Journal articles on the topic 'Alpine zone'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Alpine zone.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Alpine zone.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wan, H., X. Y. Wang, P. Guo, and X. Y. Jin. "DIGITAL EXTRACTION AND CHANGE ANALYSIS OF ALTITUDINAL NATURAL ZONES IN TIANSHAN TOMUR NATURAL HERITAGE SITE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 649–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-649-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Tomur Natural Heritage Site possesses the most typical altitudinal natural zones on the south slope of the Tianshan Mountains. Five altitudinal zones have developed on the south faced slope, including: warm temperate desert zone, mountain steppe zone, alpine meadow zone, alpine cushion vegetation zone and ice-snow zone. The demarcation elevation of the altitudinal natural zones on the south slope was extracted based on surface classification data, DEM and NDVI of the 1992 and 2016 Landsat TM/OLI data. The results showed that the demarcation elevation between the warm temperate desert zone and the mountain steppe zone rose by 6 m, the mountain steppe zone and the alpine meadow zone fell by 25 m, the alpine meadow zone and the alpine cushion vegetation zone moves up by 26 m, and the lower limit of the ice-snow zone rose by 11 m.
2
Joshi, H., and Sher Samant. "Change in structural and compositional diversity with altitude: a study from Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR), West Himalaya, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-km91x3.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the structural and compositional pattern of forest communities in the temperate and sub-alpine zones of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. It gives information about 344 species belonging to 227 genera and 95 families of vascular plants recorded between 2100 to 3600m amsl. These species include 40 trees, 64 shrubs and 240 herbaceous species distributed within 13 forest communities. It was found that the density of trees, seedlings, saplings and shrubs was higher in temperate zone than sub-alpine zone. However, density of herbs was lower in temperate zone in comparison to sub-alpine zone. This paper also gives information on distribution of native, endemic, economically important and rare-endangered species in different communities. Finally, the communities and species have been prioritized for conservation.
3
Dakskobler, Igor, Boštjan Surina, and Tone Wraber. "Phytosociological analysis of acidophytic alpine mat-grass swards in the Julian Alps and the Karawanks." Hacquetia 21, no. 2 (July 9, 2022): 253–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2022-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Acidophytic alpine mat-grass swards are rare in the alpine belt of the predominantly calcareous Southeastern Alps of Slovenia, mostly occurring where limestone is admixed with marlstone or chert. Those for which we were able to make phytosociological relevés can be classified mainly into two syntaxa: Carici curvulae-Nardetum strictae vaccinietosum gaultherioidis and Sieversio-Nardetum strictae vaccinietosum. At slightly lower elevations, in the forest zone of the subalpine plateau Pokljuka, we found similar swards occupying small areas in frost hollows with luvisol on limestone. They include character species of various subalpine-alpine sward and snow bed communities and are classified into the syntaxon Homogyno alpinae-Nardetum scorzoneroidetosum croceae.
4
Williams, Jack N., Virginia G. Toy, Cécile Massiot, David D. McNamara, Steven A. F. Smith, and Steven Mills. "Controls on fault zone structure and brittle fracturing in the foliated hanging wall of the Alpine Fault." Solid Earth 9, no. 2 (April 23, 2018): 469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-469-2018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Three datasets are used to quantify fracture density, orientation, and fill in the foliated hanging wall of the Alpine Fault: (1) X-ray computed tomography (CT) images of drill core collected within 25 m of its principal slip zones (PSZs) during the first phase of the Deep Fault Drilling Project that were reoriented with respect to borehole televiewer images, (2) field measurements from creek sections up to 500 m from the PSZs, and (3) CT images of oriented drill core collected during the Amethyst Hydro Project at distances of ∼ 0.7–2 km from the PSZs. Results show that within 160 m of the PSZs in foliated cataclasites and ultramylonites, gouge-filled fractures exhibit a wide range of orientations. At these distances, fractures are interpreted to have formed at relatively high confining pressures and/or in rocks that had a weak mechanical anisotropy. Conversely, at distances greater than 160 m from the PSZs, fractures are typically open and subparallel to the mylonitic or schistose foliation, implying that fracturing occurred at low confining pressures and/or in rocks that were mechanically anisotropic. Fracture density is similar across the ∼ 500 m width of the field transects. By combining our datasets with measurements of permeability and seismic velocity around the Alpine Fault, we further develop the hierarchical model for hanging-wall damage structure that was proposed by Townend et al. (2017). The wider zone of foliation-parallel fractures represents an outer damage zone that forms at shallow depths. The distinct < 160 m wide interval of widely oriented gouge-filled fractures constitutes an inner damage zone. This zone is interpreted to extend towards the base of the seismogenic crust given that its width is comparable to (1) the Alpine Fault low-velocity zone detected by fault zone guided waves and (2) damage zones reported from other exhumed large-displacement faults. In summary, a narrow zone of fracturing at the base of the Alpine Fault's hanging-wall seismogenic crust is anticipated to widen at shallow depths, which is consistent with fault zone flower structure models.
5
Cripps, Cathy, Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schuetz, Henry Beker, Vera Evenson, and Egon Horak. "The genus Hebeloma in the Rocky Mountain Alpine Zone." MycoKeys 46 (February 11, 2019): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous taxa ofHebelomahave been reported in association withSalix,Dryas, andBetulain arctic-alpine habitats. However, species are notoriously difficult to delineate because morphological features overlap, and previously there was little reliable molecular data available. Recent progress in ITS-sequencing within the genus, coupled with an extensive database of parametrically described collections, now allows comparisons between species and their distributions. Here we report 16 species ofHebelomafrom the Rocky Mountain alpine zone from some of the lowest latitudes (latitude 36°–45°N) and highest elevations (3000–4000 m) for arctic-alpine fungi in the northern hemisphere. Twelve of these species have been reported from arctic-alpine habitats in Europe and Greenland and are now molecularly confirmed from the Middle and Southern Rockies, greatly expanding their distribution. These are:Hebelomaalpinum,H.aurantioumbrinum,H.dunense,H.hiemale,H.marginatulum,H.mesophaeum,H.nigellum,H.oreophilum,H.subconcolor,H.spetsbergense,H.vaccinum, andH.velutipes. Hebelomahygrophilumis known from subalpine habitats in Europe, but was never recorded in arctic-alpine ecology. Three species recorded from the Rockies, but as yet not reported from Europe, areH.alpinicola,H.avellaneum, andH.excedens. The last two have never previously been reported from an arctic-alpine habitat. For all three of these species, the holotypes have been studied morphologically and molecularly, and have been incorporated into the analysis.
6
Tricart, Pierre, Stephane Schwartz, Christian Sue, Gerard Poupeau, and Jean-Marc Lardeaux. "La denudation tectonique de la zone ultradauphinoise et l'inversion du front brianconnais au sud-est du Pelvoux (Alpes occidentales); une dynamique miocene a actuelle." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/172.1.49.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the western Alps, to the southeast of the Pelvoux massif (Champsaur-Embrunais-Brianconnais-Queyras transect), the Brianconnais zone consists of the southern tip of the Zone Houillere and small nappes of Mesozoic sediments, emplaced during the Eocene in HP-LT metamorphic conditions. During the Oligocene this tectonic pile was thrusted onto a late Eocene to early Oligocene flexural basin, deformed in low grade metamorphic conditions and belonging to the Ultradauphine zone. This major thrust, called here CBF [Chevauchement Brianconnais Frontal: Tricart 1986] represents the boundary between the external and the internal zones of the western Alps. It contains thin tectonic lenses of Subbrianconnais origin, so that the Brianconnais Front and the Penninic Front almost merge. Late Alpine extension. - We have recently discovered that the CBF was subsequently reactivated as an extensional detachment. This major negative inversion is associated with widespread extension in the internal (Brianconnais and Piemont) zones, resulting in multiscale normal faulting. Current field work in the Queyras area shows that this brittle multitrend extension is a continuation of the ductile extension that accompanied the exhumation of blue-schist bearing metamorphic units. Along the same transect, the external (Ultradauphine) zone was not affected by late-Alpine extension. This is still the present situation: to the east of the aseismic Pelvoux massif, the CBF bounds the Brianconnais seismic arc, the activity of which may be the continuation of the late-Alpine extension. At the scale of the western Alpine arc, active extensional-transtensional tectonics dominate in the internal zones while compressional uplift affects the external zone. In this contrasted stress field, the thrust-fault zone between internal and external arcs plays a major role of decoupling that can be demonstrated in several sites between the area analysed here and the Central Alps, including along the Ecors profile. Contribution of thermochronology. - In this paper, we compare apatite fission track (FT) ages from both sides of the inverted CBF to the southeast of the Pelvoux massif. In the hangingwall of the CBF, two ages were obtained from magmatic intrusions within the Zone houillere, close to Briancon. They are compared to recently published ages from the Champsaur Sandstones unit in the footwall of the CBF, along the same transect.
7
von Gosen, W. "Fabric developments and the evolution of the Periadriatic Lineament in southeast Austria." Geological Magazine 126, no. 1 (January 1989): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800006142.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Periadriatic Lineament Zone which forms the boundary between the Eastern and Southern Alps in the Karawanken region of Austria has a complex history spanning the Variscan and Alpine orogenies. Variscan regional metamorphism and polyphase deformation followed by Late to Post Variscan intrusive activity with accompanying contact metamorphism affects a belt of structurally complex rocks referred to as the Eisenkappel Zone to the north of the lineament. Weak Early Alpine deformation in the Southern Alpine rocks can also be recognized in the Eisenkappel Zone. The Young Alpine intrusion of the Karawanken Tonalite was followed by lateral fault displacements associated with the formation of the Periadriatic Lineament. Late Tertiary sediments, caught up in the northward directed thrusting responsible for the uplift of the Karawanken chain, record the youngest deformation in the area.
8
Schuck, Bernhard, Anja M. Schleicher, Christoph Janssen, Virginia G. Toy, and Georg Dresen. "Fault zone architecture of a large plate-bounding strike-slip fault: a case study from the Alpine Fault, New Zealand." Solid Earth 11, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-95-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. New Zealand's Alpine Fault is a large, plate-bounding strike-slip fault, which ruptures in large (Mw>8) earthquakes. We conducted field and laboratory analyses of fault rocks to assess its fault zone architecture. Results reveal that the Alpine Fault Zone has a complex geometry, comprising an anastomosing network of multiple slip planes that have accommodated different amounts of displacement. This contrasts with the previous perception of the Alpine Fault Zone, which assumes a single principal slip zone accommodated all displacement. This interpretation is supported by results of drilling projects and geophysical investigations. Furthermore, observations presented here show that the young, largely unconsolidated sediments that constitute the footwall at shallow depths have a significant influence on fault gouge rheological properties and structure.
9
Froitzheim, Nikolaus, and Stefan M. Schmid. "Orogenic processes in the Alpine collision zone." Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101, S1 (September 2008): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00015-008-1296-7.
Full text
10
Ioannidi, Paraskevi Io, Samuel Angiboust, Onno Oncken, Philippe Agard, Johannes Glodny, and Masafumi Sudo. "Deformation along the roof of a fossil subduction interface in the transition zone below seismogenic coupling: The Austroalpine case and new insights from the Malenco Massif (Central Alps)." Geosphere 16, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 510–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02149.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A network of fossil subduction plate interfaces preserved in the Central Alps (Val Malenco, N Italy) is herein used as a proxy to study deformation processes related to subduction and subsequent underplating of continental slices (in particular the Margna and Sella nappes) at depths reported to in the former brittle-ductile transition. Field observations, microfabrics, and mapping revealed a network of shear zones comprising mostly mylonites and schists but also rare foliated cataclasites. These shear zones are either located at the contacts of the two nappes or within the boundaries of the Sella unit. Microprobe results point to two different white mica generations, with higher-pressure (Si-rich) phengites rimming lower-pressure (Si-poor) phengites. Garnet is locally observed overgrowing resorbed pre-Alpine cores. Pressure-temperature estimates based on pseudosection modeling point to peak burial deformation conditions of ∼0.9 GPa and 350–400 °C, at ∼30 km depth. Rb/Sr geochronology on marbles deformed during the Alpine event yields an age of 48.9 ± 0.9 Ma, whereas due to incomplete recrystallization, a wide range of both Rb/Sr and 40Ar/39Ar apparent ages is obtained from deformed orthogneisses and micaschists embracing 87–44 Ma. Based on our pressure-temperature, structural and geochronological observations, the studied shear zones last equilibrated at depths downdip of the seismogenic zone in an active subduction zone setting. We integrate these new results in the frame of previous studies on other segments of the same Alpine paleosubduction interface, and we propose that this system of shear zones represents deformation conditions along the subduction interface(s) in the transition zone below the seismogenic zone during active subduction.
11
Jin, Yinghua, Jiawei Xu, Hongshi He, Mai-He Li, Yan Tao, Yingjie Zhang, Rui Hu, et al. "The Changbai Alpine Shrub Tundra Will Be Replaced by Herbaceous Tundra under Global Climate Change." Plants 8, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100370.
Full textAbstract:
Significant replacement of shrub species by herbaceous species has been observed in the Changbai alpine tundra zone, China, since the 1990s. This study used plot surveys to analyze variations in the spatial distribution of dominant plants and to ascertain the changing mechanisms of dominant species in the alpine tundra zone. We found that the two previously dominant shrubs, Rhododendron chrysanthum and Vaccinium uliginosum, differed markedly in their distribution characteristics. The former had the highest abundance and the lowest coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis, and the latter showed the opposite results, while the six herb species invaded had intermediate values. R. chrysanthum still had a relatively uniform distribution, while the herbaceous species and V. uliginosum had a patch distribution deviating from the normal distribution in the tundra zone. Micro-topography and slope grade had stronger effects on the spatial distribution of the eight plant species than elevation. Herbs tended to easily replace the shrubs on a semi-sunny slope aspect, steep slope, and depression. Overall, the dominance of dwarf shrubs declined, while the herbaceous species have encroached and expanded on the alpine tundra zone and have become co-dominant plant species. Our results suggest that various micro-topographic factors associated with variations in climatic and edaphic conditions determine the spatial distribution of plants in the alpine tundra zone. Future climate warming may cause decreased snow thickness, increased growing season length, and drought stress, which may further promote replacement of the shrubs by herbs, which shows retrogressive vegetation successions in the Changbai alpine tundra zone. Further studies need to focus on the physio-ecological mechanisms underlying the vegetation change and species replacement in the alpine tundra area under global climate change.
12
White, Jr., Don, Katherine C. Kendall, and Harold D. Picton. "Seasonal occurrence, body composition, and migration potential of army cutworm moths in northwest Montana." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-001.
Full textAbstract:
Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) consume adult army cutworm moths (Euxoa auxiliaris) from late June through mid-September on alpine talus slopes in Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana. As part of a study carried out to better understand the ecological interactions between grizzly bears and army cutworm moths in GNP, we studied temporal abundance patterns, body mass and composition, and migration potential of moths collected from alpine moth aggregation sites throughout the summer of 1994 and 1995. Army cutworm moths arrived in the alpine zone of GNP in late June or early July and departed by late August or early September. While moths were in the alpine zone, their body mass and moisture, lipid, and gross energy contents markedly increased and crude protein decreased. The absence of moths from the alpine zone coincided with the presence of moths on the Great Plains. Using published estimates of the cost of transport in flying animals, we calculated that an army cutworm moth flying in late summer through still air could fly 140 km using body lipid reserves alone.
13
Kokkonen, Katri. "Diversity of boreal small species of Cortinarius subgenus Telamonia with Salix." Karstenia 58, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 60–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.29203/ka.2020.489.
Full textAbstract:
This work presents the genetic and morphological diversity of small <em>Cortinarius</em> subgenus <em>Telamonia</em> species found from moist <em>Salix</em> thickets in Finland. The boreal fungi were compared with several type and other specimens from the alpine zone or similar habitats from the temperate zone. The boreal and alpine zones had many common species: nearly all boreal species grew in the alpine zone with dwarf <em>Salix</em>. The species often had wide distributions, extending to North America. The genetic analyses consisted of ITS and RPB2 sequences. Both genetic and morphological variation was high. The species formed complexes, where the boundaries among species were often obscure. Very close sibling species were delimited based on differences at the same sites. Twenty-three boreal species were recognized. Four of them are described here as new: <em>C. paulus</em> and <em>C. paululus</em> as sibling species to <em>C. pauperculus</em> J.Favre, <em>C. rusticelloides</em> as a sibling species to <em>C. rusticellus</em> J.Favre, and <em>C. vienoi</em> as a sibling species to <em>C. perzonatus</em> Reumaux. <em>Cortinarius sagarum</em>, a sibling species to <em>C. comatus</em> J.Favre and <em>C. vulpicolor</em> M.M.Moser & McKnight, is described as new from arctic-alpine zones.
14
Pisaric, Michael FJ, Julian M. Szeicz, Tammy Karst, and John P. Smol. "Comparison of pollen and conifer stomates as indicators of alpine treeline in northwestern Canadian lake sediments." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-092.
Full textAbstract:
We compare fossil pollen and stomate assemblages in 29 lake sediment surface samples from mountainous regions in northwestern Canada to characterize the relationship between modern vegetation, and pollen and stomate deposition. Modern pollen spectra were dominated by arboreal taxa originating from lower elevation sites. Pinus pollen frequently reached 30% of the pollen sum, regardless of elevation. Alpine-tundra vegetation has lower pollen abundance, even in the alpine-tundra zone, where it dominates the sparse vegetation cover. Fossil stomates were observed in all but one site where trees currently exist in the vicinity of the lake, while no stomates were found in the sediments from alpine-tundra sites. The highest concentration of stomates occurred in lake sediments from closed-canopy forested areas. Our data suggest that different boreal forest types may be differentiated based on pollen assemblages and that the presence of stomates clearly distinguishes vegetation zones dominated by arboreal vegetation from alpine-tundra zones where trees are not present.Key words: pollen, conifer stomates, treeline, Pacific Northwest.
15
Fan, Zemeng. "Dynamic Patterns of the Vertical Distribution of Vegetation in Heihe River Basin since the 1980s." Forests 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111496.
Full textAbstract:
The vertical distribution of vegetation in Heihe River Basin has presented a significant dynamic change in the different elevation zones since the 1980s. To explore the dynamic patterns of vegetation types located in the different elevation zones of Heihe River Basin, this study collected 440 field sampling datapoints of vegetation types, remote sensing images, climatic observation data, and DEM and preprocessed them. On the basis of the vegetation distribution and the terrain characteristics of Heihe River Basin, this study classified the vertical distribution of vegetation in Heihe River Basin into six vegetation zones, namely, the oasis farmland and desert zone, desert-steppe zone, dry scrub-steppe zone, mountain forest-steppe zone, subalpine scrub-meadow zone, and alpine cold desert-meadow zone. Moreover, the mean annual biotemperature (MAB) and total annual average precipitation (TAP) were used to analyze the relationship between vegetation change and climate change in the different elevation zones. The results show that the change rate of vegetation was up to 25.75% in Heihe River Basin. The area of vegetation that changed in the oasis farmland and desert zone was the largest (7224 km2), and the rate of vegetation that changed in the mountain forest-steppe zone was up to 56.93%. The mean annual biotemperature (MAB) and total annual average precipitation (TAP) in the six elevation zones showed an increasing trend, in which the increased rate of TAP presented a downward trend with the increase of elevation, and that of MAB showed a continuous upward trend with the increase of elevation. The change rate of vegetation was generally higher than that of MAB and TAP in the low and middle vegetation zones. The influence intensity of human activities on vegetation change in the lower and middle elevation zones of Heihe River Basin was greater than that in the high elevation zone between the 1980s and the 2010s. MAB is the major impact factor to vegetation change in the alpine cold zone of Heihe River Basin.
16
Pelto, M. S. "Forecasting temperate alpine glacier survival from accumulation zone observations." Cryosphere 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2010): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-67-2010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Temperate alpine glacier survival is dependent on the consistent presence of an accumulation zone. Frequent low accumulation area ratio values, below 30%, indicate the lack of a consistent accumulation zone, which leads to substantial thinning of the glacier in the accumulation zone. This thinning is often evident from substantial marginal recession, emergence of new rock outcrops and surface elevation decline in the accumulation zone. In the North Cascades 9 of the 12 examined glaciers exhibit characteristics of substantial accumulation zone thinning; marginal recession or emergent bedrock areas in the accumulation zone. The longitudinal profile thinning factor, f, which is a measure of the ratio of thinning in the accumulation zone to that at the terminus, is above 0.6 for all glaciers exhibiting accumulation zone thinning characteristics. The ratio of accumulation zone thinning to cumulative mass balance is above 0.5 for glacier experiencing substantial accumulation zone thinning. Without a consistent accumulation zone these glaciers are forecast not to survive the current climate or future additional warming. The results vary considerably with adjacent glaciers having a different survival forecast. This emphasizes the danger of extrapolating survival from one glacier to the next.
17
MORADI, HALIME, and FARIDEH ATTAR. "Comparative study of floristic diversity along altitude in the northern slope of the central Alborz Mountains, Iran." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200135.
Full textAbstract:
Moradi H, Attar F. 2019. Comparative study of floristic diversity along altitude in the northern slope of the central Alborz Mountains, Iran. Biodiversitas 20: 305-312. The Alborz is one of two main mountain chains in the north of Iran. The flora and vegetation of the sub-alpine and alpine zone of the central Alborz are less known comparing to the vegetation of lower altitudes with Hyrcanain forests. In this study, floristic composition and life-form spectra were investigated along an altitudinal transect ranging from 2000 m to the alpine and sub-nival peak of Mt. Rostam-Nisht at 4500 m. We compared the floristic diversity of the studied transect with the data obtained from an earlier studied transect in Kheyrud forest. A total of 299 taxa were found in the survey which showed high species diversity in the area. In addition, our results showed remarkable difference in life form categories between lower altitudes (Hyrcanian forests) and sub-alpine and alpine zones.
18
SCHWARTZ, S., S. GUILLOT, P. TRICART, M. BERNET, S. JOURDAN, T. DUMONT, and G. MONTAGNAC. "Source tracing of detrital serpentinite in the Oligocene molasse deposits from the western Alps (Barrême basin): implications for relief formation in the internal zone." Geological Magazine 149, no. 5 (January 31, 2012): 841–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756811001105.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe present the first contribution of tracing the source area of ophiolitic detritus in the Alpine molasse deposits by Raman spectroscopy. The lower Oligocene molasse deposits preserved in the Barrême basin, in the SW foreland of the western Alpine arc, are known for the sudden arrival of the first ‘exotic’ detritus coming from the internal Alpine zones. Among them, the pebbles of serpentinized peridotites have so far not been studied. We show that they only consist of antigorite serpentinite, implying that they originate from erosion of high temperature blueschists. In contrast, the upper Oligocene/lower Miocene molasse shows mixed clasts of serpentine including antigorite and lizardite without any evidence of chrysotile. This suggests that they were derived from a less metamorphosed unit such as the low temperature blueschist unit. Taking into account the sediment transport direction in the basin and the varied metamorphic characteristics of the other ocean-derived detritus, we constrain the lithologic nature of the source zones and the location of the relief zones, identified as the internal Alps, SE of the Pelvoux external crystalline massif. Available structural data andin situthermochronological data allow the reconstruction of the Oligocene to early Miocene collisional geometry of the Palaeogene subduction wedge. This phase corresponds to two major phases of uplift evolving from a single relief zone located above the Ivrea body during early Oligocene times and persisting up to early Miocene times; then during late Oligocene/early Miocene times a second relief zone developed above the Briançonnais zone. At that time, the internal western Alps acquired its double vergency.
19
Dethier, David P., Noah Williams, and Jordan F. Fields. "Snowmelt-Driven Seasonal Infiltration and Flow in the Upper Critical Zone, Niwot Ridge (Colorado), USA." Water 14, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152317.
Full textAbstract:
The hydrology of alpine and subalpine areas in the Colorado Front Range (USA) is evolving, driven by warming and by the alteration of precipitation patterns, the timing of snowmelt, and other components of the hydrologic budget. Field measurements of soil hydraulic conductivity and moisture along 30-m transects (n = 13) of representative soils developed in surficial deposits and falling head slug tests of shallow groundwater in till demonstrate that hydraulic conductivity in the soil is comparable to hydraulic conductivity values in the shallow aquifer. Soil hydraulic conductivity values were variable (medians ranged from 5.6 × 10−7 to 4.96 × 10−5 m s−1) and increased in alpine areas underlain by periglacial deposits. Hydraulic conductivities measured by a modified Hvorslev technique in test wells ranged from 4.86 × 10−7 to 1.77 × 10−4 m s−1 in subalpine till. The results suggest a gradient from higher hydraulic conductivity in alpine zones, where short travel paths through periglacial deposits support ephemeral streams and wetlands, to lower hydraulic conductivity in the till-mantled subalpine zone. In drier downstream areas, streambed infiltration contributes substantially to near-channel groundwater. As summer temperatures and evapotranspiration (ET) increase and snowmelt occur earlier, alpine soils are likely to become more vulnerable to drought, and groundwater levels in the critical zone may lower, affecting the connectivity between late-melting snow, meltwater streams, and the areas they affect downstream.
20
Zucali, Michele, Luca Corti, Manuel Roda, Gaetano Ortolano, Roberto Visalli, and Davide Zanoni. "Quantitative X-ray Maps Analaysis of Composition and Microstructure of Permian High-Temperature Relicts in Acidic Rocks from the Sesia-Lanzo Zone Eclogitic Continental Crust, Western Alps." Minerals 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121421.
Full textAbstract:
Three samples of meta-acidic rocks with pre-Alpine metamorphic relicts from the Sesia-Lanzo Zone eclogitic continental crust were investigated using stepwise controlled elemental maps by means of the Quantitative X-ray Maps Analyzer (Q-XRMA). Samples were chosen with the aim of analysing the reacting zones along the boundaries between the pre-Alpine and Alpine mineral phases, which developed in low chemically reactive systems. The quantitative data treatment of the X-ray images was based on a former multivariate statistical analytical stage followed by a sequential phase and sub-phase classification and permitted to isolate and to quantitatively investigate the local paragenetic equilibria. The parageneses thus observed were interpreted as related to the pre-Alpine metamorphic or magmatic stages as well as to local Alpine re-equilibrations. On the basis of electron microprobe analysis, specific compositional ranges were defined in micro-domains of the relict and new paragenetic equilibria. In this way calibrated compositional maps were obtained and used to contour different types of reacting boundaries between adjacent solid solution phases. The pre-Alpine and Alpine mineral parageneses thus obtained allowed to perform geothermobarometry on a statistically meaningful and reliable dataset. In general, metamorphic temperatures cluster at 600–700 °C and 450–550 °C, with lower temperatures referred to a retrograde metamorphic re-equilibration. In all the cases described, pre-Alpine parageneses were overprinted by an Alpine metamorphic mineral assemblage. Pressure-temperature estimates of the Alpine stage averagely range between 420 to 550 °C and 12 to 16.5 kbar. The PT constraints permitted to better define the pre-Alpine metamorphic scenario of the western Austroalpine sectors, as well as to better understand the influence of the pre-Alpine metamorphic inheritance on the forthcoming Alpine tectonic evolution.
21
Kästle, Emanuel D., Claudio Rosenberg, Lapo Boschi, Nicolas Bellahsen, Thomas Meier, and Amr El-Sharkawy. "Slab break-offs in the Alpine subduction zone." International Journal of Earth Sciences 109, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 587–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01821-z.
Full text
22
Heitzmann, Peter. "Calcite mylonites in the Central Alpine “root zone”." Tectonophysics 135, no. 1-3 (April 1987): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90162-4.
Full text
23
Lombardi, Denis, Jochen Braunmiller, Edi Kissling, and Domenico Giardini. "Alpine mantle transition zone imaged by receiver functions." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 278, no. 3-4 (February 2009): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.029.
Full text
24
Lakova, Iskra. "Numerical criteria of precise delimitation of the calpionellid Crassicollaria and Calpionella Zones in relation to the Jurassic/Cretaceous system boundary." Geologica Balcanica 24, no. 6 (December 30, 1994): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.24.6.23.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, detailed statistic data on the calpionellid occurrence and relative abundance are presented being obtained within a 2 m thick interval of the Glozhene Formation, Western Balkanides, at the boundary between Crassicollaria and Calpionella Zones. Existing criteria of definition the lower boundary of Calpionella Zone have been revised. It has been proposed to determine this boundary on the base of the morphological transition in Calpionella alpina, the explosion of the medium-sized variety and decline of large elongated variety of this species, and the disappearance of homeomorph Calpionella elliptica. It has been confirmed that Crassicollaria brevis and Crassicollaria massutiniana have their last occurrences at or a little lower the boundary but the “explosion” of the species Calpionella alpine has not been corroborated at this level.
25
Schweingruber, Fritz Hans. "Anatomical Characteristics and Ecological Trends in the Xylem and Phloem of Brassicaceae and Resedacae." IAWA Journal 27, no. 4 (2006): 419–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000164.
Full textAbstract:
The xylem and phloem of Brassicaceae (116 and 82 species respectively) and the xylem of Resedaceae (8 species) from arid, subtropical and temperate regions in Western Europe and North America is described and analysed, compared with taxonomic classifications, and assigned to their ecological range. The xylem of different life forms (herbaceous plants, dwarf shrubs and shrubs) of both families consists of libriform fibres and short, narrow vessels that are 20–50 μm in diameter and have alternate vestured pits and simple perforations. The axial parenchyma is paratracheal and, in most species, the ray cells are exclusively upright or square. Very few Brassicaceae species have helical thickening on the vessel walls, and crystals in fibres. The xylem anatomy of Resedaceae is in general very similar to that of the Brassicaceae. Vestured pits occur only in one species of Resedaceae.Brassicaceae show clear ecological trends: annual rings are usually distinct, except in arid and subtropical lowland zones; semi-ring-porosity decreases from the alpine zone to the hill zone at lower altitude. Plants with numerous narrow vessels are mainly found in the alpine zone. Xylem without rays is mainly present in plants growing in the Alps, both at low and high altitudes. The reaction wood of the Brassicaceae consists primarily of thick-walled fibres, whereas that of the Resedaceae contains gelatinous fibres. The frequency of sclereids in Brassicaceae bark is an indicator of ecological differences: sclereids are rare in plants from the alpine zone and frequent in plants from all other ecotones.
26
Tamta, B., Vishavjit Kumar, and Nafeesh Ahamed. "Habitat characteristics of selected Medicinal Plants of Alpine and Sub Alpine Zone of Uttarakhand." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2019-57y9ra.
Full textAbstract:
The shrinking natural habitats due to unscientific harvesting, grazing pressure and climate change have severely threatened the medicinal plant resources. This paper presents the observation on the population, habitat and occurrence of 3 medicinal plants viz. Aconitum heterophyllum, Nardostachys jatamansi and Picrorhiza kurrooa in the Kandara and Khulia Medicinal Plant Conservation Areas (MPCAs) of Uttarakhand based on studies conducted by the author.
27
Romer, R. L., U. Schärer, and Albrecht Steck. "Alpine and pre-Alpine magmatism in the root-zone of the western Central Alps." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 123, no. 2 (March 15, 1996): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050147.
Full text
28
Pelto, M. S. "Forecasting temperate alpine glacier survival from accumulation zone observations." Cryosphere Discussions 3, no. 2 (May 19, 2009): 323–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-3-323-2009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. For temperate alpine glaciers survival is dependent on the consistent presence of an accumulation zone. The lack of a consistent and persistent accumulation zone leads to substantial thinning of the glacier in the accumulation zone. Accumulation zone thinning is evident in satellite imagery or field observation based the emergence of new rock outcrops or the recession of the margin of the glacier in the accumulation zone along a substantial portion of its perimeter. In either case the accumulation zone is no longer functioning as an accumulation zone and survival is unlikely. In both the North Cascades and Wind River Range nine of the fifteen glaciers examined are forecast not to survive the current climate or future additional warming. The results vary considerably with adjacent glaciers having a different survival forecast. This emphasizes the danger of extrapolating survival from one glacier to the next. This trait also emphasizes the value of a simple forecasting tool that can be applied to all glaciers. The automated remote sensing based glacier classification schemes developed offer the potential for automating this process based on the changes in the glacier outline.
29
Eden, Dirk, and Karl-Heinz Prösl. "The Importance of the Unsaturated Zone for the North Alpine Region." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 136, no. 2 (December 1, 1985): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/136/1985/331.
Full text
30
Hiramatsu, Shinichi, and Nisikawa Usio. "Assemblage Characteristics and Habitat Specificity of Carabid Beetles in a Japanese Alpine-Subalpine Zone." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9754376.
Full textAbstract:
In lowland areas of the world and high-altitude European mountains, the species compositions, body sizes, and wing forms of carabid beetles are known to change according to vegetation structures. However, little is known regarding the assemblage structure and habitat associations of carabid beetles in Japanese alpine-subalpine areas. We surveyed carabid beetles in four habitats (snow beds, alpine meadows, Pinus scrub, and fell-fields) in the alpine-subalpine zone on Mt. Hakusan, Japan. We surveyed carabid beetles six times between mid-July and late September. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) revealed three distinct carabid beetle assemblages in snow beds and alpine meadows, Pinus scrub, and fell-fields. The carabid beetle assemblages in the four habitats consisted predominantly of small and/or wingless species with differential spatiotemporal variability in abundance. Biota-environment (BIO-ENV) analyses showed that the percentage coverage by Pinus scrub, soil water content, and ground surface temperature were among the most significant variables affecting carabid beetle compositions. Given their small sizes and reduced wings, which are characteristic traits for limited mobility, and high-level habitat specificity, carabid beetles in the alpine-subalpine zone may serve as an important target group to monitor the impacts of global environmental change on mountain ecosystems.
31
Kyyak, V., and V. Shtupun. "Transformation processes in alpine phytocoenoses of the Ukrainian Carpathians under reservation and climate changes." Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series, no. 85 (February 25, 2021): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2021.85.07.
Full textAbstract:
Typycal alpine phytocoenoses of Ukrainian Carpathians with dominant species Festuca supina, Carex curvula, Juncus trifidus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rhododendron myrtifolium, Sesleria coerulens and open chionophilous communities were investigated. As a result of comparative studies during 1982–2021, among alpine phytocoenoses, the smallest changes in the structure, abundance and coenose-forming positions of species were found in communities dominated by Juncus trifidus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rhododendron myrtifolium and Sesleria coerulans, in particular in the Juncetum cetrario-myrtillosum, Uliginetum cetrariosum, Rhodoretum calamagrostiosum and Seslerietum cariceto-festucosum communities. During the same period in communities with dominant Festuca supina and Carex curvula, the position of the dominants decreased significantly. The Festuca supina-communities undergo desintegration and replacement by other phytocoenoses with dominance Juniperus alpinа, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea, V. uliginosum and Calamagrostis villosum. Over the last decade, radical changes have taken place in Carex curvula-communities. In contrast to the decisive influence of postpastoral demutation processes on the degradation of Festuca supina-communities, changes in the phytocoenoses of Carex curvula are primarily climatogenically caused. It is established that in the alpine zone Festuca supina-communities do not belong to the indigenous primary phytocoenoses, but are secondary pastorally conditioned derivative succession stages of primary communities of other associations. Rapid positive dynamics over the last ten years of such mesochionophilous species as Veronica alpina, Gnaphalium supinum, Soldanella hungarica, Luzula spadicea and, at the same time, negative changes in populations of obligate chionophiles Cerastium cerastoides and Saxifraga carpatica indicate transformation processes within the communities connected to the areas under long and deep snow cover. These processes indicate rapid successional changes under the influence of increasing vegetation period due to the reduction of the duration of snow cover in the territory of chionophilous phytocoenoses, which is due to modern climate changes, primarily warming.
32
Hyder, Sujjad, and Nasiba Ibrahim. "Ecological Significance of Floristic Structure and Biological Spectrum of Alpine Floral Biodiversity of Khunjerab National Park Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan." Vol 4 Issue 2 4, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040216.
Full textAbstract:
The current study was conducted in Khunjerab National Park which is situated in the subalpine zone. The study area was thoroughly surveyed to ensure the maximum collection of flowering plants diversity. The work aimed to investigate the ecological significance of floral structure and the biological spectrum of prevailing flowering plants' biodiversity in the study area. For this purpose, we recognized four ecological zones based on altitude in the park namely the subalpine zone (3000m to 3500m), alpine zone (3600m to 4000m), super alpine zone (4100-4500m), and sub naval zone was started from (4600-4800m) altitude. The collected specimens comprised (155) plant species that belong to 97 genera and 36 families. The life forms of the collected species were 72% Hemicryptophyte (H), 13% Therophytes, 10% Chaemephyte, and 5% Phanerophyte. While the habit categories of the flora were analyzed with the help of Theophrastus classification. The breakup of the habit categories shows that the herbs with 137 species held the highest percentage to contribute the flora of the study area was with 88%, followed by shrubs with 14 species which contributed to the flora of the area was 9.03%. Similarly, subshrubs and trees contained the same number of 2 spices. We observed the phenological status of each species, i.e., flowering and fruiting conditions, and of the species that were infrequent.
33
Cripps, C., and E. Horak. "Checklist and Ecology of the Agaricales, Russulales and Boletales in the alpine zone of the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming) at 3000-4000 m a.s.l." Sommerfeltia 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10208-011-0005-5.
Full textAbstract:
Checklist and Ecology of the Agaricales, Russulales and Boletales in the alpine zone of the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming) at 3000-4000 m a.s.l.Previously, the Rocky Mountain alpine zone was a mycological blank spot. There have only been a few scattered records of macrofungi from this region and limited number of publications. This alpine survey covers the Beartooth Plateau in Montana/Wyoming for the North-central Floristic Region (lat 45°N) and the Front Range, San Juan Mountains, Sawatch Range for the Southern Floristic Region in Colorado (lat 36°-38°N), and reports over 165 species in 46 genera and 11 families (ca 1 500 collections). It is estimated that over 75% are known arctic-alpine macromycetes and the remainder are Rocky Mountain species. Of these, we estimate that 2-5% are new to science, 75% are new records for this Rocky Mountain alpine zone, and that over half will be new to Colorado or Montana/Wyoming. Approximately 56% are mycorrhizal species associated with Salix reticulata, S. arctica, S. planifolia, S. glauca, Betula nana = B. glandulosa, Dryas octopetala and Polygonum viviparum. Mycorrhizal species that occur with Betula are rare in the Rockies due to a paucity of this host. The most diverse mycorrhizal family is the Cortinariaceae with over 74 species, primarily of Inocybe and Cortinarius. Saprobic genera associate with a diversity of bryophytes or are terrestrial primarily in grassland; macrofungi on woody debris are rare. A greater diversity occurs in southern mountain ranges which are more diverse in geology and habitat. The southern extent of the Rockies at latitudes of 36-38°N likely includes the southernmost extent of certain Arctic-alpine fungi such as Arrhenia auriscalpium for the Northern hemisphere. Macrofungal fruitings are sparse compared to those in maritime arctic-alpine habitats due to a well-defined continental climate with drying winds, low relative humidity, periodic droughts, fire, strong diurnal temperature fluctuations and high elevations of 3 000-4 000 m. This report helps complete distributions of arctic-alpine fungi, and discusses the ecology of individual taxonomic groups in relation to other Arctic-alpine areas.
34
Saunders, I. R., and W. G. Bailey. "Radiation and energy budgets of alpine tundra environments of North America." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 18, no. 4 (December 1994): 517–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339401800403.
Full textAbstract:
Recent physical climatology research from North American alpine tundra environments is summarized and directions for further research suggested. Despite a rather limited database, the essential themes in the physical climatology of alpine tundra are understood. With numerous permutations of slope angle, azimuth and surface types in the alpine zone, generalizations of alpine tundra radiation and energy balances are hard to define. Several aspects of the alpine tundra radiation budget are very similar to nonalpine ones, such as the controls exerted on net radiation by atmospheric and surface conditions, and the strong relation between global solar radiation and net radiation. The larger inputs of solar radiation experienced at high altitudes are typically offset by the moderating effects of orographic clouds. Turbulent energy flux partitioning is dependent upon both the effects of macroscale weather and microscale variations in surface soil moisture. Evaporation regimes tend to be moisture-limiting in the dry tundra and energy-limiting in wetter alpine/ subalpine meadows, but there are also significant season-to-season variations. Theory suggests that the surface heterogeneity common to the alpine zone must at times stimulate vigourous horizontal heat advection at a wide range of spatial scales, but the true significance of this process remains almost entirely undocumented. Suggested future research directions include analyses of the spatial variations of albedo, the role of sloping surfaces, and the relative importance of atmospheric and surface controls on the energy balance.
35
Scherrer, Pascal, and Catherine Marina Pickering. "Recovery of Alpine Herbfield on a Closed Walking Track in the Kosciuszko Alpine Zone, Australia." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 38, no. 2 (May 2006): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[239:roahoa]2.0.co;2.
Full text
36
Barredo, José I., Achille Mauri, and Giovanni Caudullo. "Alpine Tundra Contraction under Future Warming Scenarios in Europe." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070698.
Full textAbstract:
The alpine tundra is the highest elevation belt of high mountains. This zone is an important reservoir of freshwater and provides habitat to unique species. This study assesses projected changes in the areal extent of the alpine tundra climate zone in three warming levels in European mountains. The alpine tundra was delineated using the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. We used 11 regional climate model simulations from EURO-CORDEX disaggregated at a one-kilometre grid size representing the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in the 1.5, 2 and 3 °C warming levels. Mitigation represented by the 1.5 °C warming level reduces projected losses of the alpine tundra. However, even in this warming level the projected contraction is severe. In this case, the contraction in the Alps, Scandes and Pyrenees together is projected at between 44% and 48% of the present extent. The contraction is projected to climb in the 2 °C warming to above 57%, while the 3 °C warming would imply that the alpine tundra will be near to collapse in Europe with a contraction of 84% in the three regions, which host most of the alpine tundra in Europe. The projected changes have negative implications for a range of ecosystem services and biodiversity, such as habitat provision, water provision and regulation, erosion protection, water quality and recreational services.
37
Lee, William G., Andrew J. Tanentzap, and Peter B. Heenan. "Plant radiation history affects community assembly: evidence from the New Zealand alpine." Biology Letters 8, no. 4 (February 8, 2012): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.1210.
Full textAbstract:
The hypothesis that early plant radiations on islands dampen diversification and reduce habitat occupancy of later radiations via niche pre-emption has never, to our knowledge, been tested. We investigated clade-level dynamics in plant radiations in the alpine zone, New Zealand. Our aim was to determine whether radiations from older colonizations influenced diversification and community dominance of species from later colonizations within a common bioclimatic zone over the past ca 10 Myr. We used stem ages derived from the phylogenies of 17 genera represented in alpine plant communities in the Murchison Mountains, Fiordland, and assessed their presence and cover in 262 (5 × 5 m) vegetation plots. Our results show clear age-related community assembly effects, whereby congenerics from older colonizing genera co-occur more frequently and with greater cover per unit area than those from younger colonizing genera. However, we find no evidence of increased species richness with age of colonization in the alpine zone. The data support priority effects via niche pre-emption among plant radiations influencing community assembly.
38
Drogreshka, Katerina, Jasmina Najdovska, and Dragana Chernih-Anastasovska. "SEISMIC ZONES AND SEISMICITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 3 (June 5, 2019): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3103669d.
Full textAbstract:
According to all sources of data available to the Seismological Observatory the seismic activity in the Republic of North Macedonia is mainly tectonic, with the exception of weak collapse earthquakes. This seismic activity is caused by its affiliation to the Mediterranean area of the Alpine-Himalayan orogeny belt. Epicentral areas belong to the three main seismic zones, West-Macedonian seismic zone, Vardar seismic zone and East-Macedonian seismic zone. Three secondary seismic zones, transverse to the main seismic zones, are also defined. Each of these zones is characterized by а specific time and space distribution of earthquake locations, with frequent seismic microactivity, lot of minor to light earthquakes and very rare moderate to major earthquakes. Observed seismic activity on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia has a main role for the evaluation of the seismic hazard of the specific territory.
39
Brouillet, Luc, Stuart Hay, Pierrette Turcotte, and André Bouchard. "La flore vasculaire alpine du plateau Big Level, au parc national du Gros-Morne, Terre-Neuve." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 52, no. 2 (October 2, 2002): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004774ar.
Full textAbstract:
Résumé La flore alpine du nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord est bien documentée à l'exception de celle des monts Long Range, à Terre-Neuve. Le plateau gneissique de Big Level est l'un des plus grands plateaux de haute altitude des monts Long Range. Parmi les habitats alpins qui s'y trouvent, les nombreuses combes à neige contribuent le plus à la biodiversité végétale avec 73 des 92 espèces observées à cet étage du plateau. Les 21 espèces rares observées sur le plateau appartiennent toutes à des habitats associés aux combes à neige. Ces espèces représen- tent 20 % des plantes rares connues dans le parc national du Gros-Morne, dont trois constituent des extensions méridionales de leur aire depuis l'extrémité nord de l'île : Carex lachenalii, Salix argyrocarpa et Veronica wormskjoldii . La composition biogéographique des combes à neige de la région du golfe du Saint-Laurent - Nouvelle-Angleterre, avec ses éléments circumpolaires, cordillériens, du nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord et amphi-atlantiques, contribue au caractère floristique exceptionnel du plateau. Le broutage intense des gazons périphériques par les importants troupeaux de caribous du plateau constitue une caractérisitique écologique intéressante de ces combes alpines. Également exceptionnelle est la présence de vastes landes à buttes dominées par la camarine et le calamagrostide ( Empetrum-Calamagrostis pickeringii ), les buttes étant causées par la cryoturbation sur les pentes douces exposées de la partie est du plateau. À notre connaissance, ce type de terrain réticulé, connu en Arctique, n'a pas été observé pour la zone boréale de l'est de l'Amérique du Nord ; c'est un témoin de la rigueur des hivers sur le plateau. Aucun autre plateau alpin gneissique de l'est de l'Amérique du Nord boréale n'a une telle étendue ni un tel nombre de combes à neige.
40
Chen, Jiemin, Zelin Yan, Linfeng Xu, Zhixin Liu, Yan Liu, and Jiawei Tian. "Gray System Prediction in the Alpine–Himalayan Earthquake Zone." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 772, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/772/1/012009.
Full text
41
Shtanchaeva, Umukusum Ya, Luis S. Subias, and Aleksandr M. Kremenitsa. "NEW DATA ABOUT THE FAUNА OF ORIBATID MITES (ORIBATIDA) OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS." South of Russia: ecology, development 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2018-2-52-63.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work is to publish new data on the species composition of oribatid mites in the North Caucasus, which will make possible to clarify the destribution of the oribatids of the world fauna region. The material was collected in 2003-2009, according to generally accepted methods, in 23 habitats in the territory of Adygea, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria and the Krasnodar Territory in various altitudinal levels: in alpine and subalpine meadows, in mountain forests of various types (birch, pine, beech or mixed), mesophytic meadows in the forest zone, in xerophytic shrubs and mountain steppes, floodplain meadows and salt marshes of the semidesert biotopes of the lowland zone. Results. There were found 349 species of the oribatid mites from 158 genera and subgenera belonging to 62 families. Forest habitats are characterized by the greatest species diversity, there are found 232 species of oribatids. In the alpine and subalpine meadows 158 species are noted, 71 species are found in the mountain steppe zone, 47 species in the salt marshes of the semidesert zone, and 7 species in the floodplain meadows. For the first time in the Caucasian region one genus Novosuctobelba Hammer, 1977 and 29 species of the oribatid mites are registered, founded earlier only in Japan, China, Somalia and some countries of the Mediterranean. There are 14 new taxa for science: 12 species and 2 subspecies. Conclusion. In 23 biotopes of 18 geographical points of the Northern Caucasus 349 species of the oribatid mites from 158 genera and subgenus and 62 families were found. The number of species found in the biotopes of different altitude zones corresponds to the basic patterns of distribution of oribatids in mountain ecosystems: the biotopes of the forest zone are characterized by the greatest species diversity, the number of species in the soils of alpine and subalpine meadows and biotopes of the mountain-steppe zone is somewhat lower, the smallest number of species is found in the semidesert zone. For the first time in the Caucasian region one genus and 29 species of oribatid have been recorded, which allows to expand the areology of some species of the oribatid mites. There are 14 new taxa for science.
42
Kirkpatrick, J. B., and K. L. Bridle. "Environment and Floristics of Ten Australian Alpine Vegetation Formations." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 1 (1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97058.
Full textAbstract:
Data on floristics, structure and environment were collected from quadrats throughout the geographic range of alpine vegetation in Australia. These data were used to explore the floristic and environmental relationships of ten alpine vegetation formations: bolster heath, coniferous heath, heath, alpine sedgeland, fjaeldmark, tall alpine herbfield, short alpine herbfield, grassland, bog and fen. Alpine sedgeland and coniferous heath, and tall alpine herbfield and grassland, proved to be closely similar in their floristics. Grassland and coniferous heath were most separated in ordination space. The environmental variables with the largest numbers of significant differences between formations were extractable phosphorus, summer temperatures, winter temperatures and topography. However, many other edaphic, climatic, topographic and biotic variables were important in discriminating between formations. The results of the formation-environment analyses were largely consistent with the relationships suggested in the previous literature. However, some environmental differences between formations that were observed or posited from local studies did not prove to be exportable to the alpine zone as a whole. Edaphic and topographic variables appear to be more important in discriminating the environments of alpine formations than the environments of alpine floristic communities.
43
Wilson, James. "Life in a Shrinking World: Thermal Physiology and Activity of Diurnal Alpine Mammals in Relation to Climate Change." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 32 (January 1, 2009): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2009.3753.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of increased global temperatures are being measured in many biological systems. Given the complexity of biological systems, their responses to a changing climate are difficult to predict. Physiologic processes are particularly susceptible to temperature, leading to a species specific optimal range of habitable temperatures. As global temperatures increase, species will be exposed to a changing range of potentially stressful temperatures, especially in species currently living at their thermal limits (e.g., alpine mammals). Warming temperatures may force alpine species to move to higher elevations to maintain thermoneutrality. Ultimately, if temperatures increase as predicted, alpine mammals may be unable to move higher and may face localized extinctions. I hypothesize that, many alpine mammals are currently living at the upper range of their thermoneutral zone and, in response to warming temperatures; alpine mammals will experience ambient temperatures above their upper critical temperature which will limit their activity period. I will measure the metabolic thermoneutral zone of small mammals in relation to temperature at four montane sites in the western U.S. We will focus on small diurnal mammals (chipmunks and pikas) as they are prolific and susceptible to high temperatures. The proposed study will not only provide sorely needed information on the basic thermal requirements of numerous alpine small mammals in the U.S., but that information can be used to generate physiologically relevant models to predict future changes in the altitudinal ranges of these species.
44
Bílá, Karolína, Jan Šipoš, Pavel Kindlmann, and Tomáš Kuras. "Consequences for selected high-elevation butterflies and moths from the spread ofPinus mugointo the alpine zone in the High Sudetes Mountains." PeerJ 4 (June 7, 2016): e2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2094.
Full textAbstract:
Due to changes in the global climate, isolated alpine sites have become one of the most vulnerable habitats worldwide. The indigenous fauna in these habitats is threatened by an invasive species, dwarf pine (Pinus mugo), which is highly competitive and could be important in determining the composition of the invertebrate community. In this study, the association of species richness and abundance of butterflies with the extent ofPinus mugocover at individual alpine sites was determined. Butterflies at alpine sites in the High Sudetes Mountains (Mts.) were sampled using Moericke yellow water traps. The results of a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that at a local scale the area of alpine habitats is the main limiting factor for native species of alpine butterflies. Butterfly assemblages are associated with distance to the tree-line with the optimum situated in the lower forest zone. In addition the CCA revealed that biotic factors (i.e.Pinus mugoand alpine tundra vegetation) accounted for a significant amount of the variability in species data. Regionally, the CCA identified that the species composition of butterflies and moths is associated with presence and origin ofPinus mugo. Our study provides evidence that the structure of the Lepidopteran fauna that formed during the postglacial period and also the present composition of species assemblages is associated with the presence ofPinus mugo. With global warming,Pinus mugohas the potential to spread further into alpine areas and negatively affect the local species communities.
45
Pede, Elena, and Luca Staricco. "L'adattamento locale al cambiamento climatico in aree alpine." TERRITORIO, no. 93 (January 2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2020-093018.
Full textAbstract:
Le Alpi sono tra le zone più vulnerabili ai cambiamenti climatici in Europa; tuttavia il dibattito sulle strategie e le azioni di adattamento continua a concentrarsi prevalentemente sulle aree urbane e costiere maggiormente popolate. L'articolo presenta i risultati di un'indagine sulle pratiche di adattamento locale ai cambiamenti climatici messe in campo in un'area alpina, costituita dai 45 comuni della Zona omogenea del Pinerolese (Torino). L'indagine fa emergere alcune barriere che possono ostacolare l'adattamento al cambiamento climatico nei contesti montani, o comportare una sua declinazione in termini di pratiche poco sistematiche e ambiziose: una percezione del cambiamento in termini quasi esclusivi di intensificazione degli eventi estremi, l'iperframmentazione comunale, la mancanza di un'efficace governance orizzontale e verticale, la carenza di risorse finanziarie e conoscitive.
46
Dabovski, Christo, Alexandra Harkovska, Borislav Kamenov, Bozhidar Mavrudchiev, Girgina Stanisheva-Vassileva, and Yotzo Yanev. "A geodynamic model of the Alpine magmatism in Bulgaria." Geologica Balcanica 21, no. 4 (August 30, 1991): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.21.4.3.
Full textAbstract:
The territory of Bulgaria covers part of the active continental margin of the Eurasian plate. Several first-order tectonic units may be distmguished: Moesian platform, paraautochthonous margin of the platform, zone of Mid-Mesozoic collage units, Late Cretaceous island-arc system and a system of Cenozoic collisional and post-collisional grabens. The Alpine magmatism is genetically related to the evolution of the Eurasian margin and the Tethyan ocean south of it. The earliest Alpine magmatic activity is represented by Triassic, basic and intermediate, strongly altered volcanics (NW Bulgaria, in boreholes). They are related to initial, embryonal rifting of the Moesian platform. The Triassic and Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous small bodies of basic volcamcs in the SE collage units are interpreted as ensimatic. During the Upper Cretaceous an ensialic island-arc system originated. The related intensive magmatism formed the Srednogoric volcano-intrusive zone (SVIZ). The magmatic rocks are products of complex differentiation processes. Their formation was accompanied by deep-water sedimentation. All magmatic groups, according to SiO2 content, occur. By the K2O/SiO2 ratio they belong to the TH, CA, HKCA, SH, HKTR (high-K transitional) and BG (bulgaritic) series. Longitudinal and transversal zonahties may be traced. In a global aspect SVIZ is one of the most ancient segments of the Alpine-Himalayan volcano-intrusive belt. The bulgaritic petrochemical trend is related to the earliest generation of K-cnriched magmas in the Mediterranean region. The products of the collisional magmatism are exposed in the Macedonian-Rhodope-North Aegean volcanic zone (MRNAVZ) located south of the Late Cretaceous island arc. It originated during the Eocene-Oligocene (37-25 Ma) as a result of the collision between Eurasia and the Apulian promontory of Africa. The magmatic rocks belong dominantly to the intermediate and acid groups and to the CA, HKCA and SH series. The distribution of intermediate and acid rocks in this zone is controlled by the thickness of the crust. In the Eastern and Central Rhodopes the K-content increases from south to north. The volcanic activity in the zone occurred in conditions of intensive block orogeny and was accompanied by terrigenous molasse sedimentation. During the Neogene a zone of transversal faulting developed in the collisional orogen (remainding of Himalayan-type orogen) and parts of the Moesian platform. This zone is marked by small bodies of basic and ultrabasic, Na-alkalinc and subalkalinc rocks. The K-content increases in southward direction, toward the collisional front.
47
Argyriadis, I., M. Midoun, and P. Ntontos. "A NEW INTERPRETATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNAL HELLENIDES." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11179.
Full textAbstract:
This study is based on some new observations made from Southern and Central Evia, Argolis and North-central part of Pindos. Our observations lead us to adopt a simplified view of the paleogeography of Greek mainland just before the Alpine orogeny. The subsequent varied tectonic units originate mainly from the following paleogeographic areas:• A carbonate Arab-African shelf margin which displays several lateral transitions, ridges and basins. In the Greek mainland this margin is represented by the Preapulian, Ionian, GavrovoTripolis, Parnassos zones, Olympus platform and probably the Kavala and Thassos Marbles.• A transition zone from the shelf units to the Tethys ophiolites (Pindos Zone, Styra, Argolis and Hydra, Eretrias new unit).• Tethys ophiolites, which might represent an “ocean” fault zone or subduction of lithosphere along a weak zone.• An Hercynian continental mass (Servomacedonian).
48
Kuzyk, Gerald W., Michael M. Dehn, and Richard S. Farnell. "Body-size comparisons of alpine- and forest-wintering woodland caribou herds in the Yukon." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 7 (October 20, 1999): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-053.
Full textAbstract:
Information from radiotelemetry studies has shown that woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) living in the snow-shadow region of the southwest part of the Yukon spend part of the winter in the subalpine and alpine zones. Other woodland caribou living in areas with high snowfall in central and eastern Yukon have traditional winter ranges in forested lowlands. We theorize that selective forces exerted by the wintering environments will have induced differences in caribou body characteristics, and we test the hypothesis that woodland caribou that winter in the alpine zone are phenotypically different from those wintering in forested environments. We compared five physical measurements from 382 female woodland caribou in 11 Yukon herds. Our results indicate a significant (14 cm) difference in shoulder height between forest- and alpine-wintering groups, but provide no support for the hypothesis that the difference is due to snow depth. There were no significant differences in other body measurements or in body proportions. It is also unlikely that the difference in shoulder height is due to winter nutrition, since body condition scores did not differ between forest- and alpine-wintering groups. We discuss seasonal nutrition, predation, and migration as alternative explanations for our results.
49
Miller, Norton G., and Ray W. Spear. "Late-Quaternary history of the alpine flora of the New Hampshire White Mountains." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 53, no. 1 (October 2, 2002): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004854ar.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A distinctive flora of 73 species of vascular plants and numerous bryophytes occurs in the ca. 20 km 2 of alpine tundra in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. The late- Quaternary distribution of these plants, many of which are disjuncts, was investigated by studies of pollen and plant macrofossils from lower Lakes of the Clouds (1 542 m) in the alpine zone of Mount Washington. Results were compared with pollen and macrofossils from lowland late-glacial deposits in western New England. Lowland paleofloras contained fossils of 43 species of vascular plants, 13 of which occur in the contemporary alpine flora of the White Mountains. A majority of species in the paleoflora has geographic affinities to Labrador, northern Québec, and Greenland, a pattern also apparent for mosses in the lowland deposits. The first macrofossils in lower Lakes of the Clouds were arctic-alpine mosses of acid soils. Although open-ground mosses and vascular plants continued to occur throughout the Holocene, indicating that alpine tundra persisted, fossils of a low-elevation moss Hylocomiastrum umbratum are evidence that forest (perhaps as krummholz) covered a greater area near the basin from 7 500 to 3 500 yBP. No calcicolous plants were recovered from sediments at lower Lakes of the Clouds. Climatic constraints on the alpine flora during the Younger Dryas oscillation and perhaps during other cold-climate events and intervening periods of higher temperature may have led to the loss of plant species in the White Mountain alpine zone. Late-glacial floras of lowland western New England were much richer than floras of areas above treeline during late-glacial time and at the present.
50
García-Gutiérrez, Teresa, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Eduardo Fernández-Pascual, and Jonas V. Müller. "Functional diversity and ecological requirements of alpine vegetation types in a biogeographical transition zone." Phytocoenologia 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2017/0224.
Full text