Academic literature on the topic 'Altération alimentaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Altération alimentaire"
Belaaloui, Ghania. "Crohn’s disease: between the genetic determinism and the epigenetic hope." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmstf.2015.2111.
Full textOry, F., P. Payoux, C. Thalamas, M. Simonetta-Moreau, P. Chaynes, Y. Lazorthes, O. Rascol, and Ch Brefel-Courbon. "D - 12 Altération du circuit fonctionnel du comportement alimentaire chez des patients parkinsoniens bénéficiant stimulation cérébrale profonde noyau sous thalamique." Revue Neurologique 163, no. 4 (April 2007): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-3787(07)90810-3.
Full textLibouban, Hélène, and Daniel Chappard. "Augmentation de l’ostéolyse tumorale et altération de l’expression des gènes du remodelage osseux dans un modèle murin de myélome associé à une carence calcique alimentaire." Morphologie 101, no. 335 (December 2017): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2017.07.015.
Full textReich, M., C. Lemogne, and S. Dauchy. "Stress et cancer : mythes et réalités." Psycho-Oncologie 13, no. 3-4 (December 2019): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/pson-2019-0102.
Full textVargas Castro, J. A., T. Grau, G. Faus, and M. Sanchez Povedano. "Répercussions des nouvelles technologies dans la santé mentale des enfants et des adolescents." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.022.
Full textAhmed, A. B., and J. A. Onyiah. "Conséquences des antibiotiques sur le repas de sang de certaines espèces de glossines." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9119.
Full textARNOULD, C., and C. LETERRIER. "Bien-être animal en élevage de poulets de chair." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 1 (March 6, 2007): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.1.3433.
Full textGenser, Laurent, Liping Dong, Laurence Barbot-Trystram, Adriana Torcivia, Jean-Christophe Vaillant, Philippe Wind, Joe Elie Salem, et al. "Altération de la perméabilité intestinale au cours de l’obésité humaine en réponse aux lipides alimentaires et liens avec les profils inflammatoires et métaboliques." Diabetes & Metabolism 43, no. 2 (March 2017): A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(17)30199-4.
Full textÁlvarez Jurado, Manuela. "Un acercamiento a la preocupación decimonónica por los fraudes alimentarios: La traducción y recepción en España del Dictionnaire des altérations et falsifications des substances alimentaires de Alphonse Chevallier." Onomázein Revista de lingüística, filología y traducción, no. 33 (August 5, 2016): 289–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/onomazein.33.17.
Full textMontet, Didier. "Les mycotoxines, facteurs de ségrégation économique alimentaire." Bulletin de l'Académie vétérinaire de France 175 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bavf.2022.70991.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Altération alimentaire"
Trebak, Fatima. "Le Comportement alimentaire : régulation par le neuropeptide hypothalamique EM66 et altération par les aflatoxines." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES030.
Full textFeeding behavior is regulated by a complex system of central and peripheral signals that cooperate to modulate the response to food intake. Central control is insured in particular by several hypothalamic neuropeptidergic systems exercising either orexigenic or anorexigenic neurones. More recently, 26RFa has been shown to be a neuropeptide with a strong orexigenic function. Another new neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II (SgII), EM66, is expressed in various hypothalamic nuclei known to regulate feeding behavior suggesting its involvement in the central control of this function. The first part of my research concerns the study of a possible implication of the EM66 in the hypothalamic regulation of food behavior and to determine its mechanism of action. Our results showed that the central administration of EM66 induces a drastic and dose-dependent inhibition of food intake (FI) in mice. The gene expression rate evaluation of the major orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, respectively NPY and POMC, as well as their receptors, reveals that the decrease in FI in mice injected with EM66 is associated with an increase in hypothalamic mRNAs levels of POMC and its specific receptor MC3R. This result is correlated with c-Fos neuronal activation in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), particularly in its lateral part known to harbor POMC neurons. On the other hand, our data showed that the central injection of EM66 does not modify the expression of the NPY or its Y1 and Y5 receptors. In order to further argue the anorexigenic role of EM66 particularly in obesity, we chose a High Fat (HFD) mouse model to test the gene expression level of neuropeptides for FI control. Our results showed a significant decrease in POMC mRNA level associated with a drastic decrease in SgII mRNA rate, while NPY gene expression was not affected. We also found that the gene expression of EM66 changes according to the nutritional status of our experimental model since a 48h fasting in HFD mice induces a decrease in the expression of the POMC and the SgII mRNA levels. These variations are not observed in mice fed with low-fat diet (LFD). All these data argue for the first time an anorexigenic role for EM66 in the regulation of eating behavior, especially through the activation of POMC neurons. Any imbalance affecting feeding behavior and thus the energy balance can be linked to various pathologies such as anorexia which may itself be linked to environmental factors. In this context, among the symptoms related to the repeated consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxins (AF), there is anorexia. In the second part of the study, we investigated the possible hypothalamic mechanisms of this anorexia related to the neurotoxic effects of AFB1. We evaluated the impact of AFB1 on the major orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides (NPY, orexin, AgRP, MCH) and anorexigenic neuropeptides (α-MSH, CART, TRH) and on the new anorexigenic peptide, EM 66. Following repeated rats treatment with ABF1, at low or high dose, there was a dose-dependent decrease in body weight gain in rats treated with ABF1. All the hypothalamic neuropeptides studied including EM66, that was proved to be targets to this toxin since our data show a dose-dependent decrease of their expression in response to AFB1. Such alterations may underlie appetite disorders associated with the decreased in body weight gain. In conclusion, our research assigns a central role to the neuropeptide EM66 in the regulation of feeding behavior as ana anorexigenic mediator via a mechanism that involves the melanocortin system. They also showed that both orexigenic and anorexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides, including EM66, are altered by repeated ingestion of AFB1 which could justify the loss of body weight, which could be related to anorexia
Daufouy, Guillaume. "Sélection d'aptamères pour la détection de spores de bactéries d'altération alimentaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0004.
Full textDue to their ability to form extremely heat-resistant spores, some non-pathogenic thermophilic bacteria are responsible for many spoilages of canned food products, resulting in high economic losses and food waste. Two species, Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Moorella thermoacetica, are mainly responsible for these contaminations and represent more than 65% of the cases of non-stability detected. The existing cultural and molecular methods have drawbacks in terms of analysis time and applicability in the field, which limits their use for the detection of the spores of these bacteria.This thesis work forms part of the Spores-Quantum project, which aims developing real-time analysis systems for the direct detection and quantification of G. stearothermophilus and M. thermoacetica spores in complex microbial environments. Supported by the Carnot Qualiment programme, it is the result of a collaboration between the Centre Technique de la Conservation des Produits Agricoles (CTCPA), an industrial technical reference center for French canning professionals, and the Biosensors, Analyses, Environment laboratory (BAE-LBBM, UAR 3579) of the University of Perpignan Via Domitia. More precisely, this thesis focused on the development of aptamers as specific recognition elements of the two target species. A Spore-SELEX protocol associated with emulsion PCR and high-throughput sequencing was successfully performed only for the selection of G. stearothermophilus spore specific aptamers. Then, 18 successive SELEX cycles, including 4 counter-selections cycles against 12 bacterial species commonly found along the production lines. Candidate sequences from cycle 18 revealed 70 over-represented sequences with copy numbers exceeding 0.15% of the total sequences obtained. In this group, the G001 aptamer showed a very high enrichment with a relative abundance higher than 18 %. The affinity and specificity for G. stearothermophilus spores of the 13 most abundant candidates at cycle 18 were confirmed by a PCR assay based on aptamer-spore complex formation and a filtration step. Other methods for determining aptamer/spore affinity were also explored and are presented in this manuscript. The obtained aptamers will be used in the near future for developing biosensors dedicated to the detection of G. stearothermophilus spores
Tozlovanu, Mariana. "Evaluation du risque de contamination alimentaire en mycotoxines néphrotoxiques et cancérogènes (notamment l’ochratoxine A) : Validation de biomarqueurs d’exposition et d’effet." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000691/.
Full textOchratoxin A (OTA), a ubiquitous food contaminant, is a mycotoxin (secondary metabolite of fungi), nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. The doal of our work was to establish a relation between the human exposure to OTA and the induction of cancers of the urinary tract. For a human, the contamination could take place via food chain. The work was subdivided in three parts (i) analysis of mycotoxins in food (ii) evaluation of the genotoxic mechanism (iii) field study. Altogether our work highlights the main role of OTA in the aetiology of urinary tract toumours. This toxin is cancerogenic after biotransformation into quinine derivative which leads to covalent DNA adduct. This study allows the validation of specific biomarkers of exposure and effect in relation with OTA
Quero, Laura. "Développement de la spectrométrie de masse MALDI -TOF pour l'identification des champignons filamenteux d'intérêt alimentaire et étude de leur résistance aux molécules biocides." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0109/document.
Full textSpoilage fungi represent a major cause of food and economic losses and certain species, which may produce mycotoxins, may also pose a threat to human and animal health. Thus, food safety and quality management relies notably on a good knowledge of the involved species. This knowledge is notably based on their fast and reliable identification and on the study of abiotic factors affecting their growth such as food preservatives, which are commonly used in the food industry. In this context, the objectives of this PhD. thesis were to develop MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for mold identification and to evaluate its potential for species complex differentiation and strain typing, and finally, to evaluate the use of laser nephelometry to monitor fungal growth in the presence of food preservatives.First, a robust database was developed with 6500 spectra corresponding to 136 spoilage fungi. Then, MALDI-TOF MS was successfully applied to differentiate 23 species of Aspergillus section Flavi and Penicillium roqueforti isolates belonging to 3 genetically distinct populations.Finally, in 14 fungal species, laser nephelometry allowed a high-throughput monitoring of their growth after exposition to 3 different food preservatives and the determination of their associated minimal inhibitory concentrations.Overall, the obtained results demonstrate the usefulness of alternative techniques for identification and characterization of food spoilage fungi
Simler, Nadine. "Altérations du comportement alimentaire en environnements externes : intégration centrale : étude chez le rongeur." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10258.
Full textExposure to extreme environments usually elicits alteration in feeding behavior in men and rodents. We studied the involvement of leptin and it’s central targets in the development of anorexia induced by psychogenic stress or altitude exposure. Our results suggested that restraint stress elicited SOCS-3 induction, modulated leptin signalling in hypothalamus, and was therefore likely to alter the regulation of body weight homeostasis. Using a rat model of genetic leptin receptor deficiency, the obese Zucker rat, we unequivocally demonstrated that altitude-induced anorexia could not be ascribed to anorectic signals triggered by enhanced leptin production. A third experiment suggested that the hypothalamic AMPKinase system may play a determinant role in the early stage of altitude-induced anorexia. The involvement of this system in other anorexigenic situations such as sustained exercise needs to be examined
Ochoa, Frias Melissa. "Etude des altérations périphériques et centrales induites par des régimes hyper-sucrés (glucose, fructose)." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSARB252.
Full textThe present studies explored behavioral, metabolic, and neurological alterations induced by prolonged exposure to high-fat diets differing in their source of carbohydrates: starch (S), glucose (G) or fructose (F) and fed at the same level of intake in adult Yucatan minipigs. The first study examined three-feed choice preferences, the eating microstructure of a single meal, and the feed motivation in a progressive ratio schedule for one of three diets containing S, G or F, before and after 8 weeks of dietary exposure. We described an initial preference and motivation for G in all animals and demonstrated that prolonged exposure to the fructose-containing diet induced a strong preference and motivation for F, whereas prolonged intake of starch- or glucose-containing diets did not induce or increase, the preference and motivation for these diets, respectively. In the second study we aimed at determining whether sugar-containing diets, especially F, could induce alterations on the metabolic phenotype (i. E. Plasma concentrations of insulin, metabolites and inflammation markers). We found substantial increases in body weight (BW), body adiposity, liver adiposity, liver volume, plasma insulin, triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acids after 8 weeks of dietary exposure regardless of the carbohydrate type. These data demonstrated that the metabolic changes observed following prolonged consumption of high-fat diets differing in their source of carbohydrate are not due to the carbohydrate type per se, but to the total excessive energy intake and increased body weight and adiposity. In our first study about the effects of chronic consumption of three carbohydrate-containing diets on eating behavior, we demonstrated the development of a strong fructose preference and motivation induced by prolonged consumption of fructose diet. We attributed this specific fructose-induced fructose preference to the sweeter taste of fructose compared to glucose and starch, to a fructose habituation leading to an increase of fructose palatability, as well as to effects on brain reward-related regions. In order to explore a possible association between modifications on eating behavior by sugars and and effects on brain reward-related regions we explored basal brain activity using positron emission tomography (PET) with 18- fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) following 7 months of dietary exposure. All animals had the same weight gain evolution throughout the experiment regardless of the carbohydrate ingested indicating that the observed differences in brain activity measured by PET-18FDG are not related to differences in body weight. F and G diets induced substantial changes in basal metabolic activity of several brain-reward related regions when compared to the starch-fed group, which might suggest that these sugars
Nauwelaërs, Gwendoline. "Effets génotoxiques des amines hétérocycliques aromatiques, contaminants alimentaires et environnementaux, chez l'homme." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S162.
Full textHeterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) are environmental contaminants most abundant in cooked meat and cigarette smoke. They are classified by the IARC as possible and probable human carcinogens and are likely to be involved in the increase in the incidence of several cancers. Today, it is essential to precise the human health risk associated with them. In this aim, the characterization of their genotoxic potential through DNA adducts formation and the study of their bioactivation pathways were first performed in human hepatocytes in primary culture, and extended to an extra-hepatic model: the human lymphocytes. Our study showed that HAA formed high levels of DNA adduct, comparable to those formed by the human carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl. They were also 10 to 100 times higher in human hepatocytes than those formed in rat. Lymphocytes can also activate HAA into DNA reactive compounds to form adducts. This study confirmed that HAA are greatly bioactivated in humans through specific metabolic pathways which could explain the different levels of damage observed in humans. The involvement of extra-hepatic tissues in this activation requires further studies. As according to our results, the DNA adducts are formed at low levels of exposure and are persistent, these contaminants are potentially harmful in humans and the associated danger could be underestimated in animal studies
Méquinion, Mathieu. "Altérations périphériques et centrales dans un modèle murin de restriction alimentaire chronique : rôle de la ghréline." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S055/document.
Full textChronic food restriction is one of the major features observed in anorexia nervosa (AN), especially in the restrictive type. This major eating disorder affects mainly teenager girls and young women. Additionally to the restriction behavior, important physical activity is observed in a large number of patients (40-80% of cases). This disease induces various physiological alterations that concern neuroendocrine, metabolic and bone (osteopenia, osteoporosis) pathways, which have dramatic consequences on the patient’s health. Moreover, many arguments suggest that AN could be considered like an "addictiv" disorder supported by an addiction to weight loss and/or food restriction or physical activity. It thus suggests modifications of the central dopaminergic reward system. Furthermore, whatever the origins or the causes of this disorder, AN leads to peripheral and central alterations that might be involved in an "adaptation" phase allowing patients surviving to these drastic conditions. For some patients, a phase of "chronicity" is described in which these physiological changes may worsen the patient conditions and contribute, when exhaustion is amplifying, to death. Our study points out ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone whose plasma concentrations are significantly increased in AN patients. Mainly secreted by stomach cells, it targets multiple peripheral organs as well as numerous neuronal structures in the brain. At the peripheral level, this hormone acts among others in the liver whose main function is the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. It acts also on the adipose tissue to promote its growth that is associated with lipid storage and on muscle resulting in a reduction of triglycerides stock. At the central nervous system level, ghrelin have various targets like the structures involved in the homeostatic as well as hedonic (motivation/reward) control of food intake through the hypothalamus and the meso-cortico-limbic system respectively.To study the involvement of ghrelin in the potential adaptive mechanisms, and even in the worsening of the disease, we have developed an animal model of chronic food restriction associated or not with physical activity, mimicking the physiological symptoms of AN. Our first objective was to characterize and to phenotype the mouse model by evaluating various physiological (metabolic, endocrine) factors in order to study in our second objective the role of ghrelin as a potential predictor of disease progression.We showed that our mouse model constitutes a pertinent model to study on a long term duration the physiological and central altérations described in the restrictive type AN. Moreover, we showed that moderate physical activity associated with food restriction had stabilizing effects on numerous metabolic parameters that may reduce an early exhaustion of energy stocks. Concerning the role of ghrelin in such model, its plasma concentrations were increased like in AN patients and were suggested to contribute to the adaptive regulation of energy metabolism
Vercruysse, Pauline. "Altérations hypothalamiques dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ064/document.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a major neurodegenerative disease characterised by a loss of upper and lower motor neurons. The loss of motor neurons leads to muscle atrophy and paralysis. Besides motor loss, weight loss is important in ALS patients. This symptom appears before first muscular symptoms and is correlated with survival. This defect of energetic metabolism is partially due to hypermetabolism associated with food intake problems. Hypothalamus is the part of brain controlling the energetic metabolism. The aim of my Ph.D. was to characterise hypothalamic alterations in ALS. First, we have shown a default in the melanocortin system of hypothalamus, and shown that this melanocortin defect correlates with alterations in food intake behaviour. Second, we demonstrated the existence of hypothalamic atrophy in ALS patients in the posterior part of the hypothalamus, including the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). This atrophy was correlated with weight loss. Finally, we observed that hypothalamic MCH neurons, located in the LHA, are affected in ALS, and that MCH complementation rescues weight loss in a mouse model of ALS
Ancel, Deborah. "Détection orosensorielle des lipides alimentaires chez la souris : mécanismes impliqués et altérations au cours de l'obésité." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS083/document.
Full textDietary lipids are detected by the gustatory system in rodents and humans. Two candidate lipid-receptors are found in taste buds: CD36, which is involved in the fat taste as shown by studies conducted in our laboratory, and GPR120. Our results show that GPR120 is not directly involved in the gustatory detection of lipids in mice, but could rather be involved in the modulation of the sensitivity for fat. When this gustatory system works properly, food choices can meet the organism’s energy needs. Besides, the pleasure brought by the consumption of palatable foods is satisfied. However, obese people often overconsume energy-dense food. In the central nervous system, perturbations of the reward mechanisms have been observed, but our data show that the peripheral detection system is also altered in obese mice. A reversible decrease in the gustatory sensitivity for lipids has been found in diet-induced obese mice (diet rich in saturated fatty acids). This phenomenon is the consequence of a deficiency in the regulation of the CD36-dependant calcium signaling in gustatory papillae. To determine the origin of these perturbations, the role of obese-associated metabolic endotoxemia (characterized by an increase in plasma LPS coming from the intestinal microbiota) was investigated. We showed that low-grade endotoxemia, when studied outside of the context of obesity, is insufficient to trigger an alteration of the oral lipid detection. The origin of this alteration is therefore multifactorial, probably involving a combination of hormonal and inflammatory modifications
Books on the topic "Altération alimentaire"
Bonnet, Valère. Précis d'analyse Microscopique des Denrées Alimentaires: Caractères, Procédés d'examen, Altérations et Falsifications. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
Find full textChevallier, Alphonse. Dictionnaire des Altérations et Falsifications des Substances Alimentaires Médicamenteuses et Commerciales: Avec líndication des Moyens de les Reconnaitre. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Altération alimentaire"
Raynaud-Simon, A. "Particularités du contrôle de la prise alimentaire et altération du goût liées à l’âge." In Traité de nutrition de la personne âgée, 65–71. Paris: Springer Paris, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-98117-3_8.
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