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Journal articles on the topic 'Alps, Western – Human ecology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Motta, Renzo, Mariano Morales, and Paola Nola. "Human land-use, forest dynamics and tree growth at the treeline in the Western Italian Alps." Annals of Forest Science 63, no. 7 (October 2006): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006055.

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2

Motta, Renzo, and Emanuele Lingua. "Human impact on size, age, and spatial structure in a mixed European larch and Swiss stone pine forest in the Western Italian Alps." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-107.

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Spatiotemporal development and human impact on dynamic processes were investigated in the mixed European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) subalpine forest of Lago Perso (Piedmont, Italy). We mapped and measured all 295 trees (DBH ≥4 cm) and 914 saplings (>10 cm height, <4 cm DBH) in a permanent plot (1 ha). One core per tree was extracted upslope at 50 cm height, and dendrochronological techniques were applied to reconstruct age structure and growth patterns. All of the data collected were stored in a GIS, and tree and stem crown maps were generated and analysed to quantify spatial patterns. Ripley's K(t) univariate and bivariate point pattern analyses were employed to assess the degree of spatial autocorrelation. Documentary research was conducted to reconstruct human land use. The stand is uneven-aged, and there were no obvious age cohorts or other evidence of major disturbances in the past. Stone pine saplings and trees and larch saplings exhibited a clumped structure. The same clumping was not so evident in larch trees. The observed structural changes are mainly related to human land use and grazing regime. Although human influence is still manifest, in the recent decades natural dynamics have become the predominant influence on the forest's structure and processes.

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3

Dubey, Sylvain, Guillaume Lavanchy, Jacques Thiébaud, and Christophe Dufresnes. "Herps without borders: a new newt case and a review of transalpine alien introductions in western Europe." Amphibia-Reptilia 40, no. 1 (2019): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20181028.

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Abstract Biogeographic processes have led to different evolutionary taxa occurring in the northern and southern edges of the Alpine Mountains in Western Europe. The integrity of this diversity is being challenged by frequent human-mediated trans-alpine translocations, sometimes leading to biological invasions. Several alien terrestrial vertebrates of south Alpine origins (Italy, Swiss Ticino) are causing damages to native north Alpine fauna. In this paper, we used molecular tools to characterize the understudied case of the Mediterranean smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris meridionalis) expanding in the outskirts of Geneva since its introduction before 1975. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequencing suggest that these exotic populations are a mixture between two diverged L. v. meridionalis lineages from central Italy, and traces of potential hybridization with the native L. v. vulgaris was detected. This situation echoes many other trans-alpine alien introductions. We review all comparable cases of southern to northern Alps introductions in vertebrates, including seven reptiles and four amphibians. The majority of south alpine alien lineages were presumably imported voluntarily by enthusiasts and appear to perform better in the disturbed habitats found in the anthropogenic landscapes of Western Europe compared to their native north Alpine counterparts. Most pose serious threats to related species of similar ecology, through direct competition, predation and introgressive hybridization. Difficulties to detect alien species on time lead to significant conservation costs. Better education together with more appropriate and reactive management plans will be necessary to limit the impact of future alien introductions.

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4

Cîmpean, Mirela, Anca-Mihaela Șuteu, Alexia Berindean, and Karina P. Battes. "Diversity of Spring Invertebrates and Their Habitats: A Story of Preferences." Diversity 14, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14050367.

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Springs, as unique ecotonal habitats between surface and hypogean areas, are considered endangered aquatic ecosystems due to direct and indirect human impacts and climate change issues. They are distinctive water habitats that are often inhabited by a diverse but mostly stenotypic group of organisms. The present study considered 31 springs from the Apuseni Mountains (the Romanian Carpathians) that were classified as rheocrene, helocrene, and limnocrene based on their geomorphology and hydrology. Samples from three substrate types (rocks, sand, and bryophytes) were collected using standard methods for crenic invertebrates. A total of 64,462 individuals belonging to 17 invertebrate taxa were identified: aquatic worms, mollusks, crustaceans, water mites, and insects. Amphipoda and Diptera–Chironomidae were the dominant taxa in most springs. At a community level, patterns of habitat preference were demonstrated for 12 invertebrate groups using the standardized selection index (B) and expressed as the number of springs where a certain group selected rocks, sand, and/or bryophytes: Four groups exhibited preferences for bryophytes (Coleoptera, Diptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera), Ephemeroptera exhibited preferences for rocks, and Copepoda exhibited preferences for sand. Amphipoda, Platyhelminthes, and Ostracoda displayed preferences for all three substratum types, while Gastropoda, Hydrachnidia, and Oligochaeta recorded lower percentages in springs where habitat preferences were significant. In addition, crenic invertebrates were divided into three guilds, depending on their dispersion abilities in any stage of their life cycle: sedentary (not-winged groups), mobile (winged groups), and ectoparasites (water mites that were able to leave the springs on their winged hosts). Sedentary taxa recorded higher percentages of abundances and habitat preferences towards rocks and sand, while ectoparasites (Hydrachnidia) and the mobile guilds tended to prefer bryophytes. This segregation might be explained by individual adaptations to the particularities of each type of substratum, such as the bodily form of the copepods, which are well suited for sand interstices, a habitat that our data showed that they preferred. Our results represent novel contributions to the knowledge of habitat preferences of spring invertebrates from the Apuseni Mountains, adding value to similar data from the Western Carpathians, the Alps, and the Dinaric region.

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5

Splendiani, Andrea, Patrick Berrebi, Christelle Tougard, Tommaso Righi, Nathalie Reynaud, Tatiana Fioravanti, Paolo Lo Conte, et al. "The role of the south-western Alps as a unidirectional corridor for Mediterranean brown trout (Salmo trutta complex) lineages." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 909–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa125.

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Abstract The role of the south-western Alps as a corridor for Mediterranean trout (Salmo trutta complex Linnaeus, 1758) was evaluated in order to understand the influence of the last glacial events in shaping the spatial distribution of the genetic diversity of this salmonid. For this, the allochthonous hypothesis of a man-mediated French origin (19th century) of the Mediterranean trout inhabiting the Po tributaries in the Italian side of the south-western Alps was tested. A total of 412 individuals were analysed at the mitochondrial control region. The phylogenetic classification was carried out by using a Median-Joining Network analysis. Mismatch pair-wise analysis, molecular dating and Kernel density distribution analysis of the main mitochondrial lineages were evaluated to compare past demographic dynamics with the current spatial distribution of genetic diversity. The main outcomes resulted strongly in agreement with a biogeographic scenario where the south-western Alps acted as a unidirectional corridor that permitted the colonization of the upper Durance (Rhône River basin) by trout from the Po River basin. Therefore, the Mediterranean trout should be considered as native also along the Italian side of the south-western Alps and the allochthonous hypothesis should be rejected.

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6

Parolini, Marco, Diego Antonioli, Franco Borgogno, Maria Cristina Gibellino, Jacopo Fresta, Carlo Albonico, Beatrice De Felice, et al. "Microplastic Contamination in Snow from Western Italian Alps." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020768.

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Recent studies have documented the presence of microplastics (MPs) in remote areas, including soils or sediments collected in mountain and glacier environments, but information on their presence in snow is scant. The present study aimed at exploring the presence of MPs in residual snow collected in four locations of the Aosta Valley (Western Italian Alps), with different accessibility and human presence. Overall, the µ-FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of 18 MPs in snow, 7 (39%) items were fibres, while 11 (61%) were fragments. Polyethylene (PE; 7 MPs) was the main polymer, followed by polyethylene terephthalate (PET; 3 MPs), high density PE (HDPE; 3 MPs), polyester (2 MPs), while only 1 MP made by low density PE, polypropylene and polyurethane were found. The mean (± SE) concentration of MPs in snow ranged between 0.39 ± 0.39 MPs/L and 4.91 ± 2.48 MPs/L, with a mean of 2.32 ± 0.96 MPs/L for the sampling locations. The concentration of MPs did not statistically differ among locations. Our results suggest that MPs presence in high-mountain ecosystems might depend on deposition through atmospheric precipitations or local sources due to human activities. For these reasons, policies aiming at reducing plastic use and dispersal in mountain areas may be effective in preventing local MP contamination.

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7

PORTER, STEPHEN c., and GIUSEPPE OROMBELLI. "Late-glacial ice advances in the western Italian Alps." Boreas 11, no. 2 (January 16, 2008): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1982.tb00530.x.

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8

Roder, Stefanie, François Biollaz, Stéphane Mettaz, Fridolin Zimmermann, Ralph Manz, Marc Kéry, Sergio Vignali, Luca Fumagalli, Raphaël Arlettaz, and Veronika Braunisch. "Deer density drives habitat use of establishing wolves in the Western European Alps." Journal of Applied Ecology 57, no. 5 (April 13, 2020): 995–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13609.

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9

Parisod, Christian. "Postglacial recolonisation of plants in the western Alps of Switzerland." Botanica Helvetica 118, no. 1 (June 2008): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00035-008-0825-3.

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10

Huemer, Peter, Ole Karsholt, and Christian Wieser. "Megacraspedus cottiensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from northern Italy – a case of taxonomic confusion." ZooKeys 963 (August 24, 2020): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.54842.

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Megacraspedus cottiensissp. nov. is described from the western Alps (prov. Torino, Italy). The dorsal habitus and genitalia for both the male and brachypterous female are provided. The new species belongs to the M. faunierensis species group based on genitalia morphology and DNA barcodes, and was hitherto confused with M. neli Huemer & Karsholt, 2018 from the southwestern Alps. However, it clearly differs in morphology and DNA barcode sequences from that species and from M. faunierensis Huemer & Karsholt, 2018. The new species is suspected of being a regional endemic of the Cottian Alps.

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11

Dematteis, Elisabetta Ravizza, and Gilles Vinçon. "Leuctra ravizzaian Orophilic new species ofLeuctrafrom the Western Alps (Plecoptera)." Aquatic Insects 16, no. 2 (April 1994): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650429409361541.

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12

MISERERE, Luca, Franco MONTACCHINI, and Giorgio BUFFA. "Ecology of some mire and bog plant communities in the Western Italian Alps." Journal of Limnology 62, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2003.88.

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13

Dakskobler, Igor, Andrej Martinčič, and Daniel Rojšek. "Phytosociological Analysis Of Communities With Adiantum Capillusveneris In The Foothills Of The Julian Alps (Western Slovenia)." Hacquetia 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2014-0016.

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Abstract We conducted a phytosociological study of the communities hosting the rare and endangered fern Adiantum capillus-veneris in the foothills of the Julian Alps, in Karst and in Istria. Based on a comparison with similar communities elsewhere in the southern Alps (northern Italy) we classified most of the recorded stands into the syntaxa Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum and -cratoneuretosum commutati. Releves from the southern Julian Alps, located in comparatively slightly colder and moister local climate and the dolomite bedrock are classified into the new subassociation -hymenostylietosum recurvirostri subass. nova. Stands with the abundant occurrence of the liverwort Conocephalum conicum, are classified in to the new subassociation -conocephaletosum conici subass. nova. Stands in conglomerate rock shelters along the Soča at Solkan are classified into the new association Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum ass. nova, a community of transitional character between the classes Adiantetea capilli-veneris and Asplenietea trichomanis.

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14

Sérusiaux, Emmanuël, Pieter van den Boom, and Nicolas Magain. "Ramalina arsenii, an additional new species in the R. pollinaria group in Western Europe." Lichenologist 53, no. 6 (November 2021): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282921000372.

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AbstractRamalina arsenii sp. nov. belongs to the R. pollinaria group and is easily recognized by its ITS barcode and several micro-morphological characters that are diagnostic in a European context: small size, less than 3 cm long; soralia developing on the underside of lobe apices; absence of excavate depressions on the lower side. Its ecological niche (i.e. rock outcrops and especially underhangs of slightly calcareous rocks, at low and mid altitudes) is also unique. Ramalina arsenii is frequent and locally abundant in France (Alps, Cantal) and Switzerland (western Alps), and is also known from Germany and the Spanish side of the Pyrenees.

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15

Hein, Gerrit, Petr Kolínský, Irene Bianchi, Götz Bokelmann, György Hetényi, Rafael Abreu, Ivo Allegretti, et al. "Shear wave splitting in the Alpine region." Geophysical Journal International 227, no. 3 (August 9, 2021): 1996–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab305.

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SUMMARY To constrain seismic anisotropy under and around the Alps in Europe, we study SKS shear wave splitting from the region densely covered by the AlpArray seismic network. We apply a technique based on measuring the splitting intensity, constraining well both the fast orientation and the splitting delay. Four years of teleseismic earthquake data were processed, from 723 temporary and permanent broad-band stations of the AlpArray deployment including ocean-bottom seismometers, providing a spatial coverage that is unprecedented. The technique is applied automatically (without human intervention), and it thus provides a reproducible image of anisotropic structure in and around the Alpine region. As in earlier studies, we observe a coherent rotation of fast axes in the western part of the Alpine chain, and a region of homogeneous fast orientation in the Central Alps. The spatial variation of splitting delay times is particularly interesting though. On one hand, there is a clear positive correlation with Alpine topography, suggesting that part of the seismic anisotropy (deformation) is caused by the Alpine orogeny. On the other hand, anisotropic strength around the mountain chain shows a distinct contrast between the Western and Eastern Alps. This difference is best explained by the more active mantle flow around the Western Alps. The new observational constraints, especially the splitting delay, provide new information on Alpine geodynamics.

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16

Cannings, Robert A. "Taxonomy and distribution of Lasiopogon montanus Schiner and L. bellardii Jaennicke (Diptera: Asilidae), two common robber flies from the mountains of Western and Central Europe." Insect Systematics & Evolution 27, no. 3 (1996): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631296x00115.

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AbstractThe taxonomic status of Lasiopogon montanus Schiner and L. bellardii Jaennicke is clarified. New diagnostic characters from the internal male genitalia conclusively separate the two species. In particular, the gonostylus apex is long and sickle-shaped in L. bellardii and shorter and toothed in L. montanus. Thus, L. bellardii is not a synonym of L. montanus as has usually been supposed, but is a distinct species found predominantly in the Alps, with only two specimens known from the Balkans. L. montanus is more widespread, ranging from the Alps east to Romania and south to Albania and Greece. Lectotypes of both species are designated.

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17

Fouinat, Laurent, Pierre Sabatier, Fernand David, Xavier Montet, Philippe Schoeneich, Eric Chaumillon, Jérôme Poulenard, and Fabien Arnaud. "Wet avalanches: long-term evolution in the Western Alps under climate and human forcing." Climate of the Past 14, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 1299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1299-2018.

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Abstract. Understanding wet avalanche intensity and the role of past environmental changes on wet avalanche occurrence is a main concern especially in the context of a warming climate and accelerated environmental mutations. Avalanches are closely related to fast cryosphere changes and may cause major threats to human society. Here, we used the sedimentary archive of the Alpine Lake Lauvitel (Lac du Lauvitel; western French Alps) to establish the first long-term avalanche record in this Alpine region. For this purpose, we used a novel CT-scan methodology that allows the precise identification of coarse material – from sand to pebble – transported to the lake and embedded within the finer continuous sedimentation. We identified a total of 166 deposits over the last 3300 yr cal. BP. In parallel, a detailed pollen analysis gave an independent record of environmental changes. Based on modern observation, lake monitoring, seismic investigations and sedimentological evidences, coarse material deposits were attributed to wet avalanche events. Our results highlight the effect of vegetation cover on the avalanche hazard while a period of strong frequency increase occurred after 780 yr cal. BP. In Lake Lauvitel, this period corresponds to a major forest clearance induced by the rise of human land use. Climate forcing on the avalanche hazard was investigated before and after the vegetation shift. On a multicentennial scale, wet avalanches preferably occur during periods of larger glacier extent, in which higher winter precipitation probably generates a sufficiently thick snow cover. On a sub-centennial scale, avalanches are more frequent during periods of relative warming, resulting in a destabilization of the same snow cover in spring season. Our results highlight as well the role of forest cover in mitigating wet snow avalanches' occurrence. In the context of predicted warmer temperatures, this study raises the question of whether a wet avalanche hazard increase may be expected in the near future especially at higher altitudes.

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18

Serra, Elena, Fabio Magrani, Pierre G. Valla, Natacha Gribenski, Julien Carcaillet, and David Lundbek Egholm. "Lateglacial paleoglacier and paleoclimate reconstructions in the north-western Italian Alps." Quaternary Science Reviews 298 (December 2022): 107822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107822.

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19

Germann, Christoph. "Hypera temperei Hoffmann, 1958 – first discovery of the western alpine element in the Swiss Alps with biological details, and new morphological insights (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)." Alpine Entomology 5 (March 9, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.5.61597.

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Since its description based on a single female from the Maritime Alps in France, no other localities of this enigmatic alpine species have become public. In a scree slope in the Valais at high montane altitude Hypera temperei Hoffmann, 1958 was discovered for the first time elsewhere, in Switzerland. The species’ biology is unravelled, its habitat is described, and photographs of the male, larvae and pupa are presented. The re-investigation of the species morphology revealed that Hypera temperei is closest to H. postica (Gyllenhal, 1813), and not to H. viciae (Gyllenhal, 1813) as previously supposed. A revision of specimens in collections revealed that H. temperei is distributed even more eastern in the alpine Arc in Grisons at high montane to high alpine altitudes. Hence the species shows a considerably wider distribution in the Alps than supposed before.

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20

Siniscalco, C., E. Barni, and G. Bacaro. "Non-native species distribution along the elevation gradient in the western Italian Alps." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 145, no. 1 (March 2011): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2010.540786.

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21

Marcuzzi, G., and M. Tasso. "Mortality of the German linguistic isolates of the Western Italian Alps (Walser)." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 52, no. 3 (September 27, 1994): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/52/1994/239.

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22

Pintaldi, Emanuele, Michele E. D’Amico, Silvia Stanchi, Marcella Catoni, Michele Freppaz, and Eleonora Bonifacio. "Humus forms affect soil susceptibility to water erosion in the Western Italian Alps." Applied Soil Ecology 123 (February 2018): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.04.007.

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23

Lucchini, V., E. Fabbri, F. Marucco, S. Ricci, L. Boitani, and E. Randi. "Noninvasive molecular tracking of colonizing wolf (Canis lupus ) packs in the western Italian Alps." Molecular Ecology 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2002): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01489.x.

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24

Crovetto, Federico, and Sebastiano Salvidio. "Feeding habits of the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis, from North-Western Italian Alps." Folia Zoologica 62, no. 4 (December 2013): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v62.i4.a3.2013.

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25

Berruti, Gabriele L. F., Davide F. Bertè, Sandro Caracausi, Sara Daffara, Cristiana Ferreira, Francesca Garanzini, Francesco Rubat Borel, and Luca Scoz. "New evidence of human frequentations in the western Alps: The project “Survey Alta Valsessera (Piedmont–Italy)”." Quaternary International 402 (May 2016): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.073.

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26

Ndiribe, Charlotte, Loïc Pellissier, Anne Dubuis, Pascal Vittoz, Nicolas Salamin, and Antoine Guisan. "Plant functional and phylogenetic turnover correlate with climate and land use in the Western Swiss Alps." Journal of Plant Ecology 7, no. 5 (December 31, 2013): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtt064.

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27

Kreuzer, Marco, Andreas Tribsch, and Reto Nyffeler. "Ecological and genetic differentiation of two subspecies of Saussurea alpina in the Western Alps." Alpine Botany 124, no. 1 (April 2014): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00035-014-0128-9.

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28

D'Amico, Michele E., Francesca Calabrese, Andrea Rossetti, and Franco Previtali. "Heavy Metals and Biological Properties of Subalpine Soils on Ophiolites in the Italian Western Alps." Northeastern Naturalist 16, sp5 (June 2009): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.016.0516.

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29

Riccieri, Alessandra, Emiliano Mancini, Mattia Iannella, Daniele Salvi, and Marco A. Bologna. "Phylogenetics and population structure of the steppe species Hycleus polymorphus (Coleoptera: Meloidae: Mylabrini) reveal multiple refugia in Mediterranean mountain ranges." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130, no. 3 (May 27, 2020): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa056.

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Abstract Many continental species distributed in the Eurasian steppe occur as relict populations in the mountains of Western Europe. Their biogeographical responses to Quaternary climate changes have been poorly studied; however, they could have responded as cold-adapted species. We investigated the biogeographic history of a steppe beetle, Hycleus polymorphus, using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (COI, CAD, ITS2), and species distribution modelling (SDM) under present and past bioclimatic envelopes. We first performed a phylogenetic assessment to define species boundaries within the H. polymorphus species group. Specimens previously treated as Hycleus humerosus on morphological grounds are assigned to H. polymorphus, and those identified as Hycleus zebraeus assigned to Hycleus atratus. ITS2 data analyses revealed a strong phylogeographical structure of H. polymorphus populations, with four haplogroups corresponding to the (i) Italian Alps, (ii) French Alps and Pyrenees, (iii) South Balkan and Pontic mountains, and (iv) North Dinaric Alps. Based on these analyses and the SDM, we propose that during a glacial period, following the spread of steppic habitat, H. polymorphus underwent a range expansion from Asia to South-West Europe. Within the Mediterranean area, during the last interglacial the climatic suitability for the species was limited to mountains that acted as refugia and prompted allopatric divergence into four main lineages.

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30

Burckhardt, Daniel. "Eryngiofaga perrara sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) from Mount Pilatus (Obwalden), a new species of a genus previously unknown from Switzerland or the Alps." Alpine Entomology 6 (December 6, 2022): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.97595.

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Eryngiofaga perrarasp. nov. is described, diagnosed and illustrated from two adult specimens found on Mount Pilatus (Switzerland, Obwalden). The new species is morphologically most similar to E. matura (Loginova, 1972), a species from Mongolia, from which it differs in the light genal processes and in details of the terminalia. Eryngiofaga consists of 13 previously described species of which five occur in Central and Western Europe. Up to now, the genus was not known from Switzerland or the Alps. The host plant of E. perrara remains unknown, but Bupleurum ranunculoides L. (Apiaceae) is a likely candidate.

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Dakskobler, Igor, and Andrej Seliškar. "Two new montane grassland communities from the SE Alps (N Slovenia)." Hacquetia 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hacq-2016-0008.

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Abstract On very steep dolomite slopes in the western foothills of the Kamnik Alps (Ravni hrib, Javorov vrh, Zaplata, Kriška gora) and southwestern Karavanke Mountains (Dobrča) we conducted a phytosociological study into montane grasslands (former hay meadows, partly pastures) where Gladiolus palustris, a species of European conservation concern, also occasionally occurs. They were compared with similar montane grasslands (former hay meadows) on sunny slopes of the Stol ridge above Breginj in the southwestern foothills of the Julian Alps. Based on this comparison we described three new syntaxa: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris gladioletosum palustris, Festuco amethystinae-Seslerietum calcariae and Pediculari julici-Bromopsietum transsilvanicae. Both new associations are classified into the alliance Caricion austroalpinae and treated as a long-term successional stage in the belt of altimontane beech forests from the association Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum.

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Fernández-Sirera, L., O. Cabezón, A. Dematteis, L. Rossi, P. G. Meneguz, M. S. Gennero, A. Allepuz, R. Rosell, S. Lavín, and I. Marco. "Survey of Pestivirus infection in wild and domestic ungulates from south-western Italian Alps." European Journal of Wildlife Research 58, no. 2 (November 9, 2011): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-011-0591-1.

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33

Ravizza, Carlalberto. "Leuctra gardinii, an apterous new species of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from the western Italian Alps." Aquatic Insects 27, no. 2 (June 2005): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650420512331390681.

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HOHLA, MICHAEL, KONRAD PAGITZ, and GERGELY KIRÁLY. "Hidden on both sides of the Alps: Rubus noricus, a new species of bramble (Rosaceae) from Austria and Germany." Phytotaxa 489, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.1.1.

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Rubus ser. Rhamnifolii includes apomictic polyploid species, which occur in north-western and central Europe, with rare outposts to eastern central Europe. A regionally distributed tetraploid species of the series occurring north and south of the Eastern Alps in Austria and Germany, Rubus noricus is described here. The new species is morphologically compared with similar taxa of the series, moreover, comprehensive iconography, data on distribution and ecology are presented.

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Nicolotti, G., and P. Gonthier. "Stump treatment against Heterobasidion with Phlebiopsis gigantea and some chemicals in Picea abies stands in the western Alps." Forest Pathology 35, no. 5 (October 2005): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2005.00419.x.

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36

Seppey, Christophe V. W., Olivier Broennimann, Aline Buri, Erika Yashiro, Eric Pinto‐Figueroa, David Singer, Quentin Blandenier, et al. "Soil protist diversity in the Swiss western Alps is better predicted by topo‐climatic than by edaphic variables." Journal of Biogeography 47, no. 4 (April 2020): 866–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13755.

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37

Cupedo, Frans, and Camiel Doorenweerd. "Mitochondrial DNA-based phylogeography of the large ringlet Erebia euryale (Esper, 1805) suggests recurrent Alpine-Carpathian disjunctions during Pleistocene (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)." Nota Lepidopterologica 45 (January 19, 2022): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.68138.

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Most species of the butterfly genus Erebia are high altitude specialists, in which territorial fragmentation is associated with distinct genetic patterns. This is also true for the large ringlet, Erebia euryale (Esper, 1805), a species widespread across European mountain systems. Previous molecular studies revealed four lineages: two in the Alps, coinciding with the ssp. adyte and isarica, one in the Pyrenees and Cantabria (ssp. pyraenaeicola), and one in the Carpathians and the Balkans (ssp. syrmia). Two morphological subspecies inhabiting delimited ranges in the southern Alps (ssp. pseudoadyte and kunzi) were not included in these studies. To further our understanding of the relationships between populations, both the Alpine and the extra Alpine ones, we sequenced 1,496 bp of the COI gene in 16 Alpine and Jurassian populations and analysed them in combination with published Pyrenean and Carpathian sequences. The resulting haplotype network shows five lineages, congruent with the morphologic delineation of subspecies. Based on the current distribution ranges and genetic affinities, we reconstructed a pre-Würm phylogeographic scenario. This suggests an initial split resulting in an Alpine and a Carpathian clade, probably of Carpathian origin. Within the Alps, three subspecies subsequently differentiated, probably during several glacial cycles, generating ssp. adyte, pseudoadyte and kunzi. In parallel, the Carpathian clade underwent a second Alpine–Carpathian disjunction and differentiated into ssp. euryale and syrmia in the Carpathians, and ssp. ocellaris and isarica in the eastern Alps, revealing a heterogeneous origin of the E. euryale subspecies across the Alps. The Pyrenean and Jurassian populations are a relatively young divergence in the western part of the species’ range.

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Colozza, Francesca, Elisabetta Fenoglio, Davide Barberis, and Michele Lonati. "A new association with Patzkea paniculata on serpentine substrates at low elevations in the western Alps (Italy)." Plant Sociology 59, no. 2 (November 22, 2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pls2022592/02.

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Patzkea paniculata usually dominates grassland communities in the subalpine and alpine belts. The analysis of a unique vegetation community found at low altitudes growing on serpentinitic substrates in the North-Western Alps (Italy) dominated by P. paniculata, is hereby presented. These communities are substantially different from already described alpine communities, framed in the alliance Festucion variae (class Caricetea curvulae, order Festucetalia spadiceae) and typical of higher elevations. Syntaxonomic and ecological investigations were performed to provide a correct phytosociological framework for these grasslands. The new association Potentillo albae-Patzkeetum paniculatae ass. nova is here described, with two different variants, one co-dominated by Bromopsis erecta and the second with co-dominance of Molinia arundinacea. It is a secondary grassland of arid environments attributable to the alliance Bromion erecti (class Festuco valesiacae-Brometea erecti), and characterized by the presence of numerous species, both rare and typical of serpentinitic substrates.

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CONTI, FABIO, LAURA GUGLIELMONE, RICCARDO PENNESI, and FABRIZIO BARTOLUCCI. "Typification of the name Astragalus vulnerarioides, basionym of Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. vulnerarioides (Fabaceae), and notes on its distribution." Phytotaxa 261, no. 3 (May 20, 2016): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.12.

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Astragalus vulnerarioides Allioni (1785a: 343) was first described from Mt. Cenis, between the Cottian and Graian Alps (western Alps, France), probably based on herbarium specimens collected by Allioni. The author cited two illustrations in the protologue, which are consequently original material for the name (Art. 9.3 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012). The illustrations were drawn by F. Peyrolery. The first was published in the third volume of Flora Pedemontana (T. XIX, Fig. 2, Allioni 1785b), while the second is an unpublished illustration from the Iconographia Taurinensis (Vol. XV, T. 79, Fig. 2, 1765), a collection of watercolours from the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries, housed in the Library of the Department of Plant Biology of the University of Torino (Forneris 2008). Both these illustrations match Allioni’s’ diagnosis, were cited in the protologue and correspond to the current concept of the species.

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Pittet, Loïc, Yann Fragnière, Sandra Grünig, Sébastien Bétrisey, Benoît Clément, Emanuel Gerber, Michał Ronikier, Gregor Kozlowski, and Christian Parisod. "Genetic structure of the endemic Papaver occidentale indicates survival and immigration in the Western Prealps." Alpine Botany 130, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00035-020-00238-3.

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Abstract Climatic oscillations of the Quaternary rapidly compelled plant species to shift their geographical range. How alpine plant species responded to climate change, however, remains elusive and remnants of the cold-adapted flora that currently strive in restricted ranges as small, isolated populations have been particularly overlooked. To address the evolutionary history of such a ‘glacial relict’, we here sampled and genotyped all known native populations of a narrow endemic species from the northwestern Alps, Papaver occidentale, as well as closely related taxa with double digest restriction-site Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. Spatial patterns of genetic variation across populations coupled with insights from climatic niche modelling through time address underpinings of the long-term persistence of the species in face of climate changes. Evidence from population genetics and ecological modelling indicates that P. occidentale likely persisted through the last glacial maximum outside of the Western Prealps and that a major lineage recolonized the area from lower elevation, external regions. Differentiated lineages at the Northern margins of the species distribution range highlight highly divergent and geographically restricted populations that include considerable share of private markers and may indicate local glacial survival in isolated conditions. Our data thus imply that processes having shaped intraspecific spatial genetic structure within the Alps can be complex and lead to mosaic of populations with a mixed-history of local survival and immigration. A better understanding of spatio-temporal aspects of range contraction–expansion is crucial to shed light on processes underlying the evolution of remnant populations of such endemic species and set conservation priorities considering current climate changes.

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Serra, Elena, Pierre G. Valla, Natacha Gribenski, Julien Carcaillet, and Philip Deline. "Post-LGM glacial and geomorphic evolution of the Dora Baltea valley (western Italian Alps)." Quaternary Science Reviews 282 (April 2022): 107446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107446.

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Barni, E., and Consolata Siniscalco. "Vegetation dynamics and arbuscular mycorrhiza in old-field successions of the western Italian Alps." Mycorrhiza 10, no. 2 (August 25, 2000): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720000059.

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PARISOD, CHRISTIAN, and GUILLAUME BESNARD. "Glacial in situ survival in the Western Alps and polytopic autopolyploidy in Biscutella laevigata L. (Brassicaceae)." Molecular Ecology 16, no. 13 (July 2007): 2755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03315.x.

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Gallou, Arnaud, Yann Baillet, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, and Laurence Després. "Elevational gradient and human effects on butterfly species richness in the French Alps." Ecology and Evolution 7, no. 11 (April 15, 2017): 3672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2803.

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Danna, Cristina, Laura Poggio, Antonella Smeriglio, Mauro Mariotti, and Laura Cornara. "Ethnomedicinal and Ethnobotanical Survey in the Aosta Valley Side of the Gran Paradiso National Park (Western Alps, Italy)." Plants 11, no. 2 (January 9, 2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11020170.

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Most of traditional knowledge about plants and their uses is fast disappearing because of socio-economic and land use changes. This trend is also occurring in bio-cultural refugia, such as mountain areas. New data on Traditional Ethnobotanical Knowledge (TEK) of Italian alpine regions were collected relating to three valleys (Cogne, Valsavarenche, Rhêmes) of the Gran Paradiso National Park. Extensive dialogues and semi-structured interviews with 68 native informants (30 men, 38 women; mean age 70) were carried out between 2017 and 2019. A total of 3918 reports were collected, concerning 217 taxa (including 10 mushrooms, 1 lichen) mainly used for medicinal (42%) and food (33%) purposes. Minor uses were related to liquor making (7%), domestic (7%), veterinary (5%), forage (4%), cosmetic (1%) and other (2%). Medicinal plants were used to treat 14 ailment categories, of which the most important were respiratory (22%), digestive (19%), skin (13%), musculoskeletal (10%) and genitourinary (10%) diseases. Data were also evaluated by quantitative ethnobotanical indexes. The results show a rich and alive traditional knowledge concerning plants uses in the Gran Paradiso National Park. Plants resources may provide new opportunities from the scientific point of view, for the valorization of local products for health community and for sustainable land management.

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Zecca, Giovanni, Gabriele Casazza, Stefano Piscopo, Luigi Minuto, and Fabrizio Grassi. "Are the responses of plant species to Quaternary climatic changes idiosyncratic? A demographic perspective from the Western Alps." Plant Ecology & Diversity 10, no. 4 (July 4, 2017): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2017.1393702.

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47

Vinçon, Gilles, Carlalberto Ravizza, and Jacques Aubert. "Leuctra subalpinaa new species of Leuctridae (Insecta, Plecoptera) from the Western Alps and the Apennines." Aquatic Insects 17, no. 3 (July 1995): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650429509361585.

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GRAF, WOLFRAM, and SIMON VITECEK. "A new species of Limnephilidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Western Alps (Insecta: Trichoptera)." Zootaxa 4085, no. 3 (March 3, 2016): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4085.3.6.

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Gazzola, A., I. Bertelli, E. Avanzinelli, A. Tolosano, P. Bertotto, and M. Apollonio. "Predation by wolves (Canis lupus) on wild and domestic ungulates of the western Alps, Italy." Journal of Zoology 266, no. 2 (June 2005): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836905006801.

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WARINGER, JOHANN, MARCOS A. GONZÁLEZ, LUIS MARTÍN, JESÚS MARTÍNEZ, FELICITAS ERZINGER, and STEFFEN U. PAULS. "DNA-based association and description of the larval stage of Apatania theischingerorum Malicky 1981 (Trichoptera, Apataniidae), with notes on its ecology." Zootaxa 4418, no. 2 (May 7, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4418.2.5.

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The hitherto unknown larva of Apatania theischingerorum Malicky 1981 is described, based on the association with adult females using sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase region. Genetic data confirmed the distinct status of this taxon within the parthenogenetic Apatania muliebris complex (Schmid 1954). We provide information on the morphology of the larva and figure the most important diagnostic features. Apatania theischingerorum is morphologically close to A. fimbriata (Pictet 1834). In the context of the Apataniidae key of Waringer et al. (2015), the species pair can be separated by pleural setation patterns on abdominal segment I and by their distribution ranges in Europe: A. fimbriata is known from the Alps, the western and central highlands, the western plains, the Hungarian lowlands and the Carpathians, whereas A. theischingerorum has been recorded exclusively on the Iberian peninsula.

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