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Journal articles on the topic 'Alpine orogenic belts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

ΜΟΥΝΤΡΑΚΗΣ, Δ. "Tectonic evolution of the Hellenic Orogen. Geometry and kinematics of deformations." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 6 (2002): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16853.

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The Hellenic orogen consists of three orogenic belts: 1) the Cimmerian orogenic belt, including Rhodopian, Serbomacedonian, Circum Rhodope, Axios and Pelagonian zones, is the internal belt which has been created in pre-Late Jurassic times as a result of the northward drift of Cimmerian contrinental fragments from Gondwana towards Eurasia. Ophiolites from small ocean basins were mainly emplaced onto the Cimmerian continental margins in Middle Jurassic. 2) the Alpine orogenic belt, including External Hellenides and Pindos-Subpelagonian ophiolites and oceanic sediments (Neo-Tethyan), which has be

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2

Polat, Ali. "Ali Mehmet Celâl Şengör: A geologist who unravels the histories of continents and oceans." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 11 (2019): v—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0175.

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This special issue is dedicated to Ali Mehmet Celâl Şengör for his outstanding contributions to plate tectonics and history of geology. His studies have unraveled several mysteries on the origin and deformation of continents and formation of orogenic belts in many parts of the world. We received 22 articles for the special issue, 11 of which are published in this issue. The rest of the articles will be published in the next issue. The articles in this issue mainly focus on geological processes in the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt and on the history of the theory of plate tectonics.

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Erdős, Zoltán, Ritske S. Huismans, and Peter van der Beek. "Control of increased sedimentation on orogenic fold-and-thrust belt structure – insights into the evolution of the Western Alps." Solid Earth 10, no. 2 (2019): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-391-2019.

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Abstract. We use two-dimensional thermomechanical models to investigate the potential role of rapid filling of foreland basins in the development of orogenic foreland fold-and-thrust belts. We focus on the extensively studied example of the Western European Alps, where a sudden increase in foreland sedimentation rate during the mid-Oligocene is well documented. Our model results indicate that such an increase in sedimentation rate will temporarily disrupt the formation of an otherwise regular, outward-propagating basement thrust-sheet sequence. The frontal basement thrust active at the time of

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4

Lardeaux, Jean-Marc. "Deciphering orogeny: a metamorphic perspective Examples from European Alpine and Variscan belts." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 185, no. 5 (2014): 281–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.185.5.281.

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AbstractIn this paper we review and discuss, in a synthetic historical way, the main results obtained on Variscan metamorphism in the French Massif Central. First, we describe the pre-orogenic architecture of the French Massif Central on the base of available lithostratigraphic and geochemical constraints. Second, we portray the progressive metamorphic evolution through time and space with the presentation of 6 metamorphic maps corresponding to critical orogenic periods, namely 430–400 Ma, 400–370 Ma, 370–360 Ma, 360–345 Ma, 340–325 Ma and 320–290 Ma. We discuss the role of multiple subduction

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Scisciani, Vittorio, Stefano Patruno, Enrico Tavarnelli, Fernando Calamita, Paolo Pace, and David Iacopini. "Multi-phase reactivations and inversions of Paleozoic–Mesozoic extensional basins during the Wilson cycle: case studies from the North Sea (UK) and the Northern Apennines (Italy)." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 470, no. 1 (2019): 205–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp470-2017-232.

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AbstractThe Caledonian and Variscan orogens in northern Europe and the Alpine-age Apennine range in Italy are classic examples of thrust belts that were developed at the expense of formerly rifted, passive continental margins that subsequently experienced various degrees of post-orogenic collapse and extension. The outer zones of orogenic belts, and their adjoining foreland domains and regions, where the effects of superposed deformations are mild to very mild make it possible to recognize and separate structures produced at different times and to correctly establish their chronology and relat

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Bonnet, Cécile, Jacques Malavieille, and Jon Mosar. "Surface processes versus kinematics of thrust belts: impact on rates of erosion, sedimentation, and exhumation – Insights from analogue models." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 179, no. 3 (2008): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.179.3.297.

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Abstract The mechanical equilibrium of an orogenic wedge is maintained thanks to interactions between tectonic processes and surface processes. To better constrain the influence of erosion and sedimentation on the evolution of orogens, we performed a series of analogue models based on the tapered wedge principle, varying the amounts of erosion and sedimentation. The models develop by frontal accretion in the foreland basin and by simple underthrusting and subsequent underplating in the hinterland. The variations in rates of erosion and sedimentation strongly modify the extent, the morphology,

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GRANADO, P., W. THÖNY, N. CARRERA, O. GRATZER, P. STRAUSS, and J. A. MUÑOZ. "Basement-involved reactivation in foreland fold-and-thrust belts: the Alpine–Carpathian Junction (Austria)." Geological Magazine 153, no. 5-6 (2016): 1110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000066.

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AbstractThe late Eocene – early Miocene Alpine–Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt (FTB) lies in the transition between the Eastern Alps and the Western Carpathians, SE of the Bohemian crystalline massif. Our study shows the involvement of crystalline basement from the former European Jurassic continental margin in two distinct events. A first extensional event coeval with Eggerian–Karpatian (c. 28–16 Ma) thin-skinned thrusting reactivated the rift basement fault array and resulted from the large degree of lower plate bending promoted by high lateral gradients of lithospheric strength and slab pul

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8

Lardeaux, Jean-Marc. "Deciphering orogeny: a metamorphic perspective. Examples from European Alpine and Variscan belts." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 185, no. 2 (2014): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.185.2.93.

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AbstractIn this paper we review and discuss, in a synthetic historical way, the main results obtained on Alpine metamorphism in the western Alps. First, we describe the finite metamorphic architecture of the western Alps and discuss its relationships with subduction and collision processes. Second, we portray the progressive metamorphic evolution through time and space with the presentation of 5 metamorphic maps corresponding to critical orogenic periods, namely 85-65 Ma, 60-50 Ma, 48-40 Ma, 38-33 Ma and 30-20 Ma. We underline the lack of temporal data on high-pressure/low-temperature metamorp

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9

Butler, Robert W. H., Henry W. Lickorish, Jamie Vinnels, and William D. McCaffrey. "Untangling the Annot sand fairway: structure and stratigraphy of the Eastern Champsaur Basin (Eocene–Oligocene), French Alps." Journal of the Geological Society 177, no. 6 (2020): 1197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-015.

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Early foredeep successions can yield insight into tectonic processes operating adjacent to and ahead of fledgling orogenic belts but are commonly deformed by the same orogens. We develop a workflow towards stratigraphic understanding of these deformed basins, applied to the Eastern Champsaur Basin of the French Alps. This contains a down-system correlative of the southern-sourced (Eocene–Oligocene) Annot turbidites. These strata are deformed by arrays of west-facing folds that developed beneath the Embrunais–Ubaye tectonic allochthon. The folds vary in geometry through the stratigraphic multil

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Beltrando, Marco, Gianreto Manatschal, Geoffroy Mohn, Giorgio Vittorio Dal Piaz, Alberto Vitale Brovarone, and Emmanuel Masini. "Recognizing remnants of magma-poor rifted margins in high-pressure orogenic belts: The Alpine case study." Earth-Science Reviews 131 (April 2014): 88–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.01.001.

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Lescoutre, Rodolphe, and Gianreto Manatschal. "Role of rift-inheritance and segmentation for orogenic evolution: example from the Pyrenean-Cantabrian system." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 191 (2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020021.

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The Basque-Cantabrian junction corresponds to an inverted rift accommodation zone at the limit between the former hyperextended Pyrenean and Cantabrian rift segments. The recognition of an inherited rift segment boundary allows to investigate the reactivation associated with large-scale rift segmentation in an orogenic system. We use criteria from published field observations and seismic data to propose a new map of rift domains for the Basque-Cantabrian junction. We also provide balanced cross-sections that allow to define the along-strike architecture associated with segmentation during rift

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Dieni, Iginio, Francesco Massari, and Jacques Médus. "Age, depositional environment and stratigraphic value of the Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate: insight into the Palaeogene to Early Miocene geodynamic evolution of Sardinia." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 179, no. 1 (2008): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.179.1.51.

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Abstract The Cuccuru ’e Flores Conglomerate of eastern Sardinia, a syntectonic unit lining major Cenozoic faults, has been dated by means of palynology at the early middle Lutetian. The deposits were mainly laid down by sediment gravity flows in a subaqueous setting and formed aprons of laterally interfingering debris cones at the toe of active tectonic scarps. Most clasts of rudites are of local provenance. Interestingly, the rudites include minor amounts of clasts of formations which no longer crop out in the area, providing important information on the reconstruction of the original stratig

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Piana, Fabrizio, Luca Barale, Carlo Bertok, Anna d’Atri, Andrea Irace, and Pietro Mosca. "The Alps-Apennines Interference Zone: A Perspective from the Maritime and Western Ligurian Alps." Geosciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050185.

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In SW Piemonte the Western Alps arc ends off in a narrow, E-W trending zone, where some geological domains of the Alps converged. Based on a critical review of available data, integrated with new field data, it is concluded that the southern termination of Western Alps recorded the Oligocene-Miocene activity of a regional transfer zone (southwestern Alps Transfer, SWAT) already postulated in the literature, which should have allowed, since early Oligocene, the westward indentation of Adria, while the regional shortening of SW Alps and tectonic transport toward the SSW (Dauphinois foreland) was

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Molli, Giancarlo, and Jacques Malavieille. "Orogenic processes and structural heritage in Alpine-type mountain belts and Mediterranean region: A foreword and an introduction." Tectonophysics 579 (December 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.07.020.

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15

BALESTRO, GIANNI, ANDREA FESTA, ALESSANDRO BORGHI, DANIELE CASTELLI, MARCO GATTIGLIO, and PAOLA TARTAROTTI. "Role of Late Jurassic intra-oceanic structural inheritance in the Alpine tectonic evolution of the Monviso meta-ophiolite Complex (Western Alps)." Geological Magazine 155, no. 2 (2017): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756817000553.

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AbstractThe eclogite-facies Monviso meta-ophiolite Complex in the Western Alps represents a well-preserved fragment of oceanic lithosphere and related Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous sedimentary covers. This meta-ophiolite sequence records the evolution of an oceanic core complex formed by mantle exhumation along an intra-oceanic detachment fault (the Baracun Shear Zone), related to the opening of the Ligurian–Piedmont oceanic basin (Alpine Tethys). On the basis of detailed geological mapping, and structural, stratigraphic and petrological observations, we propose a new interpretation for th

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LENAZ, DAVIDE, VADIM S. KAMENETSKY, and FRANCESCO PRINCIVALLE. "Cr-spinel supply in the Brkini, Istrian and Krk Island flysch basins (Slovenia, Italy and Croatia)." Geological Magazine 140, no. 3 (2003): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756803007581.

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In Late Cretaceous times, subduction of oceanic crust occurred to the north of the Adria plate and was followed by the formation of ophiolitic complexes. Continental collision in Alpine orogenic belts lasted from Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary times. The progressive contraction of oceanic crust caused the uplift of previously rifted continental margin and platforms and the formation of foredeep flysch basins. Detrital Cr-spinels are widespread in Eocene sandstones of the Brkini, Istrian and Krk Island foredeep flysch basins. On the basis of their TiO2 content and FeO/Fe2O3 ratio, spinels de

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Vannucchi, Paola, Jason P. Morgan, Alina Polonia, and Giancarlo Molli. "The life cycle of subcontinental peridotites: From rifted continental margins to mountains via subduction processes." Geology 48, no. 12 (2020): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47717.1.

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Abstract Serpentinization greatly affects the physical and chemical properties of lithospheric mantle. Here we address the fate of serpentinized peridotites and their influence over an entire Wilson cycle. We document the near-surface journey of serpentinized subcontinental peridotites exhumed during rifting and continental breakup, reactivated as buoyant material during subduction, and ultimately emplaced as “ophiolite-like” fragments within orogenic belts. This life cycle is particularly well documented in former Tethys margins, where recent studies describe the ongoing incorporation of Meso

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Chew, David M., and Cees R. Van Staal. "The Ocean – Continent Transition Zones Along the Appalachian – Caledonian Margin of Laurentia: Examples of Large-Scale Hyperextension During the Opening of the Iapetus Ocean." Geoscience Canada 41, no. 2 (2014): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.040.

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A combination of deep seismic imaging and drilling has demonstrated that the ocean-continent transition (OCT) of present-day, magma-poor, rifted continental margins is a zone of hyperextension characterized by extreme thinning of the continental crust that exhumed the lowermost crust and/or serpentinized continental mantle onto the seafloor. The OCT on present-day margins is difficult to sample, and so much of our knowledge on the detailed nature of OCT sequences comes from obducted, magma-poor OCT ophiolites such as those preserved in the upper portions of the Alpine fold-and-thrust belt. All

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Şengör, A. M. Celâl, and Joann Stock. "The Ayyubid Orogen: An Ophiolite Obduction-Driven Orogen in the Late Cretaceous of the Neo-Tethyan South Margin." Geoscience Canada 41, no. 2 (2014): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.042.

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A minimum 5000-km long obduction-driven orogeny of medial to late Cretaceous age is located between Cyrenaica in eastern Libya and Oman. It is herein called the Ayyubid Orogen after the Ayyubid Empire that covered much of its territory. The Ayyubid orogen is distinct from other Alpide orogens and has two main parts: a western, mainly germanotype belt and an eastern mainly alpinotype belt. The germanotype belt formed largely as a result of an aborted obduction, whereas the alpinotype part formed as a result of successful and large-scale obduction events that choked a nascent subduction zone. Th

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ERKÜL, FUAT. "Tectonic significance of synextensional ductile shear zones within the Early Miocene Alaçamdağ granites, northwestern Turkey." Geological Magazine 147, no. 4 (2009): 611–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756809990719.

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AbstractSynextensional granitoids may have significant structural features leading to the understanding of the evolution of extended orogenic belts. One of the highly extended regions, the Aegean region, includes a number of metamorphic core complexes and synextensional granitoids that developed following the Alpine collisional events. The Alaçamdağ area in northwestern Turkey is one of the key areas where Miocene granites crop out along the boundary of various tectonic units. Structural data from the Early Miocene Alaçamdağ granites demonstrated two different deformation patterns that may pro

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Verwater, Vincent F., Eline Le Breton, Mark R. Handy, Vincenzo Picotti, Azam Jozi Najafabadi, and Christian Haberland. "Neogene kinematics of the Giudicarie Belt and eastern Southern Alpine orogenic front (northern Italy)." Solid Earth 12, no. 6 (2021): 1309–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1309-2021.

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Abstract. Neogene indentation of the Adriatic plate into Europe led to major modifications of the Alpine orogenic structures and style of deformation in the Eastern and Southern Alps. The Giudicarie Belt is a prime example of this, as it offsets the entire Alpine orogenic edifice; its activity has been kinematically linked to strike-slip faulting and lateral extrusion of the Eastern Alps. Remaining questions on the exact role of this fold-and-thrust belt in the structure of the Alpine orogen at depth necessitate a quantitative analysis of the shortening, kinematics, and depth of decoupling ben

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Tartarotti, Paola, Silvana Martin, Andrea Festa, and Gianni Balestro. "Metasediments Covering Ophiolites in the HP Internal Belt of the Western Alps: Review of Tectono-Stratigraphic Successions and Constraints for the Alpine Evolution." Minerals 11, no. 4 (2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11040411.

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Ophiolites of the Alpine belt derive from the closure of the Mesozoic Tethys Ocean that was interposed between the palaeo-Europe and palaeo-Adria continental plates. The Alpine orogeny has intensely reworked the oceanic rocks into metaophiolites with various metamorphic imprints. In the Western Alps, metaophiolites and continental-derived units are distributed within two paired bands: An inner band where Alpine subduction-related high-pressure (HP) metamorphism is preserved, and an outer band where blueschist to greenschist facies recrystallisation due to the decompression path prevails. The m

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Vozárová, Anna, Fritz Ebner, Sándor Kovács, et al. "Late Variscan (Carboniferous to Permian) environments in the Circum Pannonian Region." Geologica Carpathica 60, no. 1 (2009): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-009-0002-7.

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Late Variscan (Carboniferous to Permian) environments in the Circum Pannonian RegionThe Pennsylvanian-Cisuralian late-orogenic and post-orogenic paleoenvironments of the Circum Pannonian Region (CPR) include tectono-stratigraphic sequences developed from the Upper Bashkirian-Moscovian marine early molasse stage up to the Guadalupian-Lopingian post-orogenic stage, with gradual connection to the beginning of the Alpine (Neotethyan) sedimentary cycle. Shallow marine siliciclastic or carbonate siliciclastic overstep sequences started in the internal part of the Variscan orogenic belt during the la

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Ghanbarian, Mohammad Ali, Ali Yassaghi, and Reza Derakhshani. "Detecting a Sinistral Transpressional Deformation Belt in the Zagros." Geosciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11060226.

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The oblique collision between the northeastern margin of the Arabian platform and the Iranian microcontinent has led to transpressional deformation in the Zagros orogenic belt in the central part of the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt. Although previous articles have emphasized the dextral sense of shear in the Zagros orogenic belt, in this paper, using several indicators of kinematic shear sense upon field checking and microscopic thin-section studies, evidence of the development of a sinistral top-to-the NW deformation belt is presented. The mean attitudes of the foliations and lineations in

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BUZZI, L., L. GAGGERO, L. GROZDANOV, S. YANEV, and F. SLEJKO. "High-Mg potassic rocks in the Balkan segment of the Variscan belt (Bulgaria): implications for the genesis of orogenic lamproite magmas." Geological Magazine 147, no. 3 (2009): 434–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756809990550.

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AbstractUltrapotassic plutons from several domains of the Variscan orogenic belt have been in turn interpreted as syn- to post-orogenic due to their age spread, but assessment of their geodynamic setting and source regions is still open to interpretation. In the Svoge region (Bulgaria), at the southern margin of the Balkan orogen, peralkalic plutons are hosted within Ordovician pelites. The main intrusion, with lamproitic affinity, which hosts monzodiorite xenoliths and a polyphase syenite suite, was emplaced at a shallow level.40Ar–39Ar dating by step-heating of amphibole and biotite yielded

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Alonso-Chaves, F., J. I. Soto, M. Orozco, A. A. Kilias, and M. D. Tranos. "TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE BETIC CORDILLERA: AN OVERVIEW." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (2004): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16563.

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The Betic (Southern Spain) and the Rif (Morocco) mountain chains, connected through the Gibraltar Strait, shapes a W-E elongated and arcuate Alpine orogenic belt. The Alborân Sea, in continuity to the east with the South Balearic Basin, is located in the inner part of this alpine belt. The Iberian and African continental forelands bound the region as a whole to the north and south, respectively, and to the east it is connected to the oceanic Sardine-Balearic Basin. The peculiarities of these westernmost Mediterranean chains result from: (1) its position between two large convergent plates -Afr

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Long, Sean P., and Matthew J. Kohn. "Distributed ductile thinning during thrust emplacement: A commonly overlooked exhumation mechanism." Geology 48, no. 4 (2020): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47022.1.

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Abstract Quantifying the processes that control exhumation is essential for understanding the evolution of mountain belts. In the Cordilleran orogen in Nevada (western United States), rocks exhumed in the Ruby–East Humboldt metamorphic core complex underwent 4 ± 2 kbar of decompression between 85 and 60 Ma, which has been interpreted as a consequence of synorogenic extension. However, evidence for significant normal faulting in this region prior to 45 Ma is lacking. Here, we present an alternative interpretation: that this decompression can be attributed to distributed ductile thinning (DDT) o

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Wagner, T., and N. J. Cook. "Late-orogenic alpine-type (apatite)-quartz fissure vein mineralization in the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, NW Germany: mineralogy, formation conditions and lateral-secretionary origin." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 3 (2000): 539–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646100549418.

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AbstractMineralogical, geochemical and fluid inclusion investigations of a representative suite of fissure vein mineralizations in the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, NW Germany indicate a link to the latest stage of the Variscan orogenic evolution. Model P-T-conditions during initiation of fibrous fissure vein quartz growth are in the range 370–420°C at 0.2–0.7 kbar. The dataset suggests significant fluid cooling during evolution of the vein systems. Minimum temperatures at the end of fibrous quartz growth lie in the range 140–190°C, with conductive heat transfer and heat consumption during inte

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Célini, Naïm, Jean-Paul Callot, Jean-Claude Ringenbach, and Rodney Graham. "Anatomy and evolution of the Astoin diapiric complex, sub-Alpine fold-and-thrust belt (France)." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 192 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2021018.

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The structure of the southwestern branch of the Alpine orogen is affected by the extensive Late Triassic evaporites. These evaporites have been involved in polyphased salt tectonics since the early Liassic, coeval with the Tethyan rifting, and are the décollement level for thrusts in the external parts during Alpine orogeny. The role of salt tectonics in this branch of the Alpine arc is re-evaluated in order to determine the relative importance of early deformation related to salt motion with respect to deformation related to main Alpine compressional events. This paper focuses on one structur

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Mock, Samuel, Christoph von Hagke, Fritz Schlunegger, István Dunkl, and Marco Herwegh. "Long-wavelength late-Miocene thrusting in the north Alpine foreland: implications for late orogenic processes." Solid Earth 11, no. 5 (2020): 1823–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020.

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Abstract. In this paper, we present new exhumation ages for the imbricated proximal molasse, i.e. Subalpine Molasse, of the northern Central Alps. Based on apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronometry, we constrain thrust-driven exhumation in the Subalpine Molasse between 12 and 4 Ma. This occurs synchronously to the main deformation in the adjacent Jura fold-and-thrust belt farther north and to the late stage of thrust-related exhumation of the basement massifs (i.e. external crystalline massifs) in the hinterland. Our results agree with other findings along the north Alpine foreland. While site-sp

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Ring, U., K. Gessner, S. Thomson, and V. Markwitz. "Along-strike variations in the Hellenide Anatolide orogen: A tale of different lithospheres and consequences." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 2 (2017): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11096.

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Structure and exhumation history of the Hellenide-Anatolide Orogen in the Aegean Sea region and the adjacent Anatolian peninsula is controlled by along-strike variations of pre-Alpine palaeogeography. In the Hellenides, Mesozoic extension created ribbon-like continental fragments of thinned and dense lithosphere that pinch out eastwards. In the east, the relatively large Anatolide microcontinent mostly escaped Mesozoic extension and lithospheric thinning, presumably because it had a distinctly different, thicker and more depleted lithosphere. In the Aegean transect these alongstrike difference

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SHAKED, YONATHAN, DOV AVIGAD, and ZVI GARFUNKEL. "Alpine high-pressure metamorphism at the Almyropotamos window (southern Evia, Greece)." Geological Magazine 137, no. 4 (2000): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680000426x.

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The Alpine orogenic belt of the Hellenides has been strongly reworked by ductile and brittle extensional tectonics. Extensional structures have affected the central Aegean region and obliterated much of the original orogenic architecture since at least early Miocene times. In the area of Almyropotamos (on the island of Evia, flanking the western part of the Aegean) a unique remnant compressional nappe stack involving Tertiary metamorphic rocks has been preserved. This nappe sequence comprises a high-pressure rock unit on top of a lower grade unit. The upper unit (South Evia Blueschist Belt) is

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Vanderhaeghe, Olivier, and Alexia Grabkowiak. "Tectonic accretion and recycling of the continental lithosphere during the Alpine orogeny along the Pyrenees." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 185, no. 4 (2014): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.185.4.257.

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Abstract The goal of this paper is to identify the fate of the continental lithosphere along the Iberia-Eurasia convergent plate boundary marked by the formation of the Pyrenean orogenic belt. The present-day volumes of crust and lithosphere beneath the Pyrenees and the volume of eroded crust redistributed in neighbo ring basins are evaluated based on a synthesis of available geological and geophysical data. The volumes that are expected to have transited across the former plate boundary are modeled taking into account Iberia-Eurasia convergence and making assumptions regarding the initial lit

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von Gosen, W. "Fabric developments and the evolution of the Periadriatic Lineament in southeast Austria." Geological Magazine 126, no. 1 (1989): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800006142.

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AbstractThe Periadriatic Lineament Zone which forms the boundary between the Eastern and Southern Alps in the Karawanken region of Austria has a complex history spanning the Variscan and Alpine orogenies. Variscan regional metamorphism and polyphase deformation followed by Late to Post Variscan intrusive activity with accompanying contact metamorphism affects a belt of structurally complex rocks referred to as the Eisenkappel Zone to the north of the lineament. Weak Early Alpine deformation in the Southern Alpine rocks can also be recognized in the Eisenkappel Zone. The Young Alpine intrusion

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de Boorder, H., W. Spakman, S. H. White, and M. J. R. Wortel. "Late Cenozoic mineralization, orogenic collapse and slab detachment in the European Alpine Belt." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 164, no. 3-4 (1998): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00247-7.

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VIGNAROLI, GIANLUCA, FEDERICO ROSSETTI, THOMAS THEYE, and CLAUDIO FACCENNA. "Styles and regimes of orogenic thickening in the Peloritani Mountains (Sicily, Italy): new constraints on the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Apennine belt." Geological Magazine 145, no. 4 (2008): 552–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756807004293.

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AbstractThe Peloritani Mountains constitute the Sicilian portion of the Calabria–Peloritani Arc (Italy), a tectono-metamorphic edifice recording the history of the subduction–exhumation cycle during Tertiary convergence between the African and European plates. Here, we describe the kinematic and the petrological characteristics of the major shear zones bounding the lowermost continental-derived metamorphic units cropping out in the eastern portion of the Peloritani Mountains. Both meso- and micro-scale shear sense criteria indicate a top-to-the-SSE tectonic transport, during a general evolutio

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Michard, André, Ahmed Chalouan, Hugues Feinberg, Bruno Goffé, and Raymond Montigny. "How does the Alpine belt end between Spain and Morocco ?" Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, no. 1 (2002): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.1.3.

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Abstract The Betic-Rif arcuate mountain belt (southern Spain, northern Morocco) has been interpreted as a symmetrical collisional orogen, partly collapsed through convective removal of its lithospheric mantle root, or else as resulting of the African plate subduction beneath Iberia, with further extension due either to slab break-off or to slab retreat. In both cases, the Betic-Rif orogen would show little continuity with the western Alps. However, it can be recognized in this belt a composite orocline which includes a deformed, exotic terrane, i.e. the Alboran Terrane, thrust through oceanic/

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Allemand, Pascal, and Jean-Marc Lardeaux. "Strain partitioning and metamorphism in a deformable orogenic wedge: Application to the Alpine belt." Tectonophysics 280, no. 1-2 (1997): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00136-4.

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Trifonov, V. G., and S. Yu Sokolov. "Structure of the mantle and tectonic zoning of the central Alpine-Himalayan belt." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 9, no. 4 (2018): 1127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2018-9-4-0386.

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The Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt is characterized by longitudinal zoning and transverse segmentation. Using the 3D seismic tomography model, we compiled the sections showing the deviations of seismic P-wave velocities from the average values in the mantle, and analyzed the sections in comparison with the data on the crustal inhomogeneities expressed in geological structures. The sections go across of the central part of the belt from Adriatic to Western Tien Shan, Pamirs, Western Himalayas, and the adjacent territories of the East African rift system, the Arabian, Turanian and Scythian plate

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Zouhri, Lahcen, Christian Lamouroux, Daniel Vachard, and Alain Pique. "Evidence of flexural extension of the Rif foreland: The Rharb-Mamora basin (northern Morocco)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, no. 6 (2002): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.6.509.

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Abstract The Rharb-Mamora basin is the foreland of the Rif Cordillera (orogenic belt). The Mamora area (northern Morocco) is located at the southern border of the Rharb basin and intercalated between the Alpine Rif Mountains to the north and the Hercynian Moroccan Meseta domain to the south. Analysis and interpretation of seismic lines, hydrogeological and oil wells, have allowed to precise the major structural elements of the Mamora area, which is covered by late Neogene sediments. The structure of the area is controlled by faults that also affect the Paleozoic basement. The NE-SW and NW-SE t

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Chalouan, Ahmed, Andre Michard, Hugues Feinberg, Raymond Montigny, and Omar Saddiqi. "The Rif mountain building (Morocco); a new tectonic scenario." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172, no. 5 (2001): 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/172.5.603.

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Abstract The building of the Alpine Rif belt (southern limb of the Betic-Rif orocline) is restored, mostly based on the Tertiary stratigraphic and metamorphic data set. The Betic-Rif Internal zones derive from an exotic Alboran Terrane partly involved in a S-dipping Betic subduction during the Late Cretaceous ?-Eocene. Incipient collision of the terrane against Iberia triggered back-thrust tectonics south of the Internal mountain belt during the latest Eocene-Oligocene. A N-dipping Maghrebian subduction developed from that time up to Middle Miocene, responsible for the rifting of the internal

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CHEN, ZHONG-QIANG, XIANGDONG WANG, BARRY RICHARDS, and MARKUS ARETZ. "Multidisciplinary studies of global Carboniferous stage boundaries: towards a better definition and global correlations: an introduction." Geological Magazine 151, no. 2 (2014): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813001155.

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Earth was very dynamic during the Carboniferous with major components of the Pangea supercontinent being assembled from late Famennian to latest Pennsylvanian times, although maximum consolidation occurred during Late Permian – Early Triassic time. During the Carboniferous Period, our planet also underwent at least three major icehouse periods. The first two, in late Famennian – early Tournaisian and late Visean – Bashkirian times, indicate the onset of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA) with ice sheets being confined to the alpine regions of southern Gondwana. The third icehouse regime during

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Unal, M., and C. Uslu. "GIS-BASED ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF URBAN EMERGENCY SHELTERS: THE CASE OF ADANA CITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W1 (October 26, 2016): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w1-95-2016.

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Accessibility analysis of urban emergency shelters can help support urban disaster prevention planning. Pre-disaster emergency evacuation zoning has become a significant topic on disaster prevention and mitigation research. In this study, we assessed the level of serviceability of urban emergency shelters within maximum capacity, usability, sufficiency and a certain walking time limit by employing spatial analysis techniques of GIS-Network Analyst. The methodology included the following aspects: the distribution analysis of emergency evacuation demands, the calculation of shelter space accessi

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Koulakov, Ivan, Sergey Tychkov, Natalia Bushenkova, and Alexander Vasilevsky. "Structure and dynamics of the upper mantle beneath the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic belt, from teleseismic tomography." Tectonophysics 358, no. 1-4 (2002): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(02)00418-3.

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Vozárová, Anna, Sergey Presnyakov, Katarína Šarinová, and Miloš Šmelko. "First evidence for Permian-Triassic boundary volcanism in the Northern Gemericum: geochemistry and U-Pb zircon geochronology." Geologica Carpathica 66, no. 5 (2015): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2015-0032.

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AbstractSeveral magmatic events based on U-Pb zircon geochronology were recognized in the Permian sedimentary succession of the Northern Gemeric Unit (NGU). The Kungurian magmatic event is dominant. The later magmatism stage was documented at the Permian-Triassic boundary. The detrital zircon assemblages from surrounding sediments documented the Sakmarian magmatic age. The post-orogenic extensional/transtensional faulting controlled the magma ascent and its emplacement. The magmatic products are represented by the calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, ranging from basaltic metaandesite to metarhyolite

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Butler, R. W. H., S. J. Matthews, and M. Parish. "The NW external Alpine Thrust Belt and its implications for the geometry of the Western Alpine Orogen." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 19, no. 1 (1986): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.019.01.14.

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Hnylko, O. M. "GEODYNAMICS." GEODYNAMICS 1(10)2011, no. 1(10) (2011): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jgd2011.01.047.

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The tectonic units of the Carpathians are considered in terms of the terrain analysis. Carpathathian orogen is build up of three main elements: microcontinental terrains, sutures and flysch-molasse accretionary prism. There are two main terrains: a northern ALCAPA and a southern Tisza-Dacia. Sutures (Fore-Marmarosh suture, Pieniny Klippen Belt and others), marking the ancient oceanic basins, bound these terrains. The Flysch Carpathians are regarded as the Cretaceous-Neogene accretionary prism. Growing the prism was caused by the Alpine subduction of the Carpathian Flysch basin basement beneath

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Doroozi, Roghieh, Carmela Vaccaro, and Fariborz Masoudi. "Mesozoic alkaline plutonism: Evidence for extensional phase in Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt in Central Alborz, north Iran." Solid Earth Sciences 2, no. 4 (2017): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sesci.2017.07.001.

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Storetvedt, K. M. "The Tethys Sea and the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt; mega-elements in a new global tectonic system." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 62, no. 1-2 (1990): 141–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90198-7.

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Somma, Roberta, Antonia Messina, and Stefano Mazzoli. "Syn-orogenic extension in the Peloritani Alpine Thrust Belt (NE Sicily, Italy): Evidence from the Alì Unit." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 337, no. 9 (2005): 861–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2005.03.004.

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