Waste and Renewable Resources, 1987.

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Workshop on Reformulated Fuels (1994 Vancouver, B.C.). Workshop on Reformulated Fuels: Summary of proceedings, April 18-19, 1994, Vancouver, British Columbia. Victoria, B.C: Environmental Policy Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks, 1994.

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Flechtner, Maura K. Biodiesel fuel: What is it? Can it compete? [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1993.

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Maine. Dept. of Environmental Protection. Alternative fuels report. [Augusta, Me.]: Maine Dept. of Environmental Protection, 1998.

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C, Sparrow Jack, ed. Alternative transportation fuels: Issues and developments. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2003.

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The Energy Policy Act Amendments of 1997: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, on H.R. 2568, July 21, 1998. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alternate fuels"

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Gesser, H. D. "Alternate Fuels." In Applied Chemistry: A Textbook for Engineers and Technologists, 79–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0531-0_5.

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Roussak, O. V., and H. D. Gesser. "Alternate Fuels." In Applied Chemistry, 71–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4262-2_5.

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Shukla, Shailendra Kumar. "Alternate Fuels for IC Engine." In Introduction to Mechanical Engineering, 179–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78488-5_6.

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Das, Piyali, and Anubhuti Bhatnagar. "Different Feedstocks and Processes for Production of Methanol and DME as Alternate Transport Fuels." In Prospects of Alternative Transportation Fuels, 131–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7518-6_8.

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Thompson, David N., and Melinda A. Hamilton. "Production of Bacterial Cellulose from Alternate Feedstocks." In Twenty-Second Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 503–13. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0217-2_43.

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Kliegman, Robert M., Susan Aucott, and Marianne Kosek. "Nutritional Support of the Neonate: Alternate Fuels and Routes of Administration." In Principles of Perinatal-Neonatal Metabolism, 719–42. New York, NY: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0400-5_37.

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Zub, Igor, Victor Shchemelev, and Yuri Ezhov. "Model of Application of Alternate Energy Sources When Reloading Fossil Fuels." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 267–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19756-8_24.

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Balint, Jane P., and Robert M. Kliegman. "Nutritional Support of the Neonate I: Alternate Fuels and Routes of Administration." In Principles of Perinatal—Neonatal Metabolism, 1153–79. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1642-1_51.

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Etikyala, Sreelekha, and Vamshi Krishna Gunda. "Study on Alternate Fuels and Their Effect on Particulate Emissions from GDI Engines." In Advanced Combustion Techniques and Engine Technologies for the Automotive Sector, 149–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0368-9_7.

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Lee, Sunggyu, and Robert Iredell. "Global Energy Overview." In Alternative Fuels, 1–27. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315137179-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alternate fuels"

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Yamanashi, Hiroshi, Yukio Watanabe, and Seiya Takahata. "Fuel Tube for Alternate Fuels." In SAE Automotive Corrosion and Prevention Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/932343.

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Kushner, Kurt S. "Alternate Materials for Alternate Fuels." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/920165.

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Mastromatteo, Richard. "Performance of Fuel-Resistant Elastomers in Alternate Fuels." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/900195.

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Garnier, O. F., and F. Cupcic. "Alternate Fuels for Thermal Projects." In SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium and International Horizontal Well Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/78958-ms.

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Wenglarz, Richard A., Nirm V. Nirmalan, and Thomas G. Daehler. "Rugged ATS Turbines for Alternate Fuels." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-073.

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A major national effort is directed to developing advanced turbine systems designed for major improvements in efficiency and emissions performance using natural gas fuels. These turbine designs are also to be adaptable for future operation with alternate coal and biomass derived fuels. For several potential alternate fuel applications, available hot gas cleanup technologies will not likely be adequate to protect the turbine flowpath from deposition and corrosion. Consequently, ruggedized versions of ATS turbines will probably be needed. This paper describes ruggedization approaches, particularly to counter the extreme deposition and corrosion effects of the high inlet temperatures of ATS turbines using alternate fuels.
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Ziejewski, Mariusz, Doris Hertsgaard, and Kenton R. Kaufman. "Statistical Aspects of Testing Alternate Fuels." In 1985 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/852088.

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Kannaiyan, Kumaran, and Reza Sadr. "Spray Characteristics of Fischer-Tropsch Alternate Jet Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95761.

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Increase in energy demand and stringent emission norms drive the need for clean, alternative energy source. Recently, gas-to-liquid (GTL), a synthetic jet fuel produced from natural gas using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis has grabbed global attention due to its cleaner combustion aspects when compared to the conventional jet fuel. The chemical and physical properties of GTL fuels are different from the conventional fuels which could potentially affect the atomization and in turn the combustion characteristics and pollutant formation. In this work the spray characteristics of two GTL blends and conventional Jet A-1 fuels are investigated downstream of a pressure swirl nozzle exit at two injection pressures and the results are then compared. Microscopic spray characteristics, droplet size and velocity distributions are obtained at global as well as local levels of the spray using global sizing velocimetry and phase Doppler anemometry measurement techniques, respectively. Results clearly show that although the GTL fuels have different physical properties, such as viscosity, density, and surface tension the spray characteristics of the GTL fuels are found to be similar to those of Jet A-1 fuel.
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Johnson, Gary W. "Use of Alternate Fuels in Light Aircraft." In General Aviation Technology Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1539.

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Davison, Craig R., and Wajid A. Chishty. "Altitude Performance of a Turbojet With Alternate Fuels." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45132.

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To enhance energy security and reduce the environmental impact of aviation, alternate fuels derived from various non-petroleum based sources are being developed. Currently alternate fuels are produced to match the properties of existing jet fuels allowing the new fuels to be used in current fleets concurrently with traditional jet fuel. The alternate fuels must, therefore, perform as well as the traditional fuels through the entire operating envelope. This paper provides the results of performance testing in an altitude chamber up to 11,300 m (35,000 feet) with a simulated forward speed up to Mach 0.75. The test engine was an instrumented 1.15 kN thrust turbojet burning conventional Jet A-1 as a baseline; a semi-synthetic blend of camelina based hydro processed renewable jet and JP8; a blend of 50% Fischer-Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene and 50% JP8; and a 100% Fischer-Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene. Both steady state and transient performance are presented. The theoretical effect of the alternate fuels for a simple idealized Brayton cycle is also presented. The work was conducted as part of on-going efforts by departments within the Government of Canada to systematically assess alternative aviation fuels.
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Ziejewski, Mariusz, and Hans J. Goettler. "Discharge Coefficients for Multi-Hole Fuel Injection Nozzle for Alternate Fuels." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890448.

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Reports on the topic "Alternate fuels"

1

Thomson, Jeffery K., Steven J. Pawel, and Dane F. Wilson. Engine Materials Compatibility with Alternate Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1090493.

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2

Haehnel, Robert, Terry Melendy, and George Blaisdell. Feasibility of using alternate fuels in the U.S. Antarctic Program : initial assessment. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/24335.

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3

Richard D. Colberg, Nick A. Collins, Edwin F. Holcombe, Gerald C. Tustin, and Joseph R. Zoeller. Alternate fuels and chemicals from synthesis gas: Vinyl acetate monomer. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750388.

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4

Demkowicz, Paul A., Karen Wright, Jian Gan, David Petti, Todd Allen, and Jake Blanchard. Evaluation of Alternate Materials for Coated Particle Fuels for the Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor. Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY 2006 Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/911682.

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5

Kolodziejczyk, Bart. Unsettled Economic, Environmental, and Health Issues of Ammonia for Automotive Applications. SAE International, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021022.

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Abstract:
Ammonia has been previously trialed as an automotive fuel; however, it was hardly competitive with fossil fuels in terms of cost, energy density, and practicality. However, due to climate change, those practical and cost-related parameters have finally become secondary deciding factors in fuel selection. Ammonia is safer than most fuels and it offers superior energy densities compared to compressed or liquefied hydrogen. It is believed that ammonia might be an ultimate clean fuel choice and an extension to the emerging hydrogen economy. Unsettled Economic, Environmental, and Health Issues of Ammonia for Automotive Applications examines the major unsettled issues of using ammonia as a clean automotive fuel alternative, including the lack of regulations and standards for automotive applications, technology readiness, safety perception, and presently limited supply. While ammonia as a fuel is still in its infancy, identifying and addressing these challenges early could enable a safe and smooth transition.
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6

Wang, Xiaoxing, Wenying Quan, Jing Xiao, Emanuela Peduzzi, Mamoru Fujii, Funxia Sun, Cigdem Shalaby, et al. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating on Alternative and Renewable Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177778.

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7

Jeyashekar, Nigil, Patsy Muzzell, Eric Sattler, and Nichole Hubble. Lubricity and Derived Cetane Number Measurements of Jet Fuels, Alternative Fuels and Fuel Blends. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada529442.

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8

LaFleur, Chris, Austin Glover, Austin Baird, and Cyrus Jordan. Alternate Fuel Vehicles in Tunnels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1734627.

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9

Schivley, Greg, Joe Marriott, Matt Jamieson, Timothy J. Skone, and Paulina Jaramillo. Evaluating GHGs from Transportation: Alternative Fuels and Alternative Metrics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1515260.

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10

Pawel, Steve, and D. Moore. Engine Materials Compatability with Alternative Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1077199.

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