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Journal articles on the topic 'Alpha Autoradiography'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Takekawa, Shoichi, Yoshihiko Ueda, Yoshihiko Ueda, Yoshihiro Hiramatsu, Hirotsugu Munechika, and Fumio Shishido. "Imaging of Beta-Rays from Tissue Blocks with Thorotrast Deposition by Autoradiography using Fuji Computed Radiography." Jurnal Radiologi Indonesia 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33748/jradidn.v1i2.7.

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Background: Autoradiography of tissue with radioactive substance such as Thorotrast by Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) has been available. We obtained autoradiographs from Thorotrast-deposited tissue by FCR. However, the nature of radiation from tissue with Thorotrast was not certain, because alpha particles are shielded by the plastic front of the FCR cassette. Therefore, we undertook investigation to clearly explain the nature of radiation from Thorotrast in case of autoradiography.Materials and Methods: Tissue blocks of liver and spleen with Thorotrast deposition were imaged by autoradiography using FCR, and radioactivity of tissue blocks was measured by a GM survey meter. Measurement was carried out by both with and without an aluminum plate between the tissue and the surface of GM survey meter to shield beta-rays.Results: Autoradiographs of the liver and spleen with Thorotrast were successful. It took only one day to obtain autoradiograph of the spleen, and 14 days for the liver. The radioactivity count decreased dramatically when an aluminum plate was inserted between the specimen and GM survey meter, but some radiation remained. The tissue blocks were contained in a plastic bag and the front of the Cassette of Imaging Plate is covered by a thin plastic board, so alpha-rays from Thorium dioxide in Thorotrast had been shielded from the beginning.Conclusion: We concluded that the radiation from the tissue blocks with Thorotrast in a plastic bag was mostly from beta-rays and less than 5% of radiation was from gamma-rays from the daughter nuclei of Thorium dioxide.
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2

Carpentier, J. L., D. Brown, B. Iacopetta, and L. Orci. "Detection of surface-bound ligands by freeze-fracture autoradiography." Journal of Cell Biology 101, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.101.3.887.

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This article describes a new freeze-fracture autoradiographic technique for the detection of radioactive ligands associated with the surface of cells in monolayer or suspension culture. Since freeze-fracture replicas are produced in the conventional way, all membrane features normally seen in freeze-fracture are retained, and autoradiographic grains produced by the labeled ligands are seen superimposed on unaltered exoplasmic membrane fracture faces. To assess the feasibility and resolution of this technique, we compared the surface distribution of alpha 2-macroglobulin and cholera toxin, labeled either with 125I or with colloidal gold, on 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Both by autoradiography and cytochemical gold labeling, alpha 2-macroglobulin was associated specifically with coated pits, whereas cholera toxin was preferentially found over smaller, apparently non-coated membrane invaginations. Together with data on the surface localization of 125I-transferrin on HL-60 myelomonocytic cells, these results demonstrate the application of this technique for the accurate determination of ligand distribution over large areas of plasma membrane. The simplicity and reproducibility of the method should now allow freeze-fracture autoradiography to become a standard technique for investigating the distribution of both endogenous and exogenous cell surface-associated molecules, as well as the redistribution of such molecules under different experimental conditions.
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3

Stumpf, W. E., J. K. Morin, B. W. Ennis, J. E. Zielinski, and R. B. Hochberg. "Utility of [16 alpha-125I] iodoestradiol for autoradiography for the study of cellular and regional distribution of receptors." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 1 (January 1987): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.1.3794310.

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We demonstrate the utility of [16 alpha-125I]iodoestradiol for thaw-mount autoradiography with 2 micron and 4 micron thick sections of rat and mouse uterus, pituitary, and brain after in vivo administration. Under the conditions of the experiments, short-term autoradiography with exposure times between 3 and 14 days provides optimal cellular resolution, whereas long-term autoradiography with 1-2 months of exposure may be used to obtain topographic-regional surveys of distribution.
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4

Maltier, J. P., I. Petit, and C. Legrand. "Autoradiographic visualization of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in cervix of early pregnant rat." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 5 (May 1989): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.5.2539410.

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alpha 1-Adrenergic receptors were identified, characterized, and localized in rat cervix on Day 6 of pregnancy by autoradiography. Autoradiographic study was performed in slide-mounted rat cervix sections using [3H]-prazosin ([3H]-PRAZ) as ligand. Binding was time dependent and specific. Pharmacological study indicated that specific [3H]-PRAZ binding was inhibited with high affinity by prazosin and phenylephrine and low affinity by yohimbine and clonidine. In cervix, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptors were localized mainly to the inner circular layer of the myometrium. Binding to the outer longitudinal layer of myometrium was moderate, and binding was absent in the endometrium. The regional distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors strongly suggests that the circular layer of myometrium may function as an important modulator of contractile response of the cervix, probably involved in the retention of blastocysts at the utero-cervical end of the horn.
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5

AL Darwish, Ruqaya, Alexander Hugo Staudacher, Eva Bezak, and Michael Paul Brown. "Autoradiography Imaging in Targeted Alpha Therapy with Timepix Detector." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/612580.

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There is a lack of data related to activity uptake and particle track distribution in targeted alpha therapy. These data are required to estimate the absorbed dose on a cellular level as alpha particles have a limited range and traverse only a few cells. Tracking of individual alpha particles is possible using the Timepix semiconductor radiation detector. We investigated the feasibility of imaging alpha particle emissions in tumour sections from mice treated with Thorium-227 (using APOMAB), with and without prior chemotherapy and Timepix detector. Additionally, the sensitivity of the Timepix detector to monitor variations in tumour uptake based on the necrotic tissue volume was also studied. Compartmental analysis model was used, based on the obtained imaging data, to assess the Th-227 uptake. Results show that alpha particle, photon, electron, and muon tracks were detected and resolved by Timepix detector. The current study demonstrated that individual alpha particle emissions, resulting from targeted alpha therapy, can be visualised and quantified using Timepix detector. Furthermore, the variations in the uptake based on the tumour necrotic volume have been observed with four times higher uptake for tumours pretreated with chemotherapy than for those without chemotherapy.
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6

Koseki, C., Y. Hayashi, S. Torikai, M. Furuya, N. Ohnuma, and M. Imai. "Localization of binding sites for alpha-rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide in rat kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 250, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): F210—F216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.2.f210.

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To determine the intrarenal localization of receptors for atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in the rat, we performed autoradiography and binding assay by using 125I-labeled alpha-rat ANP (alpha-rANP). Autoradiography at the slice and microscopic level in the kidney and binding assay in isolated glomeruli demonstrated that receptors in the renal cortex were distributed mainly in glomeruli. Although dense silver grains were distributed diffusely both in inner medulla and outer stripe of outer medulla, a marked displacement of the grains was observed only in the inner medulla. Autoradiography at the microscopic level also showed that silver grains were distributed in the renal artery, renal pelvis, and inner medullary collecting tubule (IMCT) prepared by the microdissection method, but not in the arcuate artery, interlobular artery, and afferent or efferent arterioles. Specific binding was demonstrated in the isolated glomeruli and the preparation was rich in fragments of IMCT. Apparent binding affinity (Kd) and receptor density (R) for 125I-labeled alpha-rANP in isolated glomeruli and IMCT were Kd = 3.2 and 21 X 10(-9) M, and R = 320 and 420 fmol/mg protein, respectively. These observations suggest that alpha-rANP has a physiological action on glomeruli and possibly on the inner medullary collecting tubules in addition to the renal artery.
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7

Dvorak, A. M., R. A. Monahan-Earley, H. F. Dvorak, and S. J. Galli. "Ultrastructural cytochemical and autoradiographic demonstration of nonspecific esterase(s) in guinea pig basophils." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 3 (March 1987): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.3.3819377.

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We used ultrastructural autoradiographic and cytochemical methods to localize esterase activities in unstimulated guinea pig basophils and in basophils undergoing degranulation or recovery from degranulation. We used tritium-labeled diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) as a probe for serine enzymes and localized this probe by ultrastructural autoradiography to cytoplasmic granules of immature or mature unstimulated basophils, as well as to granules released by degranulating basophils. Ultrastructural cytochemistry using alpha naphthyl acetate (ANA) as substrate localized nonspecific esterase activity to extruded granules, either within the interiors of degranulation sacs or within granules completely separated from degranulating basophils. Extruded granules retained their esterase activity for as long as 24 hr after antigen-induced degranulation. The plasma membranes of unstimulated or degranulating basophils, as well as of basophils recovering from degranulation, displayed prominent cell surface ANA esterase ectoenzyme activity. Lipid bodies, organelles present in the cytoplasm of both control and recovering basophils, were also alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-positive. Thus, cytochemical and autoradiographic techniques localized esterase and/or [3H]-DFP-binding activities to cytoplasmic granules, lipid bodies, and cell surface of basophils, and these enzyme activities persisted during both degranulation and recovery from degranulation.
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8

Kalnins, Christopher A. G., Nigel A. Spooner, Michael J. P. Clarke, and David Ottaway. "Alpha particle autoradiography for high spatial resolution mapping of radionuclides." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 197 (February 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.11.008.

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9

Healy, D. P., and D. D. Fanestil. "Localization of atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites within the rat kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 250, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): F573—F578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.3.f573.

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Although synthetic atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) have potent natriuretic/diuretic properties, the renal mechanisms underlying these effects are not yet clearly defined. To determine the possible sites of action for ANP within the kidney, we have localized 125I-ANP binding sites by in vitro autoradiography. Slices of rat kidney were incubated with 150 pM 125I-ANP [alpha-rat ANP (alpha-rANP), 28 amino acids] alone or in the presence of 10 nM or 1 microM unlabeled ANP. Autoradiography was performed using LKB Ultrofilm or emulsion-coated cover slips together with histochemical/immunohistochemical staining of specific tubular segments. High-affinity 125I-ANP binding sites were concentrated over glomeruli and to a lesser extent over the arterial vasculature. Lower-affinity binding sites were seen over proximal tubules and inner medullary collecting ducts. The remainder of the nephron was unlabeled. The localization of high-affinity 125I-ANP binding sites in rat kidney is consistent with a glomerular filtration/hemodynamic mechanism as the principal means by which ANP promotes natriuresis/diuresis.
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10

Verdurand, Mathieu, Elise Levigoureux, Sophie Lancelot, Waël Zeinyeh, Thierry Billard, Isabelle Quadrio, Armand Perret-Liaudet, Luc Zimmer, and Fabien Chauveau. "Amyloid-Beta Radiotracer [18F]BF-227 Does Not Bind to Cytoplasmic Glial Inclusions of Postmortem Multiple System Atrophy Brain Tissue." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9165458.

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The accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in multiple brain regions is a neuropathological hallmark of synucleinopathies. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a synucleinopathy characterized by the predominant cerebral accumulation of aggregated α-syn as cytoplasmic glial inclusions (CGI). A premortem diagnosis tool would improve early diagnosis and help monitoring disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. One Positron Emission Tomography (PET) study suggested [11C]BF-227 as a promising radiotracer for monitoring intracellular α-syn deposition in MSA patients. We sought to confirm the binding of this radiotracer to α-syn using state-of-the-art autoradiography. Medulla sections were obtained from 9 MSA patients and 9 controls (London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank). [18F]BF-227, chemically identical to [11C]BF-227, was used at nanomolar concentrations to perform in vitro autoradiography assays. Autoradiograms were superimposed on fluorescent staining from the conformational anti-α-syn antibody 5G4 and quantified after immunofluorescence-driven definition of regions of interest. Autoradiography showed no specific signals in MSA patients in comparison to controls despite widespread pathology detected by immunofluorescence. Autoradiography does not support a significant binding of [18F]BF-227 to CGI at concentrations typically achieved in PET experiments.
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11

Muntz, K. H., C. Garcia, and H. K. Hagler. "alpha 1-Receptor localization in rat heart and kidney using autoradiography." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 249, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): H512—H519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.3.h512.

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To study the distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle, we used light-microscopic autoradiography of [3H]prazosin. Scintillation spectrometry of frozen sections demonstrated rapid binding, saturability, stereospecificity, and agonist and antagonist binding characteristic of an alpha-receptor. For autoradiography, sections were incubated, processed, and grain density quantified using a computer-based image analyzer. Specific alpha 1-receptor binding was found over cardiac myocytes in the left and right ventricles but not over skeletal muscle. Scatchard analyses of specific grain densities over cardiac myocytes gave a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.55 +/- 0.18 nM (SD, n = 4 rats) and a maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) of 448 +/- 90 grains/10(-2) mm2. Renal arterioles had a higher specific grain density than myocardial arterioles at all concentrations of [3H]prazosin (P less than 0.001). Scatchard analyses showed that renal arterioles had a Kd of 0.27 nM and a Bmax of 1,259 grains/10(-2) mm2, whereas myocardial arterioles had a Kd of 1.64 nM and a Bmax of 183 grains/10(-2) mm2. Arterioles in the flexor carpi radialis muscle were not labeled. Renal cortex tubules had the highest grain density of any structure studied, i.e., higher than grain density over glomeruli or tubules in the renal medulla. These observations indicate that significant differences exist in the distribution and affinity of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in various vascular beds and parenchymal tissues.
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12

Christensen, E. I., J. Gliemann, and S. K. Moestrup. "Renal tubule gp330 is a calcium binding receptor for endocytic uptake of protein." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, no. 10 (October 1992): 1481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.10.1382088.

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gp330, a large glycoprotein located in renal proximal tubules, has sequence similarities with the low-density lipoprotein receptor and the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. The 40 KD human alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein is a newly discovered heparin binding protein homologous to a major rat Heymann nephritis factor and exhibiting high affinity binding to the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor. The present study shows by ligand blotting, light and electron microscopic autoradiography, and cytochemistry that gp330 located in coated apical membrane regions of the rat proximal tubule strongly binds the 40 KD protein. Furthermore, 45Ca2+ blotting experiments disclosed gp330 as a quantitatively important Ca2+ binding protein in renal cortex. Binding of 125I-labeled 40 KD protein to electroblotted gp330 and to coated apical membrane regions in sections of renal proximal tubules was abolished by excess unlabeled 40 KD protein, heparin, and EDTA. The endocytic properties of gp330 were investigated by in vivo microperfusion of rat proximal tubules. After 6 min, 125I-labeled 40 KD protein was mainly found in endocytic vacuoles and later accumulated in lysosomes. These data demonstrate that gp330 is a Ca2+ binding receptor for endocytosis of protein and is functionally related to the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Furthermore, our results demonstrate the usefulness of semi-thin and ultra-thin cryosections in studies of ligand binding and subcellular localization of receptors with autoradiographic techniques.
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13

Romero, D. P., and A. E. Dahlberg. "The alpha subunit of initiation factor 2 is phosphorylated in vivo in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 4 (April 1986): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.4.1044-1049.1986.

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The phosphorylation state of the alpha subunit of initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of lysates from cultures grown under a variety of conditions. The alpha subunit was maintained in a phosphorylated state during logarithmic growth on fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources, during starvation for an essential amino acid, during heat shock, during stationary phase, and during sporulation. Only when cells were starved for a carbon source for 2 h in 1 M sorbitol was eIF-2 alpha isolated in the nonphosphorylated state. This is in contrast with the studies in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, in which arrested protein synthesis was correlated with a relative increase in the extent of phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha.
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14

Romero, D. P., and A. E. Dahlberg. "The alpha subunit of initiation factor 2 is phosphorylated in vivo in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 4 (April 1986): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.4.1044.

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The phosphorylation state of the alpha subunit of initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of lysates from cultures grown under a variety of conditions. The alpha subunit was maintained in a phosphorylated state during logarithmic growth on fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources, during starvation for an essential amino acid, during heat shock, during stationary phase, and during sporulation. Only when cells were starved for a carbon source for 2 h in 1 M sorbitol was eIF-2 alpha isolated in the nonphosphorylated state. This is in contrast with the studies in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, in which arrested protein synthesis was correlated with a relative increase in the extent of phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha.
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15

Zhmodik, C. M., and V. A. Ponomarchuk. "GEOCHEMICAL VIEW ON “INOFFENSIVE” DEPLETED URANIUM." Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 513, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739723601229.

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The interaction of alpha radiation from UO2 micro- and nanoparticles (uraninite) with the substance was visualized using alpha-autoradiography data on A-2 thick-layer nuclear photographic emulsions. The spherical area of action of alpha particles around UO2 micrograins, up to 100 microns in size, is a deeply transformed substance with a high density of radiation defects. The translation of these results on a living organism leads to the conclusion about the specific type of impact of micro- and nanoparticles of depleted uranium, in which prolonged internal irradiation in small doses of the whole organism is combined with catastrophically high doses of alpha radiation in local zones, near micro- and nanoparticles UO2.
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16

SHIBATA, KOJI. "Boron Using in Steel and Autoradiography through Alpha-particle Track Etching." RADIOISOTOPES 46, no. 6 (1997): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.46.413.

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17

McDonald, P., S. W. Fowler, M. Heyraud, and M. S. Baxter. "Polonium-210 in mussels and its implications for environmental alpha-autoradiography." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 3, no. 4 (January 1986): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(86)90004-4.

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18

Martin, W. H., T. K. Tolley, and J. E. Saffitz. "Autoradiographic delineation of skeletal muscle alpha 1-adrenergic receptor distribution." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): H1402—H1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.5.h1402.

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We used light microscopic autoradiography to quantify the distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in vessels and muscle fibers of slow-twitch (type I), fast-twitch (types IIa and IIb), and mixed fiber muscles of the rat hindquarter. Frozen cross sections of soleus, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius muscles were incubated under equilibrium binding conditions with 10-200 pM [3H]prazosin with or without 10(-5) M phentolamine. Because of the low concentration of bound radioligand, specific binding could not be detected with scintillation spectrometry in whole tissue sections scraped from slides. However, quantitative autoradiographic analysis after extended intervals of emulsion exposure revealed a low but significant level of specific binding in muscle fibers. No difference in alpha 1-receptor density was observed among types I, IIa, and IIb fibers. Small blood vessels had a much greater alpha 1-receptor density than muscle fibers. Resistance arterioles (20-100 microns diam) and small arteries (100-500 microns diam) contained 5.8 +/- 0.9 and 31.6 +/- 7.6 (+/- SE) times more binding sites per unit section area, respectively, than did surrounding muscle fibers (both P less than 0.001). Ratios of specific grain densities in fibers and blood vessels did not vary with radioligand concentration, indicating that observed grain densities reflected differences in receptor concentration rather than radioligand affinity by fiber and vessel receptors. The densities of vascular alpha 1-receptors did not vary in slow- and fast-twitch muscles, but resistance arterioles were six and eight times more numerous in soleus than in gastrocnemius and vastus muscles, respectively (both P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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19

Zhao, M., H. K. Hagler, and K. H. Muntz. "Regulation of alpha 1-, beta 1-, and beta 2-adrenergic receptors in rat heart by norepinephrine." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): H1762—H1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.5.h1762.

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Previous studies suggest that the desensitization and downregulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptors (beta 1-AR) in the failing heart are the result of the elevated plasma catecholamine levels associated with this disease. To examine norepinephrine (NE)-induced regulation of cardiac adrenergic receptors, rats were infused with l-NE (200 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 for 7 days) or vehicle (0.001 N HCl) by implantation of osmotic minipumps. The technique of coverslip autoradiography was used to quantify alpha 1-adrenergic receptors (alpha 1-AR), beta 1-AR, and beta 2-AR in different tissue compartments of rat hearts. For measurement of beta-AR binding, sections were incubated with 70 pM [125I]iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) alone or in the presence of 5 microM dl-propranolol or 5 x 10(-7) M CGP-20712A (a beta 1-antagonist) and then set up for autoradiography. [3H]prazosin (1 nM) with or without phentolamine was used to study alpha-AR binding. Chronic infusion of NE induced a greater downregulation of beta 2-AR compared with beta 1-AR in all regions studied, including atrial and ventricular myocytes, coronary arterioles, and connective tissue. An 18% loss of beta 1-AR was seen only in atrial myocytes; beta 1-AR density actually increased 28% in ventricular myocytes following NE infusion. There was a 15% decrease in alpha 1-AR in ventricular myocytes, whereas no change in alpha 1-AR density was seen in myocardial arterioles. Our study demonstrates that beta 2-AR are more susceptible to NE-induced downregulation than beta 1-AR. Thus other mechanisms may be involved in the selective downregulation of beta 1-AR in certain forms of heart failure.
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20

Brown, J., and A. Czarnecki. "Autoradiographic localization of atrial and brain natriuretic peptide receptors in rat brain." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 258, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): R57—R63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.1.r57.

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Displacement of bound 125I-labeled atrial natriuretic peptide-(1-28) [alpha 125I-ANP-(1-28)] by alpha-ANP-(5-28) and porcine brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was used to map receptors common to these peptides in rat brain by in vitro autoradiography. alpha-125I-ANP bound reversibly to subfornical organ, area postrema, median preoptic, supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and arachnoid mater. Binding at these sites was displaced similarly by 1 microM unlabeled alpha-ANP, alpha-ANP-(5-28), and BNP. Binding dissociation constants in the subfornical organ and arachnoid were 4.40 +/- 1.15 and 3.99 +/- 0.86 nM, respectively, for alpha-ANP, and 2.41 +/- 1.11 and 2.23 +/- 1.06 nM, respectively, for BNP. alpha-125I-ANP also bound to choroid plexus. Here 1 microM unlabeled alpha-ANP displaced significantly more radioligand than did 1 microM BNP, and the concentration displacing 50% of bound radioligand was 2.23 +/- 0.78 nM for alpha-ANP and 1.51 +/- 0.67 nM for BNP. alpha-ANP-(5-28) also displaced alpha 125I-ANP at all sites with significantly greater affinity than did unlabeled alpha-ANP. alpha-125I-ANP was not displaced by completely unrelated peptides. Therefore, both atrial and brain natriuretic peptides may be high-affinity ligands at common receptors in some cerebral localities.
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21

Shriwastwa, B. B., B. Raghunath, and J. K. Ghosh. "Selective alpha autoradiography for monitoring thorium distribution in UO2-ThO2 fuel pellets / Selektive Alpha-Autoradiographie zur Bestimmung der Verteilung von Thorium in UO2-ThO2-Brennstofftabletten." Kerntechnik 57, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-1992-570506.

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22

McCormack, D. G., J. C. Mak, M. O. Coupe, and P. J. Barnes. "Calcitonin gene-related peptide vasodilation of human pulmonary vessels." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 1265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.3.1265.

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Human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is localized to sensory neurons in pulmonary vessels and is a potent vasodilator. We have characterized the effects of CGRP in human pulmonary vessels and localized the receptors for this peptide by autoradiography. Fresh human lung tissue was obtained from eight patients undergoing surgery and small (200–400 microns ID) pulmonary arteries and veins were dissected free of surrounding connective and pulmonary tissue. Pairs of vessels were studied and in one of each pair the endothelium was left intact and from the other of each pair the endothelium was removed by gentle abrasion. For functional studies arteries (n = 9) and veins (n = 9) were suspended in an organ bath, precontracted with 1 microM prostaglandin F2 alpha. CGRP (10 pM to 10 microM) was added in a cumulative manner. CGRP caused a dose-dependent relaxation of endothelium intact human pulmonary arteries and veins with log EC50 values of -8.01 +/- 0.35 and -8.70 +/- 0.40, respectively (not significant). Removal of the endothelium did not diminish the vasodilator potency of CGRP in either vessel. For autoradiographic studies, cryostat sections of the small human pulmonary vessels with or without endothelium were used. 125I-CGRP densely labeled CGRP receptors on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial removal did not have any effect on grain density. We concluded that CGRP is a potent vasodilator of human pulmonary arteries and veins that is not dependent on an intact endothelium. These functional studies correlate with the distribution of CGRP receptors as localized by autoradiography.
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23

ISHIGURE, Nobuhito, Takashi NAKANO, Hiroko ENOMOTO, Akira KOIZUMI, and Katsuhiro MIYAMOTO. "Alpha-particle autoradiography by solid state track detectors to spatial distribution of radioactivity in alpha-counting source." RADIOISOTOPES 38, no. 6 (1989): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.38.6_282.

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24

Zheng, T., C. Villalobos, K. D. Nusser, T. W. Gettys, W. J. Faught, J. P. Castano, and L. S. Frawley. "Phenotypic characterization and functional correlation of alpha-MSH binding to pituitary cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 272, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): E282—E287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.2.e282.

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It is clear that alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), released by the hypophysial neurointermediate lobe, is a mediator of suckling-induced prolactin release, but several questions surrounding its role remain unresolved. Accordingly, the objectives of the present study were 1) to establish whether alpha-MSH could bind in a reversible manner to a specific secretory type cell within the adenohypophysis (AP), 2) to resolve the issue of whether the peptide could compete with dopamine for the same receptor binding site, and 3) to seek a functional signaling correlate for alpha-MSH binding. In pursuit of these objectives, we subjected pituitary cells from lactating rats to alpha-MSH receptor autoradiography, AP hormone immunocytochemistry, or digital imaging fluorescence microscopy with fura 2 as a calcium-sensitive probe. Our results show that alpha-MSH binding is restricted to mammotropes and that a specific subpopulation of these express functional alpha-MSH receptors that are coupled to a Ca2+ signaling pathway. Moreover, alpha-MSH does not compete with dopamine antagonists/agonists for the same binding site.
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25

IIDA, Takao, Yukimasa IKEBE, and Osamu MATSUOKA. "Autoradiography of .ALPHA.-and .BETA.-emitters using a charged-particle imaging system." RADIOISOTOPES 36, no. 7 (1987): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.36.7_317.

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26

AL Darwish, R., E. Bezak, A. Staudacher, and M. Brown. "EP-1839: Application of timepix for autoradiography imaging in targeted alpha therapy." Radiotherapy and Oncology 111 (2014): S302—S303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31957-5.

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27

Schneider, Nathan R., S. E. Glover, Zhongyum Dong, and Henry B. Spitz. "Microdosimetry of alpha-emitting decay products in tissue using conventional film autoradiography." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 307, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 2029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4401-1.

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28

Chen, M. C., A. T. Lee, W. E. Karnes, D. Avedian, M. Martin, J. M. Sorvillo, and A. H. Soll. "Paracrine control of gastric epithelial cell growth in culture by transforming growth factor-alpha." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 264, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): G390—G396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.2.g390.

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Studying primary cultures of replicating canine oxyntic mucosal cells, we found evidence for modulation of cell growth by endogenous factors. [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was rapid with cells cultured in medium free of serum or added growth factors, and growth rates of these cultures were markedly dependent on plating density, indicating mitogenic control by soluble endogenous growth factors. Data indicated that endogenous transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) exerted mitogenic control under the following conditions. 1) TGF-alpha was detected in the cultured cells by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. 2) TGF-alpha-like immunoreactivity and receptor reactivity were present in the medium in concentrations sufficient to exert mitogenic control. 3) Receptors for TGF-alpha and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were present in the cultures. 4) Immunoabsorption by a TGF-alpha-specific antisera reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation. TGF-alpha was localized to parietal cells by immunohistochemistry and cell separation. In contrast, combined [3H]thymidine autoradiography and immunohistochemistry with anti-TGF-alpha did not detect TGF-alpha in dividing cells. We conclude that parietal cell TGF-alpha exerts paracrine control of mucosal cell growth in vitro, and we speculate that this is an important paracrine mechanism in vivo.
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29

Kirshner, N., J. J. Corcoran, and H. P. Erickson. "Synthesis of alpha 2-macroglobulin by bovine adrenal cortical cell cultures." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): C779—C785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.4.c779.

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Primary cultures of bovine adrenal medullary cells synthesize and secrete a high-molecular-weight protein into the culture medium. The protein was purified from the serum-free medium of cultured cells and was identified as alpha 2-macroglobulin by gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity, electron microscopy, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion, and autoradiography. Antisera directed against the protein were prepared and used to determine the cell types that synthesize the protein. Immunohistofluorescence studies show that adrenal cortical cells present in the adrenal medullary cell cultures reacted with the antisera to the protein purified from the medium, but adrenal medullary chromaffin cells did not. Cell cultures prepared from bovine adrenal cortex also synthesize and secrete alpha 2-macroglobulin and react with the antisera.
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30

Brown, J., and A. Czarnecki. "Receptor subtypes for natriuretic peptides in the brains of hypertensive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): R441—R447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.2.r441.

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Receptor subtypes for alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-ANP) were characterized in brains of 12-wk-old Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by in vitro autoradiography, using des[Gln18, Ser19,Gly20,Leu21,Gly22]ANP-(4-23) (C-ANP) and ANP-(5-25) as subtype-selective ligands. 125I-labeled alpha-ANP (200 pM) bound reversibly to arachnoid mater (AM), choroid plexus (ChP), subfornical organ (SFO), median preoptic nucleus, and supraoptic nucleus. Apparent Kd values for alpha-ANP in AM, ChP, and SFO were 1-6 nM and they were lowest in SHR. Maximal binding capacities for alpha-ANP on ChP and SFO were also significantly lower in SHR, and 10 microM C-ANP or 10 microM ANP-(5-25) inhibited most radioligand binding on AM of WKY and SHR. C-ANP significantly inhibited no other alpha-125I-ANP binding. ANP-(5-25) was a relatively weak inhibitor of alpha-125I-ANP binding to ChP and SFO in WKY but it was powerful in SHR. The results suggest that AM expresses clearance receptor for alpha-ANP in WKY and SHR. Other structures do not express this receptor significantly but express two other receptors for alpha-ANP, one mainly in WKY and one mainly in SHR.
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31

Tönnesmann, Roswitha, Philipp Meyer, Matthias Eder, and Ann-Christin Baranski. "[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Salivary Gland Uptake Characterized by Quantitative In Vitro Autoradiography." Pharmaceuticals 12, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph12010018.

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Irradiation of salivary glands remains the main dose-limiting side effect of therapeutic PSMA-inhibitors, especially when using alpha emitters. Thus, further advances in radiopharmaceutical design and therapy strategies are needed to reduce salivary gland uptake, thereby allowing the administration of higher doses and potentially resulting in improved response rates and better tumor control. As the uptake mechanism remains unknown, this work investigates the salivary gland uptake of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 by autoradiography studies on pig salivary gland tissue and on PSMA-overexpressing LNCaP cell membrane pellets. Displacement studies were performed with non-labeled PSMA-617 and 2-PMPA, respectively. The uptake of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in glandular areas was determined to be partly PSMA-specific, with a high non-specific uptake fraction. The study emphasizes that [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 accumulation in pig salivary glands can be attributed to a combination of both specific and non-specific uptake mechanisms. The observation is of high impact for future design of novel radiopharmaceuticals addressing the dose-limiting salivary gland irradiation of current alpha endoradiotherapy in prostate cancer.
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32

Puszkin, EG, EA Mauss, and MB Zucker. "Assembly and GPIIIa content of cytoskeletal core in platelets agglutinated with bovine von Willebrand factor." Blood 76, no. 8 (October 15, 1990): 1572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.8.1572.1572.

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Abstract The association between occupancy of the von Willebrand factor (vWf) receptor glycoprotein (GP) Ib, agglutination, and the assembly and composition of the cytoskeletal core was studied in 125I-surface- labeled aspirin-treated washed platelets. Binding of ligands to GPIIb- IIIa and platelet aggregation were abolished by addition of EDTA. Platelet agglutination induced by bovine vWf generated a complete cytoskeletal core (Triton-insoluble residue), shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to be composed of actin-binding protein (ABP) (260 Kd), 235-Kd protein, myosin heavy chain (200 Kd), alpha-actinin (100 Kd), and actin (43 Kd). In addition, autoradiography of the gels showed a 125I 105-Kd GP, identified by immunoblot as GPIIIa, as well as GPIb, GPIIb, and another band at 87 Kd, probably GPIV. Neither cytoskeletal assembly nor GPIIa incorporation was altered if calpain was inhibited with leupeptin. Platelet suspensions exposed to bovine vWf without stirring (ie, nonagglutinated) or platelets in which agglutination was inhibited with ADP showed smaller cytoskeletons with little ABP, 235 Kd protein, and alpha-actinin. Autoradiographs showed mainly GPIb. Cytochalasin D (CD) and monobromobimane (MB) enhanced agglutination and prevented the inhibitory action of ADP on bovine vWf-induced platelet agglutination. CD markedly inhibited the assembly of the cytoskeletal core as well as GPIIIa retention, whereas MB resulted in a large Triton-insoluble residue which contained GPIIIa. Thus, development of a platelet cytoskeletal core is apparently not required for agglutination, but when a cytoskeletal core is assembled in agglutinated platelets, GPIIIa is retained.
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33

Puszkin, EG, EA Mauss, and MB Zucker. "Assembly and GPIIIa content of cytoskeletal core in platelets agglutinated with bovine von Willebrand factor." Blood 76, no. 8 (October 15, 1990): 1572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v76.8.1572.bloodjournal7681572.

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The association between occupancy of the von Willebrand factor (vWf) receptor glycoprotein (GP) Ib, agglutination, and the assembly and composition of the cytoskeletal core was studied in 125I-surface- labeled aspirin-treated washed platelets. Binding of ligands to GPIIb- IIIa and platelet aggregation were abolished by addition of EDTA. Platelet agglutination induced by bovine vWf generated a complete cytoskeletal core (Triton-insoluble residue), shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to be composed of actin-binding protein (ABP) (260 Kd), 235-Kd protein, myosin heavy chain (200 Kd), alpha-actinin (100 Kd), and actin (43 Kd). In addition, autoradiography of the gels showed a 125I 105-Kd GP, identified by immunoblot as GPIIIa, as well as GPIb, GPIIb, and another band at 87 Kd, probably GPIV. Neither cytoskeletal assembly nor GPIIa incorporation was altered if calpain was inhibited with leupeptin. Platelet suspensions exposed to bovine vWf without stirring (ie, nonagglutinated) or platelets in which agglutination was inhibited with ADP showed smaller cytoskeletons with little ABP, 235 Kd protein, and alpha-actinin. Autoradiographs showed mainly GPIb. Cytochalasin D (CD) and monobromobimane (MB) enhanced agglutination and prevented the inhibitory action of ADP on bovine vWf-induced platelet agglutination. CD markedly inhibited the assembly of the cytoskeletal core as well as GPIIIa retention, whereas MB resulted in a large Triton-insoluble residue which contained GPIIIa. Thus, development of a platelet cytoskeletal core is apparently not required for agglutination, but when a cytoskeletal core is assembled in agglutinated platelets, GPIIIa is retained.
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34

Brown, J., S. P. Salas, A. Singleton, J. M. Polak, and C. T. Dollery. "Autoradiographic localization of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor subtypes in rat kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 259, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): F26—F39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1990.259.1.f26.

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The distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) clearance receptors in rat kidney was investigated by in vitro autoradiography using des[Gln18,Ser19,Gly20,Leu21,Gly22]-ANP-(4- 23) (C-ANP) and 125I-Tyr0-ANP-(5-25) as relatively specific ligands of this receptor. Alpha-125I-ANP (100 pM) bound reversibly but with high affinity to glomeruli, outer medullary vasa recta bundles, and inner medulla. C-ANP (10 microM) inhibited greater than 60% of this glomerular binding but did not inhibit the binding of alpha-125I-ANP to medullary tissues. Alpha-125I-ANP also bound reversibly to the renal arteries up to the glomerulus. This arterial binding was only partly inhibited by 10 microM C-ANP. In the presence of 10 microM C-ANP, increasing concentrations of alpha-125I-ANP bound to a residue of glomerular sites with apparent dissociation constants of 0.82 +/- 0.16 to 2.73 +/- 1.20 nM at different cortical levels. 125I-Tyr0-ANP-(5-25) bound significantly to glomeruli and intrarenal arteries but not to vasa recta bundles or inner medulla. This glomerular binding also occurred with nanomolar dissociation constants. It was completely inhibited by 1 microM alpha-ANP and 10 microM C-ANP, but not by unrelated peptides such as gastrin. These results suggest that renal ANP clearance receptors are restricted in vivo to the glomeruli and renal arterial system of the rat.
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35

SAITO, Hideo, and Fumio MORITO. "Visualization of Boron in Molybdenum by α-rays Track Etching Method and Tritium Autoradiography." Tetsu-to-Hagane 89, no. 7 (2003): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.89.7_750.

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36

Miller, Brian W. "Radiation Imagers for Quantitative, Single-particle Digital Autoradiography of Alpha- and Beta-particle Emitters." Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 48, no. 4 (July 2018): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.008.

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37

Zeissler, Cynthia J. "Comparison of semiconductor pixel array, phosphor plate, and track-etch detectors for alpha autoradiography." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 392, no. 1-3 (June 1997): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(97)00253-2.

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38

Sardini, Paul, Axel Angileri, Michael Descostes, Samuel Duval, Tugdual Oger, Patricia Patrier, Nicolas Rividi, Marja Siitari-Kauppi, Hervé Toubon, and Jérôme Donnard. "Quantitative autoradiography of alpha particle emission in geo-materials using the Beaver™ system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 833 (October 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.07.003.

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39

Saffitz, J. E. "Distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in myocytic regions and vasculature of feline myocardium." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 257, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): H162—H169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.1.h162.

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The physiological and pathophysiological roles of myocardial alpha 1-adrenergic receptors are not clearly defined. To delineate the distribution of alpha 1-receptors in myocytic and vascular components of the heart, we characterized the binding of [3H]prazosin to alpha 1-receptors in unfixed, transmural slices of feline left ventricle. Specific binding ratios greater than 95% were achieved at radioligand concentrations near the dissociation constant (Kd). Binding of radioligand to receptors in transmural slices was rapid, reversible, saturable, stereoselective, and displaceable by subtype-selective antagonists with a rank order of potency characteristic of alpha 1-receptors. Analysis of binding isotherms indicated a Bmax of 9.1 +/- 1.9 fmol/mg protein and a Kd of 36.9 +/- 6.3 pM. Results of light microscopic autoradiography indicated that regions composed of closely arranged cardiac myocytes contained three to fourfold more alpha 1-receptors per unit section area than the resistance microvasculature, which in turn contained approximately twice the density of alpha 1-receptors observed in the medial smooth muscle of large conductance arteries. No differences in the density of alpha 1-receptors between subepicardial and subendocardial regions were observed for either myocytic regions or coronary arterioles. These results indicate that myocytic regions of the cat ventricle contain a high density of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. The methods developed should be of value in characterizing the distribution and function of alpha 1-receptors and mechanisms of regulation of adrenergic responsiveness in intact myocyardium.
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40

Samuels, BL, HM Golomb, and BH Brownstein. "In vivo induction of proteins during therapy of hairy cell leukemia with alpha-interferon." Blood 69, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.6.1570.1570.

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Abstract The mechanism of the antineoplastic effect of interferon (IFN) is not known and may result from direct effects on the neoplastic cells themselves, activation of intermediary effector cells, or a combination of these effects. The synthesis of specific proteins is induced in hairy cells when they are exposed to alpha-IFN in vitro. In particular, the called p80, is markedly induced. We investigated this effect in the hairy cells of seven patients in the leukemic phase of hairy cell leukemia who were being treated with subcutaneous (SC) IFN alpha 2b (r- Hu-IFN-alpha 2). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was carried out on [35S]methionine-labeled whole cell lysates visualized by autoradiography and silver staining. Within 2 days of starting IFN therapy, induction of specific protein synthesis, including p80 was seen by [35S]methionine labeling in freshly isolated circulating hairy cells from 6 of 6 patients tested. Therefore, alpha-IFN has a direct biochemical effect on hairy cells in vivo that is similar to in vitro effects, at least with regard to p80 synthesis, although the kinetics of this effect may vary in the two situations.
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41

Samuels, BL, HM Golomb, and BH Brownstein. "In vivo induction of proteins during therapy of hairy cell leukemia with alpha-interferon." Blood 69, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.6.1570.bloodjournal6961570.

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The mechanism of the antineoplastic effect of interferon (IFN) is not known and may result from direct effects on the neoplastic cells themselves, activation of intermediary effector cells, or a combination of these effects. The synthesis of specific proteins is induced in hairy cells when they are exposed to alpha-IFN in vitro. In particular, the called p80, is markedly induced. We investigated this effect in the hairy cells of seven patients in the leukemic phase of hairy cell leukemia who were being treated with subcutaneous (SC) IFN alpha 2b (r- Hu-IFN-alpha 2). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was carried out on [35S]methionine-labeled whole cell lysates visualized by autoradiography and silver staining. Within 2 days of starting IFN therapy, induction of specific protein synthesis, including p80 was seen by [35S]methionine labeling in freshly isolated circulating hairy cells from 6 of 6 patients tested. Therefore, alpha-IFN has a direct biochemical effect on hairy cells in vivo that is similar to in vitro effects, at least with regard to p80 synthesis, although the kinetics of this effect may vary in the two situations.
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42

Machida, Toshifumi, Michiyoshi Taga, and Hiroshi Minaguchi. "Effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha on the mouse trophoblast outgrowth in vitro." European Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 6 (December 1995): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1330741.

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Machida T, Taga M, Minaguchi H. Effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha on the mouse trophoblast outgrowth in vitro. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:741–6. ISSN 0804–4643 In order to analyze the involvement of growth factors in the implantation mechanism, we examined the direct effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) on trophoblast outgrowth of the mouse blastocyst in vitro. ICR mouse blastocysts were cultured for 4 days on a culture plate in medium containing EGF or TGF-α or conditioned medium obtained from cultured endometrial epithelial cells. Blastocysts were also co-cultured with endometrial epithelial cells. The trophoblast outgrowth of these cultured blastocysts was observed daily and the percentage of outgrowing embryos was calculated and analyzed statistically by the chi-squared test. Analysis for the specific binding of 125I-EGF in outgrown trophoblasts was carried out by autoradiography. The coculture (days 3 and 4) and the presence of EGF (10 ng/ml, day 4), TGF-α (1 ng/ml, day 3; 10 ng/ml, days 2 and 3; 50 ng/ml, days 2–4) or conditioned medium (days 3 and 4) significantly stimulated the rate of trophoblast outgrowth. Preincubation of the conditioned medium with monoclonal anti-EGF or anti-TGF-α antibody suppressed the stimulatory effect of the conditioned medium on trophoblast outgrowth. The specific 125I-EGF binding in outgrown trophoblasts was demonstrated by autoradiography. These results suggest that EGF and TGF-α play an important role in the implantation process by directly stimulating trophoblast development. Michiyoshi Taga, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236, Japan
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43

Ullah, Rahman, Nie Fengjuin, Zhang Xin, Zhang Chengyong, Asim Ali, and Zhang Pengfei. "Uranium Traps in Phreatic Sandstone-type Prospect, Taunsa Area, Dera Ghazi Khan, Eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan: Evidences from Autoradiography and Optical Microscopy." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss1.2020.414.

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Taunsa uranium occurrence like other uranium resources in Pakistan is hosted by the Late Miocene-Pliocene age Litra Formation of the Siwalik Group molasse sediments. Taunsa uranium prospect is a unique phreatic-type uranium resource in terms of its disturbed geological setting of the eastern limb of the Zindapir anticline in the eastern Sulaiman range. Autoradiography technique was used to locate the spots of anomalous uranium concentration in thin sections from ore of Taunsa prospect. Twenty polished thin sections from uranium ore ranging from 200 ppm-600 ppm were attached to detectors for a month which produced prominent alpha track which were used to find the traps of uranium. Subsequently, these spots were studied under SEM and EPMA for further investigations of uranium phases. Autoradiography revealed that Taunsa uranium ore is mostly associated with organic matter (probably petroleum), black shale clasts, biotite, fougerite (a green colour rusty mineral) and with micritic clasts. This study suggests that prospective facies of the host sandstone containing relatively abundant black shale clasts, organic matter and biotite may be targeted during exploratory drilling in Taunsa uranium deposit and its extensions in the eastern limb of Zindapir anticline
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44

Ullah, Rahman, Nie Fengjuin, Zhang Xin, Zhang Chengyong, Asim Ali, and Zhang Pengfei. "Uranium Traps in Phreatic Sandstone-type Prospect, Taunsa Area, Dera Ghazi Khan, Eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan: Evidences from Autoradiography and Optical Microscopy." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v11i1.414.

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Taunsa uranium occurrence like other uranium resources in Pakistan is hosted by the Late Miocene-Pliocene age Litra Formation of the Siwalik Group molasse sediments. Taunsa uranium prospect is a unique phreatic-type uranium resource in terms of its disturbed geological setting of the eastern limb of the Zindapir anticline in the eastern Sulaiman range. Autoradiography technique was used to locate the spots of anomalous uranium concentration in thin sections from ore of Taunsa prospect. Twenty polished thin sections from uranium ore ranging from 200 ppm-600 ppm were attached to detectors for a month which produced prominent alpha track which were used to find the traps of uranium. Subsequently, these spots were studied under SEM and EPMA for further investigations of uranium phases. Autoradiography revealed that Taunsa uranium ore is mostly associated with organic matter (probably petroleum), black shale clasts, biotite, fougerite (a green colour rusty mineral) and with micritic clasts. This study suggests that prospective facies of the host sandstone containing relatively abundant black shale clasts, organic matter and biotite may be targeted during exploratory drilling in Taunsa uranium deposit and its extensions in the eastern limb of Zindapir anticline
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45

Rao, T. S., B. B. Shriwastwa, J. N. Dubey, B. P. Patil, K. N. Chandrasekharan, V. D. Pandey, and S. Majumdar. "Quantitative estimation of plutonium-rich areas in thorium-based MOX fuels using alpha autoradiography technique." Radiation Measurements 36, no. 1-6 (June 2003): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4487(03)00239-7.

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46

Baghra, Chetan, D. B. Sathe, Jitender Sharma, Nilima Walinjkar, P. G. Behere, Mohd Afzal, and Arun Kumar. "Evaluation of micro-homogeneity in plutonium based nuclear reactor fuel pellets by alpha-autoradiography technique." Journal of Nuclear Materials 467 (December 2015): 730–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.10.058.

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47

Tanaka, H., Y. Sakurai, M. Suzuki, S. Masunaga, T. Mitsumoto, Y. Kinashi, N. Kondo, et al. "Evaluation of thermal neutron irradiation field using a cyclotron-based neutron source for alpha autoradiography." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 88 (June 2014): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.01.011.

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48

NICHOLAS, ANTHONY P., VINCENT PIERIBONE, ÅKE DAGERLIND, BJÖRN MEISTER, ROBERT ELDE, and TOMAS HÖKFELT. "A Complementary Method to Radioligand-Mediated Autoradiography for Localizing Adrenergic, Alpha-2 Receptor-Producing Cells." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 763, no. 1 The Imidazoli (July 1995): 222–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32409.x.

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49

Hall, S. W., J. LaMarre, L. B. Marshall, M. A. Hayes, and S. L. Gonias. "Binding of transforming growth factor-β1 to methylamine-modified α2-macroglobulin and to binary and ternary α2-macroglobulin-proteinase complexes." Biochemical Journal 281, no. 2 (January 15, 1992): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2810569.

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The binding of 125I-labelled transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) to human alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) was studied by native PAGE and autoradiography. TGF-beta 1 bound preferentially to alpha 2M-methylamine and minimally, if at all, to native alpha 2M. Preparations of alpha 2M-proteinase complex were generated by incubating a standard concentration of alpha 2M (0.4 microM) with different concentrations of trypsin, chymotrypsin or neutrophil elastase (0.04-2.0 microM). The 125I-TGF-beta 1-binding activity depended on the initial ratio of active proteinase to alpha 2M, or r value, used to form the alpha 2M-proteinase complex. With all three proteinases, r values of 2 or greater yielded preparations with unchanged or decreased TGF-beta 1-binding activity relative to native alpha 2M. By contrast, r values near 1 yielded preparations with significantly increased TGF-beta 1-binding activity. The results of [3H]thymidine-incorporation studies performed in mouse keratinocytes were consistent with the 125I-TGF-beta-binding experiments. alpha 2M-trypsin and alpha 2M-chymotrypsin prepared at an r value of 1.0 counteracted the activity of TGF-beta 1, whereas the equivalent complexes prepared at an r value of 3.0 had no effect. As determined by SDS/PAGE, 125I-TGF-beta 1 binding to alpha 2M-methylamine was at least 80% non-covalent. Reaction of alpha 2M-methylamine with iodoacetamide or 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) decreased the percentage of covalent binding but had no effect on total binding. Neuraminidase treatment had no effect on the binding of 125I-TGF-beta 1 to alpha 2M-methylamine. Cleavage of the ‘bait regions’ in alpha 2M-methylamine by prolonged treatment with trypsin also had no effect. These studies suggest that TGF-beta 1 binding to alpha 2M is enhanced by conformational change in the proteinase inhibitor resulting from reaction with proteinase or amine. If both proteinase-binding sites in a single alpha 2M molecule are occupied, TGF-beta 1-binding activity is decreased or perhaps eliminated.
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Jones, S. M. A., and S. J. Yeaman. "Phosphorylation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in isolated adipocytes. Effects of 2-oxo acids." Biochemical Journal 236, no. 1 (May 15, 1986): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2360209.

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Abstract:
Isolated adipocytes from rat epididymal fat-pads were incubated with [32P]Pi, and intracellular phosphoproteins were then analysed by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. A phosphorylated polypeptide of apparent Mr 46,000 was identified as the alpha-subunit of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex by immunoprecipitation using antiserum raised against the homogeneous E1 component of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex. Immunoprecipitation of this phosphoprotein is blocked in a competitive manner by purified branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex. Peptide mapping of the isolated phosphoprotein indicates that two sites on the polypeptide are phosphorylated in the intact cells. Addition of branched-chain 2-oxo acids to the incubation medium causes diminution in the extent of labelling of both phosphorylation sites on the alpha-subunit, an effect presumably mediated via their known inhibitory action on branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase kinase. These observations provide direct evidence for phosphorylation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in intact cells.
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