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Journal articles on the topic "Almon's method"
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BANSAL, ANIKA, THOMAS M. JONES, SHIRIN J. ABD, MICHELLE D. DANYLUK, and LINDA J. HARRIS. "Most-Probable-Number Determination of Salmonella Levels in Naturally Contaminated Raw Almonds Using Two Sample Preparation Methods." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 1986–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.11.1986.
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Pathogens occurring in particulate foods may be unevenly distributed, which may impact interpretation of most-probable-number (MPN) values. The MPN analysis of Salmonella in naturally contaminated raw almonds was conducted using two sample preparation methods. Raw almond kernels (3,698 samples) and inshell almonds (455 samples) were collected from almond processors throughout California during the 2006 and 2007 harvests, and 100-g samples were enriched for Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella on kernels and inshell almonds was 1.6 and 0.9%, respectively, in 2006, and 0.83 and 2.2%, respectively, in 2007. Almond kernel samples from 2006 were further enriched for Salmonella, and levels of the organism were determined for positive samples by three-tube MPN analysis (25 g, 2.5 g, 0.25 g). Almonds were either divided into subsamples prior to blending and enrichment (method A), or samples were blended in enrichment broth prior to preparation of subsamples (method B). Salmonella was not isolated (<1.2 MPN/100 g) upon retesting of 19 of 31 (method A) or 23 of 29 (method B) positive samples. When detected, levels were 1.4 to 15.5 MPN/100 g (average 2.3 MPN/100 g) or 1.4 to 18.3 MPN/100 g (average 2.1 MPN/100 g) using methods A or B, respectively. A total of 23 different Salmonella serovars were identified from the original almond samples. Salmonella Muenchen was the most frequently isolated serovar (15%) from the 53 Salmonella-positive samples, followed by Newport (12%), Enteritidis (10%), and Typhimurium (8%). No correlation was found between presence of Salmonella and E. coli levels, aerobic plate counts, or counts of yeasts or molds.
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Torres, Irina, María-Teresa Sánchez, Miguel Vega-Castellote, and Dolores Pérez-Marín. "Fraud Detection in Batches of Sweet Almonds by Portable Near-Infrared Spectral Devices." Foods 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061221.
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One of the key challenges for the almond industry is how to detect the presence of bitter almonds in commercial batches of sweet almonds. The main aim of this research is to assess the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) by means of using portable instruments in the industry to detect batches of sweet almonds which have been adulterated with bitter almonds. To achieve this, sweet almonds and non-sweet almonds (bitter almonds and mixtures of sweet almonds with different percentages (from 5% to 20%) of bitter almonds) were analysed using a new generation of portable spectrophotometers. Three strategies (only bitter almonds, bitter almonds and mixtures, and only mixtures) were used to optimise the construction of the non-sweet almond training set. Models developed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) correctly classified 86–100% of samples, depending on the instrument used and the strategy followed for constructing the non-sweet almond training set. These results confirm that NIR spectroscopy provides a reliable, accurate method for detecting the presence of bitter almonds in batches of sweet almonds, with up to 5% adulteration levels (lower levels should be tested in future studies), and that this technology can be readily used at the main steps of the production chain.
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Mandalari, Giuseppina, Myriam M. L. Grundy, Terri Grassby, Mary L. Parker, Kathryn L. Cross, Simona Chessa, Carlo Bisignano, et al. "The effects of processing and mastication on almond lipid bioaccessibility using novel methods of in vitro digestion modelling and micro-structural analysis." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 9 (September 15, 2014): 1521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514002414.
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A number of studies have demonstrated that consuming almonds increases satiety but does not result in weight gain, despite their high energy and lipid content. To understand the mechanism of almond digestion, in the present study, we investigated the bioaccessibility of lipids from masticated almonds during in vitro simulated human digestion, and determined the associated changes in cell-wall composition and cellular microstructure. The influence of processing on lipid release was assessed by using natural raw almonds (NA) and roasted almonds (RA). Masticated samples from four healthy adults (two females, two males) were exposed to a dynamic gastric model of digestion followed by simulated duodenal digestion. Between 7·8 and 11·1 % of the total lipid was released as a result of mastication, with no significant differences between the NA and RA samples. Significant digestion occurred during the in vitro gastric phase (16·4 and 15·9 %) and the in vitro duodenal phase (32·2 and 32·7 %) for the NA and RA samples, respectively. Roasting produced a smaller average particle size distribution post-mastication; however, this was not significant in terms of lipid release. Light microscopy showed major changes that occurred in the distribution of lipid in all cells after the roasting process. Further changes were observed in the surface cells of almond fragments and in fractured cells after exposure to the duodenal environment. Almond cell walls prevented lipid release from intact cells, providing a mechanism for incomplete nutrient absorption in the gut. The composition of almond cell walls was not affected by processing or simulated digestion.
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Mayanja, Ismael Kilinya, Michael C. Coates, Franz Niederholzer, and Irwin R. Donis-González. "Development of a Stockpile Heated and Ambient Air Dryer (SHAD) for Freshly Harvested Almonds." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 3 (2021): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14364.
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HighlightsAlmonds are conventionally sun-dried on the orchard floor. Collection and removal of dried nuts from the orchard generates significant dust.Almonds were dried on-farm directly from the almond tree eliminating field drying.SHAD dryer uses a combination of heated and ambient air to dry almonds in a stockpile.The dryer has a SMER of 0.64 kg/kWh, MER of 1.02 kg/h, and COP of 1.33.Abstract. Dust generated by farming activities is a safety hazard to farmworkers and an environmental contaminant. During the almond (Prunus dulcis) harvest in California, dust is primarily generated by the mechanized movement of almonds disturbing the bare soil of the orchard floor, during the sun-drying, windrowing process, and as they are transferred into trucks for transport to processing facilities. Off-ground dust-less harvesting will only be achieved when the almond industry adopts feasible mechanical drying methods. Therefore, a stockpile heated and ambient air dryer (SHAD) was developed to determine the feasibility of dehydrating almonds (Var. ‘Monterey’). A stockpile containing 4,155 kg of almonds was created and almonds were dehydrated from their initial 12.6% almond kernel dry-basis moisture content (MCdb) to final MCdb of 6.04%. Drying was achieved as a combination of heated air at a temperature of 55°C in the drying plenum with airflow of 0.078 m3/s per m3 of fresh almonds. After drying, almond quality parameters were measured, including damage by molds or decay, insect injury, and presence of internal cavities. Drying energy consumption, cost, and performance indicators were also determined. The differences in MCdb between the bottom, middle, and top layers of the almond stockpile were significant (p = 0.05). Post-hoc Tuckey test was conducted which indicated that the MCdb in the top layer was significantly lower than almond MCdb in the middle and bottom layers. Results showed that damage by molds or decay, insect injury, and internal cavities were 1.81%, 0%, and 1.77%, respectively, after drying. Therefore, the overall almond quality was not compromised. The drying process cost $11.65 per tonne of the initial weight of almonds with a Specific Moisture Extraction Rate (SMER) of 0.64 kg/kWh, Moisture Extraction Rate (MER) of 1.02 kg/h, and a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 1.33. Comparison with other dryers in the literature shows that SMER and MER were within limits. However, a low COP was observed. Keywords: Dust, Energy, Postharvest, Stockpile drying, Tree nut.s
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Madan, Jagmeet, Panchali Moitra, Sharvari Desai, Sheryl Salis, Rekha Battalwar, Anushree Mehta, Rachana Kamble, et al. "Effect of Almond Consumption on Metabolic Risk Factors - Glucose, Hyperinsulinemia, Inflammatory Markers: A Randomized Controlled Trial in 16–25 year olds in Mumbai City." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_075.
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Abstract Objectives A large percentage of Indian population has diabetes or is at risk of pre-diabetes. Almond consumption has shown benefits on cardio metabolic risk factors in adults. The present study explored the effect of almond consumption on determinants of metabolic dysfunction - blood glucose, insulin, selected inflammatory markers and oxidant damage in adolescents and young adults aged 16–25 years from Mumbai city. Daily almond consumption will reduce insulin levels, selected pro-inflammatory markers, improve lipid profile of 16–25 year old persons. Methods This cluster randomized trial was conducted on individuals with impaired levels of glucose (fasting glucose (5.6–6.9 mmol/L), 2 h post-glucose (7.8–11.0 mmol/L) and/or insulin (fasting insulin(≥15 mIU/ml)/glucose challenge insulin(≥80 mIU/ml). 421 individuals were selected after screening 1313 individuals. The almonds group (n = 107) consumed 56gm almonds daily for 90 days and was compared with a control group (n = 112) who consumed an iso-caloric snack for the same period. Blood samples were analysed at baseline, endline for glucose, insulin, HbA1C, LDL, HDL, TC, ox-LDL, TG, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin, leptin. Body fat (%), visceral fat, weight, were measured. HOMA-IR, FG: FI ratio, BMI, WHR, WHtR were calculated. Dietary intakes were assessed at baseline, endline using 24-hour recall. Results Baseline values for all measurements, macronutrient intakes did not differ significantly between the two groups. Changes in anthropometric measurements between baseline and endline were not significantly different in both groups. Percent body fat increased in both groups but was four times more in the control than the almonds group. Almond consumption significantly decreased HbA1C, total cholesterol, LDL-C, IL-6. Stimulated insulin decreased post-intervention in both groups, but was greater in almonds group. FG: FI ratio decreased in almonds group. TNF-α decreased in almonds group while it increased in control group. Conclusions The present study shows the directionality for almond consumption to reduce inflammatory markers, total, LDL cholesterol levels and HbA1C levels in adolescents and young adults who were at risk for developing diabetes. Thus, almonds can be considered as one of the food-based strategies for preventing pre-diabetes. Funding Sources Research grant from Almond Board of California.
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Henning, Susanne, Jason Li, Gail Thames, Omar Bari, Patrick Tran, Chi-Hong Tseng, David Heber, Jenny Kim, and Zhaoping Li. "Almond Consumption Increased UVB Resistance in Healthy Asian Women." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab037_029.
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Abstract Objectives Almonds are a rich source of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, which have antioxidant activity. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that topical application of almond oil and almond skin extract reduces UVB-induced photoaging. Ultraviolet-B (UVB) protection by oral almond consumption has not been previously studied in humans. It was the objective to investigate whether oral almond consumption can increase resistance to UVB radiation and reduce skin aging in healthy Asian women. Methods Thirty-nine female participants (18–45 years) with Fitzpatrick skin type II-IV were randomly assigned to consume either 1.5 oz of almonds or 1.8 oz of pretzels daily for 12 weeks. Minimal erythema dose (MED) was determined using a standardized protocol, which determined the minimal radiation inducing erythema on the inner arm 24 hours following UVB exposure. Facial skin texture was evaluated by two dermatologists using the Clinician's Erythema Assessment scale and Allergan Roughness scale. Facial melanin index, hydration, sebum, and erythema were determined using a cutometer. Results Women who consumed almonds, experienced a significant increase in MED from 415 ± 64 to 487 ± 59 (18.7 ± 19.2%, P = 0.006) from baseline to week 12 compared to women in the pretzel group from 415 ± 67 to 421 ± 67 (1.8 ± 11.1%). The exposure time to reach minimal erythema was also increased significantly in the almond group from 160 ± 23 to 187 ± 25 (17.5 ± 22.2%) compared to the pretzel group from 165 ± 27 to 166 ± 25 (1.7 ± 14%) (p=0.026). There were no differences noted between the groups consuming almonds versus pretzels in Allergan roughness, melanin, hydration, or sebum on facial skin. Conclusions Our findings suggest that daily oral almond consumption may lead to enhanced protection from UVB photodamage by increasing the MED. Protection from other UV radiation was not tested and therefore almond consumption will not replace other methods of sun protection such as application of sunscreen or wearing protective closing. Funding Sources Almond Board of California.
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Johnson, Elizabeth, Jelena Mustra Rakic, Jirayu Tanprasertsuk, Tammy M. Scott, Helen Rasmussen, Emily S. Mohn, and Oliver Chen. "Effects of Daily Almond Consumption for Six Months on Cognitive Measures in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_029.
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Abstract Objectives Cognitive impairment is a major risk factor for the development of dementia. Almonds are rich in nutrients recognized to have beneficial effects on cognitive function. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of almond consumption on cognition in elderly adults. Methods In a 6-mo single-blinded randomized controlled trial the effects of an almond intervention on cognition in healthy middle-aged to older adults were tested. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups: 1.5 oz/d almond (n = 19), 3 oz/d almond (n = 24) or 1.5 oz/d snack mix (matched for macronutrients in 3.0 oz almonds; n = 17). Dietary interviews, serum analyses for tocopherols, magnesium, oxidative status and inflammation biomarkers and cognitive function were assessed at baseline (M0), three (M3) and six (M6) months. Results At M6 serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations were increased by 8% from M0 in the 3 oz almond group (P < 0.05) and no increases were observed in the other groups. Serum markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were not significantly different at M0, M3 and M6 among the three groups. At M6 there were significant improvements in visuospatial working memory, visual memory and learning and spatial planning and working memory in subjects consuming 3 oz/d almonds. The snack mix and 1.5 oz/d almond groups showed no significant changes in these measures. Conclusions The study findings suggest that a long-term intervention with almonds may be an effective dietary strategy for preventing cognitive decline in an older population Funding Sources Almond Board of California, USDA CRIS #8050–51,000-095–02S.
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Reis, Edésio Fialho dos, Jefferson Fernando Naves Pinto, Hildeu Ferreira da Assunção, Antonio Paulino da Costa Netto, and Danielle Fabiola Pereira da Silva. "Characteristics of 137 macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) fruit accessions from Goias, Brazil." Comunicata Scientiae 10, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v10i1.2389.
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Accessions of macaw palm fruits from the State of Goias, Brazil were characterized aiming the identification of groups with similar characteristics and indicate groups with higher agronomic potential, using multivariate tools. Fruit were harvested with completed yellow fruit bunches without whitish scores. The evaluated variables were fruit and almond length, fruit and almond diameters, fruit and dehydrated almond weight, average number of almonds, oil percentage of almond and dried fruit. The genetic diversity of populations was evaluated by Ward’s clustering method and Person´s correlation was obtained to evaluate the relative importance of each characteristic and variance analysis associated with Tukey´s test to verify the group’s effects. The studied population demonstrated great variability. The characteristics that most contributed to the variability were fruit weight and diameter and the almond´s oil percentage. Ward´s group analysis revealed six groups of similarity, being significant for all evaluated characteristics. Group VI stood out for all evaluated characteristics and group III presented the best averages for the almond´s weight and almonds and dried fruit oil percentage.
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Hunter, Stephanie, Robert Considine, and Richard Mattes. "Almond Consumption Decreases Android Fat Mass Percentage in Adults With High Android Subcutaneous Adiposity but Does Not Change HbA1c." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab055_028.
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Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine if the mixed evidence of almond consumption on HbA1c stems from testing people with different body fat distributions (BFD) associated with different risks of glucose intolerance. Methods A 6-month RCT in 134 adults was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to the almond or control treatment based on their BFD. Those in the almond group consumed 0.75 oz of almonds with their breakfast and as their afternoon snack (1.5 oz almonds/day) every day, and were instructed not to consume any other nuts. Those in the control treatment continued their habitual breakfast and afternoon snack routines, but were instructed not to consume any nuts. At 0 and 6 months, body composition was measured and blood samples were collected for analyses of HbA1c, glycemia and lipemia. Appetite and dietary intake data were recorded at 0, 2, 4, and 6 months and a blood sample was obtained for compliance testing. Body weight was measured every two weeks. An intention-to-treat linear mixed model analysis was performed with Bonferroni pairwise comparisons on diet quality, energy intake, HbA1c, and body composition change values. Results Incorporating almonds into the diet increased total diet quality by 8.3 ± 2.1% over the intervention (P = 0.001). Participants consuming almonds ingested 195 ± 87 kcals/day more than participants in the control group (P = 0.027), but this did not result in differences in body weight (P > 0.3). The almond, high android subcutaneous adiposity (SAT) group had a greater reduction in android fat mass % (P = 0.038), preserved android lean mass % (P = 0.042), and tended to decrease android VAT mass (P = 0.079) compared to those in the control, high SAT group. There were no differences of HbA1c between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Incorporating 1.5-oz of almonds into the diet improves diet quality without promoting positive energy balance and weight gain. Long-term consumption of almonds may also improve android composition in those with high android SAT. However, testing people with different BFD does not account for the mixed evidence on almond consumption and HbA1c. Funding Sources This study was funded by the Almond Board of California.
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Khamidov, Arifjon Zhakhongirovich, Hakim Rakhmanovich Tukhtaev, Sabirjan Nigmatovich Aminov, and Bakhtigul Zhavli Kizi Azimova. "PROCESSING OF BITTER ALMOND KERNELS AND OBTAINING EXTRACTS BASED ON THEM." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021027775.
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Mountain almond kernels (seed) processing products are of practical interest as fungicidal, antimicrobial and antiviral substances, and also find application in medicine and cosmetics for various purposes. The composition and some technological properties of seeds of mountain almond seed (Amygdalus communis L. varietas amara DC.). Cultivated in the mountain zones (Bostanlyq) of Uzbekistan were studied. To obtain seeds from cold pressing, fatty oil was separated. The cake was degreased with organic solvents, the residues were dried and ground. Using gas-liquid chromatography, the presence of 3.24% amygdalin in the composition of crushed powder of bitter almonds was established. Spectral analysis of bitter almond powder showed the presence of Mg, P, Ca, K, Si, Sr, Fe, Mn, B, Cu and other elements. The nitrogen content of the powder determined by the Dume method was 5.72 (±0.2)%. Aqueous and ethanol extracts were obtained from bitter almond powder with a yield of 10.5 and 13.2%. Chromatographic analysis of the composition of the extracts showed the presence of 0.0029% amygdalin in aqueous and 27.2% in ethanol extracts. Protein with a yield of 35.25±0.2% was isolated from the studied powder of bitter almonds. The protein is purified by dialysis, centrifugation and identified by IR spectroscopy. The amino acid analysis of the composition of the hydrolyzate protein of bitter almonds showed the presence of glycine, aspartic acid, arginine, glutamine, alanine and other amino acids. Bitter almond seed powder, extracts and protein isolated from it are of practical interest for cosmetology practice.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Almon's method"
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Yong, Kamuela E. "A mathematical model of the interactions between pollinators and their effects on pollination of almonds." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3020.
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California's almond industry, valued at $2.3 billion per year, depends on the pollinator services of honey bees, although pollination by other insects, mainly solitary wild bees, is being investigated as an alternative because of recent declines in the number of honey bee colonies. Our objective is to model the movements of honey bees and determine the conditions under which they will forage in less favorable areas of a tree and its surroundings when other pollinators are present. We hypothesize that foraging in less favorable areas leads to increased movement between trees and increased cross pollination between varieties which is required for successful nut production. We use the Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto model (1979) which describes the density of two species in a two-dimensional environment of variable favorableness with respect to intrinsic diffusions and intra- and interspecific interactions of species. The model is applied to almond pollination by honey bees and other pollinators with environmental favorableness based on the distribution of flowers in trees. Using the spectral-Galerkin method in a rectangular domain, we numerically approximated the two-dimensional nonlinear parabolic partial differential system arising in the model. When cross-diffusion or interspecific effects of other pollinators was high, honey bees foraged in less favorable areas of the tree. High cross-diffusion also resulted in increased activity in honey bees in terms of accelerations, decelerations, and changes in direction, indicating rapid redistribution of densities to an equilibrium state. Empirical analysis of the number of honey bees and other visitors in two-minute intervals to almond trees shows a negative relationship, indicating cross-diffusion effects in nature with the potential to increase movement to a different tree with a more favorable environment, potentially increasing nut production.
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Furlan, Camila Pedrozo Rodrigues. "Especificação do tamanho da defasagem de um modelo dinâmico." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4529.
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Several techniques are proposed to determine the lag length of a dynamic regression model. However, none of them is completely satisfactory and a wrong choice could imply serious problems in the estimation of the parameters. This dissertation presents a review of the main criteria for models selection used in the classical methodology and presents a way for determining the lag length from the perspective Bayesian. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of the significance tests, R2 adjusted, final prediction error, Akaike information criterion, Schwarz information criterion, Hannan-Quinn criterion, corrected Akaike information criterion and fractional Bayesian approach. Two estimation methods are also compared, the ordinary least squares and the Almon approach.
Na literatura, muitas técnicas são propostas para determinar o tamanho da defasagem de um modelo de regressão dinâmico. Entretanto, nenhuma delas é completamente satisfatória e escolhas erradas implicam em sérios problemas na estimação dos parâmetros. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão dos principais critérios de seleção de modelos disponíveis na metodologia clássica, assim como aborda uma maneira de determinar o tamanho da defasagem sob a perspectiva Bayesiana. Um estudo de simulação Monte Carlo é conduzido para comparar a performance dos testes de significância, do R2 ajustado, do erro de predição final, dos critérios de informação de Akaike, Schwarz, Hannan-Quinn e Akaike corrigido e da aproximação Bayesiana fracionada. Também serão comparados os métodos de estimação de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários e de Almon.
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Mach, Radomír. "Dopad spotřeby domácností na životní prostředí." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446401.
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The main goal of this dissertation thesis is to quantify the environmental burden associated with household consumption in the Czech Republic. Emissions of three groups of gases were selected to express the burden on the environment, namely emissions causing climate change, acidification and the formation of photosmog. These emissions arise from the consumption of fuels in households, and they are usually referred to as direct household emissions. Or they arise in the production and distribution of goods and services, and they are usually referred to as indirect household emissions. Although indirect emissions come from combustion in energy production and other industrial processes and agricultural activities, not from households, they are a consequence of household demand for final products. Therefore, such emissions are considered to be a consequence of household consumption. The resulting emission values are given for the average household and households divided into expenditure deciles. Emissions increase with expenditure per household member in total consumption and in individual consumption groups across all deciles. In the case of climate change-related emissions, more than half come from heating (41%) and electricity (21%). For acidification, heating (31%) and food (24%) are the dominant...
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Cuervo, Pliego Mary. "Comparison of Current Almond Pasteurization Methods and Electron Beam Irradiation as an Alternative." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10473.
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Two outbreaks of salmonellosis were linked to the consumption of raw California almonds in 2001 and 2004. Current federal regulations mandate that all almonds grown in California are to be treated with a process that results in a 4-log reduction of Salmonella. Since four out of the five approved technologies to pasteurize almonds rely on the application of heat to control Salmonella, the evaluation of alternative technologies against heat resistant Salmonella Senftenberg was imminent. In this study, almonds that were inoculated with S. Enteritidis PT 30 and S. Senftenberg, were treated with electron beam irradiation (e-beam), blanching and oil roasting. The thermal death time (D-value) for S. Enteritidis PT 30 when treated with e-beam was 0.90 kGy, 15 s when subjected to blanching at 88 degrees C, and 13 s when treated with oil at 127 degrees C. Irradiation and thermal resistance of S. Senftenberg was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from S. Enteritidis PT 30. The commercial application of e-beam as a pathogen intervention was assessed through Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) and experimental measurements. The sensory characteristics of almonds commercially treated by e-beam, blanching and roasting were assessed by a consumer panel. Irradiated and blanched almonds did not differ in consumer overall like (P > 0.05). Bitterness and rancidity attributes of irradiated almonds were between a "dislike slightly" and "dislike moderately", whereas blanched and roasted almonds were between "neither like nor dislike" and "like slightly". Almonds commercially irradiated, blanched and roasted were subjected to an accelerated shelf-life test (ASLT) evaluating percentage free fatty acids, peroxide value, and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). No clear differences between treatments were observed at any given point in time in any of the chemical tests. A gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry-olfactometry (MDGC-MS-O) technology was used to compare full aroma and flavor profiles from raw and e-beam irradiated almonds. Differences in the aroma/odor profile and the taste analysis revealed that the difference between raw and irradiated almonds is extremely subtle. In conclusion, e-beam may be a feasible technology to control Salmonella in almonds if used at low doses, as a part of a series of interventions.
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Costa, Joana Sofia Barros da. "Development and application of molecular-based methods for the detection of tree nut allergens: the cases of almond, hazelnut and walnut." Tese, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/71820.
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Costa, Joana Sofia Barros da. "Development and application of molecular-based methods for the detection of tree nut allergens: the cases of almond, hazelnut and walnut." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/71820.
Full textBooks on the topic "Almon's method"
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Meade, Douglas S., ed. In Quest of the Craft. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-820-0.
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INFORUM is a research project started more than forty five years ago by Clopper Almon. The focus is on the development of dynamic, interindustry, macroeconometric models to forecast the economy in the long run. Over the last 30 years, the Inforum approach to model building has been shared by economists in many different countries. Researchers have focused much of their efforts to developing a linked system of international interindustry models with a consistent methodology. A world-wide network of research associates use similar methods and a common software obtaining comparable results to produce studies of common interest to the group. Inforum partners have shared their research in an annual conference since 1993. The XXII Inforum World Conference was held in Alexandria, Virginia in September 2014 and this book contains a selection of papers presented during the sessions. All these contributions share an empirical and pragmatic orientation that is very useful for policymakers, business, and applied economists. Some papers are devoted to specific topics (productivity, energy, international trade, demographic changes) and some others are oriented to model building and simulations.
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RD, Prevention, ed. Prevention RD's cooking and baking with almond flour: 75 tasty and satisfying recipes to promote a gluten-free lifestyle. 2014.
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Lambert, Edward. Art of Confectionary: Shewing the Various Methods of Preserving All Sorts of Fruits, Dry and Liquid; Viz. Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, Golden Pippins, Wardens, Apricots Green, Almonds, Gooseberries, Cherries, Currants, Plumbs, Raspberies, Peaches, Walnut. HardPress, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Almon's method"
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Jackson, J. F. "Genotype Determination in Almond Nuts for Paternity Analysis." In Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01639-8_1.
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Vahdati, Kourosh, Mohammad Sadat-Hosseini, Pedro Martínez-Gómez, and Maria Antonietta Germanà. "Production of Haploid and Doubled Haploid Lines in Nut Crops: Persian Walnut, Almond, and Hazelnut." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 179–98. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1331-3_12.
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Lynch, Michael E. "Soldier as Teacher." In Edward M. Almond and the US Army, 32–45. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177984.003.0003.
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The years following World War I had proven fruitful for Almond. After another teaching stint, Almond completed the Advanced Course at the Infantry School at Fort Benning and remained as an instructor. He taught in the tactics department, using his experience as Machine gun battalion commander during World War I and caught the eye of the Assistant Commandant, Lt. Col. George C. Marshall, a connection that would benefit him later. After earning praise for his teaching skills, Almond then moved to Fort Leavenworth for the two-year Command and General Staff School. He then Manila to command a battalion of Philippine Scouts, where he pioneered a method of crossing a river using only the unit’s organic equipment. Almond was a canny promoter, and his successful exercise gained him a lot of renown n the Army. He performed well in a variety of assignments and his career mirrored that of his contemporaries.
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Trotter, David. "After Electromagnetism." In The Literature of Connection, 85–109. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850472.003.0004.
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The topic of this chapter is a quickening in the pace of change, in both technology and literature, brought about from the 1880s onwards by the harnessing of electricity’s alliance with magnetism to transform methods of telecommunication. The consequent opening up of the ‘Olympian frequency domain’ (Friedrich Kittler) fundamentally undermined the sovereignty of human consciousness. The chapter explores two uses of the metaphor of lightning in literature, philosophy, anthropology, and folklore: first, to mark the limit of unaided human perception; secondly, to indicate, by an emphasis on the return stroke, that two-way communication between earth and heaven is at least conceivable. The focus is on D. H. Lawrence’s fiction, essays, and poetry (especially the extraordinary ‘Bare Almond Trees’); and on Hope Mirrlees’s encoding of her relationship with the eminent classicist Jane Harrison into Paris (1920), a modernist long poem worthy of comparison with T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land (1922).
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Martinho Simões, José A., and Manuel Minas da Piedade. "Photoacoustic Calorimetry." In Molecular Energetics. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133196.003.0017.
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“Any chemical species, which under ambient conditions (i.e., a temperature around 25°C, and a pressure close to 1 atm) will, for a combination of kinetic and thermodynamic reasons, decay on a timescale ranging from microseconds, or even nanoseconds, to a few minutes” can be classified as a short-lived compound. According to this definition, suggested by Almond, it is clear that the experimental methods described in previous chapters can only be used to study the thermochemistry of long-lived substances. The technique that we address here, known as photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC) or laser-induced optoacoustic calorimetry (LIOAC), is suitable for investigating the energetics of molecules with lifetimes smaller than about 1μs. It relies on the photoacoustic effect, which was discovered by Bell more than 100 years ago. With the assistance of Tainter, he was able to “devise a method of producing sounds by the action of an intermittent beam of light” and conclude that the method “can be adapted to solids, liquids, and gases”. Figure 13.1 shows a photophone, “an apparatus for the production of sound by light,” used by Bell to investigate the photoacoustic effect. The controversy around the origin of this phenomenon was settled by Bell himself and by Lord Rayleigh; their views were rather close to our present understanding: When a light pulse is absorbed by a substance, a given amount of heat is deposited, producing a local thermal expansion; this thermal expansion propagates through the medium, generating sound waves. The basic theory of the photoacoustic effect was described by Tam and Patel and some of its applications were presented in a review by Braslavsky and Heibel. The first use of PAC to determine enthalpies of chemical reactions was reported by the groups of Peters and Braslavsky. The same groups have also played an important role in developing the methodologies to extract those thermodynamic data from the experimentally measured quantities. In the ensuing discussion, we closely follow a publication where the use of the photoacoustic calorimety technique as a thermochemical tool was examined. Consider the elementary design of a photoacoustic calorimeter, shown in figure 13.3. The cell contains the sample, which is, for instance, a dilute solution of a photoreactive species.
Conference papers on the topic "Almon's method"
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Halac, Delila, Emir Sokic, and Emir Turajlic. "Almonds classification using supervised learning methods." In 2017 XXVI International Conference on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies (ICAT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icat.2017.8171603.
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Zhao, Tiebiao, YangQuan Chen, Andrew Ray, and David Doll. "Quantifying Almond Water Stress Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): Correlation of Stem Water Potential and Higher Order Moments of Non-Normalized Canopy Distribution." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68246.
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Optimization of water use relies on accurate measurement of water status of crops. Stem water potential (SWP) has become one of the most popular methods to monitor the water status of almond trees. However, it needs to take twice visit and at least thirty minutes to obtain one measurement, which makes it very difficult to understand the water status information in the orchard level. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based remote sensing promises to deliver reliable and precise field-scale information more efficiently by providing multispectral higher-resolution images with much lower cost and higher flexibility. This paper aims to extract almond water status from UAV-based multispectral images via building the correlation between SWP and vegetation indices. Different from the traditional method that focuses on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) means, higher-order moments of non-normalized canopy distribution descriptors were discussed to model SWP measurements. Results showed that the proposed methods performed better than traditional NDVI mean.
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Maniscalco, Manfredi P., Roberto Volpe, and Antonio Messineo. "Morphological and structural evolution of activated carbons from almond shells." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING ICCMSE 2020. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0047774.
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Chung, Shen Shou Max, and Shih-Chung Tuan. "Comparison of NASA Almond Radar Cross Section Simulation Results from Shoot-Bouncing-Ray Method and Multi-Level-Fast-Multipole-Method." In 2020 International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwem49354.2020.9237433.
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"<i>A Microwave Dielectric Method for Rapid and Nondestructive Determination of Moisture Content and Water Activity of Almonds</i>." In 2019 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201901908.
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