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Academic literature on the topic 'ALMT1'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ALMT1"

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Ramesh, Sunita A., Yu Long, Abolfazl Dashtbani-Roozbehani, Matthew Gilliham, Melissa H. Brown, and Stephen D. Tyerman. "Picrotoxin Delineates Different Transport Configurations for Malate and γ Aminobutyric Acid through TaALMT1." Biology 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081162.

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Plant-derived pharmacological agents have been used extensively to dissect the structure–function relationships of mammalian GABA receptors and ion channels. Picrotoxin is a non-competitive antagonist of mammalian GABAA receptors. Here, we report that picrotoxin inhibits the anion (malate) efflux mediated by wheat (Triticum aestivum) ALMT1 but has no effect on GABA transport. The EC50 for inhibition was 0.14 nM and 0.18 nM when the ALMTs were expressed in tobacco BY2 cells and in Xenopus oocytes, respectively. Patch clamping of the oocyte plasma membrane expressing wheat ALMT1 showed that picrotoxin inhibited malate currents from both sides of the membrane. These results demonstrate that picrotoxin inhibits anion efflux effectively and can be used as a new inhibitor to study the ion fluxes mediated by ALMT proteins that allow either GABA or anion transport.
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Raman, Harsh, Kerong Zhang, Mehmet Cakir, Rudi Appels, David F. Garvin, Lyza G. Maron, Leon V. Kochian, et al. "Molecular characterization and mapping of ALMT1, the aluminium-tolerance gene of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Genome 48, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-054.

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The major aluminum (Al) tolerance gene in wheat ALMT1 confers. An Al-activated efflux of malate from root apices. We determined the genomic structure of the ALMT1 gene and found it consists of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns. Sequencing a range of wheat genotypes identified 3 alleles for ALMT1, 1 of which was identical to the ALMT1 gene from an Aegilops tauschii accession. The ALMT1 gene was mapped to chromosome 4DL using 'Chinese Spring' deletion lines, and loss of ALMT1 coincided with the loss of both Al tolerance and Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance in each of 5 different doubled-haploid populations was found to be conditioned by a single major gene. When ALMT1 was polymorphic between the parental lines, QTL and linkage analyses indicated that ALMT1 mapped to chromosome 4DL and cosegregated with Al tolerance. In 2 populations examined, Al tolerance also segregated with a greater capacity for Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance was not associated with a particular coding allele for ALMT1, but was significantly correlated with the relative level of ALMT1 expression. These findings suggest that the Al tolerance in a diverse range of wheat genotypes is primarily conditioned by ALMT1.Key words: aluminum, tolerance, genetic marker, Triticum aestivum, QTL, deletion mapping.
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Long, Yu, Stephen D. Tyerman, and Matthew Gilliham. "Cytosolic GABA inhibits anion transport by wheat ALMT1." New Phytologist 225, no. 2 (November 3, 2019): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.16238.

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Shen, Nuo, Sifan Hou, Guoqing Tu, Wenzhi Lan, and Yanping Jing. "Transcription Factor WRKY33 Mediates the Phosphate Deficiency-Induced Remodeling of Root Architecture by Modulating Iron Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Roots." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179275.

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The remodeling of root architecture is regarded as a major development to improve the plant’s adaptivity to phosphate (Pi)-deficient conditions. The WRKY transcription factors family has been reported to regulate the Pi-deficiency-induced systemic responses by affecting Pi absorption or transportation. Whether these transcription factors act as a regulator to mediate the Pi-deficiency-induced remodeling of root architecture, a typical local response, is still unclear. Here, we identified an Arabidopsis transcription factor, WRKY33, that acted as a negative regulator to mediate the Pi-deficiency-induced remodeling of root architecture. The disruption of WRKY33 in wrky33-2 mutant increased the plant’s low Pi sensitivity by further inhibiting the primary root growth and promoting the formation of root hair. Furthermore, we revealed that WRKY33 negatively regulated the remodeling of root architecture by controlling the transcriptional expression of ALMT1 under Pi-deficient conditions, which further mediated the Fe3+ accumulation in root tips to inhibit the root growth. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a previously unrecognized signaling crosstalk between WRKY33 and the ALMT1-mediated malate transport system to regulate the Pi deficiency responses.
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Wang, Jiangqin, Xiafei Yu, Zhong Jie Ding, Xiaokang Zhang, Yanping Luo, Ximing Xu, Yuan Xie, et al. "Structural basis of ALMT1-mediated aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis." Cell Research 32, no. 1 (November 19, 2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-021-00587-6.

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Delhaize, E., P. R. Ryan, D. M. Hebb, Y. Yamamoto, T. Sasaki, and H. Matsumoto. "Engineering high-level aluminum tolerance in barley with the ALMT1 gene." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 42 (October 7, 2004): 15249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0406258101.

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Yamaguchi, Mineo, Takayuki Sasaki, Mayandi Sivaguru, Yoko Yamamoto, Hiroki Osawa, Sung Ju Ahn, and Hideaki Matsumoto. "Evidence for the Plasma Membrane Localization of Al-activated Malate Transporter (ALMT1)." Plant and Cell Physiology 46, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pci083.

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Wang, Yuqi, Ruihong Li, Demou Li, Xiaomin Jia, Dangwei Zhou, Jianyong Li, Sangbom M. Lyi, et al. "NIP1;2 is a plasma membrane-localized transporter mediating aluminum uptake, translocation, and tolerance in Arabidopsis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 19 (April 24, 2017): 5047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618557114.

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Members of the aquaporin (AQP) family have been suggested to transport aluminum (Al) in plants; however, the Al form transported by AQPs and the roles of AQPs in Al tolerance remain elusive. Here we report that NIP1;2, a plasma membrane-localized member of the Arabidopsis nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily of the AQP family, facilitates Al-malate transport from the root cell wall into the root symplasm, with subsequent Al xylem loading and root-to-shoot translocation, which are critical steps in an internal Al tolerance mechanism in Arabidopsis. We found that NIP1;2 transcripts are expressed mainly in the root tips, and that this expression is enhanced by Al but not by other metal stresses. Mutations in NIP1;2 lead to hyperaccumulation of toxic Al3+ in the root cell wall, inhibition of root-to-shoot Al translocation, and a significant reduction in Al tolerance. NIP1;2 facilitates the transport of Al-malate, but not Al3+ ions, in both yeast and Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that the formation of the Al-malate complex in the root tip apoplast is a prerequisite for NIP1;2-mediated Al removal from the root cell wall, and that this requires a functional root malate exudation system mediated by the Al-activated malate transporter, ALMT1. Taken together, these findings reveal a critical linkage between the previously identified Al exclusion mechanism based on root malate release and an internal Al tolerance mechanism identified here through the coordinated function of NIP1;2 and ALMT1, which is required for Al removal from the root cell wall, root-to-shoot Al translocation, and overall Al tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Xu, Jiameng, Jiayong Zhu, Jiajia Liu, Junxia Wang, Zhaojun Ding, and Huiyu Tian. "SIZ1 negatively regulates aluminum resistance by mediating the STOP1–ALMT1 pathway in Arabidopsis." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 63, no. 6 (April 18, 2021): 1147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13091.

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Bilal, Saqib, Adil Khan, Muhammad Imran, Abdul Latif Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, Masoud Sulaiman Abood Al-Azri, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, and In-Jung Lee. "Silicon- and Boron-Induced Physio-Biochemical Alteration and Organic Acid Regulation Mitigates Aluminum Phytotoxicity in Date Palm Seedlings." Antioxidants 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061063.

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The current study aimed to understand the synergistic impacts of silicon (Si; 1.0 mM) and boron (B; 10 µM) application on modulating physio-molecular responses of date palm to mitigate aluminum (Al3+; 2.0 mM) toxicity. Results revealed that compared to sole Si and B treatments, a combined application significantly improved plant growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments during Al toxicity. Interestingly, Si and B resulted in significantly higher exudation of organic acid (malic acids, citric acids, and acetic acid) in the plant’s rhizosphere. This is also correlated with the reduced accumulation and translocation of Al in roots (60%) and shoots (56%) in Si and B treatments during Al toxicity compared to in sole Al3+ treatment. The activation of organic acids by combined Si + B application has significantly regulated the ALMT1, ALMT2 and plasma membrane ATPase; PMMA1 and PMMA3 in roots and shoots. Further, the Si-related transporter Lsi2 gene was upregulated by Si + B application under Al toxicity. This was also validated by the higher uptake and translocation of Si in plants. Al-induced oxidative stress was significantly counteracted by exhibiting lower malondialdehyde and superoxide production in Si + B treatments. Experiencing less oxidative stress was evident from upregulation of CAT and Cyt-Cu/Zn SOD expression; hence, enzymatic activities such as polyphenol oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase were significantly activated. In the case of endogenous phytohormones, Si + B application demonstrated the downregulation of the abscisic acid (ABA; NCED1 and NCED6) and salicylic acid (SA; PYL4, PYR1) biosynthesis-related genes. Consequently, we also noticed a lower accumulation of ABA and rising SA levels under Al-stress. The current findings illustrate that the synergistic Si + B application could be an effective strategy for date palm growth and productivity against Al stress and could be further extended in field trails in Al-contaminated fields.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ALMT1"

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Ahmed, Romel [Verfasser], Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] Abel, Edgar [Akademischer Betreuer] Peiter, and Tamara [Akademischer Betreuer] Gigolashvili. "Molecular identification and characterization of the phosphate deficiency response related genes, PRT1 (ATP-Phosphoribosyl Transferase 1) and ALMT1 (Aluminium-activated Malate Transporter 1) / Romel Ahmed. Betreuer: Steffen Abel ; Edgar Peiter ; Tamara Gigolashvili." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1090787162/34.

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Ferreira, Fernanda Fonsêca. "Construção e caracterização fenotípica de linhagem mutante para o gene putativo ALT1 de Cryptococcus neoformans." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/32523.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Biologia, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, 2018.
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Fundação Universidade de Brasília (FUB); Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP-DF) e Secretaria de Educação do Distrito Federal (SEDF).
Cryptococcus neoformans é um basidiomiceto caracterizado pela presença de cápsula polissacarídica. Esse fungo é o agente patogênico da criptococose, uma doença oportunista que leva a mais de 180.000 mortes anuais. Até o presente, não foram identificadas, nesse patógeno, proteínas de reparo ao dano de DNA O6-alcilguanina (O6-alcilG), gerado pela alcilação da posição O6 de guaninas. O6-alcilG leva a erro de pareamento de bases nitrogenadas, causando mutação. Análises de bioinformática (FungiDB, UniProt, BLAST e Clustal Omega) da sequência de DNA CNAG_02105 de C. neoformans sugeriram que essa sequência poderia codificar Atl1 (Alkyltransferase-like protein), proteína de reparo a O6-alcilG. Uma vez que o hospedeiro humano não possui Atl1, uma Atl1 de C. neoformans poderia representar um alvo para fármacos de ação seletiva sobre esse fungo. Neste trabalho, buscou-se obter uma linhagem de C. neoformans mutante para o gene putativo ATL1 (CNAG_02105), com o objetivo de caracterizar seus principais atributos de virulência e fenótipos. As linhagens atl1Δ não apresentaram diferenças na termotolerância, expansão da cápsula polissacarídica, melanização da parede celular, produção de urease, desenvolvimento do ciclo sexual e virulência em Galleria mellonella quando comparadas às linhagens controle. Não foram detectadas alterações de fenótipo de crescimento de atl1Δ em condições de estresse osmótico, estresse de parede celular e estresse oxidativo. Também não foi identificada sensibilidade aumentada do mutante ao agente genotóxico hidroxiureia, à exposição à radiação UV, a fluconazol e a diferentes pHs. Por outro lado, as linhagens atl1Δ apresentaram hipersensibilidade ao agente alcilante EMS (etil metanossulfonato), mas não a MMS (metil metanossulfonato) ou ENU (etil nitrosoureia). O EMS gera O6-etilguanina, dano de DNA que é reparado pela proteína Atl1. Coletivamente, a bioinformática e as análises experimentais sugerem que CNAG_02105 codifica uma putativa Atl1 em C. neoformans.
Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycete characterized by the presence of a polysaccharide capsule. This fungus is the pathogenic agent of cryptococcosis, an opportunistic disease that leads to more than 180,000 annual deaths. To date, no repair proteins to the DNA damage of O6-alkylguanine (O6-alkylG), generated by alkylation of the position O6 of guanines. O6-alkylG leads to mismatch of nitrogenous bases, causing mutation. Bioinformatics analyzes (FungiDB, UniProt, BLAST and Clustal Omega) of the C. neoformans DNA sequence CNAG_02105 suggested that this sequence could encode Atl1 (Alkyltransferase-like protein), an O6-alkylG repair protein. Since the human host does not have Atl1, an Atl1 of C. neoformans could represent a target for selective action drugs on this fungus. In this work, we aimed to obtain a C. neoformans mutant srain for the putative ATL1 gene (CNAG_02105), in order to characterize its main virulence attributes and phenotype. The strains atl1Δ did not present differences in thermotolerance, polysaccharide capsule expansion, cell wall melanization, urease production, sexual cycle development and virulence in Galleria mellonella when compared to control strains. No changes in atl1Δ growth phenotype were detected under conditions of osmotic stress, cell wall stress and oxidative stress. No increased sensitivity of the mutant to the genotoxic hydroxyurea agent, exposure to UV radiation, fluconazole and different pHs was also identified. On the other hand, the atl1Δ strains showed hypersensitivity to EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate), but not to MMS (methyl methanesulphonate) or ENU (ethyl nitrosourea). EMS generates O6-ethylguanine, DNA damage that is repaired by the Atl1 protein. Collectively, bioinformatics and experimental analyzes suggest that CNAG_02105 encodes a putative Atl1 in C. neoformans.
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Palmer, Antony James. "Production and characterization of ArAE family members including putative efflux transporters (PETs) from bacteria and aluminium activated malate transporters (ALMTs) from plants." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15292/.

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The focus of this study is proteins from the ArAE family, specifically two subfamilies: firstly, the ALMT family of plant membrane channels, which have numerous vital roles in plants, and secondly, the bacterial family first described as PET inner membrane exporters. Constructs were created for expression of firstly, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of wheat ALMT1 in E. coli and secondly, three full-length ALMTs (ALMT from wheat and ALMT5, ALMT9 from Arabidopsis) in Nicotiana benthamiana for structural and biochemical studies. Unfortunately, it appears that the CTD is not an independent soluble domain as originally thought, and this domain is now predicted to contain transmembrane helices, making it unsuitable for study in the manner planned. Similarly, production of full length ALMTs was unsuccessful as when extraction and purification was attempted, the protein degraded. Thirdly, a bacterial member of the ArAE family was expressed and characterised: AaeB from E. coli, along with its putative binding partner, AaeA. This was shown to form a complex with and be vital for the stability of AaeB. A strategy was devised for expression, solubilisation, and purification of these proteins and once they were obtained in pure form they were subjected to a range of biochemical and structural experiments. Microcrystals of AaeA were produced, towards a strategy for structural determination by X-ray crystallography. The first Electron Microscopy examination was performed on complexes of AaeB, and negative stain classes were produced. The first in silico homology model of AaeA has been produced and validated by CD spectroscopy, providing a range of insights. The complex formed by AaeA and AaeB has also been probed by crosslinking and SEC MALLS analysis, suggesting a 6:2 or 6:3 stoichiometry. Together this has furthered our understanding of this poorly characterised membrane protein family and provided a set of clones and protocols for future studies.
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Braune, Katarina [Verfasser], Martin S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Staege, Carl Friedrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Classen, and Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller-Tidow. "Charakterisierung von ALMS1 (Alstrom syndrome 1)-Transkripten in Hodgkin-Lymphom-Zellen / Katarina Braune ; Martin S. Staege, Carl Friedrich Classen, Carsten Müller-Tidow." Halle, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1127579916/34.

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Šíma, Vojtěch. "Výroba sendvičové závitové vložky objemovým tvářením." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399339.

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The project elaborated in a frame of Master‘s degree branch M-STG focuses on the design of a technology of sandwich coil used for connecting the aircraft floor sandwich panels to the fuselage bulkheads. The product is made of a lightweight aluminium alloy AlMn1. Combined cold extrusion with upsetting of the flange was chosen as the most fitting technology due to the manufacturing requirements and production series size of 120 000 pieces per year. The component is manufactured from a block blank in three operations by a progressive forming machine TPM 8-A with a nominal force of 1000 kN from Šmeral Brno a.s. producer. Within the project, tools for the production of the part were designed and also technical calculations for individual operations and technical and economic evaluation of production were made. The price of the component is estimated to be at least CZK 7,33.
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Comiskey, Daniel Forrest Jr. "MDM2 Alternative Splicing: Regulators and Functions in Oncogenesis." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492520732895243.

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Kamran, Muhammad. "Functional characterization of wheat ALMT1 transporter and its involvement in extreme pH stress tolerance." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/118137.

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The optimum soil pH for most cultivated plants ranges from pH 6 to 8. This range provides optimal nutrient availability and minimal effects of toxic ions. Soils with pH below 5.5 (acid) and above 8 (alkaline) pose challenges for plant growth and development due to ion toxicities and lack of nutrient availability or nutrient imbalances. Roots of some species such as Triticum aestivum (wheat) exude organic anions such as malate under acidic conditions, providing tolerance against free Al3+ which is highly toxic to roots. In wheat the transporter responsible for this exudation is the Aluminium Activated Malate Transporter (TaALMT1). This thesis examines the role of the TaALMT1 transporter in extreme pH stress tolerance. Plant ALMTs are anion channels named after the first characterized member from wheat roots (TaALMT1). However, most ALMTs are not activated by Al3+, but all those so far investigated are regulated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) regulation of anion flux through ALMT proteins requires a specific amino acid motif in ALMTs that shares similarity with a GABA-binding site in mammalian GABAA receptors. In wheat root apices a negative correlation between activation of TaALMT1 and endogenous GABA concentrations ([GABA]i) was previously identified. This is explored here further in both wheat root apices and in heterologous expression systems using inhibitors that are reported to change [GABA]i: amino-oxyacetate (AOA) – a glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA transaminase (GABA-T) inhibitor, and vigabatrin – a GABA transaminase (GABA-T) inhibitor. It is demonstrated that activation of TaALMT1 reduces [GABA]i because TaALMT1 facilitates GABA efflux. Though TaALMT1 is activated by Al3+ the released GABA does not complex Al3+. TaALMT1 also facilitates GABA transport into cells, demonstrated by a yeast complementation assay and via 14CGABA uptake into TaALMT1-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes; found to be a general feature of all ALMTs examined. Mutation of the GABA ‘motif’ (TaALMT1F213C) prevented both GABA influx and efflux in yeast and Xenopus laevis oocytes, and resulted in no correlation between malate efflux and [GABA]i. It is concluded that ALMTs are likely to act as both GABA and anion transporters in planta. GABA and malate appear to interact with ALMTs in a complex manner to regulate each other’s transport, suggestive of a role for ALMTs in communicating metabolic status. One of the potential roles for GABA is as a pH regulator. Being a zwitterion its exudation into acidic or alkaline solutions will tend to bring pH towards neutrality. Previous field studies have suggested that TaALMT1 in wheat may also confer tolerance to alkaline soil. Soil alkalinity reduces yield and is a major problem worldwide, but very little is known about the physiological mechanisms that allow some plants to tolerate alkaline conditions. Along with its role in Al3+ tolerance at low pH, TaALMT1 is also activated by external anions at alkaline pH. Therefore it was hypothesized that TaALMT1 provides alkaline soil tolerance by exuding malate and GABA facilitating acidification of the rhizosphere. To test this hypothesis, a series of experiments were carried out using wheat NILs; ET8 (Al+3 tolerant, high expression of TaALMT1) and ES8 (Al+3 sensitive, low expression of TaALMT1) and Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing TaALMT1. Under alkaline conditions, root biomass was significantly higher in the ET8 plants compared to ES8 plants and was inhibited by the application of GABA. Shoot gas exchange also differed between NILs but continuous GABA application to roots interfered with shoot gas exchange. In alkaline conditions, a higher concentration of both malate and GABA was found in root exudates from root apices and whole seedling roots with high TaALMT1 expression which appears to decrease the rhizosphere pH more so in ET8 compared with ES8. Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing TaALMT1 also acidified an alkaline media more rapidly than controls corresponding to higher GABA efflux. TaALMT1 expression did not change under alkaline conditions but key genes involved in GABA turnover changed in accord with a high rate of GABA synthesis in ET8. It is concluded that TaALMT1 plays a role in alkaline soil tolerance by exuding malate and GABA, possibly coupled to proton efflux, facilitating rhizosphere acidification. To further explore the role of TaALMT1 in alkaline soil tolerance, transgenic Golden Promise barley plants expressing TaALMT1 (TaALMT1-GP) were treated with pH 6 and pH 9 nutrient solutions over 5 weeks of growth. There was no significant effect of TaALMT1 expression on shoot and root growth relative to GP wildtype in alkaline conditions. However, root fresh mass was more sensitive to pH for TaALMT1-GP with a significantly larger root fresh mass at pH 9 compared with pH 6. GABA application significantly reduced both root and shoot growth independently of TaALMT1 expression. Malate and GABA efflux was higher in TaALMT1-GP plants than for GP plants at pH 9, however, the opposite was the case at pH 6. GABA application affected malate efflux with different effects between TaALMT-GP and GP. Malate efflux from root apices over 1 h was not significantly different between TaALMT1-GP and GP and both genotypes increased malate efflux at high pH. However, GABA efflux was significantly higher in TaALMT1-GP than GP at pH 9 in buffered solution. It is concluded that the expression of TaALMT1 may be interfering with the endogenous systems that allow barely to tolerate alkaline soils and that future experiments will require the use of null segregants as the appropriate controls rather than wildtype (GP) background. Preliminary experiments were also undertaken to test the effects of externally applied sodium aluminate, calcium, GABA and muscimol, and selected hormones using wheat (ET8 and ES8 NILs) and Barley (TaALMT1-GP and GP, aluminate only) at alkaline pH. Sodium aluminate treatment significantly increased malate and GABA efflux above the already elevated level at pH 9 in plants with high expression of TaALMT1, suggestive of TaALMT1 involvement. Root growth was also higher in response to sodium aluminate in both ET8 and TaALMT1-GP compared with ES8 and GP respectively. Elevated external calcium significantly increased Al3+-activated malate efflux in ET8 compared with ES8 with an optimum at 3 mM CaCl2. In response to external jasmonic acid (JA) and brassinosteroid (BR) at pH 4.5, ET8 showed a higher Al3+activated malate efflux compared to ES8. However, in contrast to malate, GABA efflux was significantly reduced by BR and JA compared with the Al3+ treatment alone. Root growth was significantly reduced in response to JA plus Al3+ compared with Al3+ alone. However, BR plus Al3+ significantly enhanced root growth compared to Al3+ treatment alone. Overall, it is concluded that: 1) TaALMT1 is not only regulated by GABA but also mediates its transport, which is a general feature of ALMTs. 2) TaALMT1 plays a role in alkaline soil tolerance by exuding malate and GABA and facilitating rhizosphere acidification. 3) External application of high concentrations of GABA (10 mM) to roots results in inhibited root growth and alters leaf gas exchange possibly by interactions with other ALMTs. In addition, the following preliminary conclusions are subject to carrying out experiments with TaALMT1 expressed in heterologous systems: 1) TaALMT1 might be calcium sensitive. 2) TaALMT1 may play a role in aluminium tolerance in alkaline conditions. 3) There may be complicated hormonal control over TaALMT1 activity and selectivity.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2018
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Rodrigues, Marta. "Contributo da exsudação de ácidos orgânicos para a tolerância ao alumínio em duas variedades de trigo da Madeira." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/1094.

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O trigo encontra-se em terceiro lugar entre os cereais mais produzidos em todo o mundo. Um dos principais entraves ao seu cultivo e produção é a acidez dos solos, que proporciona a biodisponibilidade do alumínio, com a formação de catiões facilmente absorvidos que afetam o desenvolvimento radicular e podem levar à morte da planta. Algumas variedades de trigo desenvolveram a capacidade de tolerar a presença do alumínio. Esta tolerância pode resultar de diferentes estratégias, através da ação de diversos mecanismos, sendo que o presente trabalho pretende avaliar a importância da exsudação de ácidos orgânicos na tolerância ao alumínio por algumas variedades de trigo na Madeira. Ao longo deste trabalho foram analisados vários caracteres, cuja variação permite discriminar o comportamento de duas variedades regionais de trigo (Triticum aestivum erithrospermum Körn e Triticum aestivum var. milturum (Alef.) Velican) em condições de stress provocado pelo alumínio. As amostras de trigo foram colocadas em vasos herméticos na presença ou ausência da alumínio e o meio de crescimento final foi analisado para determinar a capacidade das plantas para exsudar malato e citrato. As plantas foram analisadas em relação a cinco marcadores moleculares para detetar a presença ou ausência do gene ALTM1 que codifica a proteína transmembranar de transporte do malato. Em resultado deste trabalho, conclui-se que uma das variedades regionais (T. aestivum erithrospermum) é tolerante ao alumínio e a outra (T. aestivum var. milturum) moderadamente tolerante. Ambas as variedades têm capacidade de exsudar ácidos orgânicos, ainda que a primeira tivesse uma exsudação mais proeminente. A variedade moderadamente tolerante apresentou uma taxa de alongamento radicular inferior e uma produção de calose superior devido à sua maior suscetibilidade ao alumínio. O gene ALMT1, responsável pelo transporte do malato do citoplasma para o exterior das células, foi detetado em ambas as variedades, levando a concluir que o que difere entre as variedades é a sua expressão.
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9

Heydet, Deborah. "Neuronal cilia and appetite regulation in Alms1 mutant mice." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148260.

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The foz/foz mouse is a murine model of Alstr{u00F6}m syndrome, a monogenetic disorder characterised in humans by childhood obesity, hearing loss, blindness, hyperinsulinaemia, early-onset type 2 diabetes and liver disease. In 2006, research from the host laboratory reported that foz/foz mice inherit a spontaneous mutation (foz) , an 11 base pair deletion in exon 8 of the Alms1 gene, and develop a similar phenotype to patients suffering from Alstr{u00F6}m syndrome. Thus, foz/foz mice are obese and exhibit high circulating insulin and leptin levels as well as fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the studies presented in this thesis was to further characterise the pathogenesis of obesity in foz/foz mice, by studying the role of Alms1 and hypothalamic appetite-regulating neuropeptide expression during the development of obesity. ALMS1 has been shown to localise at the base of primary cilia in what is termed the basal body or centrosome. Primary cilia are ubiquitously expressed hair-like organelles. Therefore, the first approach was to study primary cilia in the hypothalamus as well as hypothalamic Alms1 gene expression and Alms1 localisation in foz/foz and wildtype (WT) mice from birth until the obese phenotype is evident. At birth, foz/foz mice showed similar number of ciliated hypothalamic neurons to WT mice. However, from weaning and onwards the number of cilia was significantly decreased in foz/foz mice. In addition, while cilia were present in primary neuronal cultures from foz/foz and WT mice, Alms1 was only detected in WT neurons, appearing as two perinuclear dots at the base of cilia. After weaning, serum leptin levels become greatly elevated in foz/foz compared to WT mice. Leptin decreases appetite by acting in the hypothalamus and inducing or inhibiting the release of appetite-regulating neuropeptides. A detailed study of key hypothalamic neuropeptides demonstrated no differences in their gene and/or protein expression or localisation between foz/foz and WT mice. This failure of elevated leptin levels to decrease appetite and body weight is defined as leptin resistance. Further studies were therefore performed on hypothalamic leptin receptor (Ob-R) expression and signalling pathways to characterise leptin resistance in foz/foz mice. These results demonstrated induction of two proteins, SOCS3 and PTP1B, which negatively regulate Ob-R signalling and have been implicated in leptin resistance. Taken together, the data presented in this thesis strongly support the proposal that foz/foz mice develop leptin resistance, which correlates molecularly with over-expression of at least two negative feedback regulators of Ob-R. In addition, the post-natal reduction in ciliated hypothalamic neurons in foz/foz mice, in combination with the lack of Alms1 detection are consistent with the proposal that primary cilia stability/maintenance could be impaired as a consequence of the Alms1 mutation. In conclusion, foz/foz mice provide new opportunities for studying the role of Alms1 and neuronal cilia in appetite regulation, particularly with respect to the onset of leptin resistance. A better understanding of Alms1, cilial stability and behavioural responses that underlie obesity could provide clues to novel therapeutic approaches to combat more common forms of obesity.
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Book chapters on the topic "ALMT1"

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Spittel, M., and T. Spittel. "AlMn1." In Part 2: Non-ferrous Alloys - Light Metals, 285–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13864-5_45.

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Zahid, Sarwar, Kari Branham, Dana Schlegel, Mark E. Pennesi, Michel Michaelides, John Heckenlively, and Thiran Jayasundera. "ALMS1." In Retinal Dystrophy Gene Atlas, 11–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10867-4_3.

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Spittel, M., and T. Spittel. "AlMg1 (C)." In Part 2: Non-ferrous Alloys - Light Metals, 330–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13864-5_53.

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van Doorslaer, Luc. "Alternative labels for “translation”." In Handbook of Translation Studies, 4–10. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hts.5.alt1.

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Conference papers on the topic "ALMT1"

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Krob, Andrea, Alberto S., João V. Portal, Jonas Hartmann, José V. de Lima, and Valter Roesler. "ALMTF++." In the XV Brazilian Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1858477.1858478.

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Yuniati, Ratna, Utut Widyastuti, and Suharsono. "Expression analysis of Jatropha curcas L. almt genes under low pH and aluminum stress." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2015 (ISCPMS 2015): Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Current Progress in Mathematics and Sciences. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4946965.

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Maldonado, P. R. "Determinaçăo da Curva Característica do Maciço na Área de Implantaçăo do Sistema de Estocagem de GLP no Terminal Almte. Barroso (TEBAR)." In 3rd International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.324.361.

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Michele Lisboa Silveira SILVEIRA, Deibe Valgas dos Santos SANTOS, Marcelo Araújo Câmara Câmara, Alexandre Mendes Abrão ABRÃO, and Paulo Eustáquio de Faria Faria. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO MECANISMO DE DESGASTE PREDOMINANTE DURANTE O DESLIZAMENTO DE AÇO RÁPIDO AISI M2 CONTRA LIGA DE ALUMÍNIO EN AW- AlMg1-5005." In IX Congresso Nacional de Engenharia Mecânica. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABCM Associação Brasileira de Engenharia e Ciências Mecânicas, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/con-2016-0319.

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Comiskey, Daniel F., Aishwarya G. Jacob, Matias Montes, Krista La Perle, Prosper N. Boyaka, and Dawn S. Chandler. "Abstract 4140: The dual role of MDM2-ALT1 as both a suppressor and driver of oncogenesis is highlighted in a new RMS mouse model." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4140.

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