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1
Anselmo, Sandra. "An alphabet program." Day Care & Early Education 12, no. 4 (June 1985): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01619855.
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Cvetanović, Zorica, Ivana Stojkov, and Ljiljana Kelemen-Milojević. "Koncepcija udžbenika za učenje latinice po programu nastave i učenja." Inovacije u nastavi 35, no. 1 (2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/inovacije2201063c.
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According to the new Curriculum for the second grade of elementary education (2018), the Latin alphabet is taught, in schools where Serbian is the mother tongue, as the second alphabet, after the acquisition of the Cyrillic alphabet. The new textbooks which follow the new Curriculum (2018) were written and published by numerous authors and publishing houses in 2019. Consequently, 12 textbooks in the Catalogue of textbooks for the second and sixth grades of elementary education are listed as approved textbooks for learning the Latin alphabet. Furthermore, two publishing houses have listed two textbooks for the same subject respectively, only written by different authors, and one publishing house offers a digital edition as well. These textbooks have different titles, concepts, and volume. The goal of this paper is to analyze the content for the Latin alphabet learning in the current Curriculum and in the accredited textbooks. In the paper, we analyze first the Curriculum (2018), i.e., the outcomes, content, and instructions for learning the Latin alphabet, and secondly, the methodological concept of the textbooks for learning the second writing system according to the Curriculum. The methodological analysis is focused on the framework of the curriculum, the concepts, and functionality of textbooks for learning the Latin alphabet. After an in-depth analysis, it was concluded that the current Curriculum (2018) does not contain detailed instructions for learning the Latin alphabet, therefore, the concepts of various textbooks for learning this alphabet differ significantly.
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Cvetanović, Zorica, Ivana Stojkov, and Ljiljana Kelemen-Milojević. "Koncepcija udžbenika za učenje latinice po programu nastave i učenja." Inovacije u nastavi 35, no. 1 (2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/inovacije2201063c.
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According to the new Curriculum for the second grade of elementary education (2018), the Latin alphabet is taught, in schools where Serbian is the mother tongue, as the second alphabet, after the acquisition of the Cyrillic alphabet. The new textbooks which follow the new Curriculum (2018) were written and published by numerous authors and publishing houses in 2019. Consequently, 12 textbooks in the Catalogue of textbooks for the second and sixth grades of elementary education are listed as approved textbooks for learning the Latin alphabet. Furthermore, two publishing houses have listed two textbooks for the same subject respectively, only written by different authors, and one publishing house offers a digital edition as well. These textbooks have different titles, concepts, and volume. The goal of this paper is to analyze the content for the Latin alphabet learning in the current Curriculum and in the accredited textbooks. In the paper, we analyze first the Curriculum (2018), i.e., the outcomes, content, and instructions for learning the Latin alphabet, and secondly, the methodological concept of the textbooks for learning the second writing system according to the Curriculum. The methodological analysis is focused on the framework of the curriculum, the concepts, and functionality of textbooks for learning the Latin alphabet. After an in-depth analysis, it was concluded that the current Curriculum (2018) does not contain detailed instructions for learning the Latin alphabet, therefore, the concepts of various textbooks for learning this alphabet differ significantly.
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Helmi, Helmi, and Mega Febriani Sya. "IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN TERPADU DAN PROGRAM TEPAT GUNA DALAM UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT." QARDHUL HASAN: MEDIA PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT 4, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/qh.v4i1.1185.
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The social dedication is one of the Teacher Training Facultys Program. The students face the real social situation and transform their class kowledge to solve the real social program. The real Social Working was held in Sukakarya Village tha a part of Bogor Regency, West Java. Those programs had been done for forty days by twenty students. Previous study had detected the unqualified PAUD teachers, there was no social committe concerning the children and teenagers development. Many of the social members were not aware of the important of health and good education. The economic problem was also a big deal to solve. The program had been progressed based on those problem appeared in Sukakarya village. Some programs that had been done are the accompanied of PAUD school administration, the renovation of PAUD class, the seminar to improve PAUD teachers capability, Quranic Study included Al Quran room for kids and teenagers, the increasing of the known of the letter of the alphabet, the healthy training program, the development of the creative economic program, the smart corner in order to facilitate the children for literature and finally, this program ended after the celebration of Independence Day.
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Poggenpohl, Sharon, Richard L. Venezky, Eli Blevis, Andrew Cargile, Alon Friedman, and Jay Melican. "The Alphabet Highway." Information Design Journal 8, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.8.3.08pog.
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Strengthening literacy amongst school children is a national educational priority in the US. The 'Alphabet Highway' moves reading and writing onto the Internet and Worldwide Web with its program of mentor-assisted writing and electronic publication. Its focus is the coordination of interesting and intelligible online sites - for children created by children. In this way, reading and writing become part of a dynamic useful communication context. The development process and information structure for this project are discussed.
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Toffano, Zeno, and François Dubois. "Adapting Logic to Physics: The Quantum-Like Eigenlogic Program." Entropy 22, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22020139.
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Considering links between logic and physics is important because of the fast development of quantum information technologies in our everyday life. This paper discusses a new method in logic inspired from quantum theory using operators, named Eigenlogic. It expresses logical propositions using linear algebra. Logical functions are represented by operators and logical truth tables correspond to the eigenvalue structure. It extends the possibilities of classical logic by changing the semantics from the Boolean binary alphabet { 0 , 1 } using projection operators to the binary alphabet { + 1 , − 1 } employing reversible involution operators. Also, many-valued logical operators are synthesized, for whatever alphabet, using operator methods based on Lagrange interpolation and on the Cayley–Hamilton theorem. Considering a superposition of logical input states one gets a fuzzy logic representation where the fuzzy membership function is the quantum probability given by the Born rule. Historical parallels from Boole, Post, Poincaré and Combinatory Logic are presented in relation to probability theory, non-commutative quaternion algebra and Turing machines. An extension to first order logic is proposed inspired by Grover’s algorithm. Eigenlogic is essentially a logic of operators and its truth-table logical semantics is provided by the eigenvalue structure which is shown to be related to the universality of logical quantum gates, a fundamental role being played by non-commutativity and entanglement.
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Braun, Almut. "IPAtranscriptor: A Python program for narrow phonetic transcription for blind and sighted linguists." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 50, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100318000233.
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IPAtranscriptor is a tool for creating narrow phonetic transcriptions. As it connects to the computer's default text-to-speech engine on demand, the program can be used not only by sighted but also by partially sighted and blind individuals. Sighted users can choose whether they prefer the mouse or the keyboard as their input device. In contrast to other programs, the full set of symbols and diacritics of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is implemented and users can produce very narrow phonetic transcriptions as they can insert up to three diacritics above and three diacritics below each IPA symbol to modify it. Furthermore, the program can facilitate the collaboration between blind and sighted phoneticians (or students of linguistics in general) since they can easily exchange their phonetic transcriptions. A conversion of the transcriptions is not necessary as all transcribers can use the same system regardless of their visual abilities. IPAtranscriptor is freely available online and is believed to be the first audio-based program for narrow phonetic transcription that can be used by blind and sighted phoneticians.
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Chockler, Hana, Pascal Kesseli, Daniel Kroening, and Ofer Strichman. "Learning the Language of Software Errors." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 67 (April 23, 2020): 881–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11798.
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We propose to use algorithms for learning deterministic finite automata (DFA), such as Angluin’s L* algorithm, for learning a DFA that describes the possible scenarios under which a given program error occurs. The alphabet of this automaton is given by the user (for instance, a subset of the function call sites or branches), and hence the automaton describes a user-defined abstraction of those scenarios. More generally, the same technique can be used for visualising the behavior of a program or parts thereof. It can also be used for visually comparing different versions of a program (by presenting an automaton for the behavior in the symmetric difference between them), and for assisting in merging several development branches. We present experiments that demonstrate the power of an abstract visual representation of errors and of program segments, accessible via the project’s web page. In addition, our experiments in this paper demonstrate that such automata can be learned efficiently over real-world programs. We also present lazy learning, which is a method for reducing the number of membership queries while using L*, and demonstrate its effectiveness on standard benchmarks.
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Aslan, Erdal, and Oguz Serin. "Transformation in Primary School Sciences Education in the Transition Process from the Empire to the Republic: Science Education in 1924 Primary School Curriculum." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 587–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i3.4601.
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Education and training in the first year of the Republic had been kept as it was in the period of Empire with its former structure and content. The educational system and programs could be designed after the “Canon for the Unity of Education and Training” in 1924. The first curriculums of the primary and secondary schools have formed by modification on the latest programs of primary and secondary schools of the Ottoman Empire. The object of the research is to determine what kind of transformation has become on the “science education for primary schools” For this purpose, both the last curriculum program for “Mekatib-i İbtidaiyye” (The primary schools in Ottoman Empire)and the latest curriculum program for “İlk Mektepler” (Primary Schools in the Republic of Turkey) are examined by comparison. It is proved that “science education in primary education” had gone into a transformation after commenting on the findings obtained from the comparison of the programs and assessments in the publications on the history of education. The curriculum for “science education” in the first program which was approved by the Republic of Turkey is given by transliteration to the Latin alphabet The study has a feature that has important contribution for the future researches on “science education” in the Era of the Empire and The Era of the Republic with this aspect.
Keywords: Science Education in Primary Schools, Science Education in the Ottoman Empire, the First Science Curriculum of the Republic, History of the Turkish Education.
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Iskandar, Dadang Mulyana, Mesra Betty Yel, and Aldi Sitohang. "Detection of The Deaf Signal Language Using The Single Shot Detection (SSD) Method." Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) 4, no. 1 (October 3, 2022): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v4i1.966.
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Sign Language is a language that prioritizes manual communication, body language, and lip movements, instead of sound, to communicate. Deaf people are the main group who use this language, usually by combining hand shape, orientation and movement of the hands, arms, and body, and facial expressions to express their thoughts. Therefore, the researcher created an image recognition program in sign language using the Single Shot Detection (SSD) method, which is a convolution activity by combining several layers of preparation, by utilizing several components that move together and are motivated by a biological sensory system. The letters used in making sign language programs use the letters of the alphabet (az). This sign language detection programming that runs on the Google Collaboratory application
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Loeb, Diane Frome, Katherine Redbird, and Grace E. McConnell. "A Language and Literacy Program for Indigenous Kindergartners: Preliminary Findings." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 18, no. 2 (July 2011): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds18.2.42.
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Nine Indigenous kindergarteners displayed gains in targeted expressive vocabulary, narrative comprehension, alphabet identification, phonological awareness, and comprehension of passage reading following a 6-week shared reading program using storybooks about Indigenous children and their adventures. Cultural values and beliefs guided the selection of the storybooks and the content of the supplemental language and literacy activities. This classroom program may be a viable way to provide culturally relevant Response to Intervention (RTI) for Indigenous children who are at risk for language and reading difficulties.
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Orazbaeva, F., and М. Imankulova. "THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STUDY OF THE LATIN ALPHABET." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.58.
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This article examines the effectiveness of studying the Latin alphabet based on the Kazakh script using information and communication technologies, which is recognized as relevant today. The term communication and the content of information and communication technologies, their functions, types of application, general directions of the educational process were emphasized. It also presents the issues of the transition to the Latin alphabet in Kazakhstan, methods of teaching the Latin alphabet, communicative features of teaching Latin script and the role of dialogue in teaching it using ICT. The types of skills that are formed in students according to the peculiarities of the Latin alphabet based on the Kazakh script were analyzed using information and communication technologies, which is relevant today. The asynchronous and synchronous teaching method was considered, the infinite Miro.com board, edpuzzle.com task system, Google Drive repository, Coreapp.ai lesson and task system, Kahoot.com test type, obs.studio and other computer programs were analyzed. The functions of innovative educational platforms and the effectiveness of teaching the Latin alphabet based on the Kazakh writing in ICT are analyzed.
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Yanti, Fitri, and Jaka Sutresna. "Alphabet Recognition with Augmented Reality Technology Based on Android Using Extreme Programming Model." JUITA: Jurnal Informatika 10, no. 1 (May 27, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/juita.v10i1.12125.
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Lack of literacy or interest in reading is the cause of children having difficulty recognizing the letters of the alphabet and assembling them into words or sentences because the letters are similar. Early childhood students have difficulty learning letters because there are too many letters of the alphabet that must be memorized, the number of letters of the alphabet there are 26 letters that must be memorized. In addition, early childhood students complain that reading is very difficult to pronounce because the way the teacher conveys reading techniques for students is difficult to understand so that it is boring for early childhood students. This makes it difficult for young children to pronounce letters. In software development using Extreme Programming (XP) where writing programs in pairs, two programming people work together to write programs. Currently, computer vision technology has been used in various industries, including trade, medicine, education, and so on. Augmented reality is one of the computer vision technologies. The technology of computer vision is to combine synthetic images into the real world or vice versa. By making an android application with an extreme programming method that utilizes Augmented Reality technology that can display 3D, animation, and sound so that it looks real, it makes early childhood interested and makes it easier for them to learn the letters of the alphabet.
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Mahardika, Jevi, Sri E. Tabiati, and Hamamah Hamamah. "Rhetorical Moves in Research Article Introductions of Students of Linguistics Master Program." e-Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/e-jl.2020.v14.i01.p14.
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This research investigated the rhetorical moves in the introduction part to the research article written by graduate students in Linguistics master's study programs. The primary purpose of this research is to describe the pattern of rhetorical moves in the research article introductions in the field of Linguistics. The data collection technique was in the form of scientific article documentation consisting of seven research article introductions in English in the field of Linguistics. Researchers collected data in the form of text with document analysis and note-taking techniques. These research articles were taken from four different journal publishers in Indonesia, namely Alphabet, Kelasa, Batra, and Suar Betang. The rhetorical analysis in this study involves the concept of the Project Justifying Model (PJM) proposed by Safnil (2010), which consists of four communicative moves that can describe the rhetorical moves of Indonesian writers. The validity of the data in this rhetorical pattern study used the triangulation of sources or data. The results of this study indicate that the seven introductions have different rhetorical moves. The four research article introductions taken from the Alphabet produced fewer rhetorical steps compared to the other three research articles. The most dominant signal found in the seven research article introductions is (move 4, step A) represents a statement in explaining the purpose of the study. The seven research article introductions found no statements that represented the five steps contained in each move.
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Paramita, Diah Ayu, Agrissto Bintang Aji Pradana, and Putri Meinita Triana. "Peningkatan ketrampilan membaca permulaan menggunakan picture and picture berbantuan media alphabet spinner." Borobudur Educational Review 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2023): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/bedr.7662.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Kooperatif Picture and Picture berbantuan media Alphabet Spinner terhadap keterampilan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Pre-Experimental Design, dengan model One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 21 siswa yang dijadikan sebagai kelas eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode tes unjuk kerja. Tes unjuk kerja ini digunakan untuk mengukur sejauh mana siswa dalam keterampilan membaca permulaan sebelum dan sesudah diberi perlakuan. Adapun analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Paired Sampel T-Test dengan program SPSS Versi 25.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Kooperatif Picture and Picture berbantuan media Alphabet Spinner berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan membaca permulaan. Hal tersebut didukung dengan adanya uji hipotesis yang dilakukan dengan uji Paired Sampel T- Test diperoleh Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 (0,000<0,005). Hasil dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Picture and Picture berbantuan Media Alphabet Spinner berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan membaca permulaan.
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Lutfiani, Ninda, Untung Rahardja, and Ita Sari Perbina Manik. "Peran Inkubator Bisnis dalam Membangun Startup pada Perguruan Tinggi." Jurnal Penelitan Ekonomi dan Bisnis 5, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/jpeb.v5i1.2727.
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Startups are sufficiently developed in Indonesia to become a trend in business incubators that include college or university students. This is due to the incubation concept and program offered to prospective entrepreneurs who have potential ideas in business. Thus, research was conducted to determine the role of business incubators in building startups in universities. But there are obstacles in developing startups, limited technology, leadership and management. The study was conducted at the Alphabet Incubator of Raharja University with a qualitative approach. The research method used is the method of observation and literature review by collecting data that aims to simplify the process. It can be seen how the government encourages business incubators in developing startups and introducing business through technology. The research objective is to increase innovation or creativity in developing successful new startups in higher education. Seen from students utilizing the facilities at the Alphabet Incubator to develop small businesses in the digital industry to increase workforce.Keywords: Business Incubator; Startup; Innovation or CreativityStartup cukup berkembang di Indonesia sehingga menjadi trend dalam inkubator bisnis yang mencakup mahasiswa atau mahasiswi di perguruan tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan konsep dan program inkubasi yang ditawarkan kepada calon wirausaha yang mempunyai ide potensial dalam bisnis. Sehingga penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran inkubator bisnis dalam membangun startup pada perguruan tinggi. Namun terdapat kendala dalam mengembangkan startup, terbatasnya teknologi, kepemimpinan dan manajemen. Penelitian dilakukan di Alphabet Incubator Universitas Raharja dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode observasi dan literature review dengan mengumpulkan data yang bertujuan untuk mempermudah proses pengerjaannya. Dapat dilihat bagaimana pemerintah mendorong inkubator bisnis dalam mengembangkan startup dan mengenalkan bisnis melalui teknologi. Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan inovasi atau kreativitas dalam mengembangkan startup baru yang sukses di perguruan tinggi. Terlihat dari mahasiswa memanfaatkan fasilitas di Alphabet Incubator untuk mengembangkan usaha kecil dalam industri digital untuk peningkatan tenaga kerja.Kata Kunci: Inkubator Bisnis; Startup; Inovasi atau Kreativitas
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Buna-Marginean, Alex, Vincent Cheval, Mahsa Shirmohammadi, and James Worrell. "On Learning Polynomial Recursive Programs." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 8, POPL (January 5, 2024): 1001–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3632876.
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We introduce the class of P-finite automata. These are a generalisation of weighted automata, in which the weights of transitions can depend polynomially on the length of the input word. P-finite automata can also be viewed as simple tail-recursive programs in which the arguments of recursive calls can non-linearly refer to a variable that counts the number of recursive calls. The nomenclature is motivated by the fact that over a unary alphabet P-finite automata compute so-called P-finite sequences, that is, sequences that satisfy a linear recurrence with polynomial coefficients. Our main result shows that P-finite automata can be learned in polynomial time in Angluin's MAT exact learning model. This generalises the classical results that deterministic finite automata and weighted automata over a field are respectively polynomial-time learnable in the MAT model.
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Глибовець, Андрій Миколайович, and Микола Олексійович Бікчентаєв. "Recognizing gestures of the ukrainian dactylic alphabet." International Scientific Technical Journal "Problems of Control and Informatics" 68, no. 3 (July 24, 2023): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/1028-0979-2023-3-9.
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Sign language is a visual way of communicating used by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. It involves handshapes, facial expressions, and body movements to convey meaning. Sign language helps the deaf community interact with each other and the hearing world, allowing them to participate fully in society. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) over 5 % of the world’s population – or 430 million people — experience problems with hearing. More than 44,000 people with hearing impairments are registered with the Ukrainian Society of the Deaf, an all-Ukrainian public organization for the disabled. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop new software, available to the public, that would allow quickly and effectively learn and understand sign language. This work aims to review gesture recognition techniques and develop a system for detecting and classifying gestures of the Ukrainian dactylic alphabet. Two main approaches to gesture recognition, glove-based and computer vision-based (CV), are explained, with the latter being preferred due to its flexibility and widespread usage. The text elaborates on deep learning-based approaches, particularly LSTM networks, and the advantages they offer in automatically learning features from raw image data. The process of creating a dataset for training the gesture classification model is described, which involves recording videos of hand gestures and extracting keypoints using Google MediaPipe. The model training phase is detailed, covering the architecture of the LSTM-based classifier, optimization algorithms, and loss functions. The resulting model achieves an accuracy of 98.4% on the test dataset. A program for real-time gesture recognition is developed using Python and relevant libraries. The program utilizes a webcam feed to detect and classify hand gestures, displaying the top three predicted letters of the Ukrainian dactylic alphabet. The scientific novelty of the obtained results: the paper presents a method that utilizes hand keypoints for recognizing hand gestures of the Ukrainian dactyl alphabet. Also, as part of the development of the gesture recognition system, a data set was collected, where each gesture corresponds to 50 videos of 65 frames. The practical significance of the results obtained: the model obtained as a result of the study can be used to interpret the gestures of the Ukrainian dactylic alphabet. The dataset collected for training this model can be used in other works to train or validate similar models. The paper might be of use to the ones who are interested in developing similar systems for gesture recognition.
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Abidah, Zakiyatul, Nashihin Nashihin, Kholbu As-Shafah Q. P., Kholifatun Nisa’, and Muhammad Farihishobah. "Pembuatan Media Belajar Berupa Alat Peraga untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa di Sekolah Dasar Negri Sukosari dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sukosari Mantup Lamongan." Keris: Journal of Community Engagement 3, no. 1 (June 19, 2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55352/keris.v3i1.479.
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SDN Sukosari and MI Tarbiyatul Ulum which are located in Sukosari Village, Mantup District, Lamongan Regency, where the majority of students who are still occupying the first grade are still weak in recognizing the letters of the alphabet and numbers. Thus, it is hoped that the creation of learning media in the form of praga tools can help students recognize the letters of the alphabet and numbers, moreover they will be able to read and understand more about subtraction and addition faster. This mentoring activity was carried out in Sukosari Village, Mantup District, Lamongan Regency, in less than one month starting on 03 August-27 August 2022. The objects targeted for the implementation of this program are formal educational institutions, namely SDN 1 Sukosari and MI Tarbiyatul Ulum sukosari. making learning media praga tools in the form of pictures that are used to help students to more easily understand the learning delivered. The implementation of this program is carried out on students in grades one and two for the MI Tarbiyatul Ulum institution, and grades one and six for SDN 1 Sukosari
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Meng, Guang Li, Xu Hong Yang, and Dong Xia Li. "Textile Pattern Design Based on IFS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 251 (December 2012): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.251.239.
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In this paper, we studied the method of calculating IFS code and auto-generated the fractal images based on IFS codes. The IFS codes of the English alphabet were calculated respectively, and the fractal images were generated in accordance with the IFS codes by using the Visual Basic program, then textile patterns were designed with the fractal images.
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Moyle, Maura Jones, and S. Sue Berman. "Speech-Language Pathologists Collaborating With Head Start To Improve Children’s Early Language and Literacy Skills: Efficacy and Intensity Effects." Perspectives on Language Learning and Education 18, no. 2 (July 2011): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/lle18.2.53.
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The current study examined the efficacy of a speech-language pathologist–designed and implemented emergent literacy program for Head Start preschoolers and the influence of intensity of intervention on children’s gains. Results indicated that children who participated in the intervention program exhibited greater gains than the control group on oral language, phonological awareness, and alphabet/print knowledge. Children who received a higher dosage of intervention made greater gains on vocabulary and oral language compared to the lower intensity group. Speech-language pathologists may be valuable collaborators in promoting emergent literacy skills in at-risk children.
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Yuzeev, A. N. "‘ALPHABET OF ISLAM’ AS A SOURCE CONTAINING M. BIGI’S LIBERAL THEOLOGICAL VIEWS." Islam in the modern world 15, no. 1 (April 6, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22311/2074-1529-2019-15-1-25-32.
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The book ‘The Alphabet of Islam’ of the Tatar thinker M. Bigi. (1875–1949) was published in Berlin in 1923. It criticizes Marxism and reveals liberal-theological views of M. Bigi. ‘The alphabet of Islam’ is his program work on all the pressing problems of his time. He wrote about which should be the policy of the Russian state towards Islam, the need to renew the canons of Islam to improve the ‘deplorable’ situation of both Russian and foreign Muslims. Bigi criticized the Bolshevik regime in Russia and opposed his ideal in the form of a Caliphate, advocating for the preservation of the Ottoman Caliphate, hoping that in this way the Tatar people will be able to survive as a nation.
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Lavoie, Natalie, Marie-France Morin, Mélissa Coallier, and Denis Alamargot. "An explicit multicomponent alphabet writing instruction program in grade 1 to improve writing skills." European Journal of Psychology of Education 35, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 333–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10212-019-00428-6.
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Sharipbay, Altynbek. "The Kazakh Language Requires Reform of its Writing." IgMin Research 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2024): 073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.61927/igmin148.
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The article provides information about modern problems of writing the Kazakh language, the importance of its role and development in the context of mass digitization using artificial intelligence technologies and computational linguistics methods. The incorrectness of the current alphabet of the Kazakh language based on the Cyrillic alphabet is proved in connection with the inclusion of Cyrillic letters in it, denoting phonemes that are not included in its sound structure. The necessity of reforming the Kazakh writing by replacing the incorrect alphabet is substantiated. Errors and contradictions are shown in the approved version of the Kazakh alphabet based on the Latin alphabet, as well as the alphabet proposed as a replacement for the approved one, in which some previous errors are repeated. In both cases, no analysis and clarification of the sound system of the Kazakh language, which is the basis of any alphabet, is carried out. In this study, to clarify the sound system of the Kazakh language, experiments were carried out to determine the articulation and acoustic features of Kazakh sounds with the help the computer programs used for many natural languages. In the articulation analysis, special attention was paid to vowels, which give rise to various contradictions in the Kazakh letter. It is proposed to use a new classification of vowels according to four binary features, rather than the traditional classification according to three binary features. Acoustic analysis uses the method of formant analysis, which is aimed at identifying certain formants in the spectrogram. The formant is obtained using a spectrograph. Quantitatively, the formants correspond to the maxima in the speech spectrum and usually appear on spectrograms as horizontal bands. After determining the composition and classification of the sound system of the Kazakh language, two variants of the alphabet based on the Latin alphabet are proposed: the first one is based on the Turkish alphabet using diacritical marks; the second is based on the English alphabet using digraphs. The second option offers ways to solve problems that arise when using digraphs. In conclusion, information is provided on the ongoing and ongoing work in Kazakhstan related to the creation of smart systems in the Kazakh language based on the methods and technologies of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics, the results of which are reflected in the list of sources.
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Kapalbek, B. S., and A. M. Kenzhekozhaev. "Akhmet Baitursynov's principles of primary school education." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Pedagogy series 104, no. 4 (December 29, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ped4/30-36.
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The article analyzes the position of the teacher of the nation, Akhmet Baitursynov, in primary school education. In the article «Еlementary school» by Akhmet Baitursynov the conclusions and principles were outlined, the concept of the alphabet and the subjects were studied at the initial stage, and were compared with the system of knowledge, provided by the updated program at the modern initial stage. The features and contradictions of the native language and the alphabet were analyzed in Baitursynov’s work. It was indicated that textbooks published before the thirties were developed in accordance with the nature of the language. Akhmet Baitursynov himself taught at the school for fourteen years, on the basis of this experience he wrote a textbook of the alphabet. He was a great reformer who not only enlightened the people, but also created knowledge about what needs to be learned. By this time, forty different alphabets had been published. The «Alphabet» of Akhmet is being used these days. The Kazakh school lost its way a little, dropped the «Alippe» («Alphabet») and «Ana tili» («Mother tongue»), and released the subject «Sauat ashu» (Literacy) (textbook) as part of the updated program. In the first year of school, one needs to learn his native language. The modern native language is a real integrated subject, which in the second grade is divided into literary reading and the Kazakh language. It is wrong to teach it in the second half of the first grade with the Kazakh language of instruction. Today, there are many unnecessary subjects in the first class (self-knowledge, knowledge of the world, natural science, English, Russian). We prove that we integrate the subjects that give the child a real functional education (ABC + native language + Kazakh). The importance of conducting disciplines at the origins only in the Kazakh language is proved. The quality of transmitted functional knowledge in primary subjects in modern schools is analyzed. The ideas of his contemporaries and other scientists about Akhmet Baitursynov are taken as a basis, the viability and suitability of textbooks and methodological manuals published by scientists to the modern education system is proved. It is shown that Akhmet Baitursynov brilliantly analyzed the then situation in the Kazakh steppe, the two systems of education in it, their benefits and harms. Unlike Russian schools, its everyday problems and the fact that the knowledge gained from it in modern language is not functional can be compared with today's.
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Kurniawan, Agung Budi, and Sri Wulandari. "Pelatihan Membaca Alphabet Bahasa Inggris pada Siswa Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar." To Maega : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 7, no. 2 (May 10, 2024): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v7i2.2686.
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Keterampilan dasar berbicara bahasa Inggris perlu selalu dimonitor dan ditingkatkan dari segi kualitas dan kuantitasi kepada siswa tingkat SD karena merupakan tahap dibentuknya acquisition atau pondasi berbahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat pada artikel ini ditujukan sebagai upaya membantu memperbaiki kemampuan pelafalan alphabet dan phoneme bahasa Inggris siswa kelas 1 SDN 3 Karangharjo, kabupaten Grobogan, provinsi Jawa Tengah pada semester ganjil 2023-2024..Kegiatan dijalankan dengan dua kegiatan inti yaitu pengajaran dan latihan pelafalan alphabet dan phoneme bahasa Inggris, dan pelafalan sejumlah kosa kata sederhana bahasa Inggris dengan pengunaan ilustrasi objectnya. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan adalah adanya perbaikan pada pelafalan 26 alphabet bahasa Inggris dan phoneme yang paling sering digunakan dalam percakapan, serta prakteknya dalam pengucapan kosa kata sederhana bahasa Inggris. Penulis juga menyajikan satu prtotype kegiatan sejenis yang dapat dikembangkan oleh pelaksana di masa depan. Kesimpulan utama adalah keberhasilan kegiatan pengabdian perbaikan keterampilan dasar lisan bahasa Inggris dipengaruhi oleh metode, media, instrument, dan kesesuaian program dengan level usia dan karakter siswa. Penggunaan kombinasi dua atau tiga metode dan kombinasi media disarankan digunakan untuk kegiatan pengabdian bahasa Inggris secara lisan secara tatap muka kepada siswa usia dini khususnya level SD.
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WANG, FARN. "INDUCTIVE COMPOSITION OF NUMBERS WITH MAXIMUM, MINIMUM, AND ADDITION: A New Theory for Program Execution-Time Analysis." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 15, no. 06 (December 2004): 865–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054104002790.
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We extend the classic work of R.J. Parikh on context-free languages with operators min and max on unary alphabet. The new theory is called CAN (Compositional Algebra of Numbers) and can be used to model software processes that can be concatenated, concurrently executed, and recursively invoked. We propose and analyze an algorithm which constructs the execution time sets of a CAN in semilinear form. Finally, we consider several interesting variations of CAN whose execution time sets can be constructed with algorithms.
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Ningrum, Nora Fatmawati, Nurlita Nurlita, and Defni Satria. "Pengaruh Media Alphabet Fishing Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di TK Mawar Putih Kecamatan Singingi Hilir Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi." Journal on Education 6, no. 1 (June 6, 2023): 2254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.3104.
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The ability to read is one of the most important aspects of language, the introduction of reading skills needs to be stimulated in children from an early age, stimulating children's reading abilities from an early age can help children to recognize letters, add new vocabulary and most importantly can make it easier for children to learn. The Alphabet Fishing game can be a simple game designed to help children aged 5-6 years recognize letters. This study aims to determine the effect of Alphabet Fishing media on the reading ability of children aged 5-6 years at Mawar Putih Kindergarten, Singingi Hilirr District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. The type of research used was experimental, using a pre-experimental research design model of one group pretest posttest design, namely research conducted in one group. The data analysis technique used in this study used a t-test using the SPSS Windows Version 25 program. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant effect of using Alphabet Fishing media on the reading ability of children aged 5-6 years in Mawar Putih Kindergarten, Singingi Hilir District. Kuantan Singingi, comparison of the results of the ability test of children before and after the implementation of the experiment by giving treatment in the form of Alphabet Fishing media. The magnitude of the effect is equal to 75,7%, and based on the Normalized Gain assessment criteria it is in the high category.
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Munawwaroh, Anita, Erfitra Rezqi Prasmala, Titik Wijayanti, and Latifatul Izza. "PENINGKATAN MINAT BELAJAR MEMBACA KELOMPOK B TK MUSLIMAT NU AL-HIDAYAH KUDIKAN LAMONGAN." PAMBUDI 6, no. 02 (December 20, 2022): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/pambudi.v6i02.2548.
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Interest in learning to read in class B at Muslimat NU Al-Hidayah Kindergarten because the teacher is not optimal in applying the learning method to read according to the rules, besides that the child's desire to read in activities in kindergarten often experiences this difficulty due to the ability and ability of children to understand one another. others are different, this is because children are not yet able to master vocabulary and letters of the alphabet. This service activity was carried out at the Muslimat NU Al-Hidayah Kudikan Lamongan Kindergarten. The work program that has been prepared in these activities is more focused on mentoring programs (in the form of group B reading learning assistance). Implementation of Activities Children who learn to gain new knowledge, and can apply what is explained or taught by students who carry out community service activities at the PAUD Al-Hidayah Kudikan Lamongan building. As for the results they got, namely teachers could practice reading learning methods and media that were interesting and could be practiced at school or at home, so as to increase interest in reading Muslimat NU Al-Hidayah Kudikan Lamongan Kindergarten students.
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Kramosil, Ivan. "On Pseudo-Random Sequences over Finite Automata." Fundamenta Informaticae 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1985-8104.
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It is a well-known fact that binary sequences (strings) of high algorithmic complexity can be taken as good approximations of statistically independent random sequences with two equiprobable outputs. Here “sequence of high algorithmic complexity” is such one, that the length of the shortest program generating this sequence by a universal Turing machine differs only by an a priori given constant from the length of the generated sequence. The present paper generalizes this result to the case of a finite (not necessarily binary) alphabet. Considering an infinite sequence of finite sequences of high algorithmic complexity over a finite alphabet, the relative frequency of occurences of each letter or finite string of letters is proved to tend to the inverted value of the total number of letters, or strings of letters of the given length, in question. This result may be seen as an analogy to the strong law of large numbers in the case of equiprobable probability distribution.
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Hagan-Burke, Shanna, Oi-man Kwok, Yuanyuan Zou, Caitlin Johnson, Deborah Simmons, and Michael D. Coyne. "An Examination of Problem Behaviors and Reading Outcomes in Kindergarten Students." Journal of Special Education 45, no. 3 (January 29, 2010): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022466909359425.
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This study examined the influences of problem behaviors on kindergarten reading outcomes and investigated the extent to which explicit, code-based reading instruction moderated those relations among 206 children identified as being at risk of reading difficulty. Children from the classrooms of 57 kindergarten teachers in 12 schools were randomly assigned to an early reading intervention program or school-determined comparison intervention. In both conditions, children received 30 minutes of small-group supplementary reading instruction for 21 weeks. Findings from multilevel modeling revealed many associations between problem behaviors and reading outcomes for children in both conditions. Interaction analyses indicated that explicit, code-based reading intervention moderated the negative impact of externalizing problem behavior on end-of-kindergarten measures of alphabet knowledge, phonemic blending, and word reading. This type of intensive systematic reading instruction also moderated the influence of hyperactivity on children’s alphabet knowledge and phonemic blending. There were no moderator effects for internalizing problem behavior.
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Bist, Ankur Singh. "The Importance of Building a Digital Business Startup in College." Startupreneur Business Digital (SABDA Journal) 2, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/sabda.v2i1.265.
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Indonesia has enough established startups for them to become popular in business incubators that accept college or university students. This is because aspiring entrepreneurs who have business ideas are given access to the incubation concept and program. As a result, study was done to find out how business incubators help colleges create firms. However, there are barriers to developing businesses, including limited technology, management, and leadership. A qualitative methodology was used to carry out the study at Raharja University's Alphabet Incubator. Utilizing an observational research approach and a literature review to gather data with the goal of streamlining the procedure, It is clear that the government supports business incubators in creating startups and utilizing technology to expand businesses. The goal of the research is to boost creativity or innovation in creating successful new companies in higher education. seen from students making use of the Alphabet Incubator's resources to create small enterprises in the digital sector and expand the workforce.
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Pavlogiannis, Andreas. "CFL/Dyck Reachability." ACM SIGLOG News 9, no. 4 (October 2022): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3583660.3583664.
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CFL/Dyck reachability is a simple graph-theoretic problem: given a CFL/Dyck language L over an alphabet Σ, a graph G = ( V , E ) of Σ-labeled edges, and two distinguished nodes s , t ∈ V , does there exist a path from s to t that spells out a word in L ? This simple notion of language-based graph reachability serves as the algorithmic formulation of a large number of problems in diverse domains, such as graph databases and program static analysis. This paper takes an algorithmic perspective on CFL/Dyck reachability, and overviews several recent advances concerning the decidability and complexity of the problem and some its close variants, as realized in the areas of automata theory and program verification.
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Ong, Veronica, and Derwin Suhartono. "Using K-Nearest Neighbor in Optical Character Recognition." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v7i1.2223.
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The growth in computer vision technology has aided society with various kinds of tasks. One of these tasks is the ability of recognizing text contained in an image, or usually referred to as Optical Character Recognition (OCR). There are many kinds of algorithms that can be implemented into an OCR. The K-Nearest Neighbor is one such algorithm. This research aims to find out the process behind the OCR mechanism by using K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm; one of the most influential machine learning algorithms. It also aims to find out how precise the algorithm is in an OCR program. To do that, a simple OCR program to classify alphabets of capital letters is made to produce and compare real results. The result of this research yielded a maximum of 76.9% accuracy with 200 training samples per alphabet. A set of reasons are also given as to why the program is able to reach said level of accuracy.
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Rhoad-Drogalis, Anna, and Laura M. Justice. "Is the Proportion of Children With Disabilities in Inclusive Preschool Programs Associated With Children’s Achievement?" Journal of Early Intervention 42, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053815119873100.
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This study applied multilevel modeling to examine the relationship between the percentage of children with mild/moderate disabilities in classrooms and children’s language and literacy achievement over an academic year. The sample included 516 preschool children (mean age = 52.3 months, SD = 6.3) in 75 classrooms; 42% of the children had disabilities. The proportion of children with disabilities in a given classroom ranged from 7% to 92%. We found that the percentage of children with disabilities was not related to children’s spring achievement for three outcomes: language, print-concept knowledge, and alphabet knowledge. These findings and further research directions are discussed.
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Martyanov, Vladimir. "Set-Theoretical Data Models in the Problem of Calculating Secondary Structures of RNA." System Analysis & Mathematical Modeling 4, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2713-1734.2022.4(4).343-357.
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The tasks of counting the secondary structures of nucleotide sequences are a special case of combinatorial problems of high complexity (NP-problems) that can be solved by logic-heuristic methods. In addition, it is possible to use special software programs to solve the calculation of secondary structures of RNA nucleotide sequences for phylogenetic analysis (recovery of all mutations from an ancestor to the next one). In this paper, we propose more general means of data presentation and more powerful algorithms for calculating the secondary structures of RNA nucleotide sequences than in previous works of the author. In addition, we note that the software has great flexibility to solve problems of phylogenetic analysis. Computational experiments, the results of which are presented in this work, were carried out on the primary data taken from the website www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. In addition, data were also taken from the GenBank (USA) and EMBL (Europe) nucleotide sequence banks. The adaptation of the developed methods for calculating secondary structures was first carried out by searching for the full range of perfect repeats in genetic texts (the genomes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BA0000040_GR), Streptomyces avermitilis (BA0000030_GR)). As a result, a program was created that is customizable in many ways, including working in the alphabet, with extended consensus symbols (for more details, see the introduction).
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Burkinshaw, Breeanna, Alex Hamilton, and Sharmin M. Sikich. "Using a Java Based Program to Produce Reduced Amino Acid Alphabet Versions of Query Sequences and Databases." International Journal on Bioinformatics & Biosciences 7, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijbb.2017.7401.
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BashatWah, Mohamed O., and Wael M. Alshurman. "The Effectiveness of a Training Program in Enhancing the Alphabet Pronunciation of Children with Academic Learning Disabilities." Journal of Educational & Psychological Sciences 18, no. 02 (June 1, 2017): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/jeps/180204.
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Baso, Yusring Sanusi. "MODEL APLIKASI AKSARA LONTARA BERBASIS HTML SEBAGAI SALAH SATU SOLUSI PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA DAERAH." Jurnal KATA 2, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jk.v2i1.2426.
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<p><em>The aim of this article is to show a prototype of Lontara’s alphabet characters (character fonts used by the Bugis-Makassar in South Sulawesi). This application of Lontara alphabet can be used either on windows operating system or internet hypertext. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R & D). The researcher used three stages. First; conducted a need analysis to look at the gap between what is expected with and what happened over the use of Lontara’s applications based on windows operating system. The gap of this study is to look for the difference between what should happen with the real reality. Second; developed and designed of applications based hypertext for lontara alphabet in accordance with the results of the needs analysis in the first stage. Third, the author will validate and test this aplication through test one-on-one, test in a small and large group. The product fo this research is an application can be used in communicating via e-mail, social media, and other hypertext platform. The other product is a book that explains Lontara’s application and its integration with other applications to create interactive files, for example with hot potatoes program.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan prototype aplikasi aksara Lontara (karakter huruf Bahasa daerah Bugis-Makassar di Sulawesi Selatan). Aplikasi aksara ini dapat dijalankan pada system operasi window dan platform hyperstext. Metode Research and Development (R&D) dipilih digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian R & D ini, tiga tahapan dilakukan peneliti, yaitu 1) melakukan analisis kebutuhan untuk mengenalipemertahanan bahasa Bugis-Makassar yang terjadi di lapangan dan bagaimana melakukan usaha pemertahanan Bahasa daerah, 2) merancang dan membuat aplikasi aksara Lontara berbasis hypertext, dan 3) melakukan validasi atas aplikasi hypertext tersebut dengan uji satu-satu, uji kelompok kecil dan uji kelompok besar. Produk dari penelitian ini berupa aplikasi aksara Lontara berbasis hypertext yang dapat digunakan berkomunikasi baik melalui email atau media social facebook. Aplikasi ini juga dapat diintegrasikan dengan berbagai aplikasi interaktif lainnya berbasis atau berplatform berbasis html lainnya, misalnya program Hot Potatoes.</p>
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Almistareehi, Hussien H., and Nashwan A. Nashwan. "The Impact of a Digital Educational Story Based on Sports on Developing Alphabetical Learning Skills among Jordanian Pre-School Kids in Light of the Covid-19 Pandemic." Modern Applied Science 15, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n2p96.
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This study aimed to identify the impact of a digital educational story based on sports on developing alphabetical learning skills among Jordanian pre-school kids in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study sample consisted of (29) pre-school kids from the leaders' international schools, "The International Curriculum," which is affiliated to Al-Qweismeh District's Directorate in Amman. The study used an Experimental approach; the study sample chosen by intention randomly was divided into two groups: experimental group (14) kids: (7) girls and (7) boys, and control group (15) kids: (7) are boys, and (8) are girls. To achieve the study's goal, the researchers built a guide for the teacher to implement the experiment; they also built a pre-and post-test consisting of (16) items and provided the Arabic language teacher with digital educational stories based on sport learning the alphabet. The stories include the alphabet lessons: (letter al-ba, letter al-da, letter al-ha, letter al-ain), from the "curriculum in the Arabic language” for the academic year 2020/2021. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of students of the experimental group, which studied the digital educational story in each Alphabet learning skills: Pronunciation, Abstraction, and writing, in the combined skills, and the absence of statistically significant differences attributed to gender, interaction in testing the skills of learning the alphabet together, and in each of the skills of learning the alphabets: (pronunciation, abstraction, writing). In light of the findings mentioned above, the researchers proposed a set of recommendations that include Arabic language curricula guides in digital educational programs based on sports to be used in learning and teaching processes in teaching Arabic.
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Dubinina, Marina. "The diffusion of video conferencing services during the coronavirus pandemic." Herald of CEMI 4, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/s265838870016761-0.
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The article analyzes the state of the world video conferencing market (VCS), including hardware solutions, software and cloud services, the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on this market. The leading Russian and foreign manufacturers of software for video conferencing, tariffs and the number of conference participants are considered. It was analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on the dynamics of the main economic indicators of the world's leading (Zoom, Microsoft, Alphabet, Cisco, RingCentral) and Russian companies (X-Com, HiTech, Webinar), on the operational results of their activities (number of subscribers, number of program downloads, traffic , introduction of videoconferencing systems).
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Bulley, Michael. "Unicode for beginners." English Today 21, no. 2 (April 2005): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078405002087.
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THIS ARTICLE springs from my experiences when I submitted a piece to English Today that contained characters from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). I had used a font containing such characters that came with my word-processing program, and I submitted the article electronically as a file attachment. Unfortunately, the characters did not arrive in the same form as they had left, owing to incompatibility between the two computer systems, and so there were parts of the article that did not make much sense. The editor graciously reprinted it in its correct form in the following issue (ET80).
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Harjoseputro, Yulius, Yonathan Dri Handarkho, and Heronimus Tresy Renata Adie. "The Javanese Letters Classifier with Mobile Client-Server Architecture and Convolution Neural Network Method." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 13, no. 12 (December 18, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i12.11492.
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<p class="0abstract">the rapid development of mobile technologies allows platform devices to perform sophisticated tasks, including character recognition. These identification systems are notable techniques that required high computation cost, in order to achieve acceptable accuracy resulting from diversity in alphabet shape and method of writing, especially for the non-Latin alphabet, e.g., Javanese letter. In addition, numerous studies have attempted to address these issues by employing a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) due to its ability to provide high accuracy in character detection. However, the performance on mobile devices is possibly faced with problems resulting from the limitation of computation resource on the platform that also affect computation cost. This study, therefore, proposes a 2-tier architecture by placing the mobile app as a client that invokes a Javanese letters classifier service, which is based on CNN, and implemented in the web-server through the Application Program Interface (API). The results show that the letter classification was successfully implemented in a mobile platform, with an accuracy rate of 86.68%, utilizing training for 50 epochs, and an average time of 1935 ms.</p>
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Saduakas, N., A. Kushkimbayeva, and M. Mirov. "THE WORKS BY K. ZHUBANOV IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE PARADIGM." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 72, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-7804.28.
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The article analyzes the scientific contribution of Professor K. Zhubanov to the formation and development of the Kazakh language: the conversion of the Kazakh alphabet and spelling rules, the transition of the Kazakh alphabet to Latin, the formation of Kazakh terminology, the compilation of the first Kazakh scientific textbooks, etc. Various aspects of the Kazakh language were considered by the scientist from a scientific point of view. In order to identify and reflect the natural laws of the Kazakh language, K. Zhubanov conducted an in-depth analysis of the grammatical, phonetic and lexical features of Kazakh words, as well as the laws of their historical development. In this article, various scientific works of the Professor, devoted to the issues of Kazakh linguistics, have been studied in detail: "Lecture courses on the Kazakh language", "Textbook on the Kazakh language grammar", "Kazakh language program", "New grammar", "Spelling and grammar rules of the Kazakh language” (Letter to Zhangazy), “From the history of the Slavic language in the Kazakh language”, “Booklet on a book and a folded book”, “Formation of the Kazakh book language”, “The form of the booklet in the Kazakh language”.
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Grigas, Gintautas, and Sigita Pedzevičienė. "Asmenvardžių ir vietovardžių rašybos klaidos pokalbių programų registracijos duomenyse." Informacijos mokslai 42, no. 43 (January 1, 2008): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2008.0.3429.
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Pateikiama vardų, pavardžių ir miestų rašybos klaidų statistika pokalbių sistemos „Skype“ abonentų registracijos duomenyse. Tikrinamos dažniausiai pasitaikančios klaidos – raidžių, nesančių pagrindinėje lotyniškos abėcėlės dalyje, pakeitimas kitomis, į jas panašiomis raidėmis be diakritinių ženklų. Palyginama, kaip šias klaidas daro lietuviai, čekai, danai, estai, islandai, latviai, lenkai, vokiečiai. Tikrinimui buvo imama po šešis kiekvienos kalbos dažniau vartojamus vardus ir po tris kiekvienosvalstybės didžiausių miestų pavadinimus, turinčius raidžių su diakritiniais ženklais. Nustatyta, kad praktiškai klaidų nedaro danai ir vokiečiai, o daugiausia daro lietuviai. Bandoma ieškoti klaidų priežasčių keliant hipotezes, dėl ko tokios klaidos daromos.Spelling errors of names in instant messengers registration datGintautas Grigas, Sigita Pedzevičienė SummaryThe name misspelling statistics in login data of instant messenger Skype is presented. Frequently occured errors of changing letters with diacritic marks by similar letters of English (ASCII) alphabet are investigated in Czech, Danish, Estonian, German, Icelandic, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Polish languages. Six most popular names from every language and three largest city names from every country and containing letters with diacritics are taken into account. It is found that Danishes and Germans write practically without errors, the most errors were made by Lithuanians. The hypotheses about the reasons of errors are presented.
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HAUCOURT, EMMANUEL, and NICOLAS NININ. "Unique decomposition of homogeneous languages and application to isothetic regions." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 29, no. 5 (October 10, 2018): 681–730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129518000294.
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A language is said to be homogeneous when all its words have the same length. Homogeneous languages thus form a monoid under concatenation. It becomes freely commutative under the simultaneous actions of every permutation group on the collection of homogeneous languages of length n ∈ ℕ. One recovers the isothetic regions from (Haucourt 2017, to appear (online since October 2017)) by considering the alphabet of connected subsets of the space |G|, viz the geometric realization of a finite graph G. Factoring the geometric model of a conservative program amounts to parallelize it, and there exists an efficient factoring algorithm for isothetic regions. Yet, from the theoretical point of view, one wishes to go beyond the class of conservative programs, which implies relaxing the finiteness hypothesis on the graph G. Provided that the collections of n-dimensional isothetic regions over G (denoted by |G|) are co-unital distributive lattices, the prime decomposition of isothetic regions is given by an algorithm which is, unfortunately, very inefficient. Nevertheless, if the collections |G| satisfy the stronger property of being Boolean algebras, then the efficient factoring algorithm is available again. We relate the algebraic properties of the collections |G| to the geometric properties of the space |G|. On the way, the algebraic structure |G| is proven to be the universal tensor product, in the category of semilattices with zero, of n copies of the algebraic structure |G|.
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Belishkina, Tat'yana, Tat'yana Konstantinova, Andrey Lykov, Dmitriy Markov, Elena Mikado, and Vadim Sokolov. "Logical Time Formalization of Simulation Models for Railway Automation and Remote Control Systems." Transport automation research 9, no. 4 (December 11, 2023): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2023-9-04-368-376.
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The purpose of the article is to present the results of developing a method for formalizing simulation models of railway automation and remote control systems as queuing systems with a rigidly regulated sequence of using service devices while processing streams of requests of various types. For the software implementation of simulation models with such properties, the GPSS World tool is traditionally used. The logical time formalization is proposed, and the concept of the proposed formalization of simulation models is formulated. Its main provisions include: the type of request is determined solely by the composition and sequence of occupation and release of servicing devices; the use of transaction parameters to organize their multiphase processing for each type of request; checking the value of Boolean functions for each procedure of processing requests for each type; the regulated time in the procedure of processing requests is considered as one of the many logical conditions of Boolean functions; logical and parametric description of the modeled system should be performed at the level of initial data without changing the text of the modeling program. Objects in GPSS World sufficient for implementing this concept have been identified. Using the selected objects, an alphabet has been compiled, and logical diagrams of modeling algorithms have been developed in the obtained alphabet. This serves as a demonstration of the application of the logical time concept for the formalization of simulation models of complex queuing systems. A GPSS program has been developed to confirm the possibility and feasibility of using the proposed method for formalizing simulation models of railway automation systems with a rigid structure.
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Batz, Kevin, Adrian Gallus, Benjamin Lucien Kaminski, Joost-Pieter Katoen, and Tobias Winkler. "Weighted programming: a programming paradigm for specifying mathematical models." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6, OOPSLA1 (December 8, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3527310.
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We study weighted programming, a programming paradigm for specifying mathematical models. More specifically, the weighted programs we investigate are like usual imperative programs with two additional features: (1) nondeterministic branching and (2) weighting execution traces. Weights can be numbers but also other objects like words from an alphabet, polynomials, formal power series, or cardinal numbers. We argue that weighted programming as a paradigm can be used to specify mathematical models beyond probability distributions (as is done in probabilistic programming). We develop weakest-precondition- and weakest-liberal-precondition-style calculi à la Dijkstra for reasoning about mathematical models specified by weighted programs. We present several case studies. For instance, we use weighted programming to model the ski rental problem — an optimization problem. We model not only the optimization problem itself, but also the best deterministic online algorithm for solving this problem as weighted programs. By means of weakest-precondition-style reasoning, we can determine the competitive ratio of the online algorithm on source code level.
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Florentino, Nicole L., Tiffani P. Shelton, Danya Lebell, Lexie Thomas, Jocelyn Caballero, Florence Bouhali, Ioulia Kovelman, Yuuko Uchikoshi Tonkovich, and Fumiko Hoeft. "46 Are Reading Strategies Related to the Orthographic Depth of Languages Acquired Through Bilingual Education?" Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (November 2023): 652–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723008214.
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Objective:This longitudinal study investigates whether reading strategies are influenced by the orthographic depth of languages, specifically Spanish or Cantonese, acquired through enrollment in bilingual immersion programs. Spanish shares an alphabet with English and is considered a phonologically transparent language (Sun et al., 2022). Research has shown that second language learners of Cantonese, an opaque language, performed better on orthographic awareness tasks that involve whole-word visual information processing (Wang and Geva, 2003). We hypothesize that students enrolled in a bilingual immersion program will outperform peers in general education (GENED) on selected reading tasks. More specifically, those in Spanish-immersion programs will perform better on English tasks involving phonological processing; whereas those in Cantonese-immersion programs will perform better on single-word/character processing tasks.Participants and Methods:Participants (n=102) were native English speakers recruited from the San Francisco Unified School District. Our sample included 42 females and 60 males. Thirty-nine identified as White, 33 Mixed Race, 25 Asian, 4 Latinx, and 1 Black. Thirty-nine children were in GENED, 33 in Spanish immersion programs (Sp), and 30 in Cantonese immersion programs (Cn). Each child was assessed on a core language/behavioral battery at Kindergarten (T1) and 2nd-3rd grade (T2). Time 2 participants were between 7 and 9 years old.Those that scored at least one standard deviation below the mean (SS=85) on a nonverbal intelligence screener (KBIT-2 Matrices) were excluded to mitigate confounds of intellectual disabilities. Groups' performance in English was compared on English tasks involving phonological processing (CTOPP-2 Blending Words and Elision) and single-word/character information processing tasks (WJ-IV Letter Word Identification and KABC-II Rebus).Results:Simple main effects analysis showed that time did have a statistically significant effect on test performance (p <0.001). At T2, analysis revealed a significant impact of school enrollment on Blending Words [F (2, 51.0) = 4.19, p = 0.018]. As predicted, post-hoc analysis revealed the students enrolled in the Spanish-immersion program significantly outperformed those in general education on this task. Across the other three tasks, those enrolled in Spanish and Cantonese immersion programs performed as strong as or better than those in GENED, but the variability was not statistically significant.Conclusions:This study uniquely isolated the effects of bilingual education without confounding factors of access to resources of a more heterogeneous socioeconomic sample. Mixed results partially supported our hypotheses: Spanish-immersion participants performed significantly better than those in GENED on one English phonological processing task (Blending Words). Although Cantonese immersion students had a higher mean performance than those in GENED on single-word/-character processing tasks, the variance was not statistically significant. This implies that bilingual education may offer advantages in either reading strategy. According to the literature, characteristics of a language may influence literacy acquisition; thus, subsequent research may continue to examine the effect of learning multiple languages with varying levels of orthographic depth on the development of English reading strategies.
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Rysbergen, K., D. Pashan, Z. Sadyrbaeva, and N. Barmeshova. "Fundamentals of standardization in the field of onomastic activity Republic of Kazakhstan." Adam alemi 92, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2022.2/1999-5849.14.
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Onomastic names, including the names of toponyms of our country, are one of the main factors determining national and state identity. Over the years of independence, many measures have been carried out aimed at nationalizing the content of onomastic names. However, there are many problems that have not yet been solved. One of them is the problem of standardization. In official documents and unofficial documents, not only human names are written in several variants, but also the names of lands and waters. During the consideration of this issue, the experience of countries with a sufficiently developed system of onomastic standardization was considered. From this point of view, we focused on the implementation of specific tasks in laws, concepts, programs related to the field of onomastics in our country. The solution of these issues remains the main task until the transition of our writing to the Latin alphabet. By the time the Latin alphabet was introduced, our standardized onomastic names would have entered the international, global information space without hindrance, and some problem in the field of onomastics would have been solved.