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Dwyer, Edward J. "Altering Text for Reading Aloud." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3309.
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Wu, Wei-Kang. "Modulating angiogenesis via altering macrophage activation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539772.
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Atkinson, Jacob Thomas. "Altering Tian: Spirituality in Early Confucianism." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5637.
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This paper seeks to analyze the three earliest Confucian thinkers and the foundational texts associated with them. In studying these texts this paper attempts to discover how these early Confucian thinkers conceived of Tian. This paper claims the early Confucian thinkers did not make as radical of a departure from the Ancient Chinese religiosity as many modern scholars have suggested. It has often been asserted that the tradition presented by these Confucian thinkers was entirely humanistic, altogether separate from the Ancient Chinese religiosityThis paper contests such claims,instead insisting that the early Confucian spirituality still viewed Tian as God and that the three earliest thinkers actually introduced new concepts which expanded, rather than diminished, upon the role of Tian.
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McGlone, Jodi L. "ALTERING GAMBLING BEHAVIOR THROUGH PROBABILITY TRAINING." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1594.
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The current study attempted to alter gambling bets made during a simulated game of craps using a multiple baseline design. Participants were open to wager between 0-3 chips per trial. All participants completed a four phase sequence throughout the session. The first phase was a training phase where participants wagered and rolled dice five times. At the start of the second phase, which was baseline, participants were told that they have 100 chips to wager with, they will earn half of the amount of chips they accumulate for extra credit in a college graduate class. A probability instruction using Microsoft PowerPoint was the third phase. Finally, during the fourth phases participants were given 100 chips and played the number of trials they had during the baseline phase. Decreasing average bets per phase illustrates the ability to alter gambling behavior through probability training.
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Ellingham, Tim John. "Raman amplification and performance altering effects." Thesis, Aston University, 2006. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/8024/.
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This thesis presents an experimental investigation into several applications of the Raman scattering effect in communication optical fibres as well as how some of these applications can be modified to enhance the resulting performance. The majority of the work contained within is based on laboratory results using many commercially available components. The results can be divided into and presented in three main parts: Firstly, a novel application of a known effect is used to broaden Raman pump light in order to achieve a more continuous distribution of gain with respect to wavelength. Multiple experimental results are presented, all based around the prior spreading of the pump spectrum before being used in the desired transmission fibre. Gathered results show that a notable improvement can be obtained from applying such a technique along with the scope for further optimisation work. Secondly, an investigation into the interaction between the well known effect of Four Wave Mixing (FWM) and Raman scattering is provided. The work provides an introduction to the effect as well commenting on previous literature regarding the effect and its mitigation. In response to existing research experimental results are provided detailing some limitations of proposed schemes along with concepts of how further alleviation from the deleterious effects maybe obtained. Lastly, the distributed nature of the Raman gain process is explored. A novel technique on how a near constant distribution of gain can be employed is implemented practically. The application of distributed gain is then applied to the generation of optical pulses with special mathematical properties within a laboratory setting and finally the effect of pump noise upon distributed gain techniques is acknowledged.
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Windle, Claire Louise. "Altering enzyme activities using chemical modification." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11808/.
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In Nature there are twenty proteogenic amino acid ‘building blocks’, from which proteins and enzymes are constructed. These proteogenic amino acids confer activity to enzymes; however there are many instances where the chemistries provided by these ‘building blocks’ are expanded upon. Nature recruits an array of cofactors, post translational modifications and post translationally generated cofactors, all which help to provide function or activity. Until recently the protein engineer was restricted to the use of the twenty proteogenic amino acids, and so access to this increased chemical diversity was highly challenging. In this thesis, chemical modification has been used to insert a variety of non canonical amino acids (ncAAs) throughout the active site of the enzyme N acetylneuraminic acid lyase (NAL). This modification method incorporates ncAAs site specifically into a protein, via a dehydroalanine intermediate and conjugate addition with a thiol compound. Initial work using this method replaced the catalytic lysine at position 165 with the non canonical analogue γ thialysine. It was possible to obtain homogenously modified protein in high yields for detailed kinetic and X ray crystallographic studies, and therefore possible to elucidate the catalytic and structural consequences of this modification. The work to replace Lys165 with a non canonical analogue provided a starting point to expand the incorporation of ncAAs into NAL. A total of thirteen different non canonical side chains were incorporated, individually, at thirteen different positions within the active site of NAL. These modified enzymes were then screened for activity with ten different substrates to determine the effects of ncAA incorporation. It was seen that the ncAAs were well tolerated by the enzyme, as active modified enzymes were produced. By incorporating ncAAs it was possible to alter the substrate specificity of the enzyme. The modified enzyme F190Dpc, containing a dihydroxypropyl cysteine side chain, was found to have an increased activity with an altered substrate, erythrose. This activity was higher than the wild type enzyme with both the altered substrate and the wild type substrate, and the non canonical Dpc side chain outperformed any of the proteogenic amino acids when inserted at the same position in the protein, for the substrate erythrose. This research begins to explore the possibilities of what may be achieved by use of ncAAs. Facile incorporation of ncAAs will allow protein engineers to take inspiration from Nature and expand the chemistries provided by the proteogenic amino acids, hopefully to engineer novel activities or catalysis.
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Brown, Louise F. "Altering patterns of delivery of periodontal services /." Title page, contents and chapter one only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ph/09phb878.pdf.
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Flint, Jesse. "Altering cue use in complex auditory decision tasks." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Pahler, Emily Nichole. "Abercrombie & Fitch the altering of cultural norms /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/comssp/1/.
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Thesis (B.A.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.Project advisor: Bernard Duffy. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Mar. 10, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Ali, Abdualbaset Ahmed. "Altering Wax Appearance Temperature Using Shear and Pressure." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1575992511410478.
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Fujii, Ryota. "Directed Evolution of Lipase for Altering Reaction Specificity." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148564.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第10383号
農博第1362号
新制||農||877(附属図書館)
学位論文||H15||N3836(農学部図書室)
UT51-2003-L24
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 坂田 完三, 教授 江崎 信芳, 教授 清水 昌
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Ford, Victoria L. "The Function-Altering Effects of Contingency-Specifying Stimuli." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500783/.
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Three children between the ages of 3 and 3 1/2 were asked to choose a colored object from an array of 5 colors in a baseline condition. After color preferences were established, stickers, small toys and praise were made contingent on choosing the least preferred color. After the first experimental condition resulted in consistent choosing of the least preferred color, a second experimental condition was implemented. At the beginning of each session a contingency-specifying stimulus (CSS) was presented, each CSS specifying a different color to be selected. Both contingency-shaping and CSS presentation resulted in stimulus control over responding. However, CSS presentation resulted in immediate redistributions of behavioral units across CSS sessions.
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Liddle, Morna. "Exploring people's experience of appearance-altering orthognathic surgery." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1675/.
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Bull, Mathew Michael. "Experimentally Altering the Compliance of Titin's Spring Region." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613257.
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Chapter 1 of this work focuses on alternative splicing of titin as a proof of concept therapy for treating diastolic dysfunction and restrictive filling in a genetic murine model (Ttn^(ΔIAjxn)). The Ttn^(ΔIAjxn) mouse has increased strain on the spring region of titin and acts as a mechanical analogue of the titin-based increase in passive myocardial stiffness found in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is a complex disease characterized by diastolic dysfunction, exercise intolerance, and concentric hypertrophic remodeling. Approximately half all of heart failure patients suffer from diastolic dysfunction, however, no effective therapy exists for treating this pervasive syndrome. Titin, the largest known protein and molecular spring in the heart, has emerged as a prime candidate for therapeutic targets aimed at restoring compliance to the sarcomere in order to improve diastolic function. Titin has two main cardiac isoforms that are regulated by alternative splicing; the smaller N2B isoform (~3.0 MDa) and the larger more compliant N2BA isoform (~3.3 MDa). Diastolic stiffness of the left ventricle is dependent upon the N2BA:N2B isoform ratio. In the first half of this work, we modified these two primary isoforms by inhibiting the known titin splicing factor Rbm20. We demonstrate that Rbm20 reduction restores diastolic function, improves exercise tolerance and attenuates afterload induced pathologic remodeling of the left ventricle in Ttn^(ΔIAjxn) mice.The work in chapter 2 is focused on studies using the previously published N2B knock out (KO) murine model. The N2B spring element found in cardiac titin's I-band region has been proposed as a sensor and signaling "hot spot" in the sarcomere. This study investigates the role of titin's cardiac specific N2B element as a mechano-sensor for stress and strain induced remodeling of the heart. The N2B KO mouse was subjected to a variety of stressors including transverse aortic constriction (TAC), aortocaval fistula (ACF), chronic swimming, voluntary running and isoproterenol stimulation. Our data revealed that the N2B element is essential in preload stimulated cardiac hypertrophy as well as remodeling due to beta-adrenergic stress. Cardiac hypertrophy is a common maladaptive feature of heart failure patients and the mechanical triggers that determine pathologic growth are not well understood. My work in the N2B KO mouse reveal titin's important role in cardiac remodeling.
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Wallace, Melissa Laura. "The psychological impact of conditions altering appearance during adolescence." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438792.
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Ditch, Lynn Marie. "Molecular genetics of mutations altering sexual behavior in Drosophila /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3071049.
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Hood, Woodrow B. "Laurie Anderson's Nerve Bible : altering the frame of postmodernism /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842538.
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King, Bryant T. (Bryant Thomas) 1976. "Evaluation of collision altering system requirements for paired approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80653.
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Marlow, Gregory. "Week 06, Video 05: Altering Animation With Graph Editor." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/45.
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Hankins, Kerry Ann. "Altering the gag: Validating a secondary palm pressure point." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1335991402.
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Johansson, Ramnäs Tobias, and Christoffer Wern. "Office Open XML conversion with integrated result-altering GUI." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119988.
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Yooba is a small company based in Norrköping and they are developing a software tool to easily create and manage applications for iPads and Windows tablets. The environment where to one creates applications is called Yooba Studio and a missing feature that has been requested by their users is a PowerPoint-file importer. PowerPoint, or Microsoft PowerPoint, is a software used to create presentations. To store the presentation data an open XML standard is used called Office Open XML, often shorten OOXML or Open XML. This master thesis will explain how the information inside a OOXML presentation package PPTX can be stored and converted into a new presentation structure, Yooba XML. The thesis work will also explain how an interface, through user tests and prototyping, can be developed to present, for the user, differences when importing between the source program and the final result in Yooba Studio. The developed interface will involve the user in the importation in such way that the user will be the one altering how some of the differences should be imported. The results of this thesis is a working integrated PPTX-file importer where the user can both see statistics over how successful the import were and be able to customize how the final importation result should be.
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Wentz, Amy Leigh. "Altering hydrologic regime to revgetate crusted soils on semiarid rangeland." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1112.
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Dysfunctional rangelands lose nutrients and material faster than they capture or create them. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of contour furrows, drill seeding, and aeration treatments in capturing overland flow, concentrating resources, and establishing perennial bunch grasses to convert dysfunctional semiarid rangeland to a functional rangeland. The site, located on the Edwards Plateau in west Texas, USA, had bare, structurally crusted soils with sparse short-grasses (Scleropogon brevifolius). The site had a low infiltration rate contributing to excess overland flow and loss of nutrients, organic matter, and soil. Contour furrows were installed with varying intra-furrow distances (0.6 to 61 m) and then broadcast seeded to determine if furrow spacing would produce a vegetative response. Portions of the intra-furrow areas were aerated and drill seeded. All seed mixes contained warm season, perennial bunch grasses (Bouteloua curtipendula, Leptochloa dubia, and Setaria leucopila). Soil beneath furrows had greater soil water content (p-value < 0.05) than intra-furrow areas. Furrow plots had greater density of seeded grasses and total vegetation (19 individuals m-2 and 191 individuals m-2, respectively) than intra-furrow plots (0 individuals m-2 and 89 individuals m-2, respectively). This study supports other findings that suggest 1.5 m to 1.8 m is optimum intra-furrow spacing. Vegetative responses to drill seeding and aeration treatments were insignificant. Observations suggest that contour furrows are effective at establishment and support of perennial vegetation by capturing and retaining water that otherwise would be lost to runoff from untreated soil.
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Hintze, Kenneth William. "Altering a person's environmental mindset utilizing an architectural/ecological system." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/hintze/HintzeK0507.pdf.
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Frame, Jeffrey W. "Kinetic and kinematic effects of altering cleat placement during cycling." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1314325.
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One of the most important aspects of high performance cycling is the best fit between rider and bike. Developing a proper bike fit requires conducting many biomechanical assessments due to the need to match a myriad of bike geometries and human anthropometric variables. One of the primary bike-rider system measurement parameters for power and pedal efficiencies is the cleat placement and alignment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of moving the cleats towards the heel on peak power outputs and pedal efficiencies using a Computrainer (CT) and 2D video analysis. Ten competitive male cyclists participated in the study consisting of tests for peak power (PP) outputs and pedaling efficiencies among two positions of cleats; toe (TP) and heel (HP). No significant differences in peak power outputs were reported between TP and HP (p = .827). Significant differences (p = .027) did exist, however between each condition within the SpinScan (SS) pedal efficiency test. Results from the 2-D video analysis indicate that there exists a difference in ankling patterns between the TP and HP during the first 50 percent of the power phase and the last 50 percent of the recovery phase of the pedal stroke (p = .000 and .001 respectively Based on the results of this study, further research into the longitudinal effects of training in this area are warranted.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Pedroso, Laurentina M. R. "Effects of altering large intestinal fermentation on tissue lipid metabolism." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315966.
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Auger, Graham Anthony. "Genetic manipulation of bacterial metabolism by altering a global regulator." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265798.
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Clark, Richard L. "Altering the fiber-matrix interphase in semicrystalline polymer matrix composites." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12042009-020216/.
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Vázquez, Maribel 1971. "The effects of altering air velocities in operational clean rooms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38145.
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Walton, Chase Mitchell. "The Role of Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Altering Adipose Mitochondrial Bioenergetics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8944.
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The rampant growth of obesity worldwide has stimulated explosive research into human metabolism. Metabolic rate has been shown to be altered by diets differing in macronutrient composition, with low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets eliciting a significant increase over other interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the ketone β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) on mitochondrial respiration and coupling status in adipose tissue. To explore this, we employed three distinct systems, namely cell, rodent, and human models. In every model, βHB robustly increased mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, in cultured adipocytes and rodent adipose, we quantified the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and coupling status. We observed that genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and uncoupling were significantly higher in models exposed to ketone treatments. In conclusion, ketones increase mitochondrial respiration in cells and mammalian adipose tissue, but not ATP production, indicating greater mitochondrial uncoupling. These findings may partly explain the increased metabolic rate evident in states of elevated ketones and may facilitate the development of novel obesity interventions in the future.
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Schwetz, Tara A. "Glycosylation Modulates Cardiac Excitability by Altering Voltage-Gated Potassium Currents." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/10.
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Neuronal, cardiac, and skeletal muscle electrical signaling is achieved through the highly regulated activity of several types of voltage-gated ion channels to produce an action potential (AP). Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are responsible for repolarization of the AP. Kv channels are uniquely and heavily glycosylated proteins. Previous reports indicate glycosylation modulates gating of some Kv channel isoforms; often, terminal sialic acid residues alter Kv channel gating. Here, we questioned whether alterations in glycosylation impact Kv channel gating, thus altering APs and cardiac excitability. ST3Gal-IV, a sialyltransferase expressed at uniform levels throughout the heart, adds sialic acids to N- and O-glycans through alpha 2-3 linkages. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) suggest that cardiac conduction/rhythm are altered in ST3Gal-IV(-/-) animals, which show an increased incidence of arrhythmic beats. AP waveform parameters and two components of IK, the transient outward, Ito, and the slowly inactivating, IK,slow, were compared in neonatal control versus ST3Gal-IV(-/-) and glycosidase treated atrial and ventricular myocytes. Action potential durations (APDs) measured from ST3Gal-IV(-/-) and glycosidase treated atrial myocytes were lengthened significantly (~25-150%) compared to control; however, ventricular APDs were unaffected by changes in glycosylation. Consistently, atrial Ito and IK,slow activation were shifted to more depolarized potentials (by ~9-17 mV) in ST3Gal-IV(-/-) and glycosidase treated myocytes, while ventricular K+ currents were unaltered. Those channels responsible for producing Ito and IK,slow were examined under conditions of full and reduced glycosylation. Sialylation and N-glycosylation uniquely and differently impact gating of two mammalian Shaker family Kv channel isoforms, Kv1.4 and Kv1.5; Kv1.4 gating was unaffected by changes in channel glycosylation, while N-linked sialic acids, acting through electrostatic mechanisms, fully account for glycan effects on Kv1.5 gating. In addition, sialic acids modulate the gating of three Kv channel isoforms that are not N-glycosylated, Kv2.1, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3, through apparent electrostatic mechanisms. Click chemistry was utilized to confirm that these three isoforms are O-glycosylated and sialylated; thus, O-linked sialylation modulates gating of Kv2.1, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3. This study suggests that regulated or aberrant glycosylation alters the gating of channels producing IK in a chamber-specific manner, thus altering the rate of cardiac repolarization and potentially leading to arrhythmias.
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Vivas, Muñoz Jenny Carolina. "Trematodes modulate aquatic food webs by altering host feeding behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20592.
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Parasiten können den Energietransfer in Lebensgemeinschaften über trophische Kaskaden beeinflussen, indem sie Änderungen in den Konsumenten-Ressourcen-Interaktionen induzieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Rolle von Trematoden auf das Freßverhalten ihrer Wirte auf zwei trophischen Ebenen untersucht. Vier verschiedene Süßwasserschnecken-Trematoden-Systeme wurden verwendet, um zu testen, ob ein allgemeines Muster für die Auswirkung von Infektionen auf die Grazingaktivität von Schnecken auf das Periphyton nachgewiesen werden kann. Die Grazingraten auf Periphyton bei infizierten Schnecken entweder höher, niedriger oder ähnlich denen derjenigen von nicht infizierten Artgenossen.
Augenparasiten können die Leistungsfähigkeit ihres Wirtes beeinträchtigen, was die Auswirkungen auf das Erkennen von Beutetieren, Raubtieren und Artgenossen hat. Mit Tylodelphys clavata experimentell infizierte Flussbarsche wurden mit zwei verschiedenen Beutetierarten eingesetzt, um das Fraßverhalten in Konkurrenz mit nicht infizierten Artgenossen zu untersuchen. Die Entfernung, aus der infizierte Fische die beiden Beutetierarten attackierten, war im Vergleich zu nicht infizierten Artgenossen signifikant kürzer. Die Tendenz war, dass nicht infizierte Fische mehr von den verfügbaren Beutetieren verzehrten. Um zu prüfen, ob der Fisch als Kompensation seine Beutepräferenz verändert, wurde die Beutezusammensetzung von Flussbarschen aus dem Müggelsees mittels Mageninhalts- und Stabilisotopenanalysen untersucht. Beide Methoden ergaben, dass sich die Fische mit zunehmender Intensität der Infektion selektiver ernährten, während sich geringer infizierte Fische Generalisten herausstellten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bestätigen, dass Trematoden eine wichtige Rolle in Nahrungsnetzen spielen können, indem sie das Freßverhalten ihres Wirtes verändern. Darüber hinaus können Trematoden so die Stärke der Interaktion ihrer Wirte mit anderen Arten auf verschiedenen trophischen Ebenen beeinflussen.Parasites can influence energy transfer through communities via trophic cascades by inducing alterations on consumer-resource interactions. This study evaluated the role of trematodes on their host’s feeding behaviour at two trophic levels. Four different freshwater snail–trematode systems were used to test whether a general pattern can be detected for the impact of infections on snail periphyton grazing activity. Mass-specific periphyton grazing rates of infected snails were higher, lower, or similar to rates of non-infected conspecifics. The variation across systems may result from differences on how the parasites use the resources of the snail and thus affect its energy budget. Eye parasites can impair their host’s sensory performance with important consequences for the detection of prey, predators and conspecifics. European perch experimentally infected with Tylodelphys clavata were used to evaluate their feeding behaviour under competition with non-infected conspecifics, for two different prey species (Asellus aquaticus and Daphnia magna). The distance at which infected fish attacked both prey species was significantly shorter in comparison to non-infected conspecifics. Additionally, infected fish had more unsuccessful attacks and there was a general tendency that non-infected fish consumed more of the available prey. To evaluate whether fish alter their prey preference as a compensatory mechanism, perch from Lake Müggelsee were sampled and their diet was evaluated using both stomach content and stable isotope analyses. Both methods indicated that with increasing infection intensity fish had a more selective diet, while less intensively infected fish appeared to be generalist feeders. The results from this study confirm that trematodes can play a relevant role within food webs by altering their hosts’ feeding behaviour. Furthermore, in this way trematodes can affect the interaction strengths of their hosts with other species at various trophic levels.
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Smith, Kiersten M. "Altering an Epoxy-Amine Thermoset's Performance Through Varying Mix Ratios." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2195.
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Epoxy resins are used in a number of different industries and therefore have application-specific material requirements, from satellites that require materials that operate in space, to paints and coatings that require high scratch resistance and mechanical durability, to medical devices, designed to be in continuous contact with biological fluids. Commercial epoxy products come with manufacturer’s information explaining the epoxy properties and recommended preparation processing conditions, which may include epoxy resin to curing agent mix ratio (Part A : Part B), cure time, and cure temperature, for example. Due to proprietary reasons, it can be difficult to understand why these values are provided, and more importantly, the consequences when deviating from the prescribed recommendations. When manufacturing bioprocessing products for the medical field, a company is under a limited capacity to change materials of construct. Determining how to modify the processing conditions in order to control the material properties of an epoxy would benefit bioprocessing product manufacturers as it would allow them to use the same epoxy that meets the different application-specific requirements of different products.
Five different epoxy systems that were designed for medical applications were characterized to determine how variations in preparation and processing conditions, such as mix ratio (by weight) and cure conditions, affect the final properties of the cured epoxy, including: glass transition temperature, chemical resistance, and coefficient of thermal expansion. For each system, it was found that one mix ratio would produce a material with a maximum glass transition temperature, while changing the mix ratio with either excess Part A epoxy resin or excess Part B amine curing agent would result in a decrease in the glass transition temperature. A higher glass transition temperature indicates higher crosslink density, as a more tightly crosslinked network requires more thermal energy to reach the “rubbery” phase. This mix ratio did not always coincide with the manufacturer’s specifications, suggesting that these recommendations are potentially application specific. While variations in the curing agent’s chemical composition impacted the final material properties of epoxy, as expected, it was also found that varying the mix ratio and annealing conditions resulted in changes in epoxy material properties. A wide range of experiments provided critical data that supported the idea that a single epoxy formulation can be used to produce epoxy materials with varied performance properties through modifications in the preparation and processing conditions, while still remaining usable to manufacture products.
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Devine, Bailey. "An Analysis of the Value-altering Effect of Motivating Operations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500100/.
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Motivating operations (MOs) may affect behavior in two ways; A) an MO momentarily alters the frequency of behavior for which a particular consequence has served as reinforcement (evocative-effect) and B) an MO momentarily alters the behavioral effects of the relevant consequence (value-altering effect). Many studies have empirically demonstrated the evocative function of MOs, however, few if any studies have attempted to systematically manipulate and measure the value-altering effect. The focus of this study was to investigate the value-altering effect by measuring choice and response allocation across two alternative tasks. Participants were two female girls diagnosed with autism. During conditioning sessions, experimenters created a history for the children in which clicking on a moving square on a computer monitor produced a small piece of edible. Prior to some conditions, the participants were allowed 5 min of free-access to the edibles, and in other sessions, access to edibles prior to session was restricted. During these sessions, the square was either red or blue depending on the condition type (pre-access or restricted-access). During probe sessions, both colored squares were concurrently available and participants were allowed to allocate their responding to whichever square they chose. One participant preferred the square associated with restricted-access, which may support the notion of the value-altering effect. Difficulties during conditioning sessions interfered with the ability to run sufficient probes with the other participant to evaluate a value-altering effect. Results suggest that the use of these procedures may be useful to differentiate evocative and function-altering effects of MOs.
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Shull, Daniel. "Altering a Runner’s Foot strike using a Modified Elliptical Trainer." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4822.
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One possible solution to common running related injuries is to transition runners from a rearfoot strike during initial contact to a midfoot strike. Natural rearfoot strike runners were studied to see if a modified elliptical trainer could be used to alter their running pattern to that of a midfoot strike runner. Their results were compared to subjects who ran on a non-modified elliptical trainer. After training on the modified elliptical trainer, subjects demonstrated a decrease in foot angle at initial contact when attempting to run with a midfoot strike. Training did not affect all kinetic metrics or stride frequency. However, the kinematic change suggests that there may be an impact on running energetics. Training on the modified elliptical trainer resulted in improved midfoot strike kinematics in natural rearstrike runners when they attempted run in a midfoot strike pattern.
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Mistr, Kathryn N. (Kathryn Noel). "The Evocative and Repertoire-Altering Effects of Contingency-Specifying Stimuli." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501022/.
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The effects of deadlines in contingency-specifying stimuli among nine 4 to 5 year old children were investigated. Each child was given verbal statements differing in the specified deadline, the delivery of the reinforcer, and the opportunity to respond. The results indicated: (a) statements not specifying deadlines or reinforcers failed to control the children's behavior reliably, (b) specifying deadlines, either immediate or delayed, and immediate reinforcers exerted reliable control over the children's behavior when the opportunity to respond was immediately available, and (c) specifying delayed deadlines or no deadlines and immediate or delayed reinforcers did not reliably control the children's behavior when the opportunity to respond was delayed.
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Johnson, Taylor E. "Altering preference of children's gambling choices using a conditional discrimination procedure /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1328054751&sid=16&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Suluvale, Eletise Taauta. "The role of contaminants in altering the coastal environment of Samoa /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs954.pdf.
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Cunningham, Vanessa. "Altering Shakespeare in the eighteenth century : David Garrick among the editors." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55444/.
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This thesis proposes that Garrick's alterations of Shakespeare mark a watershed in eighteenth-century attitudes to the Bard's works. The most famous actor of the century, Garrick was publicly regarded as Shakespeare's greatest interpreter and high priest. During his career as actor and manager (1741-1776), he was also to a greater or lesser extent involved professionally and personally with the main Shakespearean editors of the period: Johnson, Warburton, Capell and Steevens. As the first chapter suggests, the roles of editor and alterer of the plays at this time, though different, overlapped, 'stage' and 'page' not yet having become divorced. Chapter Two contextualises Garrick's alterations of Shakespeare by describing, first, London's literary clubs and, in particular, The Club (founded by Johnson and Reynolds) of which Garrick was a member. Following a brief account of the theatrical conditions and cultural constraints that influenced the altering of old plays, Garrick's alterations of Jonson's Every Man in His Humour is analysed in order to draw out the principles of underlying alteration in practice. The three main chapters look closely in detail at a number of key instances of Garrick's alterations of Shakespeare's plays, concentrating on six taken from near the beginning, middle and end of his career, in which Garrick himself played the leading role: Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, The Winter's Tale, Antony and Cleopatra, King Lear and Hamlet. In each of these chapters, Garrick's involvement with one or more editor is discussed. The main emphasis, however, falls upon the changes, additions, omissions and 'improvements' Garrick made to the plays over a lifetime devoted to Shakespeare. Recognition of that devotion is found in Garrick's 'Ode', discussed in Chapter Five, which forms an entr'acte following the chapter on The Winter's Tale and Antony and Cleopatra. The Stratford-on-Avon Jubilee in 1769, at which his 'Ode' was performed, gave rise to a host of theatrical and literary offerings that sought to exploit that event, not least Garrick's own entertainment, The Jubilee.
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Gromadzin, Barbara. "Tailoring Taylor: locus of control and attitudes toward genetically altering children." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/688.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Arts and Sciences
psychology
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Floyd, Jennifer A. "Nxf1 is the modifier vibrator : altering gene expression through mRNA export /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3166404.
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Blatus, Richard J. "Altering the mission statement the training of firefighters as intelligence gatherers /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FBratus.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Bach, Robert. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 03, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-55). Also available in print.
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Carballo, Amador Manuel. "Altering the solubility of recombinant proteins through modification of surface features." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/altering-the-solubility-of-recombinant-proteins-through-modification-of-surface-features(a2a7e7d5-3cc5-4f0c-924e-61bb817c0f3e).html.
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Protein solubility plays an important role whether for biophysical and structural studies, or for production and delivery of therapeutic proteins. Poor solubility could lead to protein aggregation, which is an undesired physicochemical mechanism at any stage of recombinant proteins production. To date, more than half of all recombinant therapeutic proteins are produced in mammalian cells, mainly due to the high similarity of the final product to human protein structures. However, poor secretion can occur, due to misfolded proteins or aggregates leading to cellular stress and proteolysis. Another widely-used expression system is E. coli, which can offer a cost-efficient alternative. This system has an important limitation, since proteins tends to form insoluble protein aggregates in the cytoplasm upon heterologous overexpression. Several strategies are being implemented to improved soluble expression, ranging from culture conditions to solubility enhancing tags. However, there is no universal approach or technology that solves protein aggregation. In this thesis two recently published hypotheses from our group have been applied. One stated that soluble expression of proteins was inversely correlated with the size of the largest positively-charged patch on the protein surface. The second hypothesis (of protein solubility), arose from the finding that the relative content of lysine and arginine residues separated E. coli proteins by solubility. Both hypotheses arose from a study of an extensive dataset of experimental solubilities determined for cell-free expression of E. coli proteins. In combination with other widely used strategies, such as lowering expression temperature and inducer concentration, decreasing non-charged (hydrophobic) patches and addition of helical capping for increasing stability, a rational understanding for directed alteration of solubility in a variety of recombinant proteins has been explored. This includes three protein models to test: (i) recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) (one of the top selling therapeutics) (ii) recombinant 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (rPFKFB3) (a product for which over-expression has been sought for characterisation and insight into possible cancer therapy) and (iii) a set of three selected E. coli proteins containing high ratios of lysines to arginines: thioredoxin-1 (TRX), cold shock-like protein cspB (cspB), and the histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein (HPr). It was found that single or multiple point mutations (changing amino acids from positive to negative charge or vice versa; or lysines to arginines) verified the predicted effect on rHuEPO, rPFKFB3, TRX, cspB, and HPr solubility (experimentally defined as the distribution between soluble and total fractions) for expression in E. coli. In addition, the redesigned set of rHuEPO transiently expressed in HEK 293-EBNA cells, suggesting that positively-charged patch size may also influence protein secretion. Further application of these computational and experimental approaches could provide a valuable tool in the design and engineering of proteins, with enhanced solubility, stability and secretion.
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Tetlow, Mary Louise. "The role of pathogen effector proteins in altering host plant transcription." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80228/.
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Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins in order to overcome immunity in plants stimulated by common microbial patterns. The genomes of oomycete pathogens including Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) are predicted to contain a large number of effectors. These experiments focussed on characterising an interaction between predicted Hpa effector HaRxL14 and Arabidopsis protein phosphatase type-2CA (PP2CA), which functions as a co-receptor in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). This interaction was previously identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments verified an interaction in the nucleus. Over-expression of the effector in planta enhances susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Hpa, although knocking-out PP2CA in the host did not have a clear effect on infection. Furthermore, a potential role for the interaction in enhancing host signalling associated with ABA was highlighted from microarray analysis of Arabidopsis lines over-expressing the effector. The up-regulation of various ABA-related genes supports previous findings that ABA may disrupt host response to biotrophic pathogens. Furthermore, it was hypothesised that phytohormones including jasmonic acid (JA), ABA, and salicylic acid (SA) could have a role in coordinating host transcription at the level of chromosome conformation. Progress was made towards optimising a method for use with Arabidopsis related to chromosome conformation capture (3C). These experiments began to examine the spatial interactions of JA-induced genes in Arabidopsis. This method could be used to determine if related genes co-localise at specialised transcription factories. These transcription factories have previously been studied in other models including mammals, although their potential role in plants is currently not well understood. Overall, a Hpa effector was shown to interact with host protein PP2CA potentially to up-regulate ABA-related genes. It remains to be established if phytohormones have a role in coordinating transcription through manipulating spatial interactions of genes.
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Jones, Flora. "Disguised Stretch : Changeable knitted textiles with altering functions and visual expressions." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23504.
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This project places itself in the field of textile design within flat knitting textiles intended as prototypes for interactive textiles with multifunctional purposes and aesthetics. The purpose of the project is to suggest alternative design solutions towards knitted textiles in the field of sportswear that not only acts as a second skin both in terms of appearance and functionality, as well as aesthetic details once the knit interacts with a moving body. The aim of the project, but also offers visual and contrasting functions such as expandability, rigidness and stretch, as well as creating aesthetic details caused by movement of the human body. The design process was conducted in experimental knitting on both industrial and domestic knitting machines, workshops entailing the relation between the knits and the body as well as technically developing the proper bindings to work in unity. Analysis of the knits were made which led to the solely use of these bindings: rib, spacer, links links, ripple and mesh. The outcome of the projects resulted in four knitted textile prototypes, where one of them is designed as a product in the shape of a top, and the others as knitted fabrics each representing two opposing functions. The conclusion drawn in retrospect of this project that by placing opposing bindings parallel, such ripple and links links, it is possible to achieve two opposing functions as well as different visual perception within the same area of a knitted piece.
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Atherton, Philip James. "Signal transduction in skeletal muscle mediating responses to phenotype altering signals." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2005. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/8584/.
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Skeletal muscle phenotype, size and function respond to exercise, disease and ageing. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the signal transduction pathways responsible for selected skeletal muscle phenotype and size changes. Myostatin, recently identified as a negative regulator of muscle mass was exposed at 10 ng ml 4 to C2C12 cells, and using cDNA genome-wide profiling, was shown to act as a transcriptional suppressor. Furthermore, in these cells myostatin significantly (n8, p<0.05) reduced phosphorylation of components in the P1-3K pathway: PKB Ser473 -30 %, mTOR Ser2448 -50 %, p70 S6K Thr389 -60 %, whereas 4E-BP1 Thr37/46 remained unaffected. These data provide insights in to the mechanisms by which myostatin controls muscle mass, through negatively affecting transcription and translation. Differences in the concentrations of signalling proteins often alter cellular function and phenotype, as is evident from numerous heterozygous knock-out models. Whilst the levels of metabolic enzymes differ between fibre types, and are regulable by exercise, it is not known if this is also true of signal transduction proteins. Therefore, it was hypothesised that the relative levels of signalling proteins implicated in the adaptation to exercise in both fast rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL; 3% type I fibres) and slow Soleus (84% type I fibres) would be systematically different. Secondly, it was hypothesised that following 6 weeks of chronic electrical stimulation (CMNS) where the EDL undergoes a fast-to-slow transformation, the relative signalling protein concentrations between control EDL/stimulated EDL would mirror the differences shown in control EDL/Soleus. Finally, that CMNS would induce chronic signalling to produce, and maintain a slower phenotype. Western blots revealed that the concentrations of some proteins such as Calcineurin (2.6-fold) and p38 MAPK (1.36-fold) were higher in EDL, whilst others such as PGC-la (1.4-fold); and NFkB (3-fold) (all n=4, pc0.05) were higher in Soleus. CMNS of EDL also led to changes in protein levels between control EDL/stimulated EDL: AMPK which is higher in Soleus was actually 1.4-fold lower following stimulation of EDL, whereas other proteins such as PGC-la moved in the direction of that of Soleus. CMNS was also able to induce chronic phosphorylation of proteins involved in fibre type and mitochondrial biogenesis, such as AMPK 4 fold, and p38 -4.5-fold. These data show that signal transduction protein concentrations vary between fast and slow muscles, presumably reflecting differences at a fibre level. Furthermore, signalling proteins are regulated by CMNS of EDL, but do not always change in the direction of slow Soleus. Chronic phosphorylation of many signalling proteins can explain the characteristic phenotypic change in response to CMNS. Resistance training stimulates adaptive protein synthesis and hypertrophy whereas endurance training induces a partial fast-to-slow fibre phenotype transformation. To simulate these conditions, isolated rat muscles were stimulated at 25 °C with either high frequency (HFS; 6 x 10 repetitions, 3 s-bursts at 100 Hz to mimic resistance training) or low frequency (LFS; 3 h at 10 Hz to mimic endurance training). HFS significantly increased myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis 3 h after stimulation 5.3 and 2.7-fold, respectively (n=6, p<0.05). LFS had no significant effect on protein synthesis 3 h after stimulation, but increased UCP3 mRNA 11.7-fold, whereas HFS had no significant effect on UCP3 mRNA (n6, p<0.05). Only LFS increased AMPK phosphorylation significantly at Thr172 by 2-fold and increased POC- 1 a protein to 1.3-fold of control. LFS had no effect on PICB phosphorylation but reduced TSC2 phosphorylation at Thr1462 and deactivated translational regulators. In contrast, HFS acutely increased phosphorylation of PKB at Ser473 5.3-fold and the phosphorylation of TSC2, mTOR, GSK-3j3 at PKB-sensitive sites. HFS also caused a prolonged activation of the translational regulators p70 56k, 4E-BPI, eIF2B, and eEF2 (all n=8, p<0.05). This behaviour has been termed the AMPK-PICB switch, and is hypothesised to mediate specific adaptations to endurance and resistance training, respectively. Ageing is associated with a loss of muscle mass tenned sarcopenia. Essential amino acids (EAA) are potent stimulators of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and therefore defects in EAA-induced anabolism might affect ability to maintain muscle mass in ageing and disease. MPS and signalling responses to EAA-stimulation of 20 fasted young versus 24 elderly subjects (age 28 ± 6 and 70 ± 6; BMI 24 ± 3, 25 ± 4 kg.m 2 respectively; means ± SD) and 8 fasted elderly versus 8 elderly with type II DM (age 66 ± 3 and 70 ± 6; BMI: 25 ± 4 vs. 32 ± 2 kg.m 2, respectively means ± SD) were measured using gas combustion mass spectrometry and Western blotting methods. Basal MPS rates were indistinguishable, but the elderly displayed a reduced anabolic responsiveness of MPS to EAA, possibly due to decreased intramuscular phosphorylation after EAA, of amino acid sensing/signalling proteins mTOR, p70 S6 kinase, 4E-BPI and eIF2Bs by —50 %. This was further exacerbated in elderly with type II DM whom exhibited reduced Ser2448 phosphorylation of mTOR by —50 %, reflecting decreased downstream signalling. Associated with the anabolic deficits were — 4-fold increases in NFiB protein, the inflammation-associated transcription factor, as well as —50 % and —20 % decreases in protein expression of p70 S6K of healthy elderly and elderly with type II DM, respectively. These results suggest that the elderly are unable to mount a full anabolic response to EAA and that this blunting is further pronounced in type II DM.
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Parvatiyar, Michelle S. "Predicting Cardiomyopathic Phenotypes by Altering the Calcium Affinity of Cardiac Troponin C." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/292.
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Cardiac diseases associated with mutations in Tn subunits include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Altered calcium handling in these diseases is evidenced by changes in the Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction. Mutations were generated to increase/ decrease the Ca2+ sensitivity of skinned fibers, and create the classified effects of DCM, HCM and RCM. This study mimicked the changes in Ca2+ sensitivity and relaxation properties of the muscle to determine if this was sufficient to recreate the disease. Four mutants (A23Q, S37G, V44Q, L48Q) were identified with RCM-like properties; a large increase in Ca2+ sensitivity, increased basal force and loss of ATPase inhibition. Two mutations were identified (E40A, I61Q) with DCM properties; decreased Ca2+ sensitivity in skinned fibers, decreased force recovery (%), and decreased activation of the ATPase at high Ca2+ levels (pCa 6-4). Also, the functional effects of four newly identified cTnC mutations associated with HCM were reported. Three of these HCM mutations A8V, C84Y, and D145E displayed HCM characteristics, increased Ca2+ sensitivity in skinned fibers and ATPase and A8V and D145E increased the force recovery. Only, D145E significantly increased the ATPase activation of the reconstituted thin filament. Also, Ca2+ affinity measurements using IAANS fluorescence were performed. No significant changes were found for E134D. The C84Y IAANS fluorescence measurements revealed that cTnC Ca2+ affinity of the cTn complex was unaltered. The Ca2+ affinity increased for D145E in isolated cTnC and the cTn complex, however in the regulated thin filament (RTF) with myosin subfragment-1 (S1) and rigor crossbridges the Ca2+ affinity values were similar to the fiber Ca2+ sensitivity. For A8V, the RTF significantly increased the Ca2+ affinity, and addition of S1 and rigor crossbridges caused the values to parallel the Ca2+ sensitivity values. In conclusion, direct and indirect protein-protein interactions contribute to the enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity of the HCM mutants. The cTnC mutant screen allowed selection of mutations that mimic the disease states: S37G (RCM) and, E40A (DCM); A8V (HCM) from the patient study for analysis in knock-in mice for futures studies to determine if these disease states can be recapitulated in vivo.
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Evers, Sarah E. "Altering the Urban Frontier: Gentrification and Public Parks in New York City." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/28.
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After decades of cuts to federal funding, cities were left with few resources for public services, particularly parks and open spaces. Current trends of massive gentrification in New York City are changing the housing market and other components of the private sector. In addition to altering socio-spatial dynamics in the housing and consumer markets, gentrification can alter public spaces as well. By comparing three New York City neighborhoods at different stages of gentrification, I analyzed socio-spatial dynamics, public and private funding, event programming, and ethnographically observed changes in the physical and social landscape of the park, and neighborhood, over time.
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Morrison, Janna L. "The effects of sleep altering pharmacological agents on ovine fetal behavioural state." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21051.pdf.
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Doerksen, Tonia Elaine. "Male mediated developmental effects of altering DNA methylation in the germ line." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0015/NQ55322.pdf.
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Paterson, William B. "Altering world order : the alter-globalization movement and the World Trade Organization." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/186.
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This thesis analyses the relationship between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the alter-globalization movement through the theoretical framework of Robert W. Cox. A Coxian perspective highlights that the WTO is a central international organization of the current nebuleuse, and one integral to enforcing, promoting and defending transnational corporate hegemony. The emergence of the protest movement inaccurately labelled the ‘anti-globalization movement’ can be described as a Coxian counter-hegemonic structure. From the plethora of protesters making up this ‘anti-globalization movement’ who dispute the legitimacy of the WTO, a distinct alter-globalization movement can be identified. It prescribes the alternative principles of public accountability, the rights of people and the protection of the environment as guides to reforming the WTO towards a Coxian ‘new multilateralism’. This thesis asks: to what extent has this alter-globalisation movement succeeded in altering the policies and processes of the WTO in accordance with these principles? In Coxian terms the questions of how far the campaign for ‘new multilateralism’ has successfully altered the hegemony of the current world order and avoided trasformismo are asserted. After illustrating corporate structural power within the WTO’s policies and procedures, the alter-globalisation movement is defined as an entity of overlapping social movements and Non-Governmental Organizations (Alter-NGOs). The thesis identifies and evaluates three strategies employed by the alter-globalisation movement to place its values at the heart of the WTO: demonstrations on the street; assisting developing states during negotiations; and submitting amicus briefs to the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). The obstacles presented by the WTO’s policy of trasformismo are then detailed, namely: political elites coopting the alter-globalization movement’s principles into their own rhetoric; the cooption of NGOs by political elites from the developing world, and the cooption of NGOs and the fierce rejection of any NGO influence within the WTO. In its conclusions the thesis details the manner in which trasformismo is a significant tool in the armoury of corporate hegemony for resisting reform, and thereby informs existing literature on the problems faced by all social movements and NGOs engaging with reforming the world order.