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Journal articles on the topic 'Almond Diseases and pests'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

González-Zamora, José Enrique, Cristina Ruiz-Aranda, María Rebollo-Valera, Juan M. Rodríguez-Morales, and Salvador Gutiérrez-Jiménez. "Deficit Water Irrigation in an Almond Orchard Can Reduce Pest Damage." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 2486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122486.

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Irrigated almond orchards in Spain are increasing in acreage, and it is pertinent to study the effect of deficit irrigation on the presence of pests, plant damage, and other arthropod communities. In an orchard examined from 2017 to 2020, arthropods and diseases were studied by visual sampling under two irrigation treatments (T1, control and T2, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI)). Univariate analysis showed no influence of irrigation on the aphid Hyalopterus amygdali (Blanchard) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) population and damage, but Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) damage on leaves was significantly less (50–60% reduction in damaged leaf area) in the T2 RDI treatment compared to the full irrigation T1 control in 2019 and 2020. Typhlocybinae (principal species Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)) population was also significantly lower under T2 RDI treatment. Chrysopidae and Phytoseiidae, important groups in the biological control of pests, were not affected by irrigation treatment. The most important diseases observed in the orchard were not, in general, affected by irrigation treatment. The multivariate principal response curves show significant differences between irrigation strategies in 2019 and 2020. In conclusion, irrigation schemes with restricted water use (such as T2 RDI) can help reduce the foliar damage of important pests and the abundance of other secondary pests in almond orchards.

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2

Arroyo, Francisco T., Juan F. Herencia, and Nieves Capote. "Phenology, growth, and yield of almond cultivars under organic and conventional management in southwestern Spain." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20, no. 3 (August 2, 2022): e0901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022203-18828.

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Aim of study: To advance implementation of sustainable agriculture from organic production system on almond crop by means of the assessment of physiological and agronomical responses of commercial almond cultivars. Area of study: Irrigated almond in the Guadalquivir River Valley. Material and methods: Physiological and agronomic aspects of almond such as defoliation, phenology, tree growth, N and P leaf reserves, susceptibility to aphids and fruit yield were assessed on five almond cultivars under organic and conventional production management during four consecutive seasons from 2017 to 2021. Main results: A lower flower density, tree growth, and almond production, an earlier and more intense defoliation degree, and a higher susceptibility to aphids were observed in the organic plot compared to the conventional orchard. 'Lauranne' was the cultivar that showed the best productivity under organic and conventional management. 'Marcona' showed the higher flower density and medium vigor, although was the most susceptible cultivar to aphids and the less productive cultivar under both managements. Research highlights: Cultivation of irrigated almond still presents numerous difficulties, especially the control of pests and diseases due to the use of environmentally friendly pesticides which are less effective than chemicals. These pathogenic factors and others such as nutrition especially affect the yield of the crop, although the differences with the conventional system are reduced over time. Despite these difficulties, the high added value of organic almonds together with the increasing demands by consumers of healthy environmental practices and food safety are a stimulus to continue and develop research on sustainable agriculture.

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3

Connell, Joseph H. "Alternative Practices for Almond." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 691f—692. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.691f.

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Improving almond orchard management by integrating cultural practices, pest and disease controls, and vegetation management has been a goal of Univ. of California research and extension efforts for more than 25 years. Alternative cultural practices related to orchard floor management, fertilizer applications, and pest and disease control are currently important components of the almond production system. Nontillage, with or without a seeded cover crop, has improved potassium uptake and reduced pest problems. In-season fertilizer applications reduced the potential for nitrate pollution of groundwater. Minimizing dust, early harvest, and destruction of overwintering refugia are all cultural practices that reduce crop damage caused by pests. New methods of pest and disease monitoring using pheromone traps, egg traps, or a better understanding of disease life cycles have reduced unnecessary chemical applications. Degree-day phenology models have improved the timing of needed sprays. Expanded use of selective spray materials, such as narrow-range oils and Bacillus thuringiensis, reduce impacts on non-target species while natural predators and parasites are encouraged. Augmentative releases of beneficial insects are currently being evaluated as an additional alternative to in-season spraying. Cultivar and rootstock choices for new plantings present alternatives that can help avoid pests or diseases. Planting pattern affects productivity and is another factor to consider when evaluating alternative production practices for almond as new orchards are established.

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Gitea, Manuel Alexandru, Simona Bungau, Daniela Gitea, Lavinia Purza, Sebastian Nemeth, Alina Dora Samuel, Gabriela Badea, and Delia Mirela Tit. "The Consequences of Excessive Chemicalization on Fruits Quality." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 6 (July 15, 2018): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.6.6315.

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Chemistry in agriculture has been considered for several decades a formula synonymous with progress and development, as chemical engineering, mechanization, irrigation, modern agro-technical processes have contributed to a substantial increase in production. At present, the use of pesticides to increase agricultural productivity is considered to be a global hazard to the environment. This study examines changes in tree tolerance for major diseases and pests, disease and pest behavior, and the changes that occur in the recommended pesticide treatment. The researches were carried out on different species of fruit trees (apple, plum, and almond), cultivated in an intensive system, in five orchards located in Bihor county. The behavior of each species, as well as the behavior of different varieties with respect to tolerance to major diseases and pests, have been observed over the last 5 years (2013-2017). In addition, pesticide residues were monitored from all crops of apple, plum and almond. During 2015-2017, from March to May, the diseases were more virulent, requiring intensive intervention with systemic and contact fungicide combinations to achieve optimal efficiency; this fact has been correlated with the increase in the number of samples containing pesticide residues. This perspective allows an ecological remodeling of current progress in orchard development, including all aspects of environmental protection and the impact on population2 s health.

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5

Bouket, Ali Chenari, Abolfazl Narmani, Alireza Tavasolee, Ghorban Elyasi, Akbar Abdi, Shahram Naeimi, Kasra Sharifi, Tomasz Oszako, Faizah N. Alenezi, and Lassaad Belbahri. "In Vitro Evaluation of Wood Vinegar (Pyroligneous Acid) VOCs Inhibitory Effect against a Fungus-like Microorganism Ovatisporangium (Phytopythium) Isolate Recovered from Tomato Fields in Iran." Agronomy 12, no. 7 (July 4, 2022): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071609.

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Crop diseases and agricultural pests and pathogens are causing huge economic losses. The actual means for dealing with them involve the use of damaging chemical pesticides that harm the environment, threaten biodiversity, and undermine human health. This research was aimed at developing an environmentally friendly means to cope with emerging oomycete disease from tomato fields in the province of East-Azerbaijan. The oomycete disease causal agent was isolated and identified as Ovatisporangium sp. using a combination of morphological features and molecular methods. Six wood vinegars (pyroligneous acid) belonging to pine, pomegranate, pistachio, almond, walnut, and cypress were produced during this study and examined against Ovatisporangium sp. Their inhibition of volatile metabolites (VOCs) using different dilutions (1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/10) was assessed against the mycelial growth of Ovatisporangium sp. In vitro analysis demonstrated that pistachio, cypress, and almond dilution 1 (D 1) wood vinegar VOCs had the ability to stop the mycelial growth of Ovatisporangium sp. All other treatments including pine, walnut, and pomegranate with relevant dilutions significantly reduced the mycelial growth of Ovatisporangium sp. compared with the control (p ≤ 0.05). Wood vinegar is therefore a potent means to cope with pathogenic infections and allows plant protection against oomycete diseases.

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Kämper, Wiebke, Grant Thorp, Michelle Wirthensohn, Peter Brooks, and Stephen J. Trueman. "Pollen Paternity Can Affect Kernel Size and Nutritional Composition of Self-Incompatible and New Self-Compatible Almond Cultivars." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020326.

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Breeding programs for horticultural tree crops focus on enhancing productivity, including developing tolerance to pests and diseases and improving crop quality. Pollination services are often critical for crop production, and pollen parents can affect crop quality. We often do not know which pollen parents produce highest quality offspring or, in self-compatible cultivars, how much of the crop comes from cross- versus self-pollination. We quantified the proportions of self- and cross-paternity in an open pollination setting of five standard commercial almond cultivars and of six new almond cultivars selected for yield, kernel size, taste or self-compatibility. We assessed how pollination by different parents affected kernel size and nutritional quality. Kernels from most commercial cultivars and from the new cultivars selected for taste and size resulted almost entirely from cross-pollination. Most kernels from the commercial cultivar ‘Price’ resulted from cross-pollination but 21% resulted from self-pollination. In contrast, 48–91% of kernels from the new self-compatible cultivars resulted from self-pollination. Different cross-pollen parents did not greatly affect kernel size or quality. The proportions of self-paternity in the new self-compatible cultivars varied strongly in an open pollination setting suggesting that some cultivars may be good candidates for establishing monovarietal orchards.

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Esmenjaud, Daniel. "Deciphering Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes in Prunus for Rootstock Breeding: Sources, Genetics and Characterization of the Ma Locus." Horticulturae 7, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120564.

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Root-knot nematode (RKN) species are predominant pests of crops, attacking stone fruit crops Prunus spp. under Mediterranean climate conditions worldwide. Natural resistance for rootstock breeding is a control method that is gaining interest as an alternative to the highly toxic nematicides. This review first reports an outline of the root-knot nematodes parasitizing stone fruit crops and the Prunus species and rootstocks. It then describes the main sources of resistance detected among the Prunus germplasm and focuses on the major resistance genes identified and their characteristics (spectrum, durability, histological mechanism, effect of temperature, interaction with other pests and diseases, etc.). In peach, besides the RMia reference gene, the new genes PkMi and Mf, also located on chromosome 2, need to be characterized regarding their spectrum and relationship. The two other Prunus reference genes, Ma from plum (complete spectrum) and RMja from almond (more restricted spectrum), are orthologs that belong to a TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) cluster on chromosome 7. The review finally summarizes the positional cloning of the Ma gene and the characterization of its unique TNL structure, encompassing a five-times repeated post-LRR domain. Deciphering how this structure is functionally involved in Ma’s remarkable biological properties is a real challenge for the future.

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Vahdati, Kourosh, Saadat Sarikhani, Mohammad Mehdi Arab, Charles A. Leslie, Abhaya M. Dandekar, Neus Aletà, Beatriz Bielsa, et al. "Advances in Rootstock Breeding of Nut Trees: Objectives and Strategies." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112234.

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The production and consumption of nuts are increasing in the world due to strong economic returns and the nutritional value of their products. With the increasing role and importance given to nuts (i.e., walnuts, hazelnut, pistachio, pecan, almond) in a balanced and healthy diet and their benefits to human health, breeding of the nuts species has also been stepped up. Most recent fruit breeding programs have focused on scion genetic improvement. However, the use of locally adapted grafted rootstocks also enhanced the productivity and quality of tree fruit crops. Grafting is an ancient horticultural practice used in nut crops to manipulate scion phenotype and productivity and overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. There are complex rootstock breeding objectives and physiological and molecular aspects of rootstock–scion interactions in nut crops. In this review, we provide an overview of these, considering the mechanisms involved in nutrient and water uptake, regulation of phytohormones, and rootstock influences on the scion molecular processes, including long-distance gene silencing and trans-grafting. Understanding the mechanisms resulting from rootstock × scion × environmental interactions will contribute to developing new rootstocks with resilience in the face of climate change, but also of the multitude of diseases and pests.

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9

Shelton, M. "Almond Pests." Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 33, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/besa/33.3.199.

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10

Alger, Samantha A., P. Alexander Burnham, Zachary S. Lamas, Alison K. Brody, and Leif L. Richardson. "Home sick: impacts of migratory beekeeping on honey bee (Apis mellifera) pests, pathogens, and colony size." PeerJ 6 (November 2, 2018): e5812. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5812.

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Honey bees are important pollinators of agricultural crops and the dramatic losses of honey bee colonies have risen to a level of international concern. Potential contributors to such losses include pesticide exposure, lack of floral resources and parasites and pathogens. The damaging effects of all of these may be exacerbated by apicultural practices. To meet the pollination demand of US crops, bees are transported to areas of high pollination demand throughout the year. Compared to stationary colonies, risk of parasitism and infectious disease may be greater for migratory bees than those that remain in a single location, although this has not been experimentally established. Here, we conducted a manipulative experiment to test whether viral pathogen and parasite loads increase as a result of colonies being transported for pollination of a major US crop, California almonds. We also tested if they subsequently transmit those diseases to stationary colonies upon return to their home apiaries. Colonies started with equivalent numbers of bees, however migratory colonies returned with fewer bees compared to stationary colonies and this difference remained one month later. Migratory colonies returned with higher black queen cell virus loads than stationary colonies, but loads were similar between groups one month later. Colonies exposed to migratory bees experienced a greater increase of deformed wing virus prevalence and load compared to the isolated group. The three groups had similar infestations of Varroa mites upon return of the migratory colonies. However, one month later, mite loads in migratory colonies were significantly lower compared to the other groups, possibly because of lower number of host bees. Our study demonstrates that migratory pollination practices has varying health effects for honey bee colonies. Further research is necessary to clarify how migratory pollination practices influence the disease dynamics of honey bee diseases we describe here.

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11

Russo, A., G. Siscaro, and R. G. Spampinato. "ALMOND PESTS IN SICILY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 373 (September 1994): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.373.44.

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12

El Handi, Kaoutar, Majida Hafidi, Miloud Sabri, Michel Frem, Maroun El Moujabber, Khaoula Habbadi, Najat Haddad, Abdellatif Benbouazza, Raied Abou Kubaa, and El Hassan Achbani. "Continuous Pest Surveillance and Monitoring Constitute a Tool for Sustainable Agriculture: Case of Xylella fastidiosa in Morocco." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031485.

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Climate and trade changes are reshaping the cartographic distribution of lethal pervasive pathogens. Among serious emerging challenges is Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), a xylem-limited phytopathogenic bacterium that produces losses and damages to numerous crops of high economic and agronomic importance. Lately, this grave quarantine pathogen has expended its distribution by arriving to several European countries and infecting both wild and cultivated plants, and no cure has been identified so far. Countries without current outbreaks like Morocco, need to monitor theirs crops frequently because detecting diseases in the early stages may reduce the huge losses caused by Xf. For that purpose, inspections were managed in different regions in Morocco from March 2020 to July 2021 to assess the presence of Xf in several growing areas of vulnerable economic crops (i.e., almond, citrus and olive). To extend the likelihood of detection, hosts have been inspected and sampled randomly over different environments including symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. Each sample was screened for the existence of Xf by using the DAS-ELISA commercial kit, while, further analyses were carried out for doubtful samples, by PCR. Results of both tests did not show any positive sample in the investigated areas. This finding is an update on the Xf situation in Morocco and confirms that this country is still a free territory from this bacterium, at least in the monitored regions.

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13

Boston, William, Diana Leemon, and John Paul Cunningham. "Virulence Screen of Beauveria Bassiana Isolates for Australian Carpophilus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Beetle Biocontrol." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081207.

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Carpophilus beetles are serious pests of Australian fruit and nut crops, causing significant damage through adult and larval feeding and vectoring plant diseases. Six strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana ((Balsamo) Vuillemin; Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), isolated from a range of hosts in Australia, together with one commercial strain, were screened for virulence to adult and larval stages of Carpophilus attacking stone fruits (C. davidsoni (Dobson)) and almonds (C. truncatus (Murray)) under laboratory conditions. The two species differed significantly in their susceptibility to the B. bassiana isolates. In the adult beetle assay, C. truncatus had a maximum Abbott’s control corrected mortality of 19% when treated with the most effective isolate, B54, compared to 52% for C.davidsoni. In larval bioassays, mortality rates for the two species were generally higher than adults: four isolates caused greater than 80% mortality in C. davidsoni; while only one isolate was considered effective against C. truncatus (causing 73% mortality), all other isolates caused less than 40% mortality. The results indicate promising potential for B. bassiana to be applied as a biopesticide as part of an integrated pest management strategy, which might take the form of a soil application against larvae or an autodissemination program using adult beetles.

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Esonbayev, Sh, A. Khasanov, and A. Kholliev. "Almond pest in forest agrobiocenosis and measures against them." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 04028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125804028.

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In this research, almond pets in forests and identified measures were studied. According to the results of the research, the main pests of the genus Lepidoptera in forestry were almonds (Erschoviella musculana Ersch.), Oriental fruit on the branches, unequal silkworm on the leaves (Lymantria dispar L.) and fragrant wood on the body). It was noted that walnut pest was the dominant among the observed pests. The results of the experiment on almond pests represented that 12 species of entomophagous almonds were recorded, including Braconidae, Trichogrammatidae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcidoidae, Pteromalidae, Encyrtidae, Tachinidae, Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae. Furthermore, representatives of the families of Miridae, including Microgaster nemorum Hrtg., Microdus rufipes Nees., Macrocentrus delicatus Cress., Ascogaster quadridentatus Trichogramma embryophagum Htg., Trichogramma evanescens Gir., Diadegma armillatus Grav., Pimpla inquisitor Scop., Liotrifon punctulatus were identified. Avaunt with 15% (0.5 l/ha) and Mospilan with 20% (0.4 kg/ha) were used against the main almond pests, and biological efficiency was achieved by 88.8% and 94.8%, correspondingly.

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Pires, E. M., E. Q. Souza, R. M. Nogueira, M. A. Soares, T. K. R. Dias, and M. A. Oliveira. "Damage caused by Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Stored Brazil nut." Scientific Electronic Archives 10, no. 1 (February 19, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1012017418.

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Tribolium castaneum is an insect that occurs worldwide and it is a pest that attacks stored products, in particular, grains and seeds. The adult and immature forms are categorized as secondary pests which feed on grains or seeds previously damage in storage conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the type of damage caused by adults and immature of T. castaneum in Brazil nuts and identify the type of damage caused by Coleoptera. It was also verified whether the shell can protect the almond from the attack of this pest. The lesions inflicted by this insect starts as a scratched surface, which evolves into galleries and even injuries capable of modifying the original shape of the almond. Due to its capacity to promote considerable damage with consequent losses in the value of the nuts, T. castaneum may be listed among pests of Brazil nut categorized as primary pest by its ability to initiate injuries in the intact almond.

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Lesmes-Vesga, Ricardo A., Liliana M. Cano, Mark A. Ritenour, Ali Sarkhosh, José X. Chaparro, and Lorenzo Rossi. "Rootstocks for Commercial Peach Production in the Southeastern United States: Current Research, Challenges, and Opportunities." Horticulturae 8, no. 7 (July 4, 2022): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070602.

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The Southeastern United States is facing agriculture crises, such as the ongoing epidemic of citrus greening disease that has forced the region to begin looking into alternative crops. Some of these belong to the Rosaceae genus Prunus, which encompasses many economically important species such as peaches, almonds, cherries, plums, and more. Peach production in Florida has become a very promising alternative to citrus; however, there are different limitations and challenges that peach production faces in this region. Differing climates coupled with edaphic challenges such as salinity, alkalinity, and waterlogging have been the focus of much of the research into the viability of peach production in the region. Using the genetic diversity of the Prunus genus is crucial to the success of peach as an alternative crop, due to the nature of its propagation on rootstocks. The development of new rootstock cultivars has been—and continues to be—the most efficient way not only to deal with the variety of problems associated with the climate and soil mentioned above but also to mitigate the effects of pests and diseases. The vegetative propagation of stone fruit rootstocks also has distinct advantages that seed propagation cannot achieve, including tree performance uniformity and the multiplication of interspecific hybrids. Tools used to select the best-performing rootstocks for the area such as the root system architecture (RSA) analysis are fundamental to this development process to ensure that the rootstock cultivars with the traits needed for success in the region are selected. This narrative review lays out all the challenges facing southeastern peach production in detail, discussing the research into these challenges and highlighting the tools that are most crucial to the success of peach production in the region to create a resource for researchers, growers, and breeders to more easily access this information.

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17

Gouk, C. "Almond diseases and disorders." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1109 (February 2016): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1109.40.

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Riahi, Elham, Yaghoub Fathipour, Ali A. Talebi, and Mohammad Mehrabadi. "Interactions among food diets and rearing substrates affect development and population growth rate of Typhlodromus bagdasarjani." Systematic and Applied Acarology 23, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.9.11.

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Notwithstanding the advantageous traits of Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein and Arutunjan to feed on alternative food such as pollen ensuring the long-term control of greenhouses pests, the nutritional ecology and the role of this predator in biological pest control are rarely addressed. In the current study, the predator’s development and reproduction on three food sources including Tetranychus urticae Koch, almond pollen, as well as T. urticae+ almond pollen; and the no food condition were evaluated. Additionally, all diets were tested on both artificial and leaf-based substrates to assess the potential host plant effects on the predator’s performance. Although all larvae on both rearing substrates successfully developed into protonymphal stage, they did not succeed to reach the next stage. Development of T. bagdasarjani was shorter, both female and male, on artificial substrate mainly feeding on almond pollen. Females feeding on almond pollen and almond pollen + T. urticae on artificial substrates had the highest intrinsic and finite rate of increase as well as oviposition rate. Consequently, almond pollen could be used as a conservation management tool to support the early buildup of pre-established natural populations of T. bagdasarjani in open field crops.

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Talhouk, A. S. "Contributions to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 78, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1975.tb04186.x.

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Talhouk, A. S. "Contributions to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 78, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1975.tb04198.x.

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Talhouk, A. S. "Contribution to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 80, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1976.tb03312.x.

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Nijveldt, W., and A. S. Talhouk. "Contributions to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 80, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1976.tb03334.x.

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Talhouk, A. S. "Contributions to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 83, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1977.tb02384.x.

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Talhouk, A. S. "Contribution to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries1." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 83, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1977.tb02396.x.

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Talhouk, A. S. "Contributions to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 84, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1977.tb04284.x.

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Talhouk, A. S. "Contributions to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 87, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1978.tb02422.x.

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Raman, K. V. "SURVEY OF DISEASES AND PESTS IN AFRICA: PESTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 213 (September 1987): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.213.15.

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Socias i Company, Rafel, Ossama Kodad, José M. Alonso, and Antonio J. Felipe. "‘Mardía’ Almond." HortScience 43, no. 7 (December 2008): 2240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.7.2240.

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‘Mardía’ is a new almond cultivar released because of its good agronomical traits and very late blooming time, 2 weeks later than ‘Felisia’, the latest blooming cultivar released so far. It is characterized by its slightly upright growth habit, early ripening, high and regular bloom density, autogamy (S6Sf genotype), high fruit set, tolerance to diseases, hard shell, large kernel, very high content of oleic acid, and low content of linoleic acid.

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Joyce, Andrea L., Apurba K. Barman, David Doll, and Bradley S. Higbee. "Assessing Feeding Damage from Two Leaffooted Bugs, Leptoglossus clypealis Heidemann and Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), on Four Almond Varieties." Insects 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100333.

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Leaffooted bugs (Leptoglossus spp; Hemiptera: Coreidae) are phytophagous insects native to the Western Hemisphere. In California, Leptoglossus clypealis and Leptoglossus zonatus are occasional pests on almonds. Early season feeding by L. clypealis and L. zonatus leads to almond drop, while late season feeding results in strikes on kernels, kernel necrosis, and shriveled kernels. A field cage study was conducted to assess feeding damage associated with L. clypealis and L. zonatus on four almond varieties, Nonpareil, Fritz, Monterey, and Carmel. The objectives were to determine whether leaffooted bugs caused significant almond drop, to pinpoint when the almond was vulnerable, and to determine the final damage at harvest. Branches with ~20 almonds were caged and used to compare almond drop and final damage in four treatments: (1) control branches, (2) mechanically punctured almonds, (3) adult Leptoglossus clypealis, and (4) adult Leptoglossus zonatus. Replicates were set up for eight weeks during two seasons. Early season feeding resulted in higher almond drop than late season, and L. zonatus resulted in greater drop than L. clypealis. The almond hull width of the four varieties in the study did not influence susceptibility to feeding damage. The final damage assessment at harvest found significant levels of kernel strikes, kernel necrosis, and shriveled almonds in bug feeding cages, with higher levels attributed to L. zonatus than L. clypealis. Further research is warranted to develop an Integrated Pest Management program with reduced risk controls for L. zonatus.

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Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Wheat Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 159, no. 4 (October 5, 2010): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01750.x.

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Yuldosheva, D., O. Khujaev, R. Gulmurodov, and Sh Gulmurodova. "Study on protective measures against diseases of almonds caused by fungi: A case study in Tashkent region of Uzbekistan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012088.

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Abstract Among the fruit trees, almond has a special place and is an ancient and traditional type of fruit crop for many countries of the world. Leading research centers around the world have conducted research to study the prevalence, development, damage, and control measures of the almond tree fungi Stigmina carpophila and Monilinia cinerea, which cause widespread perforated spot and moniliosis burns. As a result, it was possible to preserve the almond crop lost under the influence of these diseases. Even today, research aimed at developing effective measures to control the fungal diseases of the almond tree remains relevant.

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Freeman, M., C. Walters, M. A. Thorpe, and T. Gradziel. "Endocarp Structural Components of Insect Resistance in Almond." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 526d—526. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.526d.

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Almond, as with other stone fruit, possesses a highly lignified endocarp or shell. The dominant hard-shelled trait (D-) is positively associated with greater resistant to insect infestation than nuts expressing the paper-shelled (dd) trait. Hard-shelled genotypes have undesirable effects, including a lower kernel meat-to-nut crack-out ratio, greater kernel damage during mechanical shelling, and a reduction in plant energy available to kernel development. Histogenic analysis shows that the almond endocarp, unlike peach, has a tri-partite structure. Insect feeding studies have subsequently demonstrated that the inner endocarp layer, which is similar in both hard and paper-shelled types, is the most important structural barrier to insect infestation. Shell-seal integrity and X-ray studies have confirmed that discontinuities at the inner endocarp suture seal are the primary, though not the sole site of entry for insect pests. Paper-shelled almond selections with highly lignified and well-sealed inner endocarps show resistance levels comparable to hard shelled types but with crack-out ratios 30% to 40% higher. Pseudo-paper-shelled types have also been selected, in which a highly lignified outer endocarp is formed, but is retained by the fruit hull at dehiscence. An understanding of endocarp morphology and development is thus important in breeding for insect resistance as well as the commercial utilization of both kernel and hull.

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Di Terlizzi, B., M. Digiaro, and V. Savino. "PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON VIRUS LIKE DISEASES OF ALMOND." Acta Horticulturae, no. 373 (September 1994): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.373.42.

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Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring pests and diseases of linen." Защита и карантин растений, no. 5 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_5_25.

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Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring of legume pests and diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 3 (2022): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_3_22.

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Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Compendium of Hop Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 158, no. 5 (May 2010): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01617.x.

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Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Compendium of Beet Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 158, no. 5 (May 2010): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01626.x.

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Kidd, Hamish, and Len Copping. "BCPC Conference 2000 - Pests and Diseases." Pesticide Outlook 12, no. 1 (2001): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b100807m.

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Choi, Won Il, and Young-Seuk Park. "Management of Forest Pests and Diseases." Forests 13, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111765.

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The occurrence patterns of forest insect pests and diseases have been altered by global events such as climate change. Recent developments in improved monitoring methods and tools for data analyses provide new opportunities to understand the causes and consequences of such changes. Using a variety of management tools, forest pest management programs can mitigate the influence of global changes on forest health. The goal of this Special Issue is to improve our understanding of the root causes of changes that have induced global changes. Fifteen papers are included in this Special Issue, covering several issues in forest pest management. One paper reviews the causes of Korean oak wilt, and another paper discusses fourteen invasive tree pests in Russia. The remaining thirteen papers cover issues related to the monitoring and management of forest pests. These studies provide a better understanding of the causes of change in the patterns of forest pests under the influence of global changes. These reviews also contribute to the development of forest-pest-management strategies to mitigate such impacts on forests due to global changes.

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Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring of potato pests and diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 11 (2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_11_20.

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Mikhina, N. G., and Yu V. Bukhonova. "Monitoring of cabbage pests and diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 12 (2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_12_14.

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Choi and Park. "Monitoring, Assessment and Management of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100865.

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Forest pests are one of the most important factors disturbing forest ecosystems, by impacting forestry economy, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainable ecosystem management. Monitoring the occurrence of forest pests offers clues to understand their impacts on the forest ecosystem and develop a sustainable ecosystem management strategy. This special issue is designed to create a better understanding of the changes and impacts of forest pests according to forest changes, caused by natural or anthropogenic causes. There are 13 papers published in this special issue, covering several issues concerning forest pests. Two of the papers reviewed the changes in forest pests in Korea or Poland. The remaining twelve papers covered issues concerning the monitoring, assessment, and management of forest pests. Through this special issue, we expect to contribute towards the improvement of our knowledge of the structures and processes in forest ecosystems relating to forest pests and fundamental information for the effective management of forest pests.

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Luo, She Zhou, and Cheng Wang. "Forest Pests and Diseases Forecasting Based on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2945.

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Geographic Information System (GIS) has been widely applied to the field of pest management, which provides the new ways and methods for integrated pest research, prevention and control. The main purpose of this study is to forecast and manage forest pests and diseases. For this purpose, I developed the forest pests diseases forecast system, by using ArcObjects (AO) and Visual Basic as the secondary development platform. The system is able to synthetically analyze and judge relevant data, such as weather forecast and tree species, according to the occurrence laws of the forest pests and diseases and the characteristics of biology. The system uses Markov chain and other methods to forecast the occurrence period, amount, scope and the degree of harm of pests and diseases. To validate the reliability of Markov chain model, the pests and diseases data of Liu'an City of Anhui Province, in China from 1975 to 2001, to be applied. The results show that the method used is reliable. The occurrence area and location of forest pests and diseases can be labelled and displayed on the electronic map with three-dimension.

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Ledbetter, Craig A., and Elizabeth E. Rogers. "Differential Susceptibility of Prunus Germplasm (Subgenus Amygdalus) to a California Isolate of Xylella fastidiosa." HortScience 44, no. 7 (December 2009): 1928–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.7.1928.

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Seedling peach (Prunus persica Batsch) and clonal peach–almond hybrids are popular rootstock choices for commercial almond growers in California. In this study, clonal replicates of peach and almond [P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] rootstock germplasm and a first-generation peach–almond hybrid created from them were challenged with Xylella fastidiosa isolate M23. Clonal replicates were needle-inoculated with M23 and maintained in a greenhouse environment for a growing season. Typical almond leaf scorch disease symptoms began to develop on M23-inoculated almonds 11 weeks after inoculation. No leaf scorch symptoms were observed on M23-inoculated peach or peach–almond hybrids. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed consistent levels of X. fastidiosa DNA among inoculated almond replicates, whereas X. fastidiosa DNA was undetectable in replicates of peach–almond hybrids. A trace level of X. fastidiosa DNA was detected in a single peach replicate, and statistical analysis demonstrated that this level differed significantly (P < 0.001) from that detected in almond replicates. Selected almonds were further sampled sequentially along their meristematic axes to examine bacterial titer throughout the trees. Selected almond trees differed significantly (P = 0.036) in bacterial titer, but no significant differences were noted in levels of X. fastidiosa from different vertical sections of the main growth axes. The results suggest that peach and peach–almond hybrid rootstock germplasm used by commercial almond tree nurseries in California are not primary inoculum sources for X. fastidiosa-induced diseases.

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Fawrou Seye, Amadou Fall, Cheikh Abdou Khadre Dia, Mamour Toure, Raymond Demba Ndione, and Mady Ndiaye. "Effect of neem derivatives (Azacdirachta indica) on the mango mealybug (Rastrococcus invadens) for biological control." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.10.3.0215.

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Pest insects are a major constraint on fruit production in Senegal. In order to find an alternative to the chemical control of these pests, the insecticidal effect of neem derivatives (Azadirachta indica) formulated at different doses on the mango mealybug (Rastrococcus invadens) was studied. The powders obtained from the different parts of the neem were mixed with distilled water in different proportions, namely for 100ml 0g (control), 1g, 2g, 4g, 8g, 16g, 32g, 64g and 124g. The whole, consisting of water and powders of the different parts of neem, was homogenized. For each treatment, 5 repetitions were made over 5 days. The results obtained show that neem significantly reduced the populations of mealybug on the mango tree. The results also showed that neem is a very effective insecticide against these pests. This effectiveness is all the more important with almond derivatives (100% mortality at a dose of 32g per 100ml) compared to other neem derivatives.

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Phophi, Mutondwa M., and Paramu L. Mafongoya. "Constraints to Vegetable Production Resulting from Pest and Diseases Induced by Climate Change and Globalization: A Review." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n10p11.

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Vegetable production worldwide is constrained by pests and diseases which effects are exacerbated by climate change and variability. Greenhouse gas emissions are also increasing due to poor agricultural practices and other human activities. This will continue to have a negative impact on the prevalence of insect pests and diseases. This review focuses on the climatic factors that impact on insect pests and diseases of vegetable crops. High atmospheric temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide increases pest development, survival of pests and distribution of pest to new areas. The distribution of insect pests and diseases are not due to climate changes only but are also a result of globalisation and poor biosecurity measures at country borders. There is limited information on the distribution of pests and diseases due to globalisation in African countries. New exotic pests will continue to be introduced to countries if biosecurity measures are not improved. Future research must focus on how to manage emerging pests and diseases influenced by high temperatures and carbon dioxide and other climatic conditions which influence pest severity under smallholder farmers in the southern African regions.

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Zirak, L., M. Bahar, and A. Ahoonmanesh. "Characterization of Phytoplasmas Associated With Almond Diseases in Iran." Journal of Phytopathology 157, no. 11-12 (April 9, 2009): 736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01567.x.

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ANTONIOU, P. P., E. C. TJAMOS, and N. TOKALIS. "Serious fungal and bacterial diseases of almond in Greece." EPPO Bulletin 27, no. 4 (December 1997): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1997.tb00674.x.

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Zhang, Yin’e, and Yong Ping Liu. "Identification of Navel Orange Diseases and Pests Based on the Fusion of DenseNet and Self-Attention Mechanism." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (September 2, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5436729.

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The prevention and control of navel orange pests and diseases is an important measure to ensure the yield of navel oranges. Aiming at the problems of slow speed, strong subjectivity, high requirements for professional knowledge required, and high identification costs in the identification methods of navel orange pests and diseases, this paper proposes a method based on DenseNet and attention. The power mechanism fusion (DCPSNET) identification method of navel orange diseases and pests improves the traditional deep dense network DenseNet model to realize accurate and efficient identification of navel orange diseases and pests. Due to the difficulty in collecting data of navel orange pests and diseases, this article uses image enhancement technology to expand. The experimental results show that, in the case of small samples, compared with the traditional model, the DCPSNET model can accurately identify different types of navel orange diseases and pests images and the accuracy of identifying six types of navel orange diseases and pests on the test set is as high as 96.90%. The method proposed in this paper has high recognition accuracy, realizes the intelligent recognition of navel orange diseases and pests, and also provides a way for high-precision recognition of small sample data sets.

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Nguru, Wilson, and Caroline Mwongera. "Predicting the future climate-related prevalence and distribution of crop pests and diseases affecting major food crops in Zambia." PLOS Climate 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): e0000064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000064.

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Environmental factors determine the suitability of natural habitats for crop pests and often facilitate their proliferation and that of the crop diseases they carry. Crop pests and diseases damage food crops, significantly reducing yields for these commodities and threatening food security in developing, predominantly agricultural economies. Given its impact on environmental factors, climate change is an important determinant of crop pest and disease distribution. This study uses Targeting Tools, a climate suitability analysis and mapping toolkit, to explore the potential impact of climate change on select environmental factors linked to crop pest and associated diseases’ proliferation. Based on the existing literature, prediction modeling was performed on 21 key pests and diseases that impact the major food crops for Zambian consumption. Future changes in habitat suitability for these crop pests and diseases were mapped based on their optimal temperature and relative humidity conditions for proliferation. Results project that there will be an overall increased geographical spread of suitable habitats for crop pests (and as follows, crop diseases) that thrive in warmer environments. By the 2030s, crop pests and diseases will increasingly spread across Zambia, with a higher likelihood of occurrence projected under RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. Crop pests and diseases that thrive in cooler environments will experience decreasing habitat suitability in the 2030s, but will transition to a slower decrease in the 2050s under RCPs 2.6 and 4.5. Overall crop pest and disease habitat suitability will continue to rise slowly in the 2050s; RCP 8.5 shows an increased habitat suitability for crop pests and diseases that thrive in warm environments, with a decreased likelihood of occurrence for crop pests and diseases that thrive in cooler environments. The results highlight the need for future-facing, long-term climate adaptation and mitigation measures that create less suitable microclimates for crop pests and diseases.

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