Academic literature on the topic 'Alternate day fasting and aerobic exercise'

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Journal articles on the topic "Alternate day fasting and aerobic exercise"

1

Dănciulescu Miulescu, Rucsandra, Denisa Margină, Roxana Corina Sfetea, Diana Păun, and Cătălina Poiană. "Effect of Aging and Exercise Training on Plasma Insulin Concentration." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2013-0033.

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Abstract Background and Aims. Previous studies have shown that aging is an important risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The beneficial effects of exercise on glucose metabolism are well known. Our goal was to examine whether physical activity improves insulin levels in older individuals. Material and Methods. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured in fasting state and 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in young lean, sedentary, non-diabetic subjects (n=34, age 25±2 years, body mass index- BMI 24.4±0.7 kg/m2) and older, lean, sedentary, non-diabetic subjects (n=36, age 75±3 years, BMI 24.8±0.4 kg/m2), before and after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. Training consisted of exercise (such as cycling or fast walking) 5 days/week for approximately 30 min/day. Results. Fasting plasma insulin and 2-h serum insulin levels at baseline were significantly higher in older than young subjects (11.6 μU/ml vs 10.0 μU/ml, p=0.0001, 46.3 μU/ml vs 34.0 μU/ml, p=0.0001). Fasting and 2h plasma insulin levels were reduced after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in older subjects, with no change in body weight. Conclusion. In our study the hyperinsulinemia associated with aging can be blunted significantly by aerobic exercise in older individuals independent of any changes in body composition
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2

Kullman, Emily L., Karen R. Kelly, Jacob M. Haus, Ciaran E. Fealy, Amanda R. Scelsi, Mangesh R. Pagadala, Chris A. Flask, Arthur J. McCullough, and John P. Kirwan. "Short-term aerobic exercise training improves gut peptide regulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease." Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 10 (May 15, 2016): 1159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00693.2015.

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Obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common chronic liver disease. Exercise and diet are uniformly prescribed treatments for NAFLD; however, there are limited empirical data on the effects of exercise training on metabolic function in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fasting and glucose-stimulated adaptation of gut peptides to short-term aerobic exercise training in patients with NAFLD. Twenty-two obese subjects, 16 with NAFLD [body mass index (BMI), 33.2 ± 1.1 (SE) kg/m2] and 6 obese controls (BMI, 31.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2), were enrolled in a supervised aerobic exercise program (60 min/day, 85% of their heart rate maximum, for 7 days). Fasting and glucose-stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-17-36) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYYTotal) concentrations in plasma were assessed before and after the exercise program. Initially, the NAFLD group had higher fasting PYY (NAFLD = 117 ± 18.6, control = 47.2 ± 6.4 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and GLP-1 (NAFLD = 12.4 ± 2.2, control = 6.2 ± 0.2 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and did not significantly increase GLP-1 or PYY in response to glucose ingestion. After the exercise program, fasting GLP-1 was reduced in the NAFLD group (10.7 ± 2.0 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Furthermore, exercise training led to significant increase in the acute (0–30 min) PYY and GLP-1 responses to glucose in the NAFLD group, while the total area under the glucose-stimulated GLP-1 response curve was reduced in both NAFLD and controls ( P < 0.05). In summary, 7 days of vigorous aerobic exercise normalized the dynamic PYY and GLP-1 responses to nutrient stimulation and reduced the GLP-1 response in NAFLD, suggesting that exercise positively modulates gut hormone regulation in obese adults with NAFLD.
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3

Bhutani, Surabhi, Monica C. Klempel, Cynthia M. Kroeger, J. F. Trepanowski, Shane A. Phillips, Edita Norkeviciute, and Krista A. Varady. "Alternate day fasting with or without exercise: Effects on endothelial function and adipokines in obese humans." e-SPEN Journal 8, no. 5 (October 2013): e205-e209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnme.2013.07.005.

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4

DeVan, Allison E., Iratxe Eskurza, Gary L. Pierce, Ashley E. Walker, Kristen L. Jablonski, Rachelle E. Kaplon, and Douglas R. Seals. "Regular aerobic exercise protects against impaired fasting plasma glucose-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging." Clinical Science 124, no. 5 (November 12, 2012): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20120291.

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In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction is exacerbated by IFG (impaired fasting plasma glucose) and that regular aerobic exercise prevents this effect. Data were analysed from a cohort of 131 non-smoking men and women without overt clinical disease. Compared with young adult controls (age=24±1 years, n=29; values are means±S.E.M.), brachial artery FMD (flow-mediated dilation), a measure of conduit artery EDD (endothelium-dependent dilation), was 33% lower [7.93±0.33 against 5.27±0.37%Δ (% change), P<0.05] in MA/O (middle-aged/older) adults with NFG (normal fasting plasma glucose) (≤99 mg/dl, 62±1 years, n=35). In MA/O adults with IFG (100–125 mg/dl, 64±1 years, n=28), FMD was 30% lower (3.37±0.35%Δ) than in their peers with NFG and 58% lower than young controls (P<0.05). Brachial artery FMD was greater (6.38±0.35%Δ) in MA/O adults with NFG who regularly performed aerobic exercise (>45 min/day for ≥5 days/week, 62±1 years, n=23) compared with their non-exercising peers and only slightly less than young controls (P<0.05). Most importantly, FMD was completely preserved in MA/O adults with IFG who regularly performed aerobic exercise (6.99±0.69%Δ, 65±1 years, n=16). In the pooled sample, fasting plasma glucose was inversely related to FMD (r=−0.42, P<0.01) and was the strongest independent predictor of FMD (R2=0.32). Group differences in FMD were not affected by other subject characteristics or brachial artery properties, including brachial artery dilation to sublingual NTG (nitroglycerine, i.e. endothelium-independent dilation). IFG exacerbates age-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction and this adverse effect is completely prevented in MA/O adults who regularly perform aerobic exercise.
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5

Hickey, M. S., J. A. Houmard, R. V. Considine, G. L. Tyndall, J. B. Midgette, K. E. Gavigan, M. L. Weidner, M. R. McCammon, R. G. Israel, and J. F. Caro. "Gender-dependent effects of exercise training on serum leptin levels in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 272, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): E562—E566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.4.e562.

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Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is elevated in obese humans and appears to be closely related to body fat content. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training on systemic leptin levels in humans. Eighteen sedentary middle-aged men (n = 9) and women (n = 9) who did not differ in aerobic capacity (29.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 27.5 +/- 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or insulin sensitivity index (3.41 +/- 1.12 vs. 4.88 +/- 0.55) were studied. Fat mass was significantly lower in females vs. males (21.83 +/- 2.25 vs. 26.99 +/- 2.37 kg, P < 0.05). Despite this, fasting serum leptin was significantly higher in the females vs. males (18.27 +/- 2.55 vs. 9.88 +/- 1.26 ng/ml, P < 0.05). Serum leptin concentration decreased 17.5% in females (P < 0.05) after 12 wk of aerobic exercise training (4 day/wk, 30-45 min/day) but was not significantly reduced in males. Fat mass was not altered after training in either group. In contrast, both aerobic capacity (+13% males, +9.1% females) and insulin sensitivity (+35% males, +82% females) were significantly improved subsequent to training. These data suggest that 1) women have higher circulating leptin concentrations despite lower fat mass and 2) exercise training appears to have a greater effect on systemic leptin levels in females than in males.
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6

Bellou, Elena, Faidon Magkos, Tonia Kouka, Eirini Bouchalaki, Dimitra Sklaveniti, Maria Maraki, Yiannis E. Tsekouras, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Stavros A. Kavouras, and Labros S. Sidossis. "Effect of high-intensity interval exercise on basal triglyceride metabolism in non-obese men." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 8 (August 2013): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0468.

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A single bout of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise has been shown to produce the same or greater metabolic benefits as continuous endurance exercise with considerably less energy expenditure, but whether this applies to very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism is not known. We sought to examine the effect of a single bout of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise on basal VLDL-triglyceride (TG) kinetics 14 and 48 h after exercise cessation to determine the acute and time-dependent effects of this type of exercise on VLDL-TG metabolism. Eight healthy sedentary men (age, 23.6 ± 6.1 years; body mass index, 23.1 ± 2.2 kg·m−2, peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), 36.3 ± 5.5 mL·kg−1·min−1) participated in three stable isotopically labeled tracer infusion studies: (i) 14 h and (ii) 48 h after a single bout of high-intensity aerobic interval exercise (60% and 90% of V̇O2peak in 4 min intervals for a total of 32 min; gross energy expenditure ∼500 kcal) and (iii) after an equivalent period of rest, in random order. Fasting plasma VLDL-TG concentration was 20% lower at 14 h (P = 0.046) but not at 48 h (P = 1.000) after exercise compared with the resting trial. VLDL-TG plasma clearance rate increased by 21% at 14 h (P < 0.001) but not at 48 h (P = 0.299) after exercise compared with rest, whereas hepatic VLDL-TG secretion rate was not different from rest at any time point after exercise. We conclude that high-intensity interval exercise reduces fasting plasma VLDL-TG concentrations in non-obese men the next day by augmenting VLDL-TG clearance, just like a single bout of continuous endurance exercise. This effect is short-lived and abolished by 48 h after exercise.
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7

Morales Febles, Raúl, Natalia Negrín Mena, Ana Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Laura Díaz Martín, Federico González Rinne, Domingo Marrero Miranda, Ana González Rinne, et al. "Exercise and Prediabetes after Renal Transplantation (EXPRED): Protocol Description." Nephron 145, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511320.

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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent and severe complication after renal transplantation. In fact, PTDM is a risk factor for both infection and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and incidence of PTDM have a bimodal evolution: early (up to 3 months) and late PTDM (beyond 12 months). The majority of late PTDM occurs in subjects with prediabetes after transplantation. So, treating patients with prediabetes, a potentially reversible condition, might help preventing PTDM. In the general population, exercise prevents the evolution from prediabetes to diabetes. However, in renal transplantation, not enough evidence is available in this field. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We designed an exploratory analysis to evaluate the feasibility of exercise to reverse prediabetes as a first step in the design of a trial to prevent PTDM. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Only patients with prediabetes beyond 12 months after transplantation with capacity to perform exercise will be included. Prediabetes will be diagnosed based on fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Patients will be treated with a stepped training intervention, starting with aerobic exercise training (brisk walking, swimming, and cycling) 5 times per week and 30 min/day. Aerobic exercise training will be gradually increased to 60 min/day or eventually combined with anaerobic exercise training in case of persistent prediabetes. The reversibility/persistence of prediabetes will be measured with fasting glucose and OGTTs every 3 months. This study will last for 12 months.
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8

Bhutani, S., M. C. Klempel, C. M. Kroeger, and K. A. Varady. "OP024 COMBINING ALTERNATE DAY FASTING WITH EXERCISE IMPROVES PLASMA LIPIDS AND LDL PARTICLE SIZE IN OBESE HUMANS." Clinical Nutrition Supplements 7, no. 1 (September 2012): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1744-1161(12)70025-x.

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9

Bock, Joshua M., Erika Iwamoto, Jeffrey G. Horak, Andrew J. Feider, Satoshi Hanada, and Darren P. Casey. "Aerobic exercise offsets endothelial dysfunction induced by repetitive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in young healthy men." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 319, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): R11—R18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00055.2020.

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Consumption of a single, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) impairs vascular endothelial function. Regular aerobic exercise improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation; however, it is unknown whether these beneficial effects persist with frequent SSB consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold; we studied the effects of repetitive SSB consumption (75 g d-glucose, 3 times/day) for 1 wk (Glu, n = 13, 23 ± 4 yr, 23.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2) on endothelium-dependent vasodilation (FMD). Then, in a separate cohort, we investigated whether 45 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on five separate days offset the hypothesized decrease in FMD during the Glu protocol (Glu+Ex, n = 11, 21 ± 3 yr, 23.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2). Baseline, fasting [glucose] ( P = 0.15), [insulin] ( P = 0.25), %FMD ( P = 0.48), absolute FMD ( P = 0.66), and shear rate area under the curve (SRAUC; P = 0.82) were similar between groups. Following the interventions, fasting [glucose] (Glu: 94 ± 6 to 92 ± 6 mg/dL, Glu+Ex: 89 ± 8 to 87 ± 6 mg/dL, P = 0.74) and [insulin] (Glu: 11.3 ± 6.2 to 11.8 ± 8.9 μU/mL, Glu+Ex: 8.7 ± 2.9 to 9.4 ± 3.2 μU/mL, P = 0.89) were unchanged. %FMD was reduced in Glu (6.1 ± 2.2 to 5.1 ± 1.3%) and increased in Glu+Ex (6.6 ± 2.2 to 7.8 ± 2.4%, P < 0.05 for both). SRAUC increased similarly in both Glu [17,715 ± 8,275 to 22,922 ± 4,808 arbitrary units (A.U.)] and Glu+Ex (18,216 ± 4,516 to 21,666 ± 5,392 A.U., main effect of time P < 0.05). When %FMD was adjusted for SRAUC, attenuation was observed in Glu (0.41 ± 0.18 to 0.23 ± 0.08%/s × 103, P < 0.05) but not Glu+Ex (0.38 ± 0.14 to 0.38 ± 0.13%/s × 103, P = 0.88). Despite unchanged fasting [glucose] and [insulin], repeated consumption of SSBs impaired conduit artery vascular endothelial function. Additionally, subjects who engaged in regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise did not demonstrate the same SSB-induced endothelial dysfunction. Collectively, these data suggest aerobic exercise may offset the deleterious effects of repetitive SSB consumption.
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10

Tsekouras, Yiannis E., Faidon Magkos, Konstantinos I. Prentzas, Konstantinos N. Basioukas, Stergoula G. Matsama, Amalia E. Yanni, Stavros A. Kavouras, and Labros S. Sidossis. "A single bout of whole-body resistance exercise augments basal VLDL-triacylglycerol removal from plasma in healthy untrained men." Clinical Science 116, no. 2 (December 15, 2008): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20080078.

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A single bout of prolonged aerobic exercise lowers plasma TAG (triacylglycerol) concentrations the next day by increasing the efficiency of VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein)-TAG removal from the circulation. The effect of resistance exercise on VLDL-TAG metabolism is not known. Therefore we evaluated VLDL-TAG kinetics by using stable isotope-labelled tracers in eight healthy untrained men (age, 25.3±0.8 years; body mass index, 24.5±0.6 kg/m2) in the post-absorptive state in the morning on two separate occasions: once after performing a single 90-min bout of strenuous isokinetic resistance exercise (three sets×ten repetitions, 12 exercises at 80% of maximum peak torque production, with a 2-min rest interval between exercises) on the preceding afternoon and once after an equivalent period of rest. Fasting plasma VLDL-TAG concentrations in the morning after exercise were significantly lower than in the morning after rest (0.23±0.04 compared with 0.33±0.06 mmol/l respectively; P=0.001). Hepatic VLDL-TAG secretion rate was not different (P=0.31), but plasma clearance rate of VLDL-TAG was significantly higher (by 26±8%) after exercise than rest (31±3 compared with 25±3 ml/min respectively; P=0.004), and the mean residence time of VLDL-TAG in the circulation was significantly shorter (113±10 compared with 144±18 min respectively; P=0.02). Fasting plasma NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid; ‘free’ fatty acid) and serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were both significantly higher after exercise than rest (P<0.05), whereas plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were not different (P>0.30). We conclude that, in healthy untrained men, a single bout of whole-body resistance exercise lowers fasting plasma VLDL-TAG concentrations by augmenting VLDL-TAG removal from plasma. The effect appears to be qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that reported previously for aerobic exercise.
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