Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alternaria

Academic literature on the topic 'Alternaria'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Alternaria"

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Huerva, Valentín, and Jordi Soldevila. "Alternaria alternata keratitis." Medicina Clínica (English Edition) 149, no. 10 (November 2017): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2017.10.013.

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AlMatar, Manaf, Isıl Var, and Fatih Koksal. "How Does Alternaria alternata-Derived Alternariol Affect Our Health?" Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 13, no. 6 (January 11, 2017): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x13666161027125015.

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Haggblom, P. "De novo Synthesis of Alternariol in Conidia of Alternaria alternata." Microbiology 133, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 3527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-133-12-3527.

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Nira, Sayma T., Md Farhad Hossain, Nur Uddin Mahmud, Oliul Hassan, Md Tofazzal Islam, and Abdul M. Akanda. "Alternaria leaf spot of broccoli caused by Alternaria alternata in Bangladesh." Plant Protection Science 58, No. 1 (December 17, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/44/2020-pps.

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This study aimed to isolate and characterise the pathogen associated with Alternaria leaf spot on broccoli and to evaluate the inhibitory effects of fungicides against it. We isolated and identified the fungal pathogen as Alternaria sp. using morphological and cultural methods. Based on the aligned sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and molecular phylogenetic analysis by the neighbour-joining method, the isolates (Ab1 and Ab2) were confirmed as Alternaria alternata. The conidia of the isolates were dark brown, cylindrical, obclavate to muriform. The conidiophores were olivaceous brown, septate, and branched. The conidial morphology of the isolates ranged from 52.4–92.4 × 10–20 μm with 2–6 transverse and 0–3 longitudinal septa. Both isolates yielded positive results in the pathogenicity test on broccoli leaves by developing brown and circular spots with concentric rings on the leaves surrounded by yellow halos. The culture studies revealed that the maximum growth of the pathogen was obtained at 30 °C and pH 6.0. Tilt 250 WC showed the highest potential in suppressing the mycelial growth of the A. alternata in vitro at a concentration as low as 50 µg/mL. The results from this study contributed to the positive identification of the pathogen and characterised A. alternata as a destructive pathogen of broccoli which may be successfully controlled by the fungicide Tilt.
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Huerva, Valentín, and Jordi Soldevila. "Queratitis por Alternaria alternata." Medicina Clínica 149, no. 10 (November 2017): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2017.05.017.

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Ostry, V. "Alternaria mycotoxins: an overview of chemical characterization, producers, toxicity, analysis and occurrence in foodstuffs." World Mycotoxin Journal 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.x013.

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Microfungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous pathogens and saprophytes. Many species of the genus Alternaria commonly cause spoilage of various food crops in the field or post-harvest decay. Due to their growth even at low temperatures, they are also responsible for spoilage of these commodities during refrigerated transport and storage. Several Alternaria species are known producers of toxic secondary metabolites - Alternaria mycotoxins. A. alternata produces a number of mycotoxins, including alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, altertoxins I, II, III, tenuazonic acid and other less toxic metabolites. Tenuazonic acid is toxic to several animal species, e.g. mice, chicken, dogs. Alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene and altertoxin I are not very acutely toxic. There are several reports on the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of alternariol, and alternariol monomethyl ether. Alternariol has been identified as a topoisomerase I and II poison which might contribute to the impairment of DNA integrity in human colon carcinoma cells. Analytical methods to determine Alternaria toxins are largely based on procedures, involving cleanup by solvent partitioning or solid phase extraction, followed by chromatographic separation techniques, in combination with ultraviolet, fluorescence, electrochemical and mass spectroscopic detection. A large number of Alternaria metabolites has been reported to occur naturally in food commodities (e.g. fruit, vegetables, cereals and oil plants). Alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether and tenuazonic acid were frequently detected in apples, apple products, mandarins, olives, pepper, red pepper, tomatoes, tomato products, oilseed rape meal, sunflower seeds, sorghum, wheat and edible oils. Alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether were detected in citrus fruit, Japanese pears, prune nectar, raspberries, red currant, carrots, barley and oats. Alternariol monomethyl ether and tenuazonic acid were detected in melon. Natural occurrence of alternariol has been reported in apple juice, cranberry juice, grape juice, prune nectar, raspberry juice, red wine and lentils.
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DURSUN, Özer, Mustafa VATANSEVER, Erdem DİNÇ, F. Merve BOZKURT, Ayşe Ayça SARI, and Ufuk ADIGÜZEL. "A Case of Alternaria Alternata Keratitis." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 26, no. 3 (2017): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2015-48470.

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Andersen, Birgitte, and Ulf Thrane. "Differentiation of Altemaria infectoria and Alternaria alternata based on morphology, metabolite profiles, and cultural characteristics." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-093.

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Some small-spored species belonging to the genus Alternaria Nees have been studied according to their chemical, morphological, and cultural characteristics. A data matrix was constructed based on a combination of characters. Cluster analysis of the combined data set showed good resolution of two groups of small-spored Alternaria: the Alternaria infectoria group and the Alternaria alternata group. Isolates in the A. infectoria group produced only unique metabolites of unknown identity, whereas all isolates in the A. alternata group produced alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the A. alternata group and A. infectoria group each could be subdivided into three groups. The colour of fungal colonies on dichloran rose bengal yeast extract sucrose agar was another useful character to differentiate between the A. infectoria and A. alternata groups.Key words: Alternaria infectoria, Alternaria alternata, secondary metabolites, cluster analysis.
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AZCARATE, M. P., A. PATRIARCA, L. TERMINIELLO, and V. FERNÁNDEZ PINTO. "Alternaria Toxins in Wheat during the 2004 to 2005 Argentinean Harvest." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.6.1262.

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The natural occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in Argentinean wheat from the zone 5 South during the 2004 to 2005 harvest was investigated in 64 wheat samples. All samples were highly contaminated with a wide range of fungal species. Alternaria was found as the main component of the mycota, with an infection percentage of 100%. Three mycotoxins produced by species of Alternaria were determined in wheat: alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, and tenuazonic acid. Alternariol was detected in 4 (6%) of 64 samples, with a range of 645 to 1,388 μg/kg (mean of 1,054 μg/kg); alternariol monomethyl ether, with a range of 566 to 7,451 μg/kg (mean of 2,118 μg/kg) in 15 (23%) of 64 samples; and tenuazonic acid in 12 (19%) of 64 samples, with a range of 1,001 to 8,814 μg/kg (mean, 2,313 μg/kg). Alternariol monomethyl ether was the predominant toxin, but tenuazonic acid was detected in higher concentrations. Alternariol was present in fewer samples and in lower levels than were the other toxins. Tenuazonic acid and alternariol monomethyl ether occurred together in four samples, while tenuazonic acid and alternariol co-occurred in one sample. This the first report of the natural occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in Argentinean wheat. Toxin levels were high, probably due to the heavy infection with Alternaria species found in the samples.
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Abdou, Randa, Gouda H. Attia, Mariam Mojally, Mohamed Dawoud, and Mostafa E. Rateb. "Bioguided Isolation of Alternariol Derivatives from Ficus-derived Endophyte Alternaria alternata." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 56, no. 2 (March 16, 2022): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.56.2.71.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alternaria"

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Grover, Shivani. "The Role of the Alternaria Secondary Metabolite Alternariol in Inflammation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78310.

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Allergic inflammatory disorders of the airway like asthma and atopic asthma are complex, often long-term diseases that generate large public health and socioeconomic footprints especially in developed countries like US, UK and Australia. In 2009, approximately 8.2%, 24.6 million people in United States were affected by asthma. Currently 235 million people are affected by asthma worldwide and about 90% of those have allergic (atopic) asthma. An important factor in patients with allergic respiratory tract diseases is sensitization to fungi. Other risk factors for asthma include inhaled allergens that irritate the airways. Up to 70% of mold allergic patients have skin test reactivity to Alternaria. Alta1, an allergen produced by A. alternata also produces a prolonged and intense IgE mediated reaction in sensitized patients. Therefore A. alternata is not only a risk factor in development of asthma but also can lead to exacerbation of severe and potentially lethal asthma than any other fungus. Despite the well-documented clinical importance of Alternaria in allergic airway diseases, little knowledge exists about the role of individual fungal genes and gene products in theses pathological states besides a small repertoire of allergens and proteolytic enzymes. Moreover, the importance of small, secreted molecules of fungal origin has not been explored whatsoever in regards to immune responses triggered by Alternaria. This study addresses the hypothesis that Alternaria derived small molecule's have immune modulatory properties. A major thrust of this project was to assess the role of Alternaria secondary metabolites that are synthesized by genes called polyketide synthases (PKS) in immune responses of lung epithelial cells.
Master of Science
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Pedroso, Daniele Cardoso. "Associação de alternaria spp. com sementes de apiáceas: métodos de inoculação e influência na qualidade fisiológica." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4985.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiologic quality of carrot seeds, cilantro and parsley, associated with Alternaria alternata and A. dauci under two inoculation methods, conidial suspension and restriction hidric. The isolated of A. dauci and A. alternata were obtained, respectively, of carrot plants with symptom of the disease and of seeds of each one of the species, submitted to an initial test of sanity (Blotter Test). The inoculation treatments for suspension consisted in: testifies (distilled water and sterilized), conidial suspension of A. alternata, conidial suspension of A. dauci and conidial suspension of both species (A. alternata + A. dauci). Para restriction hidric: PDA + manitol (testifies); PDA + manitol + A. alternata; PDA + manitol + A. dauci; PDA + manitol + A.alternata + A.dauci. The physiologic quality of the seeds was evaluated by a group of tests accomplished in controlled conditions of laboratory and green house. The quality of carrot seeds, cilantro and parsley is influence by the association with it would Alternaria alternata and A. dauci. The use of the inoculation of seeds through the conidial suspension is efficient in the contamination of carrot seeds for A. alternata and A. dauci. The use of the manitol, as a restritor hidric, is effective for the obtaining of seeds infected by A. dauci in the culture of the parsley. Already for cilantro seeds, both methods demonstrated satisfactory levels of infection.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cenoura, coentro e salsa, associadas com Alternaria alternata e A. dauci, sob dois métodos de inoculação, suspensão de conídios e restrição hídrica. Os isolados de A. dauci e A. alternata foram obtidos, respectivamente, de plantas de cenoura com sintomas da doença e de sementes de cada uma das espécies, submetidas a um teste inicial de sanidade (Blotter Test). Os tratamentos de inoculação para suspensão consistiram em: tratamento testemunha (água destilada e esterilizada), suspensão de conídios de A. alternata, suspensão de conídios de A. dauci e suspensão de conídios de ambas as espécies (A. alternata + A. dauci). Para restrição hídrica: BDA + manitol (tratamento testemunha); BDA + manitol + A. alternata; BDA + manitol + A. dauci; BDA + manitol + A.alternata + A.dauci. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada por um conjunto de testes realizados em condições controladas de laboratório e em casa de vegetação. A qualidade das sementes de cenoura, coentro e salsa é prejudicada pela associação com Alternaria alternata e A. dauci. A utilização da inoculação de sementes através da suspensão de conídios é eficiente na contaminação de sementes de cenoura por A. alternata e A. dauci. A utilização do manitol, como um restritor hídrico, é eficaz para a obtenção de sementes infectadas por A. dauci na cultura da salsa. Para sementes de coentro, ambos os métodos demonstram níveis satisfatórios de infecção.
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Braghini, Raquel. "Efeitos da radiação gama no fungo Alternaria alternata e nas micotoxinas alternariol e alternariol monometil éter em amostras de cereais artificialmente contaminadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-29102009-112842/.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de radiação gama no crescimento de Alternaria alternata e na produção das toxinas Alternariol (AOH) e Alternariol Monometil Éter (AME), em amostras de cereais. Como resultado, nos grãos de arroz e nas sementes girassol observou-se diminuição do número de UFC/g, proporcionalmente à dose de radiação utilizada. Nos grãos de trigo e milho, o aumento da dose, resultou-lhes aumento das UFC/g. A análise micotoxicológica revelou, nos grãos de trigo e sementes de girassol, menor produção de AOH. Já nos grãos de arroz e milho, o grupo irradiado com 5 kGy, foi o que mais produziu AOH. Resultado semelhante foi constatado em relação à produção de AME. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura possibilitou a visualização de alterações estruturais provocadas pelas diferentes doses de radiação gama. A análise dos padrões das toxinas AOH e AME irradiados, não sofreu alterações.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different gamma irradiation doses on the growth of Alternaria alternata and on production of mycotoxins Alternariol (AOH) and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether (AME) in cereal samples. The results showed a significant reduction in the number of CFU/g in rice grains and sunflower seeds, which were proportional to radiation dose used. However, in corn and wheat grains was observed an increase in the number of CFU/g with the increase of gamma irradiation. The radiation doses used resulted in a reduction of AOH levels. In rice and corn grains, the production of AOH was highest in the group irradiated with 5 kGy. Similar result was obtained with relation to AME. Scanning electron microscopy made it possible to visualize structural alterations on A. alternata induced by the different g-radiation doses used. Analysis of irradiated AOH and AME toxins standards didn´t show any alteration comparing to the control group.
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Souza, Ariane do Carmo. "Controle biológico de Alternaria alternata, agente causal da mancha marrom de alternaria, por Bacillus SPP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10473.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata f sp. citri, causes large economic damages in tangor Murcott (Citrus sinensis Osbeck x Citrus reticulata [L.] Blanco). Its control is carried out through the spraying of agrochemicals, implying up to 15 pulverizations per year, which causes an increase in the production costs of the cultures and damages to the environment. As an alternative, the use of microorganisms, in particular Bacillus spp., has been used to diseases’ control. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the viability of Bacillus spp in in vitro and in vivo conditions. The methodologies were based on the interactions between biological control agents (Bacillus spp.) and the phytopathogen A. alternata, evaluated by the paired culture technique, by the production of volatile, thermostable and cell-free metabolites by different Bacillus spp. isolates. The molecular identification of the isolates tested and the efficacy of bacterial isolates were evaluated in leaves and plants under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that most of the isolates affected the development of phytopathogen and produced some types of metabolite, being antibiosis one of the probable mechanisms of action of the bacterium. The isolates ACB-01, ACB-07, ACB-08, ACB-18 and ACB-57 presented potential for disease control of A. alternata.
A mancha marrom de alternaria, causada por Alternaria alternata f sp. citri, causa grandes danos econômicos em tangor Murcott (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck x Citrus reticulata [L.] Blanco). Seu controle é realizado através de pulverizações com agroquímicos, implicando em até 15 pulverizações por ano, o que acarreta em aumento no custo de produção da cultura e prejuízos ao meio ambiente. Como alternativa, o uso de microrganismos, em particular, as bactérias do gênero Bacillus spp., têm sido empregadas para o controle de doenças. Portanto, esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar em condições in vitro e in vivo a viabilidade de 47 isolados de Bacillus spp. para o controle da doença. As metodologias foram embasadas nas interações entre agentes de controle biológico (Bacillus spp.) e o fitopatógeno A. alternata avaliadas pela técnica de cultivo pareado, pela produção de metabólitos voláteis, termoestáveis e livre de células por diferentes isolados de Bacillus spp.. Realizou-se, ainda, a identificação molecular dos isolados testados e a eficácia dos isolados da bactéria em folhas destacadas e em plantas, sob condições de casa de vegetação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a maioria dos isolados afetou o desenvolvimento do fitopatógeno e produziram algum tipo de metabólito, sendo, a antibiose um dos prováveis mecanismos de ação da bactéria. Os isolados ACB-01, ACB-07, ACB-08, ACB-18 e ACB-57 apresentaram potencial para o biocontrole de A. alternata.
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Vélez, Heriberto. "Alternaria alternata mannitol metabolism in plant-pathogen interactions." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12282005-171313/.

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Mannitol is purported to have role in fungi as a storage carbohydrate and has been shown to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in vitro and in vivo. Mannitol metabolism in fungi is thought to occur through the mannitol cycle, which was proposed in the late 1970?s from studies of cell free extracts of the fungus Alternaria alternata. In this cycle, mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (MPDH; EC 1.1.1.17) reduces fructose 6-phosphate into mannitol 1-phosphate, which is dephosphorylated by a mannitol 1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.22) resulting in mannitol and inorganic phosphate. Mannitol also can be made through the enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase (MtDH; EC 1.1.1.138), which reduces fructose to mannitol. Here we report confirmation of these enzymes in the fungus A. alternata, the isolation of the genes, and the generation of strains mutated in MPDH, MtDH, or both genes. PCR confirmed gene replacement and enzyme assays using these mutants showed no activity for MtDH or MPDH. GC-MS analysis showed that double mutants did not produce mannitol, while single mutants had reduced mannitol production. Mannitol, as a quencher of ROS, may also have a role in host-pathogen interactions, by allowing the fungus to suppress ROS-mediated plant defense responses. To assess the contribution of mannitol in plant-pathogen interactions, wild type, single and double mutants were used in pathogenicity assays on tobacco plants. Severity of lesions caused by the MtDH disruptant was not significantly different from that of the wild type. By contrast, the MPDH disruptant and the double mutant caused significantly less disease. Microscopy analysis and histochemical staining for H2O2 showed that both the wild type strain and the double mutant were able to germinate, produced appressoria, and elicited a defense response from the host. Quantitative PCR studies showed that genes for both enzymes were upregulated in the presence of tobacco extracts, with MPDH having a stronger response. We conclude that mannitol biosynthesis is required for pathogenesis of A. alternata on tobacco, but is not required for normal spore germination either in vitro or in planta or for initial infection.
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Colturato, Adimara Bentivoglio 1981. "Efeito do meio de cultura, temperatura, fotoperíodo e fungicidas no crescimento micelial e no controle de Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, causador da mancha marrom do tangor murcote /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97159.

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Resumo: A mancha marrom de alternaria, causada pela Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, afeta o tangor murcote causando lesões em folhas, ramos e frutos, acarretando em desfolha e manchas que depreciam o fruto comercialmente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar o efeito do meio de cultura no isolamento, da temperatura e do fotoperíodo no crescimento micelial do patógeno, avaliar a sensibilidade do patógeno à fungicidas in vitro e estabelecer o melhor produto e dose para o controle da doença no campo. As avaliações laboratoriais constaram de avaliações de crescimento micelial, medição do tamanho de conídios, concentração de conídos/mL e avaliação de meios de culturas para isolamento do patógeno. Os resultados do teste in vitro mostraram que os ingredientes ativos trifloxystrobin, iprodione, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + propiconazole e trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole inibiram completamente o crescimento micelial do patógeno. No ensaio de campo todos os tratamento foram superiores a testemunha quanto a produtividade. Concluindo que o controle da doença é recomendado independente do produto utilizado. Entre os produtos utilizados o tratamento com trifloxystrobin + propiconazole foi rentável comparando-se custo e produtividade.
Abstract: The brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, affects the Murcott tangor causing lesions in leaves, branches and fruits, defoliation and depreciating the fruit commercially. The objectives of this work went to determine the influence of temperature, media culture and sensibility several fungicides and rates in vitro and in the field. The results showed that: In in vitro test the ingredients active trifloxystrobin, iprodione, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + propiconazole and trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole inhibited the micelial growth of the pathogen completely. In the field all fungicides treatments were effectives with productivity. Among the used products the treatment trifloxystrobin + propiconazole was profitable being compared cost and productivity.
Orientador: Edson Luiz Furtado
Coorientador: Wilson Story Venâncio
Banca: Nilton Luiz de Souza
Banca: Maristella Dalla Pria
Mestre
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Colturato, Adimara Bentivoglio [UNESP]. "Efeito do meio de cultura, temperatura, fotoperíodo e fungicidas no crescimento micelial e no controle de Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, causador da mancha marrom do tangor murcote." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97159.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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A mancha marrom de alternaria, causada pela Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, afeta o tangor murcote causando lesões em folhas, ramos e frutos, acarretando em desfolha e manchas que depreciam o fruto comercialmente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar o efeito do meio de cultura no isolamento, da temperatura e do fotoperíodo no crescimento micelial do patógeno, avaliar a sensibilidade do patógeno à fungicidas in vitro e estabelecer o melhor produto e dose para o controle da doença no campo. As avaliações laboratoriais constaram de avaliações de crescimento micelial, medição do tamanho de conídios, concentração de conídos/mL e avaliação de meios de culturas para isolamento do patógeno. Os resultados do teste in vitro mostraram que os ingredientes ativos trifloxystrobin, iprodione, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + propiconazole e trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole inibiram completamente o crescimento micelial do patógeno. No ensaio de campo todos os tratamento foram superiores a testemunha quanto a produtividade. Concluindo que o controle da doença é recomendado independente do produto utilizado. Entre os produtos utilizados o tratamento com trifloxystrobin + propiconazole foi rentável comparando-se custo e produtividade.
The brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri, affects the Murcott tangor causing lesions in leaves, branches and fruits, defoliation and depreciating the fruit commercially. The objectives of this work went to determine the influence of temperature, media culture and sensibility several fungicides and rates in vitro and in the field. The results showed that: In in vitro test the ingredients active trifloxystrobin, iprodione, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + propiconazole and trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole inhibited the micelial growth of the pathogen completely. In the field all fungicides treatments were effectives with productivity. Among the used products the treatment trifloxystrobin + propiconazole was profitable being compared cost and productivity.
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Armitage, Andrew D. "Alternaria alternata leaf spot pathogens : genetics, evolutionary history and diagnostics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/62072/.

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The primary objective of this study was to characterise the Alternaria alternata species group. Particular focus was put on understanding the pathogens Alternaria mali and Alternaria gaisen, responsible for leaf spot diseases of apple and pear and of phytosanitary importance in Europe. Understanding evolutionary relationships is important in defining the genetic and biological characteristics associated with plant pathogens in this species group. This will inform management strategies and facilitate the development of reliable detection tools for important plant diseases. Evolutionary relationships within the A. alternata species group were established using a phylogenetic approach based on functional genes. Highly variable loci (endoPG, Alta1, L152 and three novel loci) identified three major lineages within the A. alternata which were supported by isolate morphology. These were considered to represent subspecies within A. alternata. The presence of toxin-synthesis genes, required for the production of host-selective toxins (HSTs) in apple and pear pathotypes, was established within A. alternata isolates. Isolates carrying apple HST-genes were only present in ssp. tenuissima, while isolates carrying pear HST-genes were present in ssp. gaisen. Virulence assays showed that apple HST-genes are required for pathogenicity on apple leaf. The presence of different mating type genes in isolates was used to assess evidence for recombination within the A. alternata species group. Distribution of mating type idiomorphs indicated that recombination must have occurred in this putatively asexual species. Analysis of whole genome sequence data indicated that A. alternata possesses the genes required for meiotic recombination, supporting a theory of recombination and possible sexuality within this group. This work provides insight into the evolution and causal agents of A. alternata plant diseases. Furthermore, whole genome sequencing data was generated during the course of this study and represents valuable genetic resource that can be used for future research, including development of pathotype-specific molecular markers.
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Stuart, Rodrigo Makowiecky 1980. "Análise da interação entre citros e alternaria alternata patótipo tangerina." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317070.

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Orientador: Marcos Antonio Machado
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O patótipo tangerina do fungo Alternaria alternata produz a toxina hospedeiro específica ACT que afeta tangerinas e seus híbridos e causa a doença conhecida como mancha marrom de alternaria (MMA). A toxina ACT causa necrose em plantas susceptíveis, afetando ramos, folhas novas e frutos. Os sintomas incluem pontos marrons a negros circundados por um halo amarelado. Laranjas doces eram consideradas resistentes à doença uma vez que MMA nunca havia sido descrita no campo. Foi demonstrado que uma linhagem do fungo A. alternata produtor de toxina ACT é capaz de penetrar e colonizar de forma assintomática folhas de laranja 'Pera' sem perder a capacidade de causar necrose em genótipos susceptíveis. Microscopia óptica, inoculação e isolamento de A. alternata em plantas de laranja doce seguida pela inoculação cruzada em folhas susceptíveis de tangor 'Murcott', em adição a detecção por PCR do fungo em folhas assintomáticas de laranja doce no campo confirmam que laranja 'Pera' atua como hospedeiro assintomático do patógeno. A análise de genes (RT-qPCR) e proteínas (2DE) expressas durante a infecção com o fungo demonstrou que diferentes vias de sinalização foram ativadas em plantas de citros em resposta a A. alternata. Durante a resistência plantas responderam ativando as vias de sinalização mediadas por etileno e ácido jasmônico, as quais estão tipicamente envolvidas na defesa de plantas contra microrganismos necrotróficos. Aparentemente a produção de etileno também é requerida durante a susceptibilidade. Genes envolvidos na síntese de etileno aparecem induzidos durante a infecção e desenvolvimento de sintomas. Durante a infecção assintomática as plantas cítricas ativaram genes e proteínas associadas à síntese de fenilpropanóides, indicando o possível papel destes em plantas de laranja
Abstract: The tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata produces the host-specific ACT-toxin that affects mandarins and their hybrids and causes the disease known as Alternaria brown spot (ABS). ACT-toxin causes necrosis in susceptible plants, and the disease affects twigs, young leaves and fruits. The symptoms include brown to black necrotic spots that are surrounded by a yellow halo. Sweet oranges were considered resistant to the disease since ABS symptoms have never been reported in the field. It was demonstrated that an ACT-toxin-producing strain of A. alternata is able to penetrate and colonize Pera sweet orange leaves asymptomatically without losing its ability to cause necrosis on susceptible genotypes. Light microscopy, inoculation and recovery of A. alternata from sweet orange leaves followed by subsequent cross-inoculation in susceptible leaves of Murcott tangor and PCR detection of the fungus in sweet orange symptomless leaves collected in the field confirmed that Pera sweet orange may act as an asymptomatic host for the pathogen. The analysis of genes (RT-qPCR) and proteins (2DE) expressed during fungal infection demonstrated that different signaling pathways were activated in citrus plants in response to A. alternata. During resistance, plants respond activating ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling pathways which are typically involved in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens. Apparently the production of ethylene is also required during susceptibility. Genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis appear to be induced during infection and symptoms development. During asymptomatic infection, citrus plants activate genes and proteins associated to phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, indicating their possible role in sweet orange plants response to the disease
Doutorado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Barros, Tullio Henrique Cano de Haro. "Avaliação antimicrobiana de derivados anfifílicos de quitosana : estudo in vitro contra os fungos Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata e Penicillium expansum /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154507.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo a síntese e caracterização de dietilaminoetilquitosana (QHdDEAE) e dodecil-dietilaminoetil-quitosana (QHdDEAEDOD) de baixa massa molar (Mw), para avaliar suas atividades antifúngicas contra os fungos Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata e Penicilliun expansum, que provoca um grande impacto na produção e preservação de alimentos processados e minimamente processados. Os derivados de baixa massa molar (Mw) foram obtidos por reação de degradação de quitosana desacetilada com nitrito de sódio, seguido pela inserção de grupos DEAE e Dodecil na estrutura do polímero. O grau de desacetilação (DD) e de substituição (DS) por grupos dietilaminoetil (DEAE) e dodecil foram determinados usando ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN-H) e caracterizados por infravermelho (IR). O grau de desacetilação e o grau de substituição por grupos DEAE foram de 94,8% 39,8%, respectivamente. Os derivados hidrofóbicos obtidos foram substituídos com 15% e 39,8% de grupos dodecil, conforme determinado por RMN-H. As massas molares foram determinadas usando Cromatografia de Permeação em Gel (GPC) e um Mw de 9,2 kDa foi obtido para quitosana desacetilada degradada. Ensaios in vitro contra os fungos Alternaria alternata, Peninicillium expansum e Alternaria solani foram realizados. Na concentração de 0,5g.L-1, QHdDEAEDOD e QHdDEAE foram mais eficazes que as quitosanas comercial e desacetilada e apresentaram inibições de 80% contra Alternaria alternata e Alternaria solani. A quitosana deacetilada degradada foi mais eficiente na inibição do crescimento fúngico de Penicillium expansum e para 0,5 g.L-1 atingiu cerca de 80% de inibição. Todos os derivados apresentaram viabilidade celular superior a 70% em células 3T3, demonstrando uma boa citocompatibilidade e potencial para aplicações na conservação de alimentos
This study aimed at the synthesis and characterization of Diethylaminoethyl-Chitosan (QHdDEAE) and Dodecyl-Diethylaminoethyl-Chitosan (QHdDEAEDOD) of low molar mass(Mw), to evaluate their antifungal activities against the fungi Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata and Penicilliun expansum, which causes a great impact on the production and preservation of processed and minimally processed foods. The low Mw derivatives were obtained by degradation reaction with sodium nitrite, followed by the insertion of DEAE and Dodecyl groups on the polymer backbone. The degrees of deacetylation (DD) and substitution (DS) for DEAE and Dodecyl groups were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen (¹H-NMR) and characterized by FTIR. The degree of deacetylation and degree of substitution by DEAE gropus were 94,8% 39,8%, respectively. The obtained hydrophobicized derivatives were substituted with 15% and 39,8% of dodecyl groups as evaluated by ¹H-NMR. The molar masses were determined by using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and a Mw of 9,2kDa was obtained for deacetylated chitosan. In vitro assays against the fungi Alternaria alternata, Peninicillium expansum and Alternaria solani. At the concentration of 0.5 g.L-1 both, QHdDEAEDOD and QHdDEAE were more effective than commercial and deacetylated chitosans and exhibited inhibitions of 80% against Alternaria alternata and Alternaria solani. Degraded deacetylated chitosan was more efficient in inhibiting the fungal growth of Penicillium expansum and for 0.5 g.L-1 reached around 80% of inhibition. All the derivatives presented cell viabilities higher 70% on 3T3 demonstrated a good cytocompatibility and potential for applications in food preservation.
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Books on the topic "Alternaria"

1

Elaraki, Abdelrhafour. Alternaria: Roman. Casablanca: Editions Le Fennec, 1998.

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Rotem, Joseph. The genus Alternaria: Biology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity. St. Paul, Minn: APS Press, 1994.

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Verma, P. R. Monograph on alternaria diseases of crucifers. Saskatoon, Sask: Saskatoon Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1994.

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J, Chełkowski, and Visconti A, eds. Alternaria: Biology, plant diseases, and metabolites. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.

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James, Robert L. Pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata on young Douglas-fir and Engelmann spruce germlings. Missoula, Mont: USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, 1987.

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Tylkowska, Krystyna. Alternaria radicina M.D.etE. w materiale siewnym marchwi. Poznań: Wydawn. Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu, 1991.

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Singh Saharan, Govind, Naresh Mehta, and Prabhu Dayal Meena. Alternaria Diseases of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0021-8.

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Caputo, Dante. Frepaso: Alternancia o alternativa. Bs.As. [i.e. Buenos Aires]: Corregidor, 1996.

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Hübner, Elke. Untersuchungen zum Gehalt von Thiamin und seinen Derivaten im Pansensaft des Rindes nach Verfütterung von mit Alternaria alternata verpilztem Heu (in vitro). [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2001.

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John, Anthony Edward. Mycotoxins in sorghum grain: With particular reference to the toxic metabolites of Alternaria species. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Polytechnic, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alternaria"

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Rodríguez, Alicia, Andrea Patriarca, Mar Rodríguez, María Jesús Andrade, and Juan José Córdoba. "Alternaria." In Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 441–54. Boca Raton : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Food microbiology series: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120089-30.

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Bräse, Stefan, Franziska Gläser, Carsten S. Kramer, Stephanie Lindner, Anna M. Linsenmeier, Kye-Simeon Masters, Anne C. Meister, Bettina M. Ruff, and Sabilla Zhong. "Alternaria Metabolites." In The Chemistry of Mycotoxins, 127–37. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1312-7_11.

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Breitenbach, M., and B. Simon-Nobbe. "The Allergens of Cladosporium herbarum and Alternaria alternata." In Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity, 48–72. Basel: KARGER, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000058862.

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Achatz, Gernot, Hannes Oberkofler, Erich Lechenauer, Birgit Simon, Andrea Unger, Doris Kandler, Christoph Ebner, Hansjörg Prillinger, Dietrich Kraft, and Michael Breitenbach. "Molecular Characterization of Alternaria Alternata and Cladosporium Herbarum Allergens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 157–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_21.

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Latge, Jean-Paul, and Sophie Paris. "Allergens Of Alternaria And Cladosporium." In Fungal Antigens, 237–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0773-0_30.

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Liu, Wei, Wenwei Zhang, Na Zheng, Weibo Zhai, and Fangjun Qi. "Study of Cotton Leaf Senescence Induced by Alternaria alternata Infection." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 161–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_15.

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Visconti, A., A. Bottalico, and M. Solfrizzo. "Activity of Alternaria Alternata Metabolites on Tomato Leaves and Geotrichum Candidum." In Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis, 457–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73178-5_59.

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Otani, Hiroshi, Keisuke Kohmoto, Motoichiro Kodama, and Syoyo Nishimura. "Role of Host-Specific Toxins in the Pathogenesis of Alternaria alternata." In Molecular Strategies of Pathogens and Host Plants, 139–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3084-7_12.

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Pinto, Virginia Elena Fernández, and Andrea Patriarca. "Alternaria Species and Their Associated Mycotoxins." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 13–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6707-0_2.

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Pavón, Miguel Ángel, Inés María López-Calleja, Isabel González, Rosario Martín, and Teresa García. "Targeting Conserved Genes in Alternaria Species." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 123–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6707-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alternaria"

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Cunningham, Aubrey, Rhea S. Pereira, and Michael Daines. "Differential Immune Responses To Alternaria Alternata Components." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5390.

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Mihnea, Nadejda. "Reacția unor linii de tomate la izolatele fungului Alternaria alternata." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.64.

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The paper presents the results of the appreciation of some tomato lines based on the resistance to the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata. Culture filtrates (CF) of pathogen in the most cases did not significantly influence for the seed germination. A more obvious impact was manifested in the case of the root and the stem, the deviations from the control constituting -38.2…. -69.6% for the root and -40.7… -72.6% - for the stem. It was found that the greatest importance in the reaction to A. alternata isolates for seed germination had the genotypic factor, and for root and stem growth - the isolation factor - 95.7-91.0%.
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Sasco, Elena. "Variabilitatea patogenității unor agenți fungici ai putregaiului de rădăcină la grâul comun de toamnă." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.08.

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The study established different reactions of the growth characters of the autumn common wheat seedlings to the treatment of seeds of genotypes Moldova 614, Moldova 66 and L Selania / Accent with the culture filtrates of the strains of Alternaria alternata, Drechslera sorokiniana and Fusarium solani. The 3 strains of the F. solani pathogen produced concomitant repression of root and stem in Moldova 614 and Moldova 66, but differentiated in L Selania / Accent, being identified as the most aggressive in this study. The highest sensitivity was recorded by L Selania / Accent in the case of the root under the action of Alternaria alternata strains.
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Nasr Esfahani, Mehdi. "Treatment guidelines for early blight disease of potato Alternaria solani and A. alternata." In VII South-Eastern Europe Syposium on Vegetables & Potatoes. University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-045-5.74.

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Kabadayi, G., J. Trischler, M. Hutter, S. Zielen, K. Blümchen, and J. Schulze. "Alternaria Allergie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen." In 45. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Pneumologie. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1779347.

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Дягилева, А., Лидия Туманова, Валентин Митин, and Кристина Грэждиеру. "Идентификация Fusarium spp. и Alternaria spp. в семенах некоторых овощных культур." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.10.

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In this paper the results of molecular diagnostics of Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. in bell pep-per and eggplant seeds of local genotypes at different time points of storage are presented. The diagnos-tics was effectuated using nested-PCR protocol with genus-specific and species-specific primers to F. ox-ysporum, F. solani, F. nivale, F. equiseti, F. culmorum, F. verticillioides, F. avenaceum, A. alternata, and A. solani. In the samples of studied bell pepper and eggplant genotypes A. alternata was found. In egg-plant seeds certain species of Fusarium spp. were identified.
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Salimova, D. R., A. S. Orina, Ph B. Gannibal, and A. O. Berstetskiy. "Differentiation of Alternaria japonica and Alternaria tenuissima, isolated from cruciferous cultures by morphological, molecular and biochemical markers." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.114.

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MINOZZO, MARIANE, MARINA ANDREIA DE SOUZA, JULIA LISBOA BERNARDI, BRUNA MARIA SAORIN PUTON, LUCAS HENRIQUE DO NASCIMENTO, LAíS THOMAZONI, NATALIA PAROUL, and ROGéRIO LUIS CANSIAN. "Atividade antifúngica na fase de vapor do óleo essencial de Cinnamomum cassia e do composto majoritário trans-cinamaldeído." In I Brazilian Congress of Engineering. brazco, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51162/brc.eng2021-0011.

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O armazenamento de grãos de milho apresenta suscetibilidade à contaminação por fungos, que além de ocasionarem redução no rendimento, qualidade e perdas econômicas, podem produzir micotoxinas, que apresentam risco a saúde. O uso dos óleos essenciais (OE) apresenta-se como uma alternativa em potencial para a inibição do crescimento de fungos. Diante disso, objetivou-se neste estudo investigar a atividade antifúngica, na fase vapor em placas, do óleo essencial de canela (Cinnamomum cassia) e do composto trans-cinamaldeído, sobre os fungos Penicillium crustosum, Alternaria alternata e Aspergillus flavus. A avaliação da porcentagem de crescimento de fungos expostos à vapores de diferentes concentrações do OE de C. cassia e do trans-cinamaldeído, permitiu observar a atividade antifúngica sobre os fungos testados, com CIM (concentração inibitória mínima) de 6% para o OE de C. cassia e 8% para o trans-cinamaldeído frente ao P. crustosum. Para A. alternata e A. flavus, a CIM foi de 4% e de 1% para o OE de C. cassia e trans-cinamaldeído, respectivamente. Esses resultados indicam o potencial biológico tanto do OE como do composto majoritário trans-cinamaldeído, como alternativa no controle desses fungos.,
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Zeng, Ai-ping, Yang Liu, Zhi-cheng Zhou, Yong-nian Chen, Ri-sheng Hu, Jian-zhong Long, Xiao-yi Li, and Chun-e. Wu. "Applying effect of three forecasting methods for the occurrence trend of Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler." In 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2011.5975997.

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ZEHRA, ANDLEEB, MANISH KUMAR, MUKESH MEENA, and R. S. "Mannitol and proline accumulation in Lycopersicum esculentum during infection of Alternaria alternata and its toxins." In Fourth International Conference On Advances in Applied Science and Environmental Technology- ASET 2016. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-097-2-26.

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Reports on the topic "Alternaria"

1

Harms, Nathan, and Judy Shearer. Spatial and temporal variability of the Alligatorweed pathogen, Alternaria alternantherae, in Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44402.

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Alligatorweed leaf spot is a disease of invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligatorweed) in the southern US, caused by Alternaria alternantherae. However, little is known about when or where this pathogen naturally occurs. To better understand this species’ life history, we examined temporal (every 2–3 weeks) and spatial (latitudinal) patterns of A. alternantherae occurrence at sites in Louisiana for 2 y. Pathogen presence reflected clear within-year temporal and spatial patterns. Overall, the percentage of leaves infected with A. alternantherae was low during spring each year (0–20% infected) but increased throughout summer (maximum of 50% infected), and plants in northern sites had lower frequency of infection relative to southern sites until later in the year (late summer/early fall) but only in 1 of the 2 years of our study. The mean proportion of leaves infected with A. alternantherae declined with latitude both years (P = 0.01) and variability increased with latitude (P = 0.04), a pattern suggestive of range limitation in northern areas. We estimate a northern distributional limit of 34°N for A. alternantherae in Louisiana, but Alligatorweed occurs farther north. Although we did not directly examine disease impacts to Alligatorweed during the study, they may be greatest in southern areas, where the pathogen is more common early and throughout the growing season, and thus may be less likely to provide control in northern infestations of the invasive Alligatorweed.
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Harms, Nathan, and Judy Shearer. A first examination of the interaction between Alternaria alternantherae and Agasicles hygrophila on Alternanthera philoxeroides. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38087.

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Shtienberg, Dan, William Fry, Amos Dinoor, Thomas Zitter, and Uzi Kafkafi. Reduction in Pesticide Use in Plant Disease Control by Integration of Chemical and Non-Chemical Factors. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613027.bard.

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The long term goal of this research project was to improve control efficiency of Alternaria diseases while reducing fungicide use, by integration of chemical and non-chemical factors. Non-chemical factors were genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fertilizers. The Specific objectives were: 1) To quantify changes in resistance among genotypes and over time in terms of disease development and specific phases of the disease cycle; 2) To quantify the effects of fertilizers applied to the foliage alone, or in combination with a fungicide, on disease development; 3) To quantify the relative contribution of genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fungicide type to the reduction of disease development; 4) To develop a strategy for integration of chemical and non-chemical factors which will achieve optimal disease suppression. The influence of physiological age of cotton plants and of the individual leaves, on disease incidence and on the rate of lesion expansion of A. macrospora was examined on leaves sampled from the field. Both parameters increased with the physiological age of individual leaves but were not affected by the age of the whole plant. The hypothesis that enrichment of the foliage with nitrogen and potassium may enhance host resistance to Alternaria and thus reduce disease severity, was examined for potato and tomato (A. solani ) and for cotton (A. macrospora ). Under controlled environment conditions, application of urea or KNO3 resulted in some reduction in disease development; however, foliar application of both nutrients (8-10 sprays in total) did not affect Alternaria severity in the field. Systemic fungicides against Alternaria (e.g. , tebuconazole and difenoconazole) are more effective than the commonly used protectant fungicides (e.g. mancozeb and chlorothalonil). Concepts for the integration of genotype resistance, age-related resistances and fungicide for the suppression of Alternaria diseases were developed and evaluated. It was found that reduction in host resistance, with age and among genotypes, can be compensated for by adjusting the intensity of fungicide applications, i.e. by increasing the frequency of sprays and by spraying systemic fungicides towards the end of the season. In, moderately resistant cultivars protection can be achieved by spraying at longer intervals than susceptible cultivars. The concepts for integration were evaluated in field trials for cotton, potatoes and tomatoes. By following these concepts it was possible to save up to five sprays out of 8-10 in a growing season.
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Droby, S., J. L. Norelli, M. E. Wisniewski, S. Freilich, A. Faigenboim, and C. Dardick. Microbial networks on harvested apples and the design of antagonistic consortia to control postharvest pathogens. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134164.bard.

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We have demonstrated, at a global level, the existence of spatial variation in the fungal and bacterial composition of different fruit tissues. The composition, diversity and abundance varied in fruit harvested in different geographical locations and suggests a potential link between location and the type and rate of postharvest diseases that develop in each country. The global core microbiome of apple fruit was determined and found to be represented by several beneficial microbial taxa and accounted for a large fraction of the fruit microbial community. To further characterize apple fruit the microbiome after harvest, a detailed study was performed to evaluate effects of postharvest practices on the composition of the fruit peel. Microbiota. Results of this work conformed our findings that tissue-type is the main factor driving fungal and bacterial diversity and community composition on apple fruit. Both postharvest treatments and low temperature storage had a great impact on the fungal and bacterial diversity and community composition of these tissue types. Distinct spatial and temporal changes in the composition and diversity of the microbiota were observed in response to various postharvest management practices. Our results clearly indicated that apple fruit has a unique core microbiome that is universal. Analysis of the microbiome across Malus species indicates that the microbiome of domesticated apple has a higher diversity and abundance and is an admixture of the microbiome present in its wild progenitors, with clear evidence for introgression. These findings support the existence of co-evolution between Malus species and their microbiome during domestication. A network analysis of the metagenomics data was used to further elucidate functional differences between the microbiome of organic vs. conventional fruit. Our analysis predicted a link between Capnodiales and the degradation of aromatic compounds. Alternaria, a genus in the Capnodiales genus, is one of the main pathogens of stored apple fruit and was also abundant in our samples. The potential role of Alternaria in the degradation of aromatic compounds is in agreement with previous studies indicating a link between Alternaria and the metabolism of the aromatic compound, alphafarnesene38, a key volatile secreted by the fruit during maturation. A greater number of metabolic pathways related to plant defense substances (e.g. terpenoids and alkaloids) were identified in the microbiome of organic fruit samples, while more antibiotic-related metabolic pathways for compounds such as Erythromycin, Avermectin, Ansamycin, and Penicillin were present in the microbiome of apple fruit samples grown using conventional management practices.
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Sánchez Roncancio,, Martha Jazmín, Luis Eduardo Gómez Caicedo, and Pedro Pablo Herrera Vivas,. Crotalaria, una alternativa sostenible. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.plegable.2012.6.

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La implementación de abonos verdes como la crotalaria se constituye una alternativa sostenible para la recuperación de los suelos en zonas de intensa actividad agropecuaria de Colombia, especialmente en cultivos bajo riego como arroz y de secano como algodón, sorgo, maíz y yuca.
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Guerra, Isabel, and Maria de Fátima Ferreiro. Organizações de economia social: Coexistência exemplo ou alternativa. DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7749/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2014.10.

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Montano, Yeidy, Pedro M. Tapia, Anthony Fow, and Beatriz Fuentealba. Fitorremediación. Una alternativa para tratar la contaminación ambiental. Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36580/inaigem.document13.

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En este folleto se presentan las definiciones de fitorremediación (remediación con plantas) y biorremediación (remediación con otros organismos vivos), como una estrategia de mitigación que permite reducir la concentración de metales pesados en suelos y/o aguas contaminadas. Se explica qué son los metales pesados y sus impactos en la salud humana. Se dan algunas definiciones útiles para comprender los mecanismos de fitorremediación y formas de medirlo, así como elementos que potencian su capacidad de remediación. También se incluye una lista de especies de plantas altoandinas con potencial fitorremediador y los temas que desde el INAIGEM se está trabajando.
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Price, Juan José, and Felipe Mujica. Matchfunding: Una alternativa de financiamiento para las industrias creativas. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001554.

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Arteaga, Gabriela, Jaime García, Jesús Tejada, and Raúl Rodríguez. Estrategia alternativa para la priorización de proyectos de infraestructura. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001987.

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Comunicación de las Ciencias, Centro. Youtube, la alternativa científica a la TV y Netflix. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9603202037.

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Quedarse en casa es cada día más necesario, pero la programación de la televisión (abierta o por cable), incluso Netflix, puede dejarnos con la sensación de “¡Qué buena serie! pero no aprendí nada, solo fue un buen pasatiempo. Como Centro de Comunicación de las Ciencias te recomendamos nuestros canales de Youtube de divulgación científica favoritos, para que ¡aprendas y te diviertas!”
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