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1
Gerster, Helga. "International Conference on Antioxidants and Lipid Peroxidation in Atherosclerosis and Cancer (ALPAC), Helsinki, 22–25 August 1995." Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine 6, no. 2 (January 1996): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13590849609001046.
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CHURCH, KENNETH WARD. "Emerging trends: A tribute to Charles Wayne." Natural Language Engineering 24, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324917000389.
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AbstractCharles Wayne restarted funding in speech and language in the mid-1980s after a funding winter brought on by Pierce’s glamour-and-deceit criticisms in the ALPAC report and ‘Whither Speech Recognition’. Wayne introduced a new glamour-and-deceit-proof idea, an emphasis on evaluation. No other sort of program could have been funded at the time, at least in America. One could argue that Wayne has been so successful that the program no longer needs him to continue on. These days, shared tasks and leaderboards have become common place in speech and language (and vision and machine learning) research. That said, I am concerned that the community may not appreciate what it has got until it’s gone. Wayne has been doing much more than merely running competitions, but he did what he did in such a subtle Columbo-like way. Going forward, government funding is being eclipsed by consumer markets. Those of us with research to sell need to find more and more ways to be relevant to potential sponsors given this new world order.
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Majia, Jidi. "Alpaca." Manoa 30, no. 1 (2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2018.0112.
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Wei, Xiao Ying, En Long Yang, Yuan Xue, and Shi Yuan Sun. "Morphology and Performance Analysis of Alpaca and Cashmere Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 1336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.1336.
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Alpaca wool is soft and thin, smooth and delicate, can be applied to many areas of production, such as coat, stuffed shirts, scarves, tapestries, bags, carpets, etc. In this paper, surface morphology and mechanical performance of four kinds of alpaca wool and cashmere were investigated. Fiber diameter, strength and surface morphology of Peru alpaca is similar to Cashmere. Fiber diameter, strength of Peru alpaca is much smaller than those of the other three alpaca wool. The results provide a reference for spinning process development and fiber identification.
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Lawlor, Deborah A., Melanie Lewcock, Louise Rena-Jones, Claire Rollings, Vikki Yip, Daniel Smith, Rebecca M. Pearson, et al. "The second generation of The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC-G2): a cohort profile." Wellcome Open Research 4 (February 20, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15087.1.
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Background: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children-Generation 2 (ALSPAC-G2) was set up to provide a unique multi-generational cohort. It builds on the existing ALSPAC resource, which recruited 14,541 pregnancies to women resident in the South West of England who were expected to deliver between 01/04/1991 and 31/12/1992. Those women and their partners (Generation 0; ALSPAC-G0) and their offspring (ALSPAC-G1) have been followed for the last 26 years. This profile describes recruitment and data collection on the next generation (ALSPAC-G2)—the grandchildren of ALSPAC-G0 and children of ALSPAC-G1. Recruitment: Recruitment began on the 6th of June 2012 and we present details of recruitment and participants up to 30th June 2018 (~6 years). We knew at the start of recruitment that some ALSPAC-G1 participants had already become parents and ALSPAC-G2 is an open cohort; we recruit at any age. We hope to continue recruiting until all ALSPAC-G1 participants have completed their families. Up to 30th June 2018 we recruited 810 ALSPAC-G2 participants from 548 families. Of these 810, 389 (48%) were recruited during their mother’s pregnancy, 287 (35%) before age 3 years, 104 (13%) between 3-6 years and 30 (4%) after 6 years. Over 70% of those invited to early pregnancy, late pregnancy, second week of life, 6-, 12- and 24-month assessments (whether for their recruitment, or a follow-up, visit) have attended, with attendance being over 60% for subsequent visits up to 7 years (to few are eligible for the 9- and 11-year assessments to analyse). Data collection: We collect a wide-range of social, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric and biological data on all family members repeatedly. Biological samples include blood (including cord-blood), urine, meconium and faeces, and placental tissue. In subgroups detailed data collection, such as continuous glucose monitoring and videos of parent-child interactions, are being collected.
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Lawlor, Deborah A., Melanie Lewcock, Louise Rena-Jones, Claire Rollings, Vikki Yip, Daniel Smith, Rebecca M. Pearson, et al. "The second generation of The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC-G2): a cohort profile." Wellcome Open Research 4 (December 16, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15087.2.
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Background: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children-Generation 2 (ALSPAC-G2) was set up to provide a unique multi-generational cohort. It builds on the existing ALSPAC resource, which recruited 14,541 pregnancies to women resident in the South West of England who were expected to deliver between 01/04/1991 and 31/12/1992. Those women and their partners (Generation 0; ALSPAC-G0) and their offspring (ALSPAC-G1) have been followed for the last 27 years. This profile describes recruitment and data collection on the next generation (ALSPAC-G2)—the grandchildren of ALSPAC-G0 and children of ALSPAC-G1. Recruitment: Recruitment began on the 6 th of June 2012 and we present details of recruitment and participants up to 30 th June 2018 (~6 years). We knew at the start of recruitment that some ALSPAC-G1 participants had already become parents and ALSPAC-G2 is an open cohort; we recruit at any age. We hope to continue recruiting until all ALSPAC-G1 participants have completed their families. Up to 30 th June 2018 we recruited 810 ALSPAC-G2 participants from 548 families. Of these 810, 389 (48%) were recruited during their mother’s pregnancy, 287 (35%) before age 3 years, 104 (13%) between 3-6 years and 30 (4%) after 6 years. Over 70% of those invited to early pregnancy, late pregnancy, second week of life, 6-, 12- and 24-month assessments (whether for their recruitment, or a follow-up, visit) have attended, with attendance being over 60% for subsequent visits up to 7 years (too few are eligible for the 9- and 11-year assessments to analyse). Data collection: We collect a wide-range of socioeconomic, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric and biological data on all family members repeatedly. Biological samples include blood (including cord-blood), urine, meconium and faeces, and placental tissue. In subgroups detailed data collection, such as continuous glucose monitoring and videos of parent-child interactions, are being collected.
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Mamani Mondragón, Camilo Vicente, Gustavo Augusto Gutiérrez Reynoso, Polina Perelman, Warren E. Johnson, and Federico Abel Ponce de León Bravo. "Uso de la micromatriz de alta densidad de bovino para la construcción de un mapa físico de polimorfismos de nucleótido simple en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 31, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): e18725. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i3.18725.
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El objetivo del estudio fue desarrollar un mapa físico preliminar de polimorfismos de nucleótido simple (PNSs) en alpaca usando un panel celular híbrido irradiado alpaca/hámster y una micromatriz de genotipado de alta densidad de bovino (BovineHD BeadChip-Illumina). Se realizó el genotipado de 92 clones celulares híbridos irradiados y cuatro muestras control (alpaca macho, alpaca hembra, hámster y 1:10 alpaca/hámster mezcla de ADN) con la micromatriz. Luego del genotipaje de las muestras control del ADN de alpaca y hámster solo se retuvieron PNSs de bovinos que mostraron una frecuencia de señal positiva de 1. Los PNSs identificados en el ADN de alpaca fueron filtrados para sustraer los presentes en el hámster. De estos últimos, solo se retuvieron para el análisis final aquellos que tuvieron una frecuencia de señal positiva de 0.2 a 0.8 para los 92 clones y se eliminaron los PNSs que presentaron falsos positivos. Los restantes PNSs específicos de alpaca fueron tabulados en el formato MapMaker y fueron analizados con el programa Carthagene para identificar grupos de ligamiento. Los grupos ligados fueron ubicados en el genoma referencial Vicugna_pacos-2.0.2, aplicando el programa BLAST y el comando SHORTBLAST, en la plataforma Galaxy. Las dos muestras control de alpaca registraron 294 165 PNSs, con señal positiva en la micromatriz de bovino. La cantidad de PNSs de alpaca, después de eliminar los PNSs positivos comunes con hámster, fue 50 686 y luego de eliminar los posibles falsos positivos quedaron 2924 PNSs. Esta cantidad se analizó con el programa Carthagene y resultó en 33 grupos de ligamiento, con un total de 216 PNSs. Las distancias calculadas entre estos PNSs oscilan entre 65.3 y 671.9 cR, con un logaritmo de probabilidades (LOD) >6.0. Finalmente, se encontraron un total de 31 PNSs en el genoma referencial (E-value<0.05).
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Sampaio, Natalia, Mark Gishen, Kevin Reed, Mel Brown, Daphne Gregory, and Kylie Munyard. "The occurrence and severity of grass toxicoses in Australian alpaca (Vicugna pacos) herds." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 8 (2008): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06325.
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A survey of 108 alpaca producers registered with the Australian Alpaca Association examined the occurrence and severity of ‘staggers’ (a colloquial term embracing various diseases of the nervous system in animals, characterised by neck tremors and head nodding in the milder alpaca cases and a lack of coordination in moving, a staggering gait and frequent falling in severe cases) in Australian alpaca and the presence of four pasture grasses, during three production seasons in 2004–2006. There have been few studies on the susceptibility of alpaca to staggers and its effect on productivity and animal welfare. The survey found that 23% of alpaca producers had observed staggering animals, with Victoria and South Australia being the most severely affected states. Clinical signs of staggers were most frequent in January–March, with a mean duration of 3 months. Some animals showed clinical signs lasting up to 12 months. A strong correlation was found between the presence of perennial ryegrass (P < 0.001) and phalaris (P < 0.003) and the occurrence of staggers. Based on grass presence and the timing when staggers was observed, it was concluded that perennial ryegrass toxicosis was the main cause of staggers in alpaca. About 12% and 9% of alpaca grazing pasture containing perennial ryegrass exhibited staggers in the two full seasons for which data were collected. Herds with staggering animals were correlated with those exhibiting possible subclinical effects – heat sensitivity and ill-thrift (P < 0.01) and reduced fertility (P < 0.05) – of perennial ryegrass endophyte toxins. Results indicate that weanlings and cria are more likely to stagger than adults. Thirteen of the 15 mixed farms with staggering alpaca did not observe staggers in other livestock, suggesting that alpaca may be more sensitive to the causal toxins than sheep and cattle.
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Wang, Hua, Farial Islam Farha, and Hafeezullah Memon. "Influence of Ultraviolet Irradiation and Protease on Scale Structure of Alpaca Wool Fibers." Autex Research Journal 20, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2019-0039.
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AbstractThe present research aimed to explore the influence of different felt-proofing methods on alpaca fibers’ scale structure. Dyed alpaca fibers were exposed to a particular wavelength of ultraviolet (UV) light for different periods and treated with protease to analyze the felt property and compare with untreated fibers. Experimental results have shown that alpaca fibers have better shrinkage resistance and dyeability after being exposed to UV light, whereas no recognizable change was obtained on the surface of alpaca fibers’ scale structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In contrary, enzyme-treated alpaca fibers revealed improved dye rate and resistance to shrinkage. Especially, damaged scales on many areas of fiber surface were appeared by SEM, which indicates that UV may have a positive effect on enzyme treatment by damaging alpaca fibers’ surface structure and promoting the amount of protease going into the fibers’ inner layers. Therefore, eventually a better shrinkage resistance was obtained.
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Silva, Valter H. C., Ademir J. Camargo, Hamilton B. Napolitano, and Anselmo E. de Oliveira. "Estudo Químico Quântico da Adsorção dos Gases O2 e H2 sobre a Ftalocianina de Alumínio." Revista Processos Químicos 2, no. 3 (January 2, 2008): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19142/rpq.v02i03.p23-30.2008.
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Visando o desenvolvimento de novos materiais que possam ser utilizados na construção de sensores químicos seletivos para o oxigênio e dispositivos armazenadores de hidrogênio, cálculos teóricos DFT/B3LYP/6–31G(d) foram realizados nos complexos [AlPc]+ , [AlPc]0 , [(O2 )AlPc]+ , [(O2 )AlPc]0 , [(H2 )AlPc]+ e [(H2 )AlPc]0 com o programa Gaussian03. Os resultados mostram que há uma forte adsorção do O2 na AlPc, tanto no estado oxidado (–44,62 Kcal/mol) quanto no estado reduzido (–108,71Kcal/mol). Essa adsorção química leva a alterações estruturais e eletrônicas da AlPc que possibilita a sua utilização na construção de um sensor químico seletivo para a detecção de O2 . A adsorção física do H2 mostra que a AlPc pode ainda ser usada no desenvolvimento de dispositivos armazenadores de H2.
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Mendoza, Mayra N., Terje Raudsepp, Manuel J. More, Gustavo A. Gutiérrez, and F. Abel Ponce de León. "Cytogenetic Mapping of 35 New Markers in the Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)." Genes 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11050522.
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Alpaca is a camelid species of broad economic, biological and biomedical interest, and an essential part of the cultural and historical heritage of Peru. Recently, efforts have been made to improve knowledge of the alpaca genome, and its genetics and cytogenetics, to develop molecular tools for selection and breeding. Here, we report cytogenetic mapping of 35 new markers to 19 alpaca autosomes and the X chromosome. Twenty-eight markers represent alpaca SNPs, of which 17 are located inside or near protein-coding genes, two are in ncRNA genes and nine are intergenic. The remaining seven markers correspond to candidate genes for fiber characteristics (BMP4, COL1A2, GLI1, SFRP4), coat color (TYR) and development (CHD7, PAX7). The results take the tally of cytogenetically mapped markers in alpaca to 281, covering all 36 autosomes and the sex chromosomes. The new map assignments overall agree with human–camelid conserved synteny data, except for mapping BMP4 to VPA3, suggesting a hitherto unknown homology with HSA14. The findings validate, refine and correct the current alpaca assembly VicPac3.1 by anchoring unassigned sequence scaffolds, and ordering and orienting assigned scaffolds. The study contributes to the improvement in the alpaca reference genome and advances camelid molecular cytogenetics.
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Abdurazakov, Askar Sheralievich. "DRYING OF THE NEW WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER COMPLEX OF ALBENDAZOL WITH PECTIN." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021027028.
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The drying process of the aqueous solution of the complex of Albendazole with pectin (Alpec) in a vacuum oven and by spray drying was studied. It was found that the drying in a nozzle-type spray dryer is preferable in yield and subsequent solubility of the final product. As a result of the studying of the parameters affecting to the drying process, the optimal mode of the dryer was established, which provides the high yield of the dry product: the temperature of the coolant at the inlet is 130–140 °С, the output is 60–70 °С, the solution flow rate is 2.5 l/h·min. The yield of the dry product is 85%.
The comparative IR spectra of Alpec powder after spray drying, after drying in air, the starting Albendazole and pectin unambiguously indicate that the structure of the complex of Albendazole with pectin (Alpec) is identical after different types of drying.
The biological activity of Alpec dry substance after spray drying compared with Albendazole was studied. The increased biological activity of Alpec compared with Albendazole was established, which can, probably, be explained by the good water solubility of Alpec in contrast to Albendazole and, as a consequence, the increase of bioavailability of the drug. It was found that the average lethal dose of Alpec (LD50) is 680 (601.8–768.4) mg·kg-1 (LD50 Albendazole - 400.2–450.4 mg·kg-1), i.e. the drug "Alpec" in terms of acute toxicity during intragastric use is classified as moderately hazardous substances.
On the base of the results obtained, the technology of the obtaining of the anthelmintic drug alpec substance in the form of a water-soluble dry powder has been developed.
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Smith, Daniel, Kate Northstone, Claire Bowring, Nicholas Wells, Michael Crawford, Rebecca M. Pearson, Amy Thomas, Ellen Brooks-Pollock, Deborah A. Lawlor, and Nicholas John Timpson. "The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Generation 2 questionnaire data capture May-July 2020." Wellcome Open Research 5 (November 26, 2020): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16414.1.
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The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 from the Bristol area (UK). ALSPAC has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and their offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. From 2012, ALSPAC has identified G1 participants who were pregnant (or their partner was) or had become parents, and enrolled them, their partners, and children in the ALSPAC-Generation 2 (ALSPAC-G2) study, providing a unique multi-generational cohort. At present, approximately 1,100 G2 children (excluding those in utero) from 810 G1 participants have been enrolled. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, ALSPAC rapidly deployed two online questionnaires; one during the initial lockdown phase in 2020 (9th April-15th May), and another when national lockdown restrictions were eased (26th May-5th July). As part of this second questionnaire, G1 parents completed a questionnaire about each of their G2 children. This covered: parental reports of children’s feelings and behaviour since lockdown, school attendance, contact patterns, and health. A total of 289 G1 participants completed this questionnaire on behalf of 411 G2 children. This COVID-19 G2 questionnaire data can be combined with pre-pandemic ALSPAC-G2 data, plus ALSPAC-G1 and -G0 data, to understand how children’s health and behaviour has been affected by the pandemic and its management. Data from this questionnaire will be complemented with linkage to health records and results of biological testing as they become available. Prospective studies are necessary to understand the impact of this pandemic on children’s health and development, yet few relevant studies exist; this resource will aid these efforts. Data has been released as: 1) a freely-available dataset containing participant responses with key sociodemographic variables; and 2) an ALSPAC-held dataset which can be combined with existing ALSPAC data, enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study.
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Smith, Daniel, Kate Northstone, Claire Bowring, Nicholas Wells, Michael Crawford, Rebecca M. Pearson, Amy Thomas, Ellen Brooks-Pollock, Deborah A. Lawlor, and Nicholas John Timpson. "The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Generation 2 questionnaire data capture May-July 2020." Wellcome Open Research 5 (April 14, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16414.2.
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The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 from the Bristol area (UK). ALSPAC has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and their offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. From 2012, ALSPAC has identified G1 participants who were pregnant (or their partner was) or had become parents, and enrolled them, their partners, and children in the ALSPAC-Generation 2 (ALSPAC-G2) study, providing a unique multi-generational cohort. At present, approximately 1,100 G2 children (excluding those in utero) from 810 G1 participants have been enrolled. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, ALSPAC rapidly deployed two online questionnaires; one during the initial lockdown phase in 2020 (9th April-15th May), and another when national lockdown restrictions were eased (26th May-5th July). As part of this second questionnaire, G1 parents completed a questionnaire about each of their G2 children. This covered: parental reports of children’s feelings and behaviour since lockdown, school attendance, contact patterns, and health. A total of 289 G1 participants completed this questionnaire on behalf of 411 G2 children. This COVID-19 G2 questionnaire data can be combined with pre-pandemic ALSPAC-G2 data, plus ALSPAC-G1 and -G0 data, to understand how children’s health and behaviour has been affected by the pandemic and its management. Data from this questionnaire will be complemented with linkage to health records and results of biological testing as they become available. Prospective studies are necessary to understand the impact of this pandemic on children’s health and development, yet few relevant studies exist; this resource will aid these efforts. Data has been released as: 1) a freely-available dataset containing participant responses with key sociodemographic variables; and 2) an ALSPAC-held dataset which can be combined with existing ALSPAC data, enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study.
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COOK, G. O. "ALPAL, A PROGRAM TO GENERATE PHYSICS SIMULATION CODES FROM NATURAL DESCRIPTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 01, no. 01 (April 1990): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183190000025.
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A Livermore Physics Applications Language (ALPAL), a new computer language, is described. ALPAL is a tool that generates a Fortran code module from a natural description of a physics model. This capability gives the computational physicist a significant productivity boost. While ALPAL is a working computer program, significant additions are being made to it. Some of the factors that make ALPAL an important tool are: first, it eliminates many sources of errors; second, it permits building program modules with far greater speed than is otherwise possible; third, it provides a means of specifying many numerical algorithms; and fourth, it is a language that is close to a journal-style presentation of physics models and numerical methods for solving them. In sum, ALPAL is designed to magnify the abilities and creativity of computational physicists.
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Fichtner, Alina S., Mohindar M. Karunakaran, Siyi Gu, Christopher T. Boughter, Marta T. Borowska, Lisa Starick, Anna Nöhren, Thomas W. Göbel, Erin J. Adams, and Thomas Herrmann. "Alpaca (Vicugna pacos), the first nonprimate species with a phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 12 (March 5, 2020): 6697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909474117.
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Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are a major γδ T cell population in the human blood expressing a characteristic Vγ9JP rearrangement paired with Vδ2. This cell subset is activated in a TCR-dependent and MHC-unrestricted fashion by so-called phosphoantigens (PAgs). PAgs can be microbial [(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate, HMBPP] or endogenous (isopentenyl pyrophosphate, IPP) and PAg sensing depends on the expression of B7-like butyrophilin (BTN3A, CD277) molecules. IPP increases in some transformed or aminobisphosphonate-treated cells, rendering those cells a target for Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in immunotherapy. Yet, functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cells have only been described in humans and higher primates. Using a genome-based study, we showed in silico translatable genes encoding Vγ9, Vδ2, and BTN3 in a few nonprimate mammalian species. Here, with the help of new monoclonal antibodies, we directly identified a T cell population in the alpaca (Vicugna pacos), which responds to PAgs in a BTN3-dependent fashion and shows typicalTRGV9- andTRDV2-like rearrangements. T cell receptor (TCR) transductants andBTN3-deficient human 293T cells reconstituted with alpaca or human BTN3 or alpaca/human BTN3 chimeras showed that alpaca Vγ9Vδ2 TCRs recognize PAg in the context of human and alpaca BTN3. Furthermore, alpaca BTN3 mediates PAg recognition much better than human BTN3A1 alone and this improved functionality mapped to the transmembrane/cytoplasmic part of alpaca BTN3. In summary, we found remarkable similarities but also instructive differences of PAg-recognition by human and alpaca, which help in better understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the activation of this prominent population of γδ T cells.
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Zheng, Liqin, Yipeng He, Pingping Lin, Lina Liu, Hongqin Yang, Yiru Peng, and Shusen Xie. "Spectroscopic analysis of the interaction between tetra-(p-sulfoazophenyl-4-aminosulfonyl)-substituted aluminum (III) phthalocyanines and serum albumins." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 10, no. 02 (March 2017): 1650043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545816500437.
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The binding interaction between tetra-(p-sulfoazophenyl-4-aminosulfonyl)-substituted aluminum (III) phthalocyanine (AlPc), and two-serum albumins (bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA)) has been investigated. AlPc could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and HSA through a static quenching process. The primary and secondary binding sites of AlPc on BSA were domain I and III of BSA. The primary binding site of AlPc on HSA was domain I, and the secondary binding sites of AlPc on HSA were found at domains I and II. Our results suggest that AlPc readily interact with BSA and HSA implying that the amphiphilic substituents AlPc may contribute to their transportation in the blood.
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García-Arriaza, Juan, Beatriz Perdiguero, Jonathan Heeney, Michael Seaman, David C. Montefiori, Celia Labranche, Nicole L. Yates, et al. "Head-to-Head Comparison of Poxvirus NYVAC and ALVAC Vectors Expressing Identical HIV-1 Clade C Immunogens in Prime-Boost Combination with Env Protein in Nonhuman Primates." Journal of Virology 89, no. 16 (June 3, 2015): 8525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01265-15.
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ABSTRACTWe compared the HIV-1-specific cellular and humoral immune responses elicited in rhesus macaques immunized with two poxvirus vectors (NYVAC and ALVAC) expressing the same HIV-1 antigens from clade C, Env gp140 as a trimeric cell-released protein and a Gag-Pol-Nef polyprotein as Gag-induced virus-like particles (VLPs) (referred to as NYVAC-C and ALVAC-C). The immunization protocol consisted of two doses of the corresponding poxvirus vector plus two doses of a combination of the poxvirus vector and a purified HIV-1 gp120 protein from clade C. This immunogenicity profile was also compared to that elicited by vaccine regimens consisting of two doses of the ALVAC vector expressing HIV-1 antigens from clades B/E (ALVAC-vCP1521) plus two doses of a combination of ALVAC-vCP1521 and HIV-1 gp120 protein from clades B/E (similar to the RV144 trial regimen) or clade C. The results showed that immunization of macaques with NYVAC-C stimulated at different times more potent HIV-1-specific CD4+T-cell responses and induced a trend toward higher-magnitude HIV-1-specific CD8+T-cell immune responses than did ALVAC-C. Furthermore, NYVAC-C induced a trend toward higher levels of binding IgG antibodies against clade C HIV-1 gp140, gp120, or murine leukemia virus (MuLV) gp70-scaffolded V1/V2 and toward best cross-clade-binding IgG responses against HIV-1 gp140 from clades A, B, and group M consensus, than did ALVAC-C. Of the linear binding IgG responses, most were directed against the V3 loop in all immunization groups. Additionally, NYVAC-C and ALVAC-C also induced similar levels of HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses. Interestingly, binding IgA antibody levels against HIV-1 gp120 or MuLV gp70-scaffolded V1/V2 were absent or very low in all immunization groups. Overall, these results provide a comprehensive survey of the immunogenicity of NYVAC versus ALVAC expressing HIV-1 antigens in nonhuman primates and indicate that NYVAC may represent an alternative candidate to ALVAC in the development of a future HIV-1 vaccine.IMPORTANCEThe finding of a safe and effective HIV/AIDS vaccine immunogen is one of the main research priorities. Here, we generated two poxvirus-based HIV vaccine candidates (NYVAC and ALVAC vectors) expressing the same clade C HIV-1 antigens in separate vectors, and we analyzed in nonhuman primates their immunogenicity profiles. The results showed that immunization with NYVAC-C induced a trend toward higher HIV-1-specific cellular and humoral immune responses than did ALVAC-C, indicating that this new NYVAC vector could be a novel optimized HIV/AIDS vaccine candidate for human clinical trials.
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Frey, Sharon E., Laurence Peiperl, M. Juliana McElrath, Spyros Kalams, Paul A. Goepfert, Michael C. Keefer, Lindsey R. Baden, et al. "Phase I/II Randomized Trial of Safety and Immunogenicity of LIPO-5 Alone, ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) Alone, and ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) Prime/LIPO-5 Boost in Healthy, HIV-1-Uninfected Adult Participants." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 11 (September 24, 2014): 1589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00450-14.
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ABSTRACTFinding an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine remains a major global health priority. In a phase I/II, placebo-controlled trial, healthy, HIV-1-negative adults were randomized to receive one of 5 vaccine regimens: LIPO-5 (combination of 5 lipopeptides) alone (250 μg), ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) alone, or 3 groups of ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) followed by ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) plus LIPO-5 (250, 750, and 2,500 μg). Only 73/174 participants (42%) received all four vaccinations due to a study halt related to myelitis. There were no significant differences in systemic reactions between groups or in local reactogenicity between groups receiving ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452). Significant differences in local reactogenicity occurred between groups receiving LIPO-5 (P≤ 0.05). Gag and Env antibodies were undetectable by ELISA 2 weeks after the fourth vaccination for all but one recipient. Antibodies to Gag and Env were present in 32% and 24% of recipients of ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) alone and in 47% and 35% of ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452)+LIPO recipients, respectively. Coadministration of LIPO-5 did not significantly increase the response rate compared to ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) alone, nor was there a significant relationship between dose and antibody responses among ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452)+LIPO groups. Over 90% of study participants had no positive gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot) responses to any peptide pool at any time point. The study was halted due to a case of myelitis possibly related to the LIPO-5 vaccine; this case of myelitis remains an isolated event. In general, there was no appreciable cell-mediated immunity detected in response to the vaccines used in this study, and antibody responses were limited. The clinical trial is registered onClinicalTrials.govwith registry number NCT00076063.
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Genova, Suzanne G., Robert N. Streeter, Katharine M. Simpson, and Sanjay Kapil. "Detection of an Antigenic Group 2 Coronavirus in an Adult Alpaca with Enteritis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, no. 10 (August 20, 2008): 1629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00232-08.
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ABSTRACT Antigenic group 2 coronavirus was detected in a fecal sample of an adult alpaca by reverse transcription-PCR. The presence of alpaca coronavirus (ApCoV) in the small intestine was demonstrated by immune histochemistry with an antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibody that reacts with group 2 coronaviruses. Other common causes of diarrhea in adult camelids were not detected. We conclude that nutritional stress may have predisposed the alpaca to severe ApCoV infection.
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Ponomareva, Arina, and Irina Sycheva. "Biological features and productivity of Alpaca." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 35, no. 4 (2019): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1904417p.
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Alpaca domestication took place more than 6000 years ago. The Indians of Peru discerned the potential in these animals, tamed them and began to breed. In the past, alpacas were called the ?Inca gold?: they could provide people with all the necessary resources for living. People dressed in skins, ate meat, spun wool and made clothes, and used manure as fuel. An increase in the number of livestock on the Russian Alpaca and Capri farms favorably affects the further distribution of alpaca as a species in Russia. The possibility of recognition of alpaca as an agricultural animal will be the sale of wool, its processing, as well as the rejection of imported raw materials.
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Chandramohan, Bathrachalam, Carlo Renieri, Vincenzo La Manna, and Antonietta La Terza. "The AlpacaMelanocortin 1 Receptor: Gene Mutations, Transcripts, and Relative Levels of Expression in Ventral Skin Biopsies." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/265751.
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The objectives of the present study were to characterize theMC1Rgene, its transcripts and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coat color in alpaca. Full length cDNA amplification revealed the presence of two transcripts, named as F1 and F2, differing only in the length of their 5′-terminal untranslated region (UTR) sequences and presenting a color specific expression. Whereas the F1 transcript was common to white and colored (black and brown) alpaca phenotypes, the shorter F2 transcript was specific to white alpaca. Further sequencing of theMC1Rgene in white and colored alpaca identified a total of twelve SNPs; among those nine (four silent mutations (c.126C>A, c.354T>C, c.618G>A, and c.933G>A); five missense mutations (c.82A>G, c.92C>T, c.259A>G, c.376A>G, and c.901C>T)) were observed in coding region and three in the 3′UTR. A 4 bp deletion (c.224 227del) was also identified in the coding region. Molecular segregation analysis uncovered that the combinatory mutations in theMC1Rlocus could cause eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in alpaca. Overall, our data refine what is known about theMC1Rgene and provides additional information on its role in alpaca pigmentation.
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Маклыгина, Ю. С., И. Д. Романишкин, А. В. Рябова, И. В. Якавец, Л. Болотин, and В. Б. Лощёнов. "Исследование свойств трехмерной клеточной модели опухоли с использованием нанофотосенсибилизатора в качестве новой предклинической модели." НАНОМЕДИЦИНА, no. 6 (December 30, 2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/vrgmu.2018.079.
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Ввиду своих особенностей наночастицы (НЧ), состоящие из фталоцианина алюминия (НЧ AlPc), являются перспективным фотосенсибилизатором. НЧ AlPc не флуоресцируют в свободной наноформе, слабо флуоресцируют в нормальной ткани, сильно — в опухолях и очень сильно — в макрофагах. НЧ AlPc обладают уникальной особенностью приобретать способность к флуоресценции и фототоксичности в контакте с некоторыми биокомпонентами. При этом тип биокомпонентов, связывающихся с НЧ AlPc, влияет на интенсивность, время жизни и спектральное распределение флуоресценции. Целью работы было исследовать особенности захвата нанофотосенсибилизатора в 3D-моделях клеточных культур. Полученные данные демонстрируют захват НЧ AlPc клетками внутри сфероида в течение первого часа по росту флуоресцентного сигнала. Обнаружена гетерогенность клеточных 3D-моделей по анализу изменения сигнала флуоресценции НЧ AlPc внутри сфероида. В результате лазерного облучения (двухфотонного возбуждения с λ = 780/390 нм) наблюдали фотобличинг флуоресценции, который, вероятно, связан с деактивацией НЧ AlPc. Таким образом, созданная модель, состоящая из клеточной 3D-культуры с НЧ AlPc, позволяет лучше оценивать метаболитические процессы в клетках, чем монослойные клеточные 2D-культуры. Кроме того, модель позволяет оценивать фотодинамический эффект в зависимости от фенотипичных свойств различных областей в гетерогенной 3D-структуре.
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Gutiérrez-Escobar, Andrés Julián, Gina Méndez-Callejas, Orlando Acevedo, and Maria Mercedes Bravo. "Rapid evolution of the Helicobacter pylori AlpA adhesin in a high gastric cancer risk region from Colombia." PeerJ 6 (May 25, 2018): e4846. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4846.
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To be able to survive, Helicobacter pylori must adhere to the gastric epithelial cells of its human host. For this purpose, the bacterium employs an array of adhesins, for example, AlpA. The adhesin AlpA has been proposed as a major adhesin because of its critical role in human stomach colonization. Therefore, understanding how AlpA evolved could be important for the development of new diagnostic strategies. However, the genetic variation and microevolutionary patterns of alpA have not been described in Colombia. The study aim was to describe the variation patterns and microevolutionary process of alpA in Colombian clinical isolates of H. pylori. The existing polymorphisms, which are deviations from the neutral model of molecular evolution, and the genetic differentiation of the alpA gene from Colombian clinical isolates of H. pylori were determined. The analysis shows that gene conversion and purifying selection have shaped the evolution of three different variants of alpA in Colombia.
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Hammerton, Gemma, Joseph Murray, Barbara Maughan, Fernando C. Barros, Helen Gonçalves, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Matthew Hickman, and Jon Heron. "Childhood Behavioural Problems and Adverse Outcomes in Early Adulthood: a Comparison of Brazilian and British Birth Cohorts." Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology 5, no. 4 (October 27, 2019): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40865-019-00126-3.
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Abstract Purpose Examine associations between childhood behavioural problems with criminal behaviour, emotional disorders, substance use and unemployment in early adulthood in two birth cohorts from a middle- and high-income country. Methods Data were utilised from large, prospective birth cohorts in Brazil (1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort; N = 3939) and the UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; ALSPAC; N = 5079). Behavioural problems were reported on by parents at age 11 years (including disobeys, temper, lies, fights, steals). Outcomes (assessed with youth between ages 22 and 24 years) included criminal behaviour, emotional disorders, substance use and NEET (not in education, employment or training). Results In both cohorts, children with ‘conduct problems’ (those with increased probability of all five behaviours at age 11), were at higher risk of criminal behaviour, emotional disorders and NEET in adulthood compared to those with ‘low problems’. Associations for ‘conduct problems’ were stronger in Pelotas compared to ALSPAC for hazardous alcohol use [Pelotas: risk ratio = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.14–1.70; ALSPAC: risk ratio = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.57–1.02] and illegal drug use [Pelotas: risk ratio = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.16–1.50; ALSPAC: risk ratio = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.91–1.20], whereas associations for criminal behaviour [Pelotas: risk ratio = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.29–2.86; ALSPAC: risk ratio = 2.75, 95% CI = 2.04–3.73] and NEET [Pelotas: risk ratio = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.13–1.70; ALSPAC: risk ratio = 3.04, 95% CI = 1.99–4.65] were stronger in ALSPAC. Conclusions Childhood conduct problems were associated with criminal behaviour, emotional disorders and unemployment in adulthood in both Brazil and the UK. Additional associations were found for substance use in Brazil.
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PINARES-PATIÑO, C. S., M. J. ULYATT, G. C. WAGHORN, K. R. LASSEY, T. N. BARRY, C. W. HOLMES, and D. E. JOHNSON. "Methane emission by alpaca and sheep fed on lucerne hay or grazed on pastures of perennial ryegrass/white clover or birdsfoot trefoil." Journal of Agricultural Science 140, no. 2 (March 2003): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960300306x.
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Based on the knowledge that alpaca (Lama pacos) have a lower fractional outflow rate of feed particles (particulate FOR) from their forestomach than sheep (San Martin 1987), the current study measured methane (CH4) production and other digestion parameters in these species in three successive experiments (1, 2 and 3): Experiment 1, lucerne hay fed indoors; Experiment 2, grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture (PRG/WC); and Experiment 3, grazed on birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) pasture (Lotus). Six male alpaca and six castrated Romney sheep were simultaneously and successively fed on the forages either ad libitum or at generous herbage allowances (grazing). CH4 production (g/day) (using the sulphur hexafluoride tracer technique), voluntary feed intake (VFI), diet quality, and protozoa counts and volatile fatty acid concentrations in samples of forestomach contents were determined. In addition, feed digestibility, energy and nitrogen (N) balances and microbial N supply from the forestomach (using purine derivatives excretion) were measured in Experiment 1.Diets selected by alpaca were of lower quality than those selected by sheep, and the voluntary gross energy intakes (GEI, MJ) per kg of liveweight0·75 were consistently lower (P<0·001) for the alpaca than for the sheep (0·74 v. 1·36, 0·61 v. 1·32 and 0·77 v. 2·53 on lucerne hay, PRG/WC and Lotus, respectively). Alpaca and sheep did not differ (P>0·05) in their CH4 yields (% GEI) when fed on lucerne hay (5·1 v. 4·7), but alpaca had a higher CH4 yield when fed on PRG/WC (9·4 v. 7·5, P<0·05) and Lotus (6·4 v. 2·7, P<0·001). When grazing on Lotus, the sheep had very high protozoa counts in their forestomach contents, compared with those with the other forages and those in the alpaca. On lucerne hay and Lotus, but not on PRG/WC, the alpaca had higher (P<0·01) acetate/propionate ratio in their forestomach fluid than sheep. When fed on lucerne hay, alpaca and sheep did not differ (P>0·05) in diet N partition or microbial N yield, but alpaca had higher (P<0·05) neutral detergent fibre digestibility (0·478 v. 0·461) and lower (P<0·01) urinary energy losses (5·2 v. 5·8 % GEI) than sheep. It is suggested that differences between these species in forestomach particulate FOR might have been the underlying physiological mechanism responsible for the differences in CH4 yield, although the between-species differences in VFI and diet quality also had a major effect on it.
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Takita, Masato. "The ALPACA Project." EPJ Web of Conferences 145 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201614501002.
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Takita, Masato. "The ALPACA Project." EPJ Web of Conferences 145 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714501002.
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Turner, Andrea. "‘Off colour’ alpaca." In Practice 37, no. 8 (September 2015): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.h4390.
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Crispin Cunya, Marianella. "Análisis comparativo de la productividad y distribución de fibra de alpaca entre Huancavelica y Puno." Pensamiento Crítico 11 (September 8, 2014): 033. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/pc.v11i0.9007.
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La fibra de alpaca es uno de los productos finales de la crianza de distintos tipos de ganado, pero la región es netamente reconocida como zona alpaquera, por lo cual la venta de fibra de alpaca es una de las fuentes permanentes de ingresos para estas familias andinas. No obstante, como es sabido, la fibra de alpaca tiene bajos precios en el mercado local debido a los bajos niveles de calidad, la presencia de intermediarios y una débil organización entre algunos de los factores limitantes.
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Mendoza, Galy, Luisa Echevarría, Cielo Llerena, Alejandra Castro, María Domínguez, Susana Gómez, Marcelo Ghezzi, and Claudio Barbeito. "Comparación morfológica entre el útero fetal y el útero adulto de la alpaca (Vicugna pacos) y la llama (Lama glama)." Salud y Tecnología Veterinaria 1, no. 1 (May 13, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/stv.v1i1.103.
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Objetivos: Comparar los aspectos morfológicos del tracto genital fetal y adulto de la alpaca y la llama. Material y métodos: se realizó el estudio anatómico del útero de cinco fetos de llama y cinco fetos de alpaca, ambos de tercer tercio de gestación, once úteros de alpacas adultas y cinco úteros de llamasadultas. Las muestras de útero se estudiaron por observación anatómica y morfometría. Resultados: Mediante los estudios morfométricos se pudo observar que existía diferencia significativa en el tamaño de ambos cuernos uterinosa favor del lado izquierdo. La relación existente entre el cuerno uterino derecho y el cuerno uterino izquierdo en la alpaca adulta es de 0,79 y en la llama adulta la razón de las medidas es mayor, 0,85 para la longitud y 0,87 para el ancho. En los úteros fetales tanto en llama como en alpaca, se observó que existía diferencia significativa entre el tamaño del cuerno uterino izquierdo y el cuerno uterino derecho a favor del lado izquierdo. Conclusiones:Se concluye que existe similitud entre la forma del útero en los fetos de llama y alpaca en relación al útero de la correspondiente hembra adulta.
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Ignatius, Ralf, Mary Marovich, Erin Mehlhop, Loreley Villamide, Karsten Mahnke, William I. Cox, Frank Isdell, et al. "Canarypox Virus-Induced Maturation of Dendritic Cells Is Mediated by Apoptotic Cell Death and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion." Journal of Virology 74, no. 23 (December 1, 2000): 11329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.23.11329-11338.2000.
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ABSTRACT Recombinant avipox viruses are being widely evaluated as vaccines. To address how these viruses, which replicate poorly in mammalian cells, might be immunogenic, we studied how canarypox virus (ALVAC) interacts with primate antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). When human and rhesus macaque monocyte-derived DCs were exposed to recombinant ALVAC, immature DCs were most susceptible to infection. However, many of the infected cells underwent apoptotic cell death, and dying infected cells were engulfed by uninfected DCs. Furthermore, a subset of DCs matured in the ALVAC-exposed DC cultures. DC maturation coincided with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion and was significantly blocked in the presence of anti-TNF-α antibodies. Interestingly, inhibition of apoptosis with a caspase 3 inhibitor also reduced some of the maturation induced by exposure to ALVAC. This indicates that both TNF-α and the presence of primarily apoptotic cells contributed to DC maturation. Therefore, infection of immature primate DCs with ALVAC results in apoptotic death of infected cells, which can be internalized by noninfected DCs driving DC maturation in the presence of the TNF-α secreted concomitantly by exposed cells. This suggests an important mechanism that may influence the immunogenicity of avipox virus vectors.
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Jevit, Matthew J., Brian W. Davis, Caitlin Castaneda, Andrew Hillhouse, Rytis Juras, Vladimir A. Trifonov, Ahmed Tibary, Jorge C. Pereira, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith, and Terje Raudsepp. "An 8.22 Mb Assembly and Annotation of the Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Y Chromosome." Genes 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010105.
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The unique evolutionary dynamics and complex structure make the Y chromosome the most diverse and least understood region in the mammalian genome, despite its undisputable role in sex determination, development, and male fertility. Here we present the first contig-level annotated draft assembly for the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Y chromosome based on hybrid assembly of short- and long-read sequence data of flow-sorted Y. The latter was also used for cDNA selection providing Y-enriched testis transcriptome for annotation. The final assembly of 8.22 Mb comprised 4.5 Mb of male specific Y (MSY) and 3.7 Mb of the pseudoautosomal region. In MSY, we annotated 15 X-degenerate genes and two novel transcripts, but no transposed sequences. Two MSY genes, HSFY and RBMY, are multicopy. The pseudoautosomal boundary is located between SHROOM2 and HSFY. Comparative analysis shows that the small and cytogenetically distinct alpaca Y shares most of MSY sequences with the larger dromedary and Bactrian camel Y chromosomes. Most of alpaca X-degenerate genes are also shared with other mammalian MSYs, though WWC3Y is Y-specific only in alpaca/camels and the horse. The partial alpaca Y assembly is a starting point for further expansion and will have applications in the study of camelid populations and male biology.
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Kwong, Alex S. F. "Examining the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)." Wellcome Open Research 4 (August 22, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15395.1.
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Depression during adolescence is associated with a number of negative outcomes in later life. Research has examined the longitudinal nature of adolescent depression in order to identify patterns of depressive mood, the early antecedents and later consequences. However, rich longitudinal data is needed to better address these questions. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is an intergenerational birth cohort with nine repeated assessments of depressive symptoms throughout late childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. Depressive symptoms are measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Many studies have used ALSPAC to examine the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in combination with the wealth of early life exposure and later outcome data. This data note provides a summary of the SMFQ data, where the data are stored in ALSPAC, the characteristics and distribution of the SMFQ, and highlights some considerations for researchers wanting to use the SMFQ data in ALSPAC.
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Kwong, Alex S. F. "Examining the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)." Wellcome Open Research 4 (October 4, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15395.2.
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Depression during adolescence is associated with a number of negative outcomes in later life. Research has examined the longitudinal nature of adolescent depression in order to identify patterns of depressive mood, the early antecedents and later consequences. However, rich longitudinal data is needed to better address these questions. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is an intergenerational birth cohort with nine repeated assessments of depressive symptoms throughout late childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. Depressive symptoms are measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Many studies have used ALSPAC to examine the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in combination with the wealth of early life exposure and later outcome data. This data note provides a summary of the SMFQ data, where the data are stored in ALSPAC, the characteristics and distribution of the SMFQ, and highlights some considerations for researchers wanting to use the SMFQ data in ALSPAC.
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Kershaw-Young, Claire M., G. Evans, and W. M. C. Maxwell. "Glycosaminoglycans in the accessory sex glands, testes and seminal plasma of alpaca and ram." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 2 (2012): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd11152.
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The viscous nature of alpaca semen limits its use in cryopreservation and other assisted reproductive technologies. The cause and source of this viscosity is unknown although it has been postulated, but never proven, that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) secreted by the bulbourethral gland are responsible. The present study investigated the concentration and composition of GAGs in alpaca seminal plasma, testes, bulbourethral gland and prostate gland and compared them to those in the ram to determine the relationship between seminal plasma GAGs and viscosity and to identify the source of seminal plasma GAGs. Alpaca seminal plasma contained more GAGs than ram (P < 0.001) and the predominant GAG, keratan sulfate, was correlated with viscosity (P = 0.05, R2 = 0.2635). The alpaca bulbourethral gland contained most GAGs compared with prostate or testis (P < 0.001). In the ram, the prostate contained most GAGs. These findings suggest that GAGs, particularly keratan sulfate, may be the cause of seminal plasma viscosity in alpacas, and that the seminal plasma GAGs originate from the bulbourethral gland.
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Díaz-Garay, Bertha, Rosa Patricia Larios-Francia, Wilfredo Hernández Gorritti, Rafael Chávez Ugaz, Carlos Alberto Gálvez Zárate, Andrés Condori Ticona, and Teodosio Huanca Mamani. "Diagnóstico del proceso artesanal de producción de hilo de fibra de alpaca en Puno, Perú." Ingeniería Industrial, no. 40 (2021): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26439/ing.ind2021.n40.5149.
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Esta investigación buscaba conocer el estado actual del proceso artesanal de producción de hilo de fibra de alpaca, de la región de Puno en el Perú. Por tal motivo, se realizó un estudio con una perspectiva de alcance descriptivo y exploratorio, teniendo como unidad de análisis a los alpaqueros, artesanos, productores medianos y algunos directivos del sector textil. Se diseñó una investigación documental para obtener datos cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre la producción del hilado de alpaca. En el 2019 se hizo la investigación de campo para recolectar los datos directamente de las comunidades alpaqueras, obteniendo información sobre los métodos del proceso de producción de hilos de fibra de alpaca. Se concluyó que la fabricación artesanal de hilo de alpaca mantiene, principalmente, un proceso manual, sin embargo, se han incorporado pequeñas máquinas como la abridora y la de hilatura, compuestas de dispositivos mecánicos simples, con la finalidad de reducir el tiempo de producción de la fibra y mejorar la calidad del hilo obtenido.
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Maklygina, YuS, ID Romanishkin, AV Ryabova, IV Yakavec, L. Bolotin, and VB Loschenov. "A novel spheroid model for preclinical intercellular nanophotosensitizer-mediated tumor study." NANOMEDICINE, no. 6 (December 30, 2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2018.079.
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Aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles (NP AlPc) possess the features that make them a promising photosensitizer. In particular, AlPc NPs do not fluoresce in free nanoform, fluoresce weakly in normal tissue, strongly in tumors and very strongly in macrophages. Also, such particles fluoresce and become phototoxic when contacting certain biocomponents. The type of biocomponents that bind to AlPc NPS defines intensity, lifetime, and spectral distribution of the fluorescence. This study aimed to investigate the peculiarities of nanophotosensitizer capturing in 3D models of cell cultures. The data obtained demonstrate that AlPc NPs are captured by cells inside the spheroid in the course of the first hour, as the fluorescent signal's growth shows. Having analyzed the fluctuations of the fluorescence signal of AlPc NPs inside a spheroid, we have also discovered that the cellular 3D models are heterogeneous. Laser irradiation (two-photon excitation at λ = 780/390 nm) resulted in photobleaching of fluorescence, which is probably associated with AlPc NP deactivation. Thus, the created model comprised of a 3D cell culture and AlPc NPs provides a better insight into metabolic processes in cells than monolayer 2D cell cultures. Besides, the model allows to evaluate the photodynamic effect depending on phenotypic properties of various areas in the heterogeneous 3D-structure.
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Reed, Kent M., Miranda M. Bauer, Kristelle M. Mendoza, and Aníbal G. Armién. "A candidate gene for choanal atresia in alpaca." Genome 53, no. 3 (March 2010): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g09-100.
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Choanal atresia (CA) is a common nasal craniofacial malformation in New World domestic camelids (alpaca and llama). CA results from abnormal development of the nasal passages and is especially debilitating to newborn crias. CA in camelids shares many of the clinical manifestations of a similar condition in humans (CHARGE syndrome). Herein we report on the regulatory gene CHD7 of alpaca, whose homologue in humans is most frequently associated with CHARGE. Sequence of the CHD7 coding region was obtained from a non-affected cria. The complete coding region was 9003 bp, corresponding to a translated amino acid sequence of 3000 aa. Additional genomic sequences corresponding to a significant portion of the CHD7 gene were identified and assembled from the 2× alpaca whole genome sequence, providing confirmatory sequence for much of the CHD7 coding region. The alpaca CHD7 mRNA sequence was 97.9% similar to the human sequence, with the greatest sequence difference being an insertion in exon 38 that results in a polyalanine repeat (A12). Polymorphism in this repeat was tested for association with CA in alpaca by cloning and sequencing the repeat from both affected and non-affected individuals. Variation in length of the poly-A repeat was not associated with CA. Complete sequencing of the CHD7 gene will be necessary to determine whether other mutations in CHD7 are the cause of CA in camelids.
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Boyd, Andy, Alison Teyhan, Rosie P. Cornish, Jazz Croft, Richard Thomas, Iain Brennan, and John Macleod. "The potential for linking cohort participants to official criminal records: a pilot study using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)." Wellcome Open Research 5 (November 17, 2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16328.1.
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Introduction: Linking longitudinal cohort resources with police-recorded records of criminal activity has the potential to inform public health style approaches and may reduce potential sources of bias from self-reported criminal data collected by cohort studies. A pilot linkage to police records in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) allows us to consider the acceptability of this linkage, its utility as a data resource, differences in self-reported crime according to consent status for data linkage, and the appropriate governance mechanism to support such a linkage. Methods: We carried out a pilot study that linked data from the ALSPAC birth cohort to Ministry of Justice (MoJ) records on criminal cautions and convictions. This pilot was conducted on a fully anonymous basis, meaning we cannot link the identified records to any participant or the wider information within the dataset. Using ALSPAC data, we used summary statistics to investigate differences in self-reported criminal activity according to socio-economic background and consent status. We used MoJ records to identify the geographic and temporal concentration of criminality in the ALSPAC cohort. Results: We found that the linkage appears acceptable to participants (4% of the sample opted out), levels of criminality are high enough to support research and that the majority of crimes occurred in Avon & Somerset (the policing area local to ALSPAC). Both those who opted out of linkage or did not respond to consent requests had higher levels of self-reported criminal behaviour compared to participants who provided explicit consent. Conclusions: These findings suggest that data linkage in ALSPAC provides opportunities to study criminal behaviour and that linked individual-level records can provide robust research in the area. Our findings also suggest the potential for bias when only using samples that have explicitly consented to data linkage, highlighting the limitations of opt-in consent strategies.
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Kovačič, Neda. "Omrežje občin - povezanost v Alpah - projekt, ki živi." Dela, no. 13 (December 1, 1999): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.13.293-300.
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V prispevku so predstavljene osnovne značilnosti projekta Omrežje občin - povezanost v Alpah, ki je kot pilotni projekt potekal leta 1997. V projekt je bila vključena tudi občina Kranjska gora, ki je v skladu z osnovnima vodiloma projekta, to je sonaravni razvoj in varovanja okolja v Alpah, izdelala in delno realizirala tudi nekaj konkretnih projektov.
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Ponce Ramírez, Juan C. "Influencia del ultrasonido aplicado al deshidratado convectivo de carne de alpaca (Vicugna pacos) en la mejora de su calidad." Investigación 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51440/unsch.revistainvestigacion.2018.1.68.
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El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la influencia del ultrasonido aplicado al deshidratado convectivo de camne de la alpaca (Vicugna pacos) en la mejora de su calidad. Para ello se utilize un equipo de ultrasonido ELMASONIC de 37kHz. Se caracterizo la carne de alpaca fresca y deshidratada proveniente de Wayrhccasa eh el distrito de Vinchos, provincia de Huamanga utilizando protocolos estandarizados; además se optimizo las variables Potepeia de ultrasonido (30-50 w), carga (0,25-0,50 kg/m2) y temperatura (50-60 C), utilizando un diseño central compuesto rotable con la aplicación de la metodología de superficie de respuesta (MRS) que maximizo la calidad comercial. Los rebultados de la caracterización de la carne de alpaca, fueron: humedad 73,22%, proteínas 22,12%, grasa 1,98% y cenizas 0,88%. La carne deshidratada alcanzo valores de Humedad (18,11%), proteína, (62,27%), grasa (6,67%), siendo superior a la carne deshidrata tradicional. Las condiciones optimas para la carne de alpacal deshidratada con ultrasonido fueron: (X1: 35,6 watt, X2: kg/m2 X3:50 9C), permitiendo obtener un charqui de mejor calidad comercial (Y: 2,59), este modelo propuesto tuvo una buena correlación con los datos experimentales (p>0,05). La carne de alpaca deshidratada con ultrasonido (M1) alcanzo valores menores de índice de peróxido (21,99 meq/g), variación de color (AC 1,52) y recuento de mesófilos (<1,45 ufe/g), presentando mejor calidad al compararlo con la carne de alpaca deshidratada comercial (M2).
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Papp, Gy. "Alpay Kelâmi 1936–1992." International Urology and Nephrology 24, no. 4 (July 1992): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02550622.
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Kershaw, C. M., G. Evans, R. Rodney, and W. M. C. Maxwell. "Papain and its inhibitor E-64 reduce camelid semen viscosity without impairing sperm function and improve post-thaw motility rates." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 6 (2017): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd15261.
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In camelids, the development of assisted reproductive technologies is impaired by the viscous nature of the semen. The protease papain has shown promise in reducing viscosity, although its effect on sperm integrity is unknown. The present study determined the optimal papain concentration and exposure time to reduce seminal plasma viscosity and investigated the effect of papain and its inhibitor E-64 on sperm function and cryopreservation in alpacas. Papain (0.1 mg mL–1, 20 min, 37°C) eliminated alpaca semen viscosity while maintaining sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity. Furthermore E-64 (10 µM at 37°C for 5 min after 20 min papain) inhibited the papain without impairing sperm function. Cryopreserved, papain-treated alpaca spermatozoa exhibited higher total motility rates after chilling and 0 and 1 h after thawing compared with control (untreated) samples. Papain treatment, followed by inhibition of papain with E-64, is effective in reducing alpaca seminal plasma viscosity without impairing sperm integrity and improves post-thaw motility rates of cryopreserved alpaca spermatozoa. The use of the combination of papain and E-64 to eliminate the viscous component of camelid semen may aid the development of assisted reproductive technologies in camelids.
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Mößler, Maria, Janina Aichner, Anja Müller, Thiemo Albert, and Thomas Wittek. "Concentrations of Fat, Protein, Lactose, Macro and Trace Minerals in Alpaca Colostrum and Milk at Different Lactation Stages." Animals 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071955.
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Although alpacas are not used for milk production a detailed knowledge on the composition of the colostrum and milk is needed for development of colostrum and milk replacers. The aim of the present study was to measure the concentration of fat, protein, lactose, and minerals in alpaca colostrum and milk. Colostrum samples were taken daily over four days after parturition from 20 multiparous alpaca mares. Milk samples were obtained monthly, during the first four months of lactation from 17 alpacas. Composition of colostrum and milk differed in numerous indicators. The concentrations of fat and lactose increased from day 1 (0.5%, 4.0%) to day 4 (5.3%, 5.0%), protein decreased from 20.4% on day 1 to 8.3% on day 4. In milk these three indicators did not change during the lactation. Minerals have been little studied in alpaca colostrum and milk in the past, many of which had the highest concentrations in colostrum immediately after birth. The results of the present study do not support that goat’s milk is the preferred substitute for feeding crias. This study contributes to the knowledge of the composition of alpaca colostrum and milk which can be of particular use in developing replacers.
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Salvá, Bettit K., and Javier Mateo. "Contenido de aminas biógenas y calidad microbiológica del charqui de alpaca." Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research 20, no. 2 (April 27, 2018): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2018.362.
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Mthethwa, Thandekile, and Tebello Nyokong. "Photoinactivation of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli using aluminium phthalocyanine on gold nanoparticles." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 14, no. 7 (2015): 1346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp00315b.
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Conjugates of aluminium phthalocyanine with gold nanorods (AlPc–AuNRs) and nanohexagons (AlPc–AuNHs) show improved photoinactivation of fungi (C. albicans) and bacteria cells (E. coli) compared to Pc alone.
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Norris, T., K. Hawton, J. Hamilton-Shield, and E. Crawley. "Obesity in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: an observational study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 102, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311293.
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ObjectiveIdentify the prevalence of obesity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared with healthy adolescents, and those identified with CFS in a population cohort.DesignCross-sectional analysis of multiple imputed data.SettingData from UK paediatric CFS/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) services compared with data collected at two time points in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).Patients1685 adolescents who attended a CFS/ME specialist service between 2004 and 2014 and 13 978 adolescents aged approximately 13 years and 16 years participating in the ALSPAC study.Main outcome measuresBody mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), sex-specific and age-specific BMI Z-scores (relative to the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs) and prevalence of obesity (%).ResultsAdolescents who had attended specialist CFS/ME services had a higher prevalence of obesity (age 13 years: 9.28%; age 16 years: 16.43%) compared with both adolescents classified as CFS/ME in ALSPAC (age 13 years: 3.72%; age 16 years: 5.46%) and those non-CFS in ALSPAC (age 13 years: 4.18%; age 16 years: 4.46%). The increased odds of obesity in those who attended specialist services (relative to non-CFS in ALSPAC) was apparent at both 13 years (OR: 2.31 (1.54 to 3.48)) and 16 years, with a greater likelihood observed at 16 years (OR: 4.07 (2.04 to 8.11)).ConclusionsWe observed an increased prevalence of obesity in adolescents who were affected severely enough to be referred to a specialist CFS/ME service. Further longitudinal research is required in order to identify the temporal relationship between the two conditions.
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Teyhan, Alison, Andy Boyd, Dinithi Wijedasa, and John Macleod. "Early life adversity, contact with children’s social care services and educational outcomes at age 16 years: UK birth cohort study with linkage to national administrative records." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e030213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030213.
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ObjectivesTo use record linkage of birth cohort and administrative data to study educational outcomes of children who are looked-after (in public care) and in need (social services involvement), and examine the role of early life factors.Setting, designProspective observational study of children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which recruited pregnant women in and around Bristol, UK in the early 1990s. ALSPAC was linked to the annual Children Looked-After (CLA) Data Return and Children In Need (CIN) Census. Educational outcomes at 16 years were obtained through linkage to the National Pupil Database (NPD). These included passing 5+ good GCSEs (grades A*-C, including English and Maths). Covariates included early life adversity and social position.Participants12 868 ALSPAC participants were linked to the NPD. The sample for the main educational outcomes analyses comprised 9545 children from the ALSPAC core sample who had complete education data.ResultsOverall, of the 12 868 ALSPAC participants linked to NPD data, 137 had a CLA record and a further 209 a CIN record during adolescence. These children were more disadvantaged than their peers and had little active study participation beyond infancy. In the main educational outcomes analyses, achievement of 5+ good GCSEs was low in the CLA (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.35) and CIN (0.11, 0.05 to 0.27) groups relative to their peers. Measured early life factors explained little of this difference.ConclusionsData linkage enabled the study of educational outcomes in children with social services contact. These children had substantially worse educational outcomes relative to their peers, for reasons likely to be multifactorial.
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Tappin, David, Mariusz Grzeda, Carol Joinson, and Jon Heron. "Challenging the view that lack of fibre causes childhood constipation." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (March 10, 2020): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318082.
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ObjectivesTo assess evidence supporting the view that ‘low fibre causes childhood constipation’.DesignTriangulation integrated three approaches: a systematic review NICE guideline CG99 examining effectiveness of increasing fibre; a cohort study, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), to assess if constipation (or hard stools) can precede fibre intake at weaning; and a literature search for twin studies to calculate heredity.SettingCG99 examined the literature regarding the effectiveness of increasing fibre. ALSPAC asked parents about: hard stools at 4 weeks, 6 months and 2.5 years and constipation at age 4–10 years, as well as fibre intake at 2 years. Twin studies and data from ALSPAC were pooled to calculate concordance of constipation comparing monozygotic and dizygous twin pairs.ParticipantsCG99 reported six randomised controlled trials (RCTs). ALSPAC hard stool data from 6796 children at 4 weeks, 9828 at 6 months and 9452 at 2.5 years plus constipation data on 8401 at 4–10 years were compared with fibre intake at 2 years. Twin studies had 338 and 93 twin pairs and ALSPAC added a further 45.ResultsIncreasing fibre did not effectively treat constipation. Hard stools at 4 weeks predated fibre and at 6 months predicted lower fibre intake at 2 years (p=0.003). Heredity explained 59% of constipation.ConclusionsRCTs indicate that increasing fibre is not an effective treatment for constipation in children. Hard stools can precede and predict later fibre intake. Genetic inheritance explains most childhood constipation. Extended treatment with stool softeners may improve fibre intake and limit long-term damaging sequelae of constipation.