Journal articles on the topic 'Alternate day fasting and aerobic exercise'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Alternate day fasting and aerobic exercise.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Alternate day fasting and aerobic exercise.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Dănciulescu Miulescu, Rucsandra, Denisa Margină, Roxana Corina Sfetea, Diana Păun, and Cătălina Poiană. "Effect of Aging and Exercise Training on Plasma Insulin Concentration." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2013-0033.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background and Aims. Previous studies have shown that aging is an important risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The beneficial effects of exercise on glucose metabolism are well known. Our goal was to examine whether physical activity improves insulin levels in older individuals. Material and Methods. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured in fasting state and 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in young lean, sedentary, non-diabetic subjects (n=34, age 25±2 years, body mass index- BMI 24.4±0.7 kg/m2) and older, lean, sedentary, non-diabetic subjects (n=36, age 75±3 years, BMI 24.8±0.4 kg/m2), before and after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. Training consisted of exercise (such as cycling or fast walking) 5 days/week for approximately 30 min/day. Results. Fasting plasma insulin and 2-h serum insulin levels at baseline were significantly higher in older than young subjects (11.6 μU/ml vs 10.0 μU/ml, p=0.0001, 46.3 μU/ml vs 34.0 μU/ml, p=0.0001). Fasting and 2h plasma insulin levels were reduced after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in older subjects, with no change in body weight. Conclusion. In our study the hyperinsulinemia associated with aging can be blunted significantly by aerobic exercise in older individuals independent of any changes in body composition
2
Kullman, Emily L., Karen R. Kelly, Jacob M. Haus, Ciaran E. Fealy, Amanda R. Scelsi, Mangesh R. Pagadala, Chris A. Flask, Arthur J. McCullough, and John P. Kirwan. "Short-term aerobic exercise training improves gut peptide regulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease." Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 10 (May 15, 2016): 1159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00693.2015.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common chronic liver disease. Exercise and diet are uniformly prescribed treatments for NAFLD; however, there are limited empirical data on the effects of exercise training on metabolic function in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fasting and glucose-stimulated adaptation of gut peptides to short-term aerobic exercise training in patients with NAFLD. Twenty-two obese subjects, 16 with NAFLD [body mass index (BMI), 33.2 ± 1.1 (SE) kg/m2] and 6 obese controls (BMI, 31.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2), were enrolled in a supervised aerobic exercise program (60 min/day, 85% of their heart rate maximum, for 7 days). Fasting and glucose-stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-17-36) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYYTotal) concentrations in plasma were assessed before and after the exercise program. Initially, the NAFLD group had higher fasting PYY (NAFLD = 117 ± 18.6, control = 47.2 ± 6.4 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and GLP-1 (NAFLD = 12.4 ± 2.2, control = 6.2 ± 0.2 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and did not significantly increase GLP-1 or PYY in response to glucose ingestion. After the exercise program, fasting GLP-1 was reduced in the NAFLD group (10.7 ± 2.0 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Furthermore, exercise training led to significant increase in the acute (0–30 min) PYY and GLP-1 responses to glucose in the NAFLD group, while the total area under the glucose-stimulated GLP-1 response curve was reduced in both NAFLD and controls ( P < 0.05). In summary, 7 days of vigorous aerobic exercise normalized the dynamic PYY and GLP-1 responses to nutrient stimulation and reduced the GLP-1 response in NAFLD, suggesting that exercise positively modulates gut hormone regulation in obese adults with NAFLD.
3
Bhutani, Surabhi, Monica C. Klempel, Cynthia M. Kroeger, J. F. Trepanowski, Shane A. Phillips, Edita Norkeviciute, and Krista A. Varady. "Alternate day fasting with or without exercise: Effects on endothelial function and adipokines in obese humans." e-SPEN Journal 8, no. 5 (October 2013): e205-e209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnme.2013.07.005.
Full text
4
DeVan, Allison E., Iratxe Eskurza, Gary L. Pierce, Ashley E. Walker, Kristen L. Jablonski, Rachelle E. Kaplon, and Douglas R. Seals. "Regular aerobic exercise protects against impaired fasting plasma glucose-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging." Clinical Science 124, no. 5 (November 12, 2012): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20120291.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction is exacerbated by IFG (impaired fasting plasma glucose) and that regular aerobic exercise prevents this effect. Data were analysed from a cohort of 131 non-smoking men and women without overt clinical disease. Compared with young adult controls (age=24±1 years, n=29; values are means±S.E.M.), brachial artery FMD (flow-mediated dilation), a measure of conduit artery EDD (endothelium-dependent dilation), was 33% lower [7.93±0.33 against 5.27±0.37%Δ (% change), P<0.05] in MA/O (middle-aged/older) adults with NFG (normal fasting plasma glucose) (≤99 mg/dl, 62±1 years, n=35). In MA/O adults with IFG (100–125 mg/dl, 64±1 years, n=28), FMD was 30% lower (3.37±0.35%Δ) than in their peers with NFG and 58% lower than young controls (P<0.05). Brachial artery FMD was greater (6.38±0.35%Δ) in MA/O adults with NFG who regularly performed aerobic exercise (>45 min/day for ≥5 days/week, 62±1 years, n=23) compared with their non-exercising peers and only slightly less than young controls (P<0.05). Most importantly, FMD was completely preserved in MA/O adults with IFG who regularly performed aerobic exercise (6.99±0.69%Δ, 65±1 years, n=16). In the pooled sample, fasting plasma glucose was inversely related to FMD (r=−0.42, P<0.01) and was the strongest independent predictor of FMD (R2=0.32). Group differences in FMD were not affected by other subject characteristics or brachial artery properties, including brachial artery dilation to sublingual NTG (nitroglycerine, i.e. endothelium-independent dilation). IFG exacerbates age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction and this adverse effect is completely prevented in MA/O adults who regularly perform aerobic exercise.
5
Hickey, M. S., J. A. Houmard, R. V. Considine, G. L. Tyndall, J. B. Midgette, K. E. Gavigan, M. L. Weidner, M. R. McCammon, R. G. Israel, and J. F. Caro. "Gender-dependent effects of exercise training on serum leptin levels in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 272, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): E562—E566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.4.e562.
Full textAbstract:
Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is elevated in obese humans and appears to be closely related to body fat content. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training on systemic leptin levels in humans. Eighteen sedentary middle-aged men (n = 9) and women (n = 9) who did not differ in aerobic capacity (29.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 27.5 +/- 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or insulin sensitivity index (3.41 +/- 1.12 vs. 4.88 +/- 0.55) were studied. Fat mass was significantly lower in females vs. males (21.83 +/- 2.25 vs. 26.99 +/- 2.37 kg, P < 0.05). Despite this, fasting serum leptin was significantly higher in the females vs. males (18.27 +/- 2.55 vs. 9.88 +/- 1.26 ng/ml, P < 0.05). Serum leptin concentration decreased 17.5% in females (P < 0.05) after 12 wk of aerobic exercise training (4 day/wk, 30-45 min/day) but was not significantly reduced in males. Fat mass was not altered after training in either group. In contrast, both aerobic capacity (+13% males, +9.1% females) and insulin sensitivity (+35% males, +82% females) were significantly improved subsequent to training. These data suggest that 1) women have higher circulating leptin concentrations despite lower fat mass and 2) exercise training appears to have a greater effect on systemic leptin levels in females than in males.
6
Bellou, Elena, Faidon Magkos, Tonia Kouka, Eirini Bouchalaki, Dimitra Sklaveniti, Maria Maraki, Yiannis E. Tsekouras, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Stavros A. Kavouras, and Labros S. Sidossis. "Effect of high-intensity interval exercise on basal triglyceride metabolism in non-obese men." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 8 (August 2013): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0468.
Full textAbstract:
A single bout of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise has been shown to produce the same or greater metabolic benefits as continuous endurance exercise with considerably less energy expenditure, but whether this applies to very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism is not known. We sought to examine the effect of a single bout of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise on basal VLDL-triglyceride (TG) kinetics 14 and 48 h after exercise cessation to determine the acute and time-dependent effects of this type of exercise on VLDL-TG metabolism. Eight healthy sedentary men (age, 23.6 ± 6.1 years; body mass index, 23.1 ± 2.2 kg·m−2, peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), 36.3 ± 5.5 mL·kg−1·min−1) participated in three stable isotopically labeled tracer infusion studies: (i) 14 h and (ii) 48 h after a single bout of high-intensity aerobic interval exercise (60% and 90% of V̇O2peak in 4 min intervals for a total of 32 min; gross energy expenditure ∼500 kcal) and (iii) after an equivalent period of rest, in random order. Fasting plasma VLDL-TG concentration was 20% lower at 14 h (P = 0.046) but not at 48 h (P = 1.000) after exercise compared with the resting trial. VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate increased by 21% at 14 h (P < 0.001) but not at 48 h (P = 0.299) after exercise compared with rest, whereas hepatic VLDL-TG secretion rate was not different from rest at any time point after exercise. We conclude that high-intensity interval exercise reduces fasting plasma VLDL-TG concentrations in non-obese men the next day by augmenting VLDL-TG clearance, just like a single bout of continuous endurance exercise. This effect is short-lived and abolished by 48 h after exercise.
7
Morales Febles, Raúl, Natalia Negrín Mena, Ana Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Laura Díaz Martín, Federico González Rinne, Domingo Marrero Miranda, Ana González Rinne, et al. "Exercise and Prediabetes after Renal Transplantation (EXPRED): Protocol Description." Nephron 145, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511320.
Full textAbstract:
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent and severe complication after renal transplantation. In fact, PTDM is a risk factor for both infection and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and incidence of PTDM have a bimodal evolution: early (up to 3 months) and late PTDM (beyond 12 months). The majority of late PTDM occurs in subjects with prediabetes after transplantation. So, treating patients with prediabetes, a potentially reversible condition, might help preventing PTDM. In the general population, exercise prevents the evolution from prediabetes to diabetes. However, in renal transplantation, not enough evidence is available in this field. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We designed an exploratory analysis to evaluate the feasibility of exercise to reverse prediabetes as a first step in the design of a trial to prevent PTDM. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Only patients with prediabetes beyond 12 months after transplantation with capacity to perform exercise will be included. Prediabetes will be diagnosed based on fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Patients will be treated with a stepped training intervention, starting with aerobic exercise training (brisk walking, swimming, and cycling) 5 times per week and 30 min/day. Aerobic exercise training will be gradually increased to 60 min/day or eventually combined with anaerobic exercise training in case of persistent prediabetes. The reversibility/persistence of prediabetes will be measured with fasting glucose and OGTTs every 3 months. This study will last for 12 months.
8
Bhutani, S., M. C. Klempel, C. M. Kroeger, and K. A. Varady. "OP024 COMBINING ALTERNATE DAY FASTING WITH EXERCISE IMPROVES PLASMA LIPIDS AND LDL PARTICLE SIZE IN OBESE HUMANS." Clinical Nutrition Supplements 7, no. 1 (September 2012): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1744-1161(12)70025-x.
Full text
9
Bock, Joshua M., Erika Iwamoto, Jeffrey G. Horak, Andrew J. Feider, Satoshi Hanada, and Darren P. Casey. "Aerobic exercise offsets endothelial dysfunction induced by repetitive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in young healthy men." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 319, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): R11—R18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00055.2020.
Full textAbstract:
Consumption of a single, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) impairs vascular endothelial function. Regular aerobic exercise improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation; however, it is unknown whether these beneficial effects persist with frequent SSB consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold; we studied the effects of repetitive SSB consumption (75 g d-glucose, 3 times/day) for 1 wk (Glu, n = 13, 23 ± 4 yr, 23.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2) on endothelium-dependent vasodilation (FMD). Then, in a separate cohort, we investigated whether 45 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on five separate days offset the hypothesized decrease in FMD during the Glu protocol (Glu+Ex, n = 11, 21 ± 3 yr, 23.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2). Baseline, fasting [glucose] ( P = 0.15), [insulin] ( P = 0.25), %FMD ( P = 0.48), absolute FMD ( P = 0.66), and shear rate area under the curve (SRAUC; P = 0.82) were similar between groups. Following the interventions, fasting [glucose] (Glu: 94 ± 6 to 92 ± 6 mg/dL, Glu+Ex: 89 ± 8 to 87 ± 6 mg/dL, P = 0.74) and [insulin] (Glu: 11.3 ± 6.2 to 11.8 ± 8.9 μU/mL, Glu+Ex: 8.7 ± 2.9 to 9.4 ± 3.2 μU/mL, P = 0.89) were unchanged. %FMD was reduced in Glu (6.1 ± 2.2 to 5.1 ± 1.3%) and increased in Glu+Ex (6.6 ± 2.2 to 7.8 ± 2.4%, P < 0.05 for both). SRAUC increased similarly in both Glu [17,715 ± 8,275 to 22,922 ± 4,808 arbitrary units (A.U.)] and Glu+Ex (18,216 ± 4,516 to 21,666 ± 5,392 A.U., main effect of time P < 0.05). When %FMD was adjusted for SRAUC, attenuation was observed in Glu (0.41 ± 0.18 to 0.23 ± 0.08%/s × 103, P < 0.05) but not Glu+Ex (0.38 ± 0.14 to 0.38 ± 0.13%/s × 103, P = 0.88). Despite unchanged fasting [glucose] and [insulin], repeated consumption of SSBs impaired conduit artery vascular endothelial function. Additionally, subjects who engaged in regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise did not demonstrate the same SSB-induced endothelial dysfunction. Collectively, these data suggest aerobic exercise may offset the deleterious effects of repetitive SSB consumption.
10
Tsekouras, Yiannis E., Faidon Magkos, Konstantinos I. Prentzas, Konstantinos N. Basioukas, Stergoula G. Matsama, Amalia E. Yanni, Stavros A. Kavouras, and Labros S. Sidossis. "A single bout of whole-body resistance exercise augments basal VLDL-triacylglycerol removal from plasma in healthy untrained men." Clinical Science 116, no. 2 (December 15, 2008): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20080078.
Full textAbstract:
A single bout of prolonged aerobic exercise lowers plasma TAG (triacylglycerol) concentrations the next day by increasing the efficiency of VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein)-TAG removal from the circulation. The effect of resistance exercise on VLDL-TAG metabolism is not known. Therefore we evaluated VLDL-TAG kinetics by using stable isotope-labelled tracers in eight healthy untrained men (age, 25.3±0.8 years; body mass index, 24.5±0.6 kg/m2) in the post-absorptive state in the morning on two separate occasions: once after performing a single 90-min bout of strenuous isokinetic resistance exercise (three sets×ten repetitions, 12 exercises at 80% of maximum peak torque production, with a 2-min rest interval between exercises) on the preceding afternoon and once after an equivalent period of rest. Fasting plasma VLDL-TAG concentrations in the morning after exercise were significantly lower than in the morning after rest (0.23±0.04 compared with 0.33±0.06 mmol/l respectively; P=0.001). Hepatic VLDL-TAG secretion rate was not different (P=0.31), but plasma clearance rate of VLDL-TAG was significantly higher (by 26±8%) after exercise than rest (31±3 compared with 25±3 ml/min respectively; P=0.004), and the mean residence time of VLDL-TAG in the circulation was significantly shorter (113±10 compared with 144±18 min respectively; P=0.02). Fasting plasma NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid; ‘free’ fatty acid) and serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were both significantly higher after exercise than rest (P<0.05), whereas plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were not different (P>0.30). We conclude that, in healthy untrained men, a single bout of whole-body resistance exercise lowers fasting plasma VLDL-TAG concentrations by augmenting VLDL-TAG removal from plasma. The effect appears to be qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that reported previously for aerobic exercise.
11
Aragon, Alan A., and Brad J. Schoenfeld. "Does Timing Matter? A Narrative Review of Intermittent Fasting Variants and Their Effects on Bodyweight and Body Composition." Nutrients 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 5022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235022.
Full textAbstract:
The practice of fasting recently has been purported to have clinical benefits, particularly as an intervention against obesity and its related pathologies. Although a number of different temporal dietary restriction strategies have been employed in practice, they are generally classified under the umbrella term “intermittent fasting” (IF). IF can be stratified into two main categories: (1) intra-weekly fasting (alternate-day fasting/ADF, twice-weekly fasting/TWF) and (2) intra-daily fasting (early time-restricted eating/eTRE and delayed time-restricted eating/dTRE). A growing body of evidence indicates that IF is a viable alternative to daily caloric restriction (DCR), showing effectiveness as a weight loss intervention. This paper narratively reviews the literature on the effects of various commonly used IF strategies on body weight and body composition when compared to traditional DCR approaches, and draws conclusions for their practical application. A specific focus is provided as to the use of IF in combination with regimented exercise programs and the associated effects on fat mass and lean mass.
12
Nishida, Yuichiro, Takeshi Matsubara, Takuro Tobina, Munehiro Shindo, Kumpei Tokuyama, Keitaro Tanaka, and Hiroaki Tanaka. "Effect of Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Healthy Men." International Journal of Endocrinology 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/452820.
Full textAbstract:
Increased concentrations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or IGF-I relative to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are associated with increased risk of developing several forms of cancer. Conversely, exercise is linked with reduced risk. This study aims to investigate the effect of a low-intensity exercise program on circulating levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3, in previously sedentary males. Fourteen healthy men participated in cycle ergometer training at lactate threshold intensity for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. After aerobic training, insulin sensitivity improved by 20%, while fasting insulin levels decreased by 13%. Simultaneously, low-intensity aerobic training decreased the circulating levels of IGF-I by 9%, while IGFBP-1 levels increased by 16%. An interesting finding was that higher pretraining level of IGF-I was associated with greater decline in IGF-I with training. Insulin-sensitizing low-intensity aerobic exercise is thus considered to be an effective method for downregulating IGF-I and upregulating IGFBP-1 levels.
13
Nieuwoudt, Stephan, Ciarán E. Fealy, Julie A. Foucher, Amanda R. Scelsi, Steven K. Malin, Mangesh Pagadala, Michael Rocco, Bartolome Burguera, and John P. Kirwan. "Functional high-intensity training improves pancreatic β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 313, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): E314—E320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00407.2016.
Full textAbstract:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by reductions in β-cell function and insulin secretion on the background of elevated insulin resistance. Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve β-cell function, despite a subset of T2D patients displaying “exercise resistance.” Further investigations into the effectiveness of alternate forms of exercise on β-cell function in the T2D patient population are needed. We examined the effect of a novel, 6-wk CrossFit functional high-intensity training (F-HIT) intervention on β-cell function in 12 sedentary adults with clinically diagnosed T2D (54 ± 2 yr, 166 ± 16 mg/dl fasting glucose). Supervised training was completed 3 days/wk, comprising functional movements performed at a high intensity in a variety of 10- to 20-min sessions. All subjects completed an oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometric measures at baseline and following the intervention. The mean disposition index, a validated measure of β-cell function, was significantly increased (PRE: 8.4 ± 3.1, POST: 11.5 ± 3.5, P = 0.02) after the intervention. Insulin processing inefficiency in the β-cell, expressed as the fasting proinsulin-to-insulin ratio, was also reduced (PRE: 2.40 ± 0.37, POST: 1.78 ± 0.30, P = 0.04). Increased β-cell function during the early-phase response to glucose correlated significantly with reductions in abdominal body fat ( R2= 0.56, P = 0.005) and fasting plasma alkaline phosphatase ( R2= 0.55, P = 0.006). Mean total body-fat percentage decreased significantly (Δ: −1.17 0.30%, P = 0.003), whereas lean body mass was preserved (Δ: +0.05 ± 0.68 kg, P = 0.94). We conclude that F-HIT is an effective exercise strategy for improving β-cell function in adults with T2D.
14
Mikus, Catherine R., Seth T. Fairfax, Jessica L. Libla, Leryn J. Boyle, Lauro C. Vianna, Douglas J. Oberlin, Grace M. Uptergrove, et al. "Seven days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion in patients with type 2 diabetes." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 3 (September 2011): 657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00489.2011.
Full textAbstract:
The vasodilatory effects of insulin account for up to 40% of insulin-mediated glucose disposal; however, insulin-stimulated vasodilation is impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes, limiting perfusion and delivery of glucose and insulin to target tissues. To determine whether exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion, a stimulus for increasing circulating insulin, we assessed femoral blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose) in 11 overweight or obese (body mass index, 34 ± 1 kg/m2), sedentary (peak oxygen consumption, 23 ± 1 ml·kg−1·min−1) individuals (53 ± 2 yr) with non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes (HbA1c, 6.63 ± 0.18%) before and after 7 days of supervised treadmill and cycling exercise (60 min/day, 60–75% heart rate reserve). Fasting glucose, insulin, and FBF were not significantly different after 7 days of exercise, nor were glucose or insulin responses to the OGTT. However, estimates of whole body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index) increased ( P < 0.05). Before exercise training, FBF did not change significantly during the OGTT (1 ± 7, −7 ± 5, 0 ± 6, and 0 ± 5% of fasting FBF at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively). In contrast, after exercise training, FBF increased by 33 ± 9, 39 ± 14, 34 ± 7, and 48 ± 18% above fasting levels at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively ( P < 0.05 vs. corresponding preexercise time points). Additionally, postprandial glucose responses to a standardized breakfast meal consumed under “free-living” conditions decreased during the final 3 days of exercise ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, 7 days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow during an OGTT in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
15
Tayid, Vahid, Aziz Zinivand Lorestani, Mahbanoo Ghaderi, Hadi Gharani, Yaser Mehdizadeh, and Marzieh Havasi. "Changes in Serum Levels of Retinol Binding Protein 4, Glucose and Insulin in Adaptation to Nettle Supplementation and Combination Training in Overweight Men With Type 2 Diabetes." Jundishapur Journal of Medical Sciences 20, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jsmj.20.3.2416.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objectives Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, and its increasing growth has led to numerous health and socioeconomic problems in the community. Subjects and Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 40 men with type 2 diabetes were selected from the volunteers based on a nutritional questionnaire, exercise abilities, body mass index, and physical health. They were randomly divided into four groups: exercise, nettle, exercise plus nettle, and control. The resistance training program was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 60% to 70% of a maximum repetition, and aerobic exercise with an intensity of 60% to 80% of maximum heart rate. The dose of nettle was 100 mg per day. Blood sampling was performed before fasting and 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed using paired t test and analysis of variance. Results After eight weeks of intervention, there was a significant difference in fasting insulin and glucose levels between the groups (P= 0.001 and P= 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the retinol levels bound to protein 4 between all groups (P= 0.096). Conclusion The results showed that both exercise and nettle interventions reduce fasting insulin and glucose levels, but reducing retinol levels bound to protein 4, exercise and nettle interventions are needed.
16
Beigi, Sharif, Fatemeh Shabkhiz, Mohammadreza Kordi, Bahram Haghi-Ashtiani, and Nahid Hashemi-Madani. "The 10-week of aerobic-functional training improves fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial." Biomedical Human Kinetics 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2022-0022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Study aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 10-week of combined training course on concentrations of blood sugar, Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profile in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Materials and methods: This clinical trial was performed in diabetic neuropathy women and men (30–60 years old). Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: exercise (EG; n = 10) and control (CG; n = 10). The EG performed 10-week programme with one session of aerobic exercises (40% to 70% of HRReserve) and one session of functional exercises (60–90 min/ day) at the same day for four days/week and the CG performed their daily activities. The Blood glucose, IR, and lipid profile were measured initially and after the intervention. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant decrease in fasting blood sugar (p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p < 0.01), and greater improvements in TG (p < 0.05) and LDL (p < 0.05) in EG than CG, but. HDL concentration did not show significant changes. Conclusion: The 10-week of aerobic-functional training improves fasting blood sugar, IR, and lipid profile in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
17
Chauhan, Kajal Girdharlal, and Megha Sheth. "Comparison of the Effect of Aerobic Training and Resistance Training on Body Mass Index and Skinfold Thickness in Overweight and Obese Adults - An Experimental Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220704.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The World Health Organization defines overweight and obesity as abnormal and excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Exercise has shown to have a positive effect on mood and decreasing cardiovascular risk in normal people. Physical activity favorably alters the body composition. Aerobic exercise and resistance training, even without dietary restriction, may provide positive spin-off to the weight loss effort. Studies of aerobic versus resisted exercises in reduction of body weight is insufficient Indian population. Method: Demographic and anthropometric data (Age, gender, Body mass index, VO2 max and skin fold thickness) was collected. Aerobic - Group A performed treadmill walking 6 days /week, 20mins / day, Resistance- Group B performed set 1 (Chest press, Arm extension, Leg extension, Quadriceps, Lower abdominals) and set 2 (Elbow flexion, Elbow extension, Retractors, Upper abdominals) on alternate days for 6 days/week. Outcome measures were taken pre and post intervention. Results: Body mass index, skinfold thickness, aerobic capacity, rate pressure product and quality of life significantly improved p <0.001. Post hoc Bonferroni test showed that aerobic training is better than resistance training for improving body mass index, aerobic capacity, rate pressure product and quality of life where as resistance training is better than aerobic and control group to reduce skinfold thickness. Conclusion: Aerobic training is more effective than resistance training for body mass index, aerobic capacity, rate pressure product and quality of life where as resistance training is better than aerobic group to reduce skinfold thickness. Key words: Aerobic training, Resistance training, Vo2max, SF36, Skinfold thickness.
18
Chryssanthopoulos, Costas, Michaella Alexandrou, Maria Horianopoulou, Ioannis Alexandros Stogios, Paraskevas Ioannou, Chrysoula Stavrou, Marina Chatzea, et al. "Acute Effect of Aerobic Exercise Performed at Different Times of Day on Glucose Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes." Proceedings 25, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019025005.
Full textAbstract:
AIM: There is some evidence to suggest that exercise in the evening, compared with exercise in the morning, has a more beneficial impact on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to examine a possible acute effect of aerobic exercise performed at different times of day on blood glucose levels during and after exercise in patients with T2D. MATERIAL & METHOD: Eight male T2D patients (61.8 ± 6.9 yrs, 27.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2, HbA1c: 6.5 ± 1.1%; mean ± SD), who did not receive insulin, performed 60-min cycling at about 75% maximal heart rate (HRmax) either at 10:30 (Morning-M), or at 17:30 (Evening-E), or 30-min cycling at 10:30 and 30-min cycling at 17:30 (ME). A control condition (C) was also included where volunteers did not exercise but had their blood glucose measured at day-time intervals similar to the time intervals of the three exercise trials. Two days before each condition no physical activity was allowed, while the day before and on the day of each trial participants controlled their diet. RESULTS: Compared to resting levels, blood glucose at the end of exercise decreased at similar levels in M (20 ± 12%), E (28 ± 14%), in the morning of ME (21 ± 10%) and in the evening of ME (26 ± 19%) (p > 0.05). Also, heart rate, blood lactate and rate of perceived exertion responses during exercise were similar between the 3 exercise conditions. Mean area under the blood glucose-time curve over the two-hour post-exercise period in exercise trials, and at similar time intervals in C, was different only between the morning in C (15,173 ± 1830 mg/dL•120 min) and the evening in ME (11,681 ± 1526 mg/dL•120 min, p = 0.045). In addition, overnight fasting serum glucose the morning after each trial was similar between conditions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: No acute effect of cycling at about 75% HRmax was observed on glycemia in patients with T2D when exercise was performed at different times of day.
19
Sianturi, Roni, and Akhmad Mustofa. "Aerobic Exercise Reduce Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.5.1.2022.73-83.
Full textAbstract:
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a metabolic disease caused by disruption of insulin action and characterized by hyperglycemia. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus needs to be done to achieve optimal glycemic control to prevent various complications. Aerobic exercise walking is a way to lower blood glucose that is easy for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Determine the effect of aerobic exercise in lowering blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study is a literature review with the PICOC method for searching articles on databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Proquest. The articles that were reviewed were limited to 2015-2020 and the types of research were quasi-experiments and randomized control trials. Seven articles match in criteria, four international articles and three national articles. Analysis of the articles showed that the characteristics of respondents were 49-65 years old, 209 men, 191 women, the average duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 5.3-9 years and the average HbA1C value was 6.4% - 8.4%. Glucose value in the research article showed a decrease in various glucose indicators such as HbA1C, capillary glucose, fasting glucose, and continuous glucose monitoring. Aerobic exercise in the frequency of seven days to 25 weeks with moderate to vigorous intensity, 15-60 minutes of exercise time/session, and the type of exercise is walking on a treadmill, walking 10,000 steps/day, and brisk walking. Aerobic walking exercise can lower blood glucose and is easily done by people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
20
Sandhiya M, Senthil Selvam P, Manoj Abraham M, Tushar J Palekar, Sundaram M S, Priya Kumari, and Christina J. "A Study To Compare The Effects Of Aerobic Exercise Versus Core Strengthening Exercise Among College Girls With Primary Dysmenorrhea." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 2692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4542.
Full textAbstract:
Dysmenorrhea means cramping pain accompanying menstruation. Prevalence and incidence of dysmenorrhea in Indian adolescent girls is about 70.2% and 33.5%. Primary dysmenorrhea is indicated by lower abdominal pain which may radiate to the thigh and lower back, causing nausea, vomiting, mood swings, headache, fatigue and diarrhoea. The objective of the study is to compare the effect of aerobic exercise versus strengthening of core muscles exercise among college going girls with primary dysmenorrhea. It is an experimental study conducted with 30 samples, ranging between the age group of 18-25 years, who were treated for a session of 40 min per day. The treatment was given for 3 days per week, which was continued for 8 weeks. The samples were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were randomly divided into two groups, namely Group A and Group B, where Group A consists of 15 samples and B consists of 15 samples. Group A was trained with aerobic exercise and Group B was trained with core strengthening with a mini stability ball. Both groups were trained for 40 mins per day for 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The training was not given during the period of the menstrual cycle. The study showed that pain intensity was decreased significantly in both the groups with Group A at p=0.0001 and Group B at p<0.0001 with MMDQ and Group A at p=0.0006and Group B at p=0.0025 with VMSS. Hence, this study concluded that core strengthening exercise is more effective in reducing pain intensity. Hence, it can be used as one of the alternate therapies for pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea.
21
Bhutani, Surabhi, Monica C. Klempel, Cynthia M. Kroeger, John F. Trepanowski, and Krista A. Varady. "Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans." Obesity 21, no. 7 (May 29, 2013): 1370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.20353.
Full text
22
Tsekouras, Yiannis E., Faidon Magkos, Yiannis Kellas, Konstantinos N. Basioukas, Stavros A. Kavouras, and Labros S. Sidossis. "High-intensity interval aerobic training reduces hepatic very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion rate in men." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 295, no. 4 (October 2008): E851—E858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90545.2008.
Full textAbstract:
A single bout of strenuous endurance exercise reduces fasting plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations the next day (12–24 h later) by augmenting the efficiency of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG removal from the circulation. Although much of the hypotriglyceridemia associated with training is attributed to the last bout of exercise, the relevant changes in VLDL-TG metabolism have never been investigated. We therefore examined basal VLDL-TG kinetics in a group of sedentary young men ( n = 7) who underwent 2 mo of supervised high-intensity interval training (3 sessions/wk; running at 60 and 90% of peak oxygen consumption in 4-min intervals for a total of 32 min; gross energy expenditure: 446 ± 29 kcal) and a nonexercising control group ( n = 8). Each subject completed two stable isotope-labeled tracer infusion studies in the postabsorptive state, once before and again after the intervention (∼48 h after the last exercise bout in the training group). Peak oxygen consumption increased by ∼18% after training ( P ≤ 0.05), whereas body weight and body composition were not altered. Fasting plasma VLDL-TG concentration was reduced after training by ∼28% ( P ≤ 0.05), and this was due to reduced hepatic VLDL-TG secretion rate (by ∼35%, P ≤ 0.05) with no changes (<5%, P > 0.7) in VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate and the mean residence time of VLDL-TG in the circulation. No significant changes in VLDL-TG concentration and kinetics were observed in the nonexercising control group (all P ≥ 0.3). We conclude that a short period of high-intensity interval aerobic training lowers the rate of VLDL-TG secretion by the liver in previously sedentary men. This is different from the mechanism underlying the hypotriglyceridemia of acute exercise; however, it remains to be established whether our finding reflects an effect of the longer time lapse from the last exercise bout, an effect specific to the type of exercise performed, or an effect of aerobic training itself.
23
Linden, Melissa A., Justin A. Fletcher, E. Matthew Morris, Grace M. Meers, Monica L. Kearney, Jacqueline M. Crissey, M. Harold Laughlin, et al. "Combining metformin and aerobic exercise training in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD in OLETF rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 306, no. 3 (February 1, 2014): E300—E310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00427.2013.
Full textAbstract:
Here, we sought to compare the efficacy of combining exercise and metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in hyperphagic, obese, type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats (age: 20 wk, hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic; n = 10/group) were randomly assigned to sedentary (O-SED), SED plus metformin (O-SED + M; 300 mg·kg−1·day−1), moderate-intensity exercise training (O-EndEx; 20 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk treadmill running), or O-EndEx + M groups for 12 wk. Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (L-SED) rats served as nonhyperphagic controls. O-SED + M, O-EndEx, and O-EndEx + M were effective in the management of type 2 diabetes, and all three treatments lowered hepatic steatosis and serum markers of liver injury; however, O-EndEx lowered liver triglyceride content and fasting hyperglycemia more than O-SED + M. In addition, exercise elicited greater improvements compared with metformin alone on postchallenge glycemic control, liver diacylglycerol content, hepatic mitochondrial palmitate oxidation, citrate synthase, and β-HAD activities and in the attenuation of markers of hepatic fatty acid uptake and de novo fatty acid synthesis. Surprisingly, combining metformin and aerobic exercise training offered little added benefit to these outcomes, and in fact, metformin actually blunted exercise-induced increases in complete mitochondrial palmitate oxidation and β-HAD activity. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training was more effective than metformin administration in the management of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD outcomes in obese hyperphagic OLETF rats. Combining therapies offered little additional benefit beyond exercise alone, and findings suggest that metformin potentially impairs exercise-induced hepatic mitochondrial adaptations.
24
Zahedi, Pejhman, Jabbar Bashiri, and Farhad Gholami. "Simultaneus effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on resting levels serum of amino transferases in obese men." Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 42, no. 5 (December 30, 2020): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mj.2020.082.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Obesity is a risk factor for several diseases including metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and is underlying cause of liver diseases. Researches indicate that life style modification via changes in physical activity levels and healthy diet can be beneficial for liver function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on serum levels of ALT and AST. Methods: In a clinical trial, forty obese men (BMI>30 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into four groups (10 per each) including 1- Exercise+Sepplement (ES) 2- Supplement (S) 3- Exercise+Placebo (EP) and 4- Placebo (P). The subjects received garlic capsule two times per day (each capsule contained 500 mg garlic powder) or placebo (starch) over a period of eight weeks. The subjects in exercise groups performed a supervised progressive aerobic training (3 times a week, %50-%70 HRmax, 20-40 mins) at the same time. Before and after the experimental period body composition analysis was performed and blood samples were taken in a fasting state. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests at the significance level of P<0.05. Results: The results showed that ALT and AST levels were decreased following 8-week aerobic training (P<0.05). Garlic supplementation also decreased serum levels of aminotransferases (P<0.05). Inter-group differences were seen between exercise groups and placebo (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that aerobic training and garlic supplementation can decreases serum aminotransferases levels; however, garlic supplementation has no additional effect on the effects of exercise.
25
Shambrook, Philip, Michael Kingsley, Nicholas Taylor, and Brett Gordon. "Accumulated or continuous exercise for glycaemic regulation and control: a systematic review with meta-analysis." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (December 2018): e000470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000470.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of accumulating exercise in multiple bouts of at least 10 min throughout a day with exercise completed in a single bout (continuous or interval), or no exercise, on glycaemic control and regulation in inactive people without diagnosed glycaemic dysfunction.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesSeven electronic databases were searched: CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, EMBASE (Ovid), MEDLINE 1948-(Ovid), SCOPUS (Elsevier), SPORTDiscus (EBSCO) and Web of Science (ISI) with no restrictions on date and included all titles indexed up to February 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesArticles reporting insufficiently active adults (19 to 64 years) without metabolic dysfunction, measuring glycaemic control or regulation following at least 6 weeks of aerobic exercise.ResultsOnly one study compared accumulated exercise to single-bout exercise with no significant effect on fasting glucose (95% CI: −0.04 to 0.24 mmol·L-1) or fasting insulin (95% CI: −1.79 to 9.85 pmol·L-1) reported 48 hours after the final bout. No studies compared accumulated exercise with no-exercise. Compared with no-exercise, single-bout exercise reduces insulin resistance (mean difference (MD): −0.53 pmol·L-1; 95% CI: −0.93 to −0.13). Insulin resistance was clearly reduced with moderate-intensity (−0.68 (−1.28 to −0.09)) but not with high-intensity (−0.38 (−1.20 to 0.44)) exercise. Single-bout exercise was not statistically more beneficial than no-exercise for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (MD: −0.11 %; 95% CI: −0.24 to 0.02) in metabolically healthy individuals.Summary/conclusionThe glycaemic response to accumulated exercise or single-bout exercise might not be different, however exercise intensity might influence the mechanisms generating the response.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015025042.
26
Cho, A.-Ra, Ju-Yeon Moon, Sue Kim, Ki-Yong An, Minsuk Oh, Justin Y. Jeon, Dong-Hyuk Jung, Man Ho Choi, and Ji-Won Lee. "Effects of alternate day fasting and exercise on cholesterol metabolism in overweight or obese adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial." Metabolism 93 (April 2019): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.002.
Full text
27
Yennu, Sriram, Vicente Valero, Bora Lim, Daniel J. Booser, Carolina Diaz Hernandez, Zhanni Lu, Diane D. Liu, et al. "High/low dose dexamethasone with physical activity for cancer-related fatigue in patients with advanced cancer: A phase II randomized double blind study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.31_suppl.110.
Full textAbstract:
110 Background: Cancer-related-fatigue (CRF) is the most debilitating symptom in patients with advanced cancer. Physical activity (PA) improves CRF with lower adherence in advanced cancer. Dexamethasone (Dex) improves CRF but has long-term side effects. The purpose of the study was to determine whether a brief course of Dex improves adherence to PA for CRF management. Methods: Advanced cancer patients with CRF ≥ 4/10 on Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were eligible. Patients were randomized to either 4mg of Dex (LoDex) or 8mg of Dex (HiDex) orally BID for 7 days Plus standardized aerobic and resistance exercise for 4 weeks. Change in the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness-Fatigue (FACIT-F) fatigue subscale from baseline to Day 8 (primary outcome) and Day 29 were assessed. Secondary outcomes included changes in fatigue (ESAS, PROMIS, MFSI), Sleep Quality (PSQI), fasting blood glucose, and myopathy. Results: Total evaluable patients were 60 (31 LoDex and 29 HiDex arms). The study was feasible (N = 60/67 were evaluable); 84% and 65% LoDex, and 96% and 68% Hi Dex were adherent to aerobic and resistance exercise, respectively [All Patients were adherent to study medication]. There was no significant difference in grade 3+ AE’s between the two arms (P = 0. 92). The FACIT fatigue subscale Cohen’s d in Lo Dex was 0.90 (P < 0.001) and 0.94(P < 0.001); and Hi Dex was 0.86(P < 0.001); and 1.05(P < 0.001) at Day 8 and Day 29, respectively. Similar improvement was found for ESAS Fatigue (P < 0.001), MFSI total (P = 0.005), and PROMIS –fatigue total (P = 0.005). Mixed model analysis showed significant improvement in FACIT-F fatigue scores at Day 8 (P = 0.0006), Day 15 (P = 0.0002), and D (P = 0.0018). There was no significant difference between the two arms at Day 8 and Day 29 in fatigue scores, myopathy, fasting blood glucose levels, symptom distress, and sleep quality scores. Conclusions: Short course of dexamethasone Plus physical activity resulted in sustained and robust improvement in CRF outcomes for upto 3 weeks after discontinuation of steroids suggesting possible priming effects of steroids helped to sustain physical activity. Further larger studies are justified. Clinical trial information: NCT02491632.
28
Chooi, Yu, Cherlyn Ding, Zhiling Chan, Jezebel Lo, John Choo, Benjamin Ding, Melvin Leow, and Faidon Magkos. "Lipoprotein Subclass Profile after Progressive Energy Deficits Induced by Calorie Restriction or Exercise." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111814.
Full textAbstract:
Weight loss, induced by chronic energy deficit, improves the blood lipid profile. However, the effects of an acute negative energy balance and the comparative efficacy of diet and exercise are not well-established. We determined the effects of progressive, acute energy deficits (20% or 40% of daily energy requirements) induced by a single day of calorie restriction (n = 19) or aerobic exercise (n = 13) in healthy subjects (age: 26 ± 9 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.8 ± 2.9 kg/m2). Fasting plasma concentrations of very low-, intermediate-, low-, and high-density lipoprotein (VLDL, LDL, IDL, and HDL, respectively) particles and their subclasses were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance. Total plasma triglyceride and VLDL-triglyceride concentrations decreased after calorie restriction and exercise (all p ≤ 0.025); the pattern of change was linear with an increasing energy deficit (all p < 0.03), with no evidence of plateauing. The number of circulating large and medium VLDL particles decreased after diet and exercise (all p < 0.015), with no change in small VLDL particles. The concentrations of IDL, LDL, and HDL particles, their relative distributions, and the particle sizes were not altered. Our data indicate that an acute negative energy balance induced by calorie restriction and aerobic exercise reduces triglyceride concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, by decreasing circulating large and medium VLDL particles.
29
Melanson, Edward L., Wendolyn S. Gozansky, Daniel W. Barry, Paul S. MacLean, Gary K. Grunwald, and James O. Hill. "When energy balance is maintained, exercise does not induce negative fat balance in lean sedentary, obese sedentary, or lean endurance-trained individuals." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 6 (December 2009): 1847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00958.2009.
Full textAbstract:
Fat oxidation during exercise is increased by endurance training, and evidence suggests that fat oxidation during exercise is impaired in obesity. Thus the primary aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of exercise on 24-h fat oxidation and fat balance in lean sedentary [LS, n = 10, body mass index (BMI) = 22.5 ± 6.5 kg/m2], lean endurance-trained (LT, n = 10, BMI = 21.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2), and obese sedentary (OS, n = 7, BMI = 35.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2) men and women. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured under sedentary (control; CON) and exercise (EX) conditions while maintaining energy balance. During EX, subjects performed 1 h of stationary cycling at 55% of aerobic capacity. Twenty-four-hour fat oxidation did not differ on the CON or EX day in LS (43 ± 9 vs. 29 ± 7 g/day, respectively), LT (53 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 5 g/day), or OS (58 ± 7 vs. 80 ± 9 g/day). However, 24-h fat balance was significantly more positive on EX compared with CON ( P < 0.01). Twenty-four-hour glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) profiles were similar on the EX and CON days, but after consumption of the first meal, FFA concentrations remained below fasting levels for the remainder of the day. These data suggest that when exercise is performed with energy replacement (i.e., energy balance is maintained), 24-h fat oxidation does not increase and in fact, may be slightly decreased. It appears that the state of energy balance is an underappreciated factor determining the impact of exercise on fat oxidation.
30
Antunes, Hanna Karen M., Marco Túlio De Mello, Valdir de Aquino Lemos, Ruth Ferreira Santos-Galduróz, Luciano Camargo Galdieri, Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno, Sergio Tufik, and Vânia D'Almeida. "Aerobic Physical Exercise Improved the Cognitive Function of Elderly Males but Did Not Modify Their Blood Homocysteine Levels." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 5, no. 1 (January 21, 2015): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369160.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Physical exercise influences homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations, cognitive function and the metabolic profile. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of regular physical exercise on Hcy levels, the metabolic profile and cognitive function in healthy elderly males before and after an endurance exercise program. Methods: Forty-five healthy and sedentary volunteers were randomized into 2 groups: (1) a control group asked not to change their normal everyday activities and not to start any regular physical exercise program and (2) an experimental group trained at a heart rate intensity corresponding to ventilatory threshold 1 (VT-1) for 60 min/day 3 times weekly on alternate days for 6 months using a cycle ergometer. All volunteers underwent cognitive evaluations, blood sample analyses and ergospirometric assessments. Results: A significant improvement in cognitive function was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). No significant changes in Hcy levels were observed in the experimental group (p > 0.05), but there was a significant increase in peak oxygen consumption and workload at VT-1 as well as a significant improvement in cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, urea, T3, T4 and prostate-specific antigen compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The data suggest that a physical exercise program does not reduce Hcy levels in healthy elderly males, although it improves the cardiovascular and metabolic profile as well as cognitive function.
31
Bounds, Roger G., Steven E. Martin, Peter W. Grandjean, Barbara C. O’Brien, Cindi Inman, and Stephen F. Crouse. "Diet and Short Term Plasma Lipoprotein-Lipid Changes after Exercise in Trained Men." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 10, no. 2 (June 2000): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.10.2.114.
Full textAbstract:
To test the effect of diet on the short-term lipid response to exercise, fourteen moderately trained (VO2max: 50.2 ± 6.7 ml/kg/min), healthy men (mean age: 28 ± 4 years) were alternately fed a high fat (60±6.7% fat) and a high carbohydrate (63 ± 3.2% carbohydrate) isoenergetic diet for 2 weeks in a randomized crossover design. During the last 4 days of the treatments, fasting total cholesterol, triglyceride. HDL-cholesterol, and -cholesterol were measured the day before, and again immediately, 24 hr. and 48 hr after exercise (4190 kJ, 70% ). LDL-cholesterol and -cholesterol were calculated. Lipid concentrations were adjusted for plasma volume changes after exercise. A 2 (diet) × 4 (time) ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant interaction between the diet and exercise treatments. Furthermore, diet alone did not influence lipid concentrations in these trained men. Exercise resulted in an increase in HDL-C (10.7%) and -C (8.5%) concentrations and a concomitant fall in triglyceride (-25%) and total cholesterol (-3.5%). Thus, we conclude that diet composition does not affect the short-term changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins that accompany a single session of aerobic exercise in moderately trained men.
32
Dalbo, Vincent J., Michael D. Roberts, Scott E. Hassell, Jordan R. Moon, and Chad M. Kerksick. "Effects of a Mineral Antioxidant Complex on Clinical Safety, Body Water, Lactate Response, and Aerobic Performance in Response to Exhaustive Exercise." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 20, no. 5 (October 2010): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.20.5.381.
Full textAbstract:
Background:This investigation examined the safety and efficacy of a silica-based mineral antioxidant complex (MAC) that has been suggested to influence body water and buffer lactate.Methods:In a double-blind, randomized crossover design, male participants completed testing for 3 conditions: water only (baseline), rice flour (placebo), and MAC supplementation. Participants visited the laboratory on 5 occasions: familiarization, baseline, Testing Day 1, washout, and Testing Day 2. Baseline and Testing Days 1 and 2 consisted of fasting blood, pre- to postexercise body-water assessment and determination of VO2peak on a cycle ergometer. The supplementation protocols were separated by 1 wk and balanced to minimize an order effect.Results:No differences between conditions were found for heart rate, blood pressure, or serum-safety markers (p > .05). Before exercise there were no differences between conditions for total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), or extracellular water (ECW). No significant interactive effects for supplementation and exercise were found for TBW, ICW, or ECW (p > .05). A time effect for TBW (p < .01) and ICW (p < .001) was present. Within-group changes in TBW occurred in the MAC condition, and within-group changes for ICW occurred in the MAC and placebo conditions. Ratings of perceived exertion and blood lactate increased (p < .05) with exercise. No significant effects were found for performance variables.Conclusions:MAC supplementation had no impact on aerobic exercise performance and lactate response. Increases in TBW and ICW occurred after MAC consumption, but these changes appeared to have minimal physiological impact.
33
Zhang, Hui, Jacob Mey, Catherine Champagne, and John Kirwan. "Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Is Linked to Reduced Preference for Fatty Foods in Adults with Overweight or Obesity." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_106.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) reduces food intake, dietary fat preference, and body weight in pre-clinical studies. Through recent human and in vitro studies, we have identified a role for GDF15 in the energy expenditure (exercise) side of the energy balance equation. Collectively, GDF15 has emerged as a novel candidate for the treatment of human obesity. However, whether GDF15 regulates food intake or food preference in humans remains to be elucidated. Herein, we hypothesized that fasting and exercise-induced GDF15 plasma concentrations would be related to habitual food intake and preference in adults with overweight/obesity. Methods Samples previously collected from eleven adults (age: 54 ± 3, BMI: 32.4 ± 1.6, kg/m2, six women, five men) were subjected to secondary analysis. Fasting plasma GDF15 was quantified by ELISA, while habitual diet was measured from 3-day dietary records. Dietary data was analyzed by the Dietary Analysis Core at Pennington Biomedical Research Center using FNDDS (USDA 2015–2016). A sub-cohort (n = 9) further completed a 7-day aerobic exercise training for 60 min/day at ∼85% HRmax, GDF15 assessment was repeated post-training. Results At baseline, GDF15 showed trends in reduced total energy intake (kcals, R = −0.40, P = 0.22), and was inversely associated with fatty foods (oils, g/day) (R = −0.62, P < 0.05), consistent with animal models. Exercise increased GDF15 in six adults (responders), but decreased in three adults (non-responders). Responders habitually consumed 52% less total fat (g/1000kcals, P = 0.01) and 59% less oils (g/1000kcals, P = 0.01) compared to non-responders. In agreement, exercise-induced changes in GDF15 negatively associated with baseline fat (kcal/g, R = −0.68, P < 0.05) and cheese (serving/kcal, R = −0.67, P < 0.05) intake. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that GDF15 is linked to reduced fatty food preference in adults with overweight or obesity, suggesting a promising anti-obesity effect of GDF15 in humans. Larger human trials with repeated measurements are warranted to further elucidate the response. Funding Sources The study was supported by the National Institute of Health: UL1RR024989, U54GM104940, DK108089 (JPK) and T32AT004094 (JTM – trainee).
34
Viskochil, Richard, Jennifer M. Blankenship, Grace Makari-Judson, John Staudenmayer, Patty S. Freedson, Susan E. Hankinson, and Barry Braun. "Metrics of Diabetes Risk Are Only Minimally Improved by Exercise Training in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 5 (November 20, 2019): e1958-e1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz213.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Context Insulin resistance is a risk factor for breast cancer recurrence. How exercise training changes fasting and postglucose insulin resistance in breast cancer survivors is unknown. Objective To evaluate exercise-induced changes in postglucose ingestion insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, and their associations with cancer-relevant biomarkers in breast cancer survivors. Setting The University of Massachusetts Kinesiology Department. Participants 15 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors not meeting the physical activity guidelines (150 min/week of exercise). Intervention A supervised 12-week aerobic exercise program (60 min/day, 3–4 days/week). Main outcome measures Postglucose ingestion insulin was determined by peak insulin and area under the insulin curve (iAUC) during a 5-sample oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity was estimated from the Matsuda composite insulin sensitivity index (C-ISI). Changes in fitness and body composition were determined from submaximal VO2peak and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Participants averaged 156.8 ± 16.6 min/week of supervised exercise. Estimated VO2peak significantly increased (+2.8 ± 1.4 mL/kg/min, P < .05) and body weight significantly decreased (–1.1 ± 0.8 kg, P < .05) following the intervention. There were no differences in fasting insulin, iAUC, C-ISI, or peak insulin following the intervention. Insulin was only significantly lower 120 min following glucose consumption (68.8 ± 34.5 vs 56.2 ± 31.9 uU/mL, P < .05), and there was a significant interaction with past/present aromatase inhibitor (AI) use for peak insulin (–11.99 non-AI vs +13.91 AI uU/mL) and iAUC (-24.03 non-AI vs +32.73 AI uU/mL). Conclusions Exercise training had limited overall benefits on insulin concentrations following glucose ingestion in breast cancer survivors but was strongly influenced by AI use.
35
Choi, K. M., J. H. Kim, G. J. Cho, S. H. Baik, H. S. Park, and S. M. Kim. "Effect of exercise training on plasma visfatin and eotaxin levels." European Journal of Endocrinology 157, no. 4 (October 2007): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-07-0127.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Visfatin, a novel adipokine, was revealed to be associated with obesity and to have insulin-mimetic effect. Eotaxin, which is an important chemokine in asthma, was recently reported to be associated with obesity in mice and humans. We evaluated the effect of exercise training on plasma visfatin and eotaxin levels in association with cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Forty-eight non-diabetic Korean women were evaluated before and after a 12 week exercise program including aerobic exercise (45 min/session, 300 Kcal/day) and muscle strength training (20 min/session, 100 Kcal/day) five times per week. Results: Plasma visfatin concentrations were elevated in obese subjects (body mass index, BMI≥25 kg/m2) when compared with non-obese subjects (16.4 ± 13.4 ng/ml vs 7.7 ± 5.2 ng/ml, P = 0.006), and eotaxin concentrations were elevated in subjects with central obesity (waist circumference, WC≥80 cm) when compared with those without central obesity (73.6 ± 17.8 pg/ml vs 64.2 ± 4.2 pg/ml, P = 0.005). In multiple regression analyses, visfatin levels were associated with BMI (R2 = 0.255) and eotaxin levels were associated with WC and body weight (R2 = 0.307). After the exercise program, body weight, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance of participants were decreased. Furthermore, plasma visfatin levels were significantly decreased from 13.6 ± 12.0 to 7.7 ± 7.9 ng/ml (P = 0.026) and eotaxin levels were reduced from 72.0 ± 16.7 to 66.9 ± 14.2 pg/ml (P = 0.018). Conclusions: Exercise training with weight loss induced a significant reduction of plasma visfatin and eotaxin levels in non-diabetic Korean women.
36
Honda, Hiroto, Makoto Igaki, Motoaki Komatsu, and Shin-ichiro Tanaka. "Effect of maintaining supervised gym- and home-based exercises on the seasonal variations of metabolic outcomes in overweight and obese Japanese adults." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (October 2020): e000866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000866.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine whether maintaining supervised gym- and home-based exercises for an extended time of period could decrease seasonal variations of metabolic outcomes in overweight and obese Japanese adults.MethodsThis retrospective study recruited 54 overweight and obese outpatients who started exercising in 2006–2010 and analysed their metabolic outcomes for 5 years from March 2011 to February 2016. In this group, 26 participants performed moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (MIAE) for 30–40 min/day for at least 2 days/week, supervised by physical therapists at a hospital gym (GYM) during the observation period. Conversely, 28 participants were asked to perform MIAE by themselves at or around their homes (HOME) for the same duration.ResultsThe body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values in winter were higher than those in other seasons in the HOME group but not in the GYM group. The annual ranges of BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and HOMA-IR in the GYM group were smaller than those in the HOME group.ConclusionMaintaining supervised gym-based exercise, as opposed to home-based exercise, may decrease seasonal variations of some metabolic outcomes in overweight and obese Japanese adults.
37
Walsh, Jeremy J., Amedeo D’Angiulli, Jameason D. Cameron, Ronald J. Sigal, Glen P. Kenny, Martin Holcik, Steve Doucette, et al. "Changes in the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Are Associated with Improvements in Diabetes Risk Factors after Exercise Training in Adolescents with Obesity: The HEARTY Randomized Controlled Trial." Neural Plasticity 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7169583.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity in youth increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and both are risk factors for neurocognitive deficits. Exercise attenuates the risk of obesity and T2D while improving cognitive function. In adults, these benefits are associated with the actions of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein critical in modulating neuroplasticity, glucose regulation, fat oxidation, and appetite regulation in adults. However, little research exists in youth. This study examined the associations between changes in diabetes risk factors and changes in BDNF levels after 6 months of exercise training in adolescents with obesity. The sample consisted of 202 postpubertal adolescents with obesity (70% females) aged 14–18 years who were randomized to 6 months of aerobic and/or resistance training or nonexercise control. All participants received a healthy eating plan designed to induce a 250/kcal deficit per day. Resting serum BDNF levels and diabetes risk factors, such as fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-B—beta cell insulin secretory capacity) and (HOMA-IS—insulin sensitivity), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), were measured after an overnight fast at baseline and 6 months. There were no significant intergroup differences on changes in BDNF or diabetes risk factors. In the exercise group, increases in BDNF were associated with reductions in fasting glucose (β = −6.57, SE = 3.37, p=0.05) and increases in HOMA-B (β = 0.093, SE = 0.03, p=0.004) after controlling for confounders. No associations were found between changes in diabetes risk factors and BDNF in controls. In conclusion, exercise-induced reductions in some diabetes risk factors were associated with increases in BDNF in adolescents with obesity, suggesting that exercise training may be an effective strategy to promote metabolic health and increases in BDNF, a protein favoring neuroplasticity. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00195858, September 12, 2005 (funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research).
38
Hurren, Nicholas M., George M. Balanos, and Andrew K. Blannin. "Is the beneficial effect of prior exercise on postprandial lipaemia partly due to redistribution of blood flow?" Clinical Science 120, no. 12 (March 9, 2011): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20100460.
Full textAbstract:
Preprandial aerobic exercise lowers postprandial lipaemia (a risk factor for coronary heart disease); however, the mechanisms responsible are still not clear. The present study investigated whether blood flow to skeletal muscle and/or the liver was increased in the postprandial period after exercise, relative to a control trial, and whether this resulted from increased cardiac output or redistribution of flow. Eight overweight inactive males, aged 49.4±10.5 years (mean±S.D.), acted as their own controls in a counterbalanced design, either walking briskly for 90 min at 60% V̇O2max (maximal oxygen uptake), or resting in the lab, on the evening of day 1. The following morning, a fasting blood sample was collected, participants consumed a high-fat breakfast, and further venous blood samples were drawn hourly for 6 h. Immediately after blood sampling, Doppler ultrasound was used to measure cardiac output and blood flow through both the femoral artery of one leg and the hepatic portal vein, with the ultrasonographer blinded to trial order. The total postprandial triacylglycerol response was 22% lower after exercise (P=0.001). Blood flow through the femoral artery and the hepatic portal vein was increased by 19% (P<0.001) and 16% (P=0.033), respectively, during the 6-h postprandial period following exercise; however, postprandial cardiac output did not differ between trials (P=0.065). Redistribution of blood flow, to both exercised skeletal muscle and the liver, may therefore play a role in reducing the plasma triacylglycerol response to a high-fat meal on the day after an exercise bout.
39
Feito, Yuri, Pratik Patel, Andrea Sal Redondo, and Katie Heinrich. "Effects of Eight Weeks of High Intensity Functional Training on Glucose Control and Body Composition among Overweight and Obese Adults." Sports 7, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7020051.
Full textAbstract:
High-intensity exercise has been found to positively influence glucose control, however, the effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) for overweight and obese sedentary adults without diabetes is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in body composition and glucose control from eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training (A-RT) compared to HIFT. Session time spent doing daily workouts was recorded for each group. Baseline and posttest measures included height, weight, waist circumference, dual X-ray absorptiometry (body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass), and fasting blood glucose. Participants completing the intervention (78%, n = 9 per group) were 67% female, age = 26.8 ± 5.5 years, and had body mass index = 30.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2. Fasting blood glucose and 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests were used as primary outcome variables. On average, the HIFT group spent significantly less time completing workouts per day and week (ps < 0.001). No significant differences were found for body composition or glucose variables within- or between-groups. Even though our findings did not provide significant differences between groups, future research may utilize the effect sizes from our study to conduct fully-powered trials comparing HIFT with other more traditional training modalities.
40
Mori, Trevor, Ian Puddey, Lawrie Beilin, Valerie Burke, Alan Morton, Kim Stanton, and David Dunstan. "A Randomised, Controlled Study of the Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Dietary Fish on Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Factors in Type 2 Diabetics." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 81, no. 03 (1999): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614479.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryType 2 diabetes is associated with disturbances in coagulation and fibrinolysis. Prospective studies show that increased tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. The present study examined the hypothesis that combining a regime of moderate aerobic exercise with one daily fish meal as part of a low-fat diet (30% total energy) would improve coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in dyslipidaemic type 2 diabetic patients. In a randomised, controlled, 8-week trial, 55 sedentary type 2 diabetic subjects with serum triglycerides >1.8 mmol/l and/or HDL-C <1.0 mmol/l were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet (30% daily energy intake) with or without one fish meal daily (3.6 g ω3 fatty acids/day) and further randomized to a moderate (55-65% VO2max) or light (heart rate <100 bpm) exercise program. Plasma levels of fibrinogen, coagulation factor VIIc, tPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) antigen were measured before and after intervention. In the 49 subjects who completed the study, the fish diet alone, moderate exercise alone and the combination of fish and moderate exercise all led to significant reductions in tPA antigen concentrations (-2.1 ng/ml, p = 0.02, -1.9 ng/ml, p = 0.03, -2.0 ng/ml, p = 0.01, respectively) compared to controls. In multivariate regression, changes in fasting blood glucose (positively) and erythrocyte ω3 fatty acid composition (inversely) were independent predictors of the change in tPA antigen. The fish diet alone contributed to a significant rise in coagulation factor VIIc compared to controls (4.9%, p = 0.02), which was prevented by moderate exercise. No significant effects on PAI-1 antigen and fibrinogen were seen. In view of recent epidemiological findings, the reduction in tPA antigen with both fish and moderate exercise in these dyslipidaemic type 2 diabetic patients could reflect a reduced thrombotic potential and decreased cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, a small, albeit significant, increase in coagulation factor VIIc associated with fish can be prevented by a concomitant programme of moderate exercise.
41
Rantaniemi, Lauri, Aino Siltari, Eeva Harju, and Teemu J. Murtola. "Abstract CT171: Can supervised exercise impact on metabolic markers and physical activity during androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients? - randomized controlled pilot trial." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): CT171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-ct171.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction: Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is standard in treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Common adverse effects include fatigue, weight gain, sarcopenia, and decreased libido leading to lowered quality of life (QoL). Supervised exercise improves overall QoL among PCa patients. Less is known, however, how it may affect metabolic adverse effects of ADT.The aim of the study was to explore the effect of exercise intervention on glucose and cholesterol levels, body composition, and to find out whether supervised exercise leads to greater physical activity in long-term compared to self-administered exercise in men with ADT. Materials and methods: Altogether, 45 men were recruited. One man withdrew the consent at baseline and 5 dropped out during the study. Thus, 39 men completed the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into either supervised exercise for 3 months (n=27) or control group of self-administered exercise (n=17). In the supervised group, participants attended 1.5-hour group exercise session twice per week. Training program included both aerobic and muscle strength exercises. The 3-month intervention was followed by 3-month follow-up of self-administered exercise. Control group received the same introduction to exercise and training instruction as the supervised group but exercised independently for the entire study period. Fasting cholesterol, plasma glucose, and body composition were evaluated at the baseline, 3 months after randomization, and at the end of the study, 6 months after randomization. Physical activity during the study period was measured using activity bracelets (Polar A370). Study protocol was approved by Pirkanmaa hospital ethics committee (R18021) and registered to Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04050397). Results: Median total cholesterol increased during 6-month follow-up in both groups, but less in the supervised group compared to the control group (0.1 vs 0.4 mmol/l, respectively, p=0.02). LDL remained stable in supervised group but increased slightly in the control group (0 vs. 0.4 mmol/l, respectively, p=0.01). Fasting plasma glucose lowered slightly in both groups (-0.2 vs -0.4 mmol/l). Total active time per day was slightly higher in the supervised group compared to the control group after 3-month intervention (median 364 vs 293 min/day, respectively). This difference persisted after intervention stopped (median 331 vs 267 min/day, respectively). Median change in body fat percentage at 6 months was 0 in the supervised arm and -0.9 in the control arm. None of the participants dropped out due to exercise-related side-effects. Conclusion: This pilot study showed that it is safe to perform strength exercise in men with ADT. Supervised exercise is likely more effective in mitigating metabolic adverse effect of ADT and inducing long-term changes in physical activity than self-administered exercise. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to investigate whether this leads to survival advantage. Citation Format: Lauri Rantaniemi, Aino Siltari, Eeva Harju, Teemu J. Murtola. Can supervised exercise impact on metabolic markers and physical activity during androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients? - randomized controlled pilot trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT171.
42
Hammouda, Omar, Hamdi Chtourou, Asma Aloui, Henda Chahed, Choumous Kallel, Abdelhedi Miled, Karim Chamari, Anis Chaouachi, and Nizar Souissi. "Concomitant Effects of Ramadan Fasting and Time-Of-Day on Apolipoprotein AI, B, Lp-a and Homocysteine Responses during Aerobic Exercise in Tunisian Soccer Players." PLoS ONE 8, no. 11 (November 11, 2013): e79873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079873.
Full text
43
Pereira, Rodrigo Martins, Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues, Marcella Ramos Sant’Ana, Guilherme Francisco Peruca, Ana Paula Morelli, Fernando M. Simabuco, Adelino S. R. da Silva, et al. "Strength exercise reduces hepatic pyruvate carboxylase and gluconeogenesis in DIO mice." Journal of Endocrinology 247, no. 2 (November 2020): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-20-0193.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity is linked to a reduction in the control of hepatic glucose production, which is the primary mechanism related to fasting hyperglycemia and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main system involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis synthesis is controlled by pyruvate carboxylase (PC), which increases in obesity conditions. Recently, we showed that short-term strength training is an important tool against obesity-induced hyperglycemia. As aerobic exercise can reduce the hepatic PC content of obese animals, we hypothesized that strength exercise can also decrease this gluconeogenic enzyme. Therefore, this study investigated whether the metabolic benefits promoted by short-term strength training are related to changes in hepatic PC content. Swiss mice were divided into three groups: lean control (Ctl), obese sedentary (ObS), and obese short-term strength training (STST). The STST protocol was performed through one session/day for 15 days. The obese exercised animals had reduced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. These results were related to better control of hepatic glucose production and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that hepatic PC mRNA levels have positive correlations with glucose levels and adiposity, and negative correlations with locomotor activity and muscle mass. We also found that hepatic mRNA levels are related to lipogenic markers in the liver. Finally, we observed that the obese animals had an increased hepatic PC level; however, STST was efficient in reducing its amount. In conclusion, we provide insights into new biomolecular mechanisms by showing how STST is an efficient tool against obesity-related hyperglycemia and T2DM, even without body weight changes.
44
Chu, Lisa, Katherine M. Morrison, Michael C. Riddell, Sandeep Raha, and Brian W. Timmons. "Validity and reliability of a novel metabolic flexibility test in children with obesity." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 1062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00093.2017.
Full textAbstract:
Existing methods for diagnosing diabetes and for identifying risk of diabetes development are completed under resting conditions and based on adult data. Studying additional methods to identify metabolic risk in children is warranted. Our objective was to examine the validity and reliability of a metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) test for screening glycemia and insulin resistance (IR) in children. We hypothesized higher MetFlex during exercise would be correlated with lower fasting glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and higher whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2). Thirty-four children with obesity (14 boys, 20 girls) attended two visits. At visit 1, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was followed by anthropometric and aerobic fitness (V̇o2max) assessments. Insulin and glucose during the OGTT were used to calculate HOMA-IR, WBISI, and ISSI-2. At visit 2, a 13C-enriched carbohydrate drink was ingested before 60 min of exercise at 45% V̇o2max. Breath measurements were collected to calculate area under the curve exogenous carbohydrate to measure MetFlex. Pearson’s r correlation showed no significant association between MetFlex during exercise with fasting glucose ( r = −0.288, P = 0.110). MetFlex was associated with log-HOMA-IR ( r = −0.597, P = 0.024), log-WBISI ( r = 0.575, P = 0.051), and log-ISSI-2 ( r = 0.605, P = 0.037) in boys but not girls. When repeated ( n = 18), MetFlex was deemed a reliable test (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.692). MetFlex during exercise was negatively associated with IR and β-cell function in boys. Further research is required to explore clinical utility of the MetFlex test and explain the lack of association in girls. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to investigate the validity and reliability of a novel noninvasive metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) test for identifying insulin resistance in children with obesity. MetFlex was measured during exercise using [13C]glucose stable isotope methodology. Findings showed that MetFlex was negatively associated with insulin resistance in boys but not in girls with obesity. Future work is required to investigate these sex differences. MetFlex test results were deemed reliable when repeated on a separate day.
45
Zhang, Hui, Ciarán E. Fealy, and John P. Kirwan. "Exercise training promotes a GDF15-associated reduction in fat mass in older adults with obesity." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 316, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): E829—E836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00439.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disease. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has shown promise as a weight loss agent for obesity in animal studies. In healthy lean humans, fasting plasma GDF15 increases after acute exercise. However, the role of GDF15 in human obesity and the response of plasma GDF15 to exercise training in patients with obesity is unknown. Here, 24 sedentary volunteers with obesity [age: 65 ± 1 yr; body mass index (BMI): 35.3 ± 0.9 kg/m2] participated in a supervised 12-wk aerobic exercise intervention: 1 h/day, 5 days/wk at ~85% maximum heart rate with controlled isocaloric diet. As a result, plasma GDF15 was significantly increased (PRE: 644.1 ± 42.6 pg/ml, POST: 704.4 ± 47.2 pg/ml, P < 0.01) after the exercise intervention. Inconsistent with animal models, ΔGDF15 was not correlated with change in weight, BMI, or resting energy expenditure. However, ΔGDF15 was correlated with a reduction in total fat mass ( P < 0.05), abdominal fat mass ( P < 0.05), and android fat mass ( P ≤ 0.05). Participants with a positive GDF15 response to exercise had increased total fat oxidation (PRE: 0.25 ± 0.05 mg·kg−1·min−1, POST: 0.43 ± 0.07 mg·kg−1·min−1, P ≤ 0.05), metabolic flexibility [PRE: −0.01 ± 0.01 delta respiratory quotient (RQ), POST: 0.06 ± 0.01 delta RQ, P < 0.001], and insulin sensitivity (PRE: 0.33 ± 0.01 QUICKI index, POST: 0.34 ± 0.01 QUICKI index, P < 0.01), suggesting a link between GDF15 and fat mass loss as well as exercise-induced metabolic improvement in humans with obesity. We conclude that the exercise-induced increase in plasma GDF15 and the association with reduced fat mass may indicate a role for GDF15 as a therapeutic target for human obesity.
46
Kerksick, Chad M., Michael D. Roberts, Bill I. Campbell, Melyn M. Galbreath, Lemuel W. Taylor, Colin D. Wilborn, Ashli Lee, et al. "Differential Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D on Body Composition Changes in Post-Menopausal Women Following a Restricted Energy Diet and Exercise Program." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 7, 2020): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030713.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin D and calcium supplementation have been posited to improve body composition and different formulations of calcium may impact bioavailability. However, data are lacking regarding the combinatorial effects of exercise, diet, and calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation on body composition changes in post-menopausal women. Herein, 128 post-menopausal women (51.3 ± 4.5 years, 36.4 ± 5.7 kg/m2, 46.2 ± 4.5% fat) were assigned to diet and supplement groups while participating in a supervised circuit-style resistance-training program (3 d/week) over a 14-week period. Diet groups included: (1) normal diet (CTL), (2) a low-calorie, higher protein diet (LCHP; 1600 kcal/day, 15% carbohydrates, 55% protein, 30% fat), and (3) a low-calorie, higher carbohydrate diet (LCHC; 1600 kcal/day, 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein, 30% fat). Supplement groups consisted of: (1) maltodextrin (PLA), (2) 800 mg/day of calcium carbonate (Ca), and (3) 800 mg/day of calcium citrate and malate and 400 IU/day of vitamin D (Ca+D). Fasting blood samples, body composition, resting energy expenditure, aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance measures were assessed. Data were analyzed by mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated measures and presented as mean change from baseline [95% CI]. Exercise training promoted significant improvements in strength, peak aerobic capacity, and blood lipids. Dieting resulted in greater losses of body mass (CTL −0.4 ± 2.4; LCHC −5.1 ± 4.2; LCHP −3.8 ± 4.2 kg) and fat mass (CTL −1.4 ± 1.8; LCHC −3.7 ± 3.7; LCHP −3.4 ± 3.4 kg). When compared to LCHC-PLA, the LCHC + Ca combination led to greater losses in body mass (PLA −4.1 [−6.1, −2.1], Ca −6.4 [−8.1, −4.7], Ca+D −4.4 [−6.4, −2.5] kg). In comparison to LCHC-Ca, the LCHC-Ca+D led to an improved maintenance of fat-free mass (PLA −0.3 [−1.4, 0.7], Ca −1.4 [−2.3, −0.5], Ca+D 0.4 [−0.6, 1.5] kg) and a greater loss of body fat (PLA −2.3 [−3.4, −1.1], Ca −1.3 [−2.3, −0.3], Ca+D −3.6 [−4.8, −2.5]%). Alternatively, no significant differences in weight loss or body composition resulted when adding Ca or Ca+D to the LCHP regimen in comparison to when PLA was added to the LCHP diet. When combined with an energy-restricted, higher carbohydrate diet, adding 800 mg of Ca carbonate stimulated greater body mass loss compared to when a PLA was added. Alternatively, adding Ca+D to the LCHC diet promoted greater% fat changes and attenuation of fat-free mass loss. Our results expand upon current literature regarding the impact of calcium supplementation with dieting and regular exercise. This data highlights that different forms of calcium in combination with an energy restricted, higher carbohydrate diet may trigger changes in body mass or body composition while no impact of calcium supplementation was observed when participants followed an energy restricted, higher protein diet.
47
Chen, Kong Y., Ranganath Muniyappa, Brent S. Abel, Katherine P. Mullins, Pamela Staker, Robert J. Brychta, Xiongce Zhao, et al. "RM-493, a Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) Agonist, Increases Resting Energy Expenditure in Obese Individuals." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 1639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-4024.
Full textAbstract:
Context: Activation of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) with the synthetic agonist RM-493 decreases body weight and increases energy expenditure (EE) in nonhuman primates. The effects of MC4R agonists on EE in humans have not been examined to date. Objective, Design, and Setting: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we examined the effects of the MC4R agonist RM-493 on resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese subjects in an inpatient setting. Study Participants and Methods: Twelve healthy adults (6 men and 6 women) with body mass index of 35.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2 (mean ± SD) received RM-493 (1 mg/24 h) or placebo by continuous subcutaneous infusion over 72 hours, followed immediately by crossover to the alternate treatment. All subjects received a weight-maintenance diet (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 20% protein) and performed 30 minutes of standardized exercise daily. Continuous EE was measured on the third treatment day in a room calorimeter, and REE in the fasting state was defined as the mean of 2 30-minute resting periods. Results: RM-493 increased REE vs placebo by 6.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.68–13.02%), on average by 111 kcal/24 h (95% confidence interval, 15–207 kcal, P = .03). Total daily EE trended higher, whereas the thermic effect of a test meal and exercise EE did not differ significantly. The 23-hour nonexercise respiratory quotient was lower during RM-493 treatment (0.833 ± 0.021 vs 0.848 ± 0.022, P = .02). No adverse effect on heart rate or blood pressure was observed. Conclusions: Short-term administration of the MC4R agonist RM-493 increases REE and shifts substrate oxidation to fat in obese individuals.
48
Reed, Jennifer L., Jessica L. Bowell, Brenna R. Hill, Brittany A. Williams, Mary Jane De Souza, and Nancy I. Williams. "Exercising women with menstrual disturbances consume low energy dense foods and beverages." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 3 (June 2011): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-030.
Full textAbstract:
Women with exercise-associated menstrual cycle disturbances (EAMD) restrict energy intake. Reducing energy density (ED; kcals·g–1of food or beverage) may be a strategy employed by EAMD women to maintain lower energy intake. The purpose of this study was 3-fold: to determine whether EAMD women consume low ED diets; to identify food groups associated with low ED; and to determine concentrations of total peptide YY (PYY), a satiety factor. Twenty-five active females were divided into 2 groups, according to menstrual status: EAMD (n = 12) and ovulatory controls (OV) (n = 13). Two 3-day diet records were analyzed for ED and other parameters. Body composition, fitness, resting metabolic rate, and PYY were measured. Groups did not differ in age, age of menarche, body mass index, maximal aerobic capacity, body fat (%), or amount of exercise per week. For fat mass (12.4 ± 1.7 vs. 14.9 ± 3.5 kg; p = 0.046), energy availability (28.8 ± 11.5 vs. 42.1 ± 9.2 kcal·kg–1FFM; p = 0.006), and energy intake (29.8 ± 9.2 vs. 36.3 ± 10.6 kcals·kg–1BW; p = 0.023), EAMD was lower than OV. ED was lower in EAMD than in OV (0.77 ± 0.06 vs. 1.06 ± 0.09 kcal·g–1; p = 0.018) when all beverages were included, but not when noncaloric beverages were excluded. Vegetable (p = 0.047) and condiment (p = 0.014) consumption and fasting PYY (pg·mL–1) (p = 0.006) were higher in EAMD. EAMD ate a lower ED diet through increased vegetable, condiment, and noncaloric beverage consumption, and exhibited higher PYY concentrations. These behaviors may represent a successful strategy to restrict calories and maximize satiety.
49
Zare, Ahmad, and Ishita Singh. "ODP208 Hypoglycemia as a Presenting Feature of McArdle's Disease." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.660.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction McArdle's disease (glycogen storage disease type V) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM). Characteristic symptoms include exercise intolerance, myalgia, muscle stiffness. Approximately half develop rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and renal failure. Hypoglycemia is an uncommon presenting symptom. Case report A 36-year-old male, previous college football athlete presented with jitteriness and blurry vision while exercising over the last one year. Symptoms occur 12-15 minutes into aerobic exercise. Fingerstick blood sugar during these episodes were as low as 30 mg/dl and afterwards the patient reported fatigue all day long. Consuming high carbohydrate foods and fluids supplemented with dextrose prior to exercise mitigate his symptoms. He reported no fasting hypoglycemia. Retrospectively, the patient reports that for years he noticed feeling fatigued a few minutes into starting exerice which improves after short periods of rest "second wind phenomenon." He can perform heavy resistance exercise like weightlifting but struggles with sustained aerobic activity. Past medical history is significant for HLA B27 positivity, alopecia areata and uveitis. Medications include multivitamin and creatine supplements. Physical exam revealed a healthy, well developed muscular individual with no other remarkable findings. Family history is significant for McArdle's disease in his brother, diagnosed at age 20 based on a muscle biopsy after multiple episodes of rhabdomyolysis. Grandfather had diabetes mellitus and pancreatic carcinoma. Labs revealed a creatine kinase (CK) level of 1638.7 U/L (49-397 U/L), CK-MB 49.1 ((0.1-5.9 ng/ml), 8 AM morning cortisol of 12.3 ug/dl (4.2-22.4 ug/dl), A1c 5.3%. There was no myoglobinuria. Thyroid function tests were within normal limits. Investigations done during an episode of exercise induced hypoglycemia - fingerstick blood sugar 44 mg/dl, plasma blood glucose 56 mg/dl(65-99 mg/dl), Insulin <0.5 mU/L(3-25mU/l), C-Peptide 0.5ng/ml(1.1-4.4ng/ml), Proinsulin 1.1 pmol/L(0-10. 0 pmol/L). Insulin autoantibody was negative. This ruled out exercise induced hyperinsulinemia. IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels were normal. Genetic study performed by the Glycogen Storage Disease Panel showed PYGM c.2262del (p. Lys754Asnfs*49), Pathogenic, PYGM c.1537A>G (p. Ile513Val), Uncertain Significance, PYGM c.833G>C (p. Arg278Pro), Uncertain Significance. Subsequently, the patient's brother underwent genetic testing, which confirmed the presence of all three before-mentioned PYGM variants. His father was found to carry the two variants of undetermined significance, suggesting that the patient and his brother inherited the pathogenic variant from their deceased mother. Discussion The patient's medical history, along with his personal and family's genetic findings were found to be consistent with McArdle's disease. Our patient's presentation is unique in that his exercise tolerance is much higher as compared to most individuals with McArdle's and his presenting complaint was hypoglycemia. Additionally, one of the variants of uncertain significance is likely to be recognized as pathogenic in the future. Presentation: No date and time listed
50
Piotrowska, Anna, Łukasz Tota, Tomasz Pałka, Natalia Totko-Borkusiewicz, Joanna Wyrostek, and Wanda Pilch. "The effects of a 12-week fitness training programme on changes in body composition and level of carbohydrate metabolism in middle-aged women." Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences 26, no. 77 (March 31, 2017): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7158.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. For metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, prophylaxis is the primary factor modulating the manifestation time of a full-blown disease. Regular physical activity has positive effects on physical fitness, it maintains or increases lean body mass, reduces body fat, and is extremely important: it regulates metabolic processes. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in somatic and glycemic indices of middle-aged women with subclinical glycemia after 12 weeks of health training in the form of aerobic exercises. Material and methods. 15 women (42.7±4.2 years) with documented fasting-state episodes of hyperglycemia and low physical activity were included in the study. The health training programme (aerobics Hi/Low) lasted 12 weeks, and the classes took place three times a week for 45 minutes. Participants were equipped with cardiac monitors and maintained an individually determined heart rate range (±4 BPM). During the fi rst 6 weeks, they exercised at the level of 70.0±1.8%, for the next 6 weeks, 80±2.9% HRmax. The day before and the day after the end of the training programme, body composition was measured and blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The results of glucose and insulin level tests were used to calculate HOMA%B (beta cell activity), HOMA%S (insulin sensitivity) and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance). Results and conclusion. Post-exercise changes included improvement in somatic indices: body mass decreased signifi cantly from 65.0±3.7 kg to 62.6±3.9 kg, and lean body mass increased from 45.0±1.1 kg to 46.7±1.9 kg. There was a signifi cant decrease in fat mass: from 20.0±2.7 kg to 15.9±3.3 kg. Each subject improved her BMI on average by one unit. In the area of changes in Indicators of glycemic control, there was signifi cant improvement in the level of fasting glucose and the HOMA-IR indicator (by an average of 0.41±0.10) and insulin level. HOMA%B and HOMA%S levels showed no signifi cant improvement. In terms of structure, duration and intensity, the proposed training programme can be an effective form of prevention of glycemic disorders for women in their fifties.