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Academic literature on the topic 'Alluvium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Alluvium"

1

Nordt, Lee. "Late quaternary alluvial stratigraphy of a low-order tributary in central texas, USA and its response to climate and sediment supply." Quaternary Research 62, no. 3 (November 2004): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.07.004.

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This paper presents the first comprehensive late Quaternary alluvial stratigraphic study of a low-order tributary in central Texas, using Cowhouse Creek as a case study. The late Pleistocene Jackson (JA) alluvium forms the elevated T2 terrace. The entrenched Holocene valley is filled with the buried Georgetown (GT) alluvium (approximately 11,000 to 8000 14C yr B.P.) and associated Royalty paleosol, and the surficially exposed Fort Hood (FH) alluvium (approximately 7000 to 5000 14C yr B.P.) and West Range (WR) alluvium (approximately 4200 to 600 14C yr B.P.) forming the broad T1 terrace. The Ford (FO) alluvium (<600 14C yr B.P.) forms the modern T0 floodplain entrenched into T1. Conditioned by cooler and wetter climates, Cowhouse Creek was characterized by relatively high base flow and low sediment supply during deposition of the JA and GT alluvium. Appreciable upland soil erosion ensued during the middle Holocene in response to warmer climate conditions, resulting in widespread valley filling by the FH alluvium. Deposition of the late Holocene WR and F0 alluvium was characterized by diminished sediment storage during relatively stable climate conditions. The temporal alluvial stratigraphic framework of the bedrock-confined Cowhouse Creek valley is out of phase with the alluvial sequence in the larger Brazos River valley.

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Liang, Jian Wen, and Ming Liang Liu. "Nonlinear Amplification of Seismic Ground Motion by Alluvial Valley." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1572.

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This paper studies nonlinear amplification of seismic ground motion by alluvial valley in layered sites. The equivalent linear method is used in dynamic analysis and transmitting boundaries are added at boundaries of the computation region. It is shown that, soil nonlinearity has significant effect on seismic ground motion around alluvial valley. The amplitudes in the case of linear alluvium and soil layers are the largest, those in the case of nonlinear alluvium and soil layers are the smallest, and those in the case of nonlinear alluvium and linear soil layers fall in between. The periods in the case of nonlinear alluvium and soil layers are the longest, those in the case of nonlinear alluvium and soil layers and those in the case of linear alluvium and linear soil layers are almost the same.

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Waag, C. J., and T. G. Lane. "The Borah Peak, Idaho Earthquake of October 28, 1983—Structural Control of Groundwater Eruptions and Sediment Boil Formation in the Chilly Buttes Area." Earthquake Spectra 2, no. 1 (November 1985): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585306.

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Groundwater eruptions attendant to the Borah Peak earthquake formed more than 40 sediment boils. The eruptions were strongly controlled by solution widened fractures in limestone underlying alluvium. The dominant fracture set oriented N15°-20°W is imprinted upon the thin alluvial cover which is a confining layer. The fractures and shear zones in the alluvium served as important conduits for the discharge of groundwater. Water and air expulsed from the underlying carbonate entered the alluvium under high pressure and entrained and fluidized the alluvium forming sediment eruptions. The pressure surge which caused the eruptions probably resulted from a porewater pressure increase caused by compression of the carbonate in the hanging wall as it dropped.

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Yatsyshyn, Andriy, and Andriy Bogucki. "Lithological characteristic of the riverbed alluvium of the sixth terrace of the Dnister–Stryvihor in the Dubrivka section (Forecarpathians)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 49 (December 30, 2015): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8656.

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The main lithological characteristics of riverbed facies of alluvium of the sixth terrace above the floodplain of the Dnister-Stryvihor Rivers (Loyeva level) near Sambir were analysed. The granulometric and petrographic composition of the gravelly-pebble material, its roundness, form and the orientation of grains were characterised. Lithological analyses helped to determine that investigated layer of alluvium are poorly sorted. The three main components of alluvial strata (pebbles, gravel and sand-loamy filler) are present in approximately comparable proportions. Boulders are least common in the composition the alluvium. Coarse material is preferably well and medium rounded. Poorly and very well rounded fragments happen considerably rarely. The preferred direction of transport of fragment materials was Northwest–Southeast. Its direction is approximate to the current of modern Stryvihor. The fragments of the Carpathian rocks (sandstones, siltstones and silicates) dominate in a petrographic composition of coarse-grained alluvial deposits. That means that the Carpathians were the main source of supply of clastic material during the formation of investigated strata of alluvium. The rocks of local origin, which is involved from the bed of alluvium during the cutting of paleoStryvihor in the thickness of pre-Quaternary rocks of the Carpathian Foredeep, were mixed with the fragments of the Carpathian rocks in small amounts. The results of lithological studies show that paleo-Stryvihor accumulated the alluvial strata of Dubrivka section after that time when it had cut into the socle of Torhanovychi terrace up to 8–10 m before the deposition of alluvium. In other words, the preserved fragment of Loyeva level between the villages Torhanovychi and Dubrivka that is on the Dnister-Stryvihor interfluves consists of two terraces of different ages. One of them is a hypsometric higher and older Torhanovychi terrace, which was formed by paleo-Dnister River, and the other one is a hypsometric lower and respectively younger Dubrivka terrace, which was formed by paleo-Stryvihor River. Key words: alluvium, granulometric composition, petrographic composition, roundness of grains, sandstones, siltstones, silicates, gaizes, current of palaeochannel, Loyeva level.

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Husna, Abdullah, Rizka Akmalia, Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat, Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat, Dede Rohmat, Winda Wijayasari, Pascalia Vinca Alvando, and Arif Wijaya. "Groundwater Sustainability Assessment against the Population Growth Modelling in Bima City, Indonesia." Water 15, no. 24 (December 13, 2023): 4262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15244262.

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Most of Indonesia’s population lives in areas with volcanic–alluvium geological characteristics. Based on the national hydrogeological map of the Indonesian Geological Agency, areas with volcanic–alluvium geological conditions have high groundwater potential and potential for groundwater damage. This study aims to test the resilience of groundwater areas with volcanic–alluvial characteristics to population growth. The MODFLOW groundwater model was built based on the site’s volcanic and alluvial geological conditions. This groundwater model was tested against pumping scenarios based on population water demand in 2011–2020 and then predicted population growth until 2030. The result shows that groundwater resilience in volcanic–alluvium locations has different characteristics based on lithology and population density characteristics. Urban areas that are mostly located in alluvium areas tend to have a linear groundwater decline pattern but have the sharpest groundwater decline gradient. In contrast, suburban areas in the alluvium-to-volcanic transition area initially experience exponential groundwater decline but change to linear, while rural areas located in volcanic areas that become the main development target have exponential groundwater decline characteristics. To counteract the continuous depletion of groundwater, researchers conducted a scenario for optimizing surface water use. Based on the results of the scenario, a 60% reduction in groundwater use is sufficient to stop continuous groundwater depletion. The results of this study can be used as a recommendation for long-term water resources management targets for volcanic and alluvium areas that are being targeted for development.

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Yatsyshyn, Andriy, Andriy Bogucki, Danuta Olszewska-Nejbert, and Maciej Bąbel. "Palaeogeographical conditions of the formation of the channel alluvium of the high (Susidovychi) terrace of the Dnister River in the Kulakivtsi section (Podillia-Dnister region)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 52 (June 27, 2018): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2018.52.10196.

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The main lithological characteristics of the channel facies of the Susidovychi terrace, which correspond to the high (situated over the canyon) groups of Dnister terraces, were given. The investigations in the gravel pit at Kulakivtsi proved that the alluvium of the terrace has been formed in two stages. During the first stage, the lower 1.5 thick bed of the alluvium was deposited. The upper one, nearly 4 m thick alluvium bed was formed in the next, second one depositional stage. The stages of the alluvium formation were recorded in the changes of the granulometric and petrographical composition of the alluvium, and of the roundness of the coarse-grained clasts. The transition between these two alluvial beds is outlined by the voluminous intercalations of the sand lenses, and also by a change in the colour of the alluvial deposits. Granulometric composition of the alluvium of the channel facies, in general, changes little in the section. Only in the transition zone from the lower to the upper part of the alluvial deposits, there is a sharp, abrupt increase in the content of gravels and a sharp reduction in the content of boulders. Generally, in the composition of the alluvium two dominant and two subordinate components are clearly identified. The pebble grains and the sandy-clay matrix are the dominant components, whereas the gravel grains and the boulders are less common. Petrographic composition of the coarse-grained fraction of the terrace alluvium proved to be the richest of all the so far investigated sections of the high (situated over the canyon) terraces of the Dnister River (at Kunysivtsi, Ivane-Puste, Repuzhyntsi, and Lysychnyky). The pebbles 40–100 mm in diameter show particularly diverse petrographic composition which includes fragments of nine types of rocks: the four of the Carpathian provenance (sandstone, aleurite, cherts, and quartzite), and the five of the Podillian provenance (red-coloured Devonian sandstone, Albian cherts and sandstone, and lithothamnian and cryptocrystalline chemogenic limestone). More precisely, the richest is the lower part of the alluvial deposits where the fragments of all the nine rock types occur. The upper part of the alluvium is markedly poorer because only the five rock types occur there. Diversity of the petrographic composition of the alluvium decreased by reducing the local Podillian types of rocks, which are represented only by the red-coloured Devonian sandstones. The composition of the Carpathian types of rocks remained unchanged. The detected changes in the granulometric and petrographic composition of the alluvium of the investigated terrace permitted to show that the principal providers of the local (Podillian) debris of rocks was played by the Podillian tributaries of the Dnister River. The Dnister alone transported mainly the Carpathian material and only the small volume of Podillian rocks represented by the debris of the red-coloured Devonian sandstones. It was also found that the accumulation of the alluvial deposits of the Susidovychi terrace in the Kulakivtsi section took place in the conditions of restructuring of the Dnister palaeodrainage system. In the initial stages of this terrace formation, the palaeo-Dnister was directed from the village Dobryvliany further north than today, and it entered into the present-day Tupa River valley at environs of the village Bedrykivtsi. In the vicinity of the village Bedrykivtsi, the palaeo-Dnister was turning sharply eastward and proceeded along the present-day river valleys of Tupa and Seret. In the later stages of the Susidovychi terrace formation, the palaeo-Dnister left the portion of its valley stretching between the villages Bedrykivtsi and Schytivtsi, and it shifted several hundred meters to the south and has stopped practically within its current canyon valley. The desolate portion of its palaeo-valley located between the villages Bedrykivtsy and Kasperivtsi has been inherited by the Tupa River and the lower portion of this palaeo-valley located between the villages Kasperivtsi and Schytivtsi – by the Seret River. Key words: palaeo-Dnister, over the canyon terraces, Susidovychi terrace, alluvium, granulometric composition, petrographical composition, roundness, Carpathian material, Podillian material.

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Johnson, Philip L., Samuel W. Nolan, and Patrick O. Shires. "Geologic Model for Alluvium-Buttressed Landslides." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 29, no. 4 (November 1, 2023): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21663/eeg-d-22-00095.

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Abstract Large, deep-seated landslides typically occur in hillside settings without any natural buttressing, and many of these landslides remain relatively unstable and prone to reactivation. However, where large, deep-seated landslides have moved into incised valleys that subsequently experienced alluvial aggradation, a natural buttress of alluvium may cover the toes of these landslides, increasing stability. This study presents three examples of large, deep-seated landslides that are buttressed by Quaternary alluvium. The McCracken Hill Landslide in southern California and the Potrero Canyon Landslide Complex in central California are proximal to the Pacific coast. The Knights Valley Landslide Complex in northern California is much farther inland than the other examples. We analyzed the stability of one of the example landslides to demonstrate that a buttress of alluvium increases stability. In most settings, base level primarily controls alluvial aggradation. Base-level rise may result from either climatically driven late Quaternary eustatic sea-level rise or local factors such as damming of streams or downstream tectonic uplift. Late Quaternary eustatic sea-level rise caused alluvial aggradation at the McCracken Hill and Potrero Canyon sites. Downstream tectonic uplift likely caused local base-level rise and alluvial aggradation at Knights Valley.

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Rucker, M. L., K. C. Fergason, and B. B. Panda. "Subsidence characterization and modeling for engineered facilities in Arizona, USA." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (November 12, 2015): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-59-2015.

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Abstract. Several engineered facilities located on deep alluvial basins in southern Arizona, including flood retention structures (FRS) and a coal ash disposal facility, have been impacted by up to as much as 1.8 m of differential land subsidence and associated earth fissuring. Compressible basin alluvium depths are as deep as about 300 m, and historic groundwater level declines due to pumping range from 60 to more than 100 m at these facilities. Addressing earth fissure-inducing ground strain has required alluvium modulus characterization to support finite element modeling. The authors have developed Percolation Theory-based methodologies to use effective stress and generalized geo-material types to estimate alluvium modulus as a function of alluvium lithology, depth and groundwater level. Alluvial material modulus behavior may be characterized as high modulus gravel-dominated, low modulus sand-dominated, or very low modulus fines-dominated (silts and clays) alluvium. Applied at specific aquifer stress points, such as significant pumping wells, this parameter characterization and quantification facilitates subsidence magnitude modeling at its' sources. Modeled subsidence is then propagated over time across the basin from the source(s) using a time delay exponential decay function similar to the soil mechanics consolidation coefficient, only applied laterally. This approach has expanded subsidence modeling capabilities on scales of engineered facilities of less than 2 to more than 15 km.

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Qinghai, Xu, Yang Xiaolan, Wu Chen, Meng Lingyao, and Wang Zihui. "Alluvial Pollen on the North China Plain." Quaternary Research 46, no. 3 (November 1996): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.0066.

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Mordern alluvial pollen varies with geomorphic setting and depositional facies in sediments of the Yellow, Hutuo, and Luan rivers and in Baiyangdian and Hengshuihu lakes. Most of the arboreal pollen is derived from the mountains, whereas most of the nonarboreal pollen is derived from the plain itself. Alluvium dominated by Pinus pollen and Selaginella spores was deposited during a flood. Hydrodynamic sorting of alluvial pollen exists in the sediments of floodplain, central bar, natural levees, and point bar. In reconstructing the ancient vegetation and past climate based on pollen in alluvium, it is important to consider sedimentary facies and geomorphologic setting.

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Bai, Zhong Sheng. "The Application of Surrounding Rock Controlling Technology on Mining of Alluvium Coal Pillar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2204.

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In the alluvial coal pillar mining process, aiming at water prevention and cure, surrounding rock support, construction technology, safety management and the other main factors of safety mining, and through constant practice, the paper summarized the special measures of rock control on safety mining of alluvium coal pillar in the complex conditions for ensure safe of working face in alluvium corner coal, efficient mining, improve resource recovery. The economic and social effectiveness is remarkable.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alluvium"

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Gouw, Marc Jean Pierre. "Alluvial architecture of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta (The Netherlands) and the Lower Mississippi Valley (U.S.A.) /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap [u.a.], 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2008400359.html.

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Schmidt, Armin R., and H. Fazeli. "Tepe Ghabristan: A Chalcolithic tell buried in alluvium." Wiley, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4024.

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no
The Chalcolithic tell of Ghabristan in northwest Iran is now buried by alluvium and a magnetometer survey of the tell and its surroundings was undertaken to reveal any features under this cover. After the abandonment of the tell in the late third millennium BC it was used as an Iron Age cemetery by inhabitants of the neighbouring tell of Sagzabad. The magnetometer data show a related irregularly shaped channel that is also considered to be of Iron Age date.Its shallow burial depth, compared with the thick sedimentary layers underneath, indicates a considerable slowdown of alluviation rates in the second millennium BC, possibly related to environmental changes. The survey also found evidence for undisturbed buried building remains, most likely associated with copper workshops.

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Glaser, Danney R. Lee Jejung. "Estimation of alluvium properties from spectral induced polarization measurements." Diss., UMK access, 2007.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Dept. of Geosciences. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007.
"A thesis in urban environment geology." Typescript. Advisor: Jejung Lee. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Dec. 18, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-112). Online version of the print edition.

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Sargent, Paul. "Secondary minerals to replace cement in stabilising an alluvium." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2892.

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Ordinary Portland cement (CEM-I) is widely used across the construction industry. It is the most commonly used cementitious binder for ground improvement applications such as deep dry soil mixing (DDSM) in the UK, due to its high strength performances. However, CEM-I production is one of the world’s most energy intensive and expensive industrial processes; contributing up to 7% of the world’s total CO2 emissions (McLellan et al., 2011). Hence, there is now significant pressure on the cement and construction industries to greatly reduce their CO2 emissions by developing “greener” alternatives to CEM-I, which are both more environmentally and financially sustainable in the long-term. Alkali activated industrial waste materials, known as geopolymers have been identified as potential alternatives to CEM-I. There are numerous advantages in recycling industrial waste materials such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and pulverised fly ash (PFA), including avoiding the need to transfer such materials to landfill, their abundant supply, negligible or zero production costs and for calcium-bearing wastes such as slags, their recently determined potential for carbon capture and storage (CCS). This thesis presents recent laboratory research which focussed on the potential for utilising alkali activated industrial waste materials as sustainable binders in DDSM to enhance the geotechnical properties of soft soils. The laboratory testing programme deployed geotechnical and mineralogical tests to determine the performance of the binders when incorporated into a soft alluvial soil, typically found in abundance across the UK. Comparisons with the strength and durability of untreated and stabilised soils have been made. The study indicates that from the by-products tested, soils stabilised with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) activated GGBS resulted in the greatest strength and durability improvements; with other materials tested showing smaller improvements. The addition of NaOH has been observed to allow pozzolanic reactions to occur, leading to improved mechanical properties; primarily strength, which increased with time. Abstract Secondary Minerals to Replace Cement in Stabilising an Alluvium ii The effectiveness of DDSM treatment in stabilising sections of high-speed railway lines with ground conditions dominated by soft and highly compressible soils, has previously been well demonstrated (Holm et al., 2002; Hughes and Glendinning, 2004). Traditionally, the monotonic strength properties of stabilised soils have been used to assess their suitability for stabilising railway embankments. However, the dynamic strength properties of such materials require investigation in order to provide better estimates of their field behaviour when subjected to complex loading conditions associated with high-speed railway embankments and high-frequency train traffic. Hence, this thesis combines monotonic and dynamic triaxial testing techniques to assess the suitability of the new GGBS-NaOH binder for stabilising high-speed railway embankments. After 28 days curing, the binder successfully demonstrated itself as an effective countermeasure against significant track displacements after the simulated passage of a typical InterCity 125 high-speed train. This thesis advocates that there is great potential for using GGBS-NaOH as a more environmentally and financially sustainable binder over CEM-I for DDSM projects in the UK, such as the proposed HS2 and HS3 rail links. However, further research and collaboration with the construction industry is still required before the new binder may be used on a commercial scale.

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Gould, Simon R. "Integrated sedimentological and whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation of alluvial red-bed sequences at outcrop and in the subsurface." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230625.

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Red-bed alluvial systems are becoming increasingly important as hydrocarbon plays in the UK Northern North Sea. Commonly such ephemeral systems are hard to define in terms of reservoir architecture, due to the difficulty in correlating such diverse and palaeontologically-barren sequences. This project aims to improve understanding of one such system, the Late Jurassic Cormorant Formation, of the Northern North Sea, through detailed sedimentological study of two outcrop analogues. The whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation technique in a variety of settings. The Lower Old Red Sandstone Moor Cliffs Formation of the Anglo-Welsh Basin provides ideal conditions for testing the whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation technique. The Moor Cliffs Formation is a low net:gross alluvial red bed suite, which by virtue of Variscan deformation, outcrops in a well-exposed, easily accessible cliff section at Priests Nose, near Manorbier, Pembrokeshire. A 100m section was sampled to determine variables that may affect whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation. The results prove that whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation can be applied to alluvial successions, despite pedogenic modification and deep burial. The Late Triassic Blomidon Formation of the Fundy Basin, Nova Scotia, provided a second outcrop example of an alluvial red-bed sequence, which was deposited in similar palaeo-climatic and tectonic conditions to the Northem North Sea Triassic. The Blomidon Formation contained a range of fluvial styles from confined channels to unconfined sheetfloods. Three sections were studied along the hanging-wall margin of the Fundy Basin, separated by up to 150km along strike. Each section provided a contrasting basinal setting, allowing comparison of facies along strike and down depositional dip. Sections were measured in detail to quantify bed geometries and facies variants, facilitating architectural analysis. Specific attention was paid to features that may be diagnostic in sub-surface cored sections of the Northern North Sea Triassic. Correlation was possible on a number of scales, using laterally continuous ephemeral marker beds within the Blomidon Formation. Detailed facies evaluation has allowed the division of the Blomidon Formation into four distinctive facies packages that vary considerably in sandstone net:gross. Each facies assemblage is defined by variations in fluvial style and occurrence of evaporite rich, ephemeral lacustrine and rare aeolian sediments. It was possible to produce a broad, basin-wide correlation scheme for the Blomidon Formation, based on these four facies packages. Detailed facies analysis of three cores from the Cormorant Formation, Tem Field, Northern North Sea allowed definition of reservoir architecture, based on models derived from outcrop analogues. The results suggest that correlation based on individual horizons and facies packages is possible in alluvial red-bed sequences through detailed sedimentological study. The whole-rock trace element geochemical correlation technique can also provide additional datasets to enhance correlation in the subsurface.

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Abbott, James T. "Late Quaternary alluviation and soil erosion in Southern Italy /." Digital version accessible at:, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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CHADWICK, OLIVER AUSTIN. "INCIPIENT SILICA CEMENTATION IN CENTRAL NEVADA ALLUVIAL SOILS INFLUENCED BY TEPHRA (DURIPAN, TAXONOMY, OPAL-CT, GENESIS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187945.

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Silica cemented pedogenic horizons known as duripans occur on relict landforms in climates having limited leaching potential. Under the influence of tephra, incipient silica cementation may also occur in late Quaternary soils. The source of silica for cementation in Holocene soils is rapidly weatherable volcanic glass. In response to wetting and drying cycles volcanic glass weathers to form sand-size composite particles composed of silt, clay and redeposited silica. A portion of the hydrolyzed silica is eluviated as monosilicic acid which accumulates as the wetting front evaporates. Illuvial silica augments existing composite particles eventually forming a continuously cemented duripan. In actively forming late Quaternary soils, the cementation process is a complex interaction between illuvial silica, clay and calcium carbonate and the soil matrix. Surface reactions between monosilicic acid and illuvial clay or soil matrix particles provide nucleation sites for polymerization of silica concentrated by evaporation. The resulting opaline silica bonds adjacent soil grains without necessarily plugging intervening pore spaces. In contrast, calcium carbonate preferentially precipitates in large pores and interped voids. Cementation occurs by the plugging of progressively smaller pores with relatively pure calcite rather than by heterogeneous bonding of mineral grains. In illuvial zones containing both silica and calcium carbonate, cementation may occur rapidly because the former holds small soil particles in place while the latter plugs large pores. The mineralogy of silica cement is determined by identification of varying amounts of crystal order using X-ray diffraction. Opal-A is recently polymerized, noncrystalline, highly hydrated silica gel. The more prevalent, partly crystalline opal-CT forms where surface reaction with clays create crystal orientation, where silica gel dehydrates or when silica precipitates from soil solutions having high concentrations.

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Nikolinakou, Maria-Aikaterini 1976. "A constitutive model for the compression behavior of Old Alluvium." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44291.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references.
Old Alluvium is classified as a transported, in-situ weathered tropical soil, and represents a class of geomaterials that have a complex microstructure, including cemented aggregates at the meso-scale and groups of clay stacks at the micro-scale. Despite the presence of significant fractions of nontronite (smectite species), the activity of charged clay particles is initially masked by the aggregation of iron oxides. Compression loading breaks the cementation at the meso-scale and causes physico-chemical changes at the micro-scale, which reveal the expansive characteristics of the clay minerals. It is difficult to achieve a fully disaggregated condition (through mechanical mixing or selective chemical dissolution) and hence, there is little practical value in referencing properties of the intact soil to a hypothetical disaggregated or intrinsic state as proposed for other bonded soils. The proposed formulation describes the variation of compressibility according to a measure of the microstructural changes using the Cation Exchange Capacity as a state variable. Upon load reversal, a model based on double layer theory is integrated to predict macroscopic volumetric expansion due to the swelling of the nontronitic clay fraction. This behavior is also linked to the Cation Exchange Capacity through the preconsolidation stress level, and hence, can accommodate changes in the clay swelling potential caused by mechanical or physicochemical loading. The model parameters depend on the compression characteristics of the intact soil, on measurements of the Cation Exchange Capacity in the intact and partially disaggregated states, on the amount of expandable minerals in the microstructure and on the initial hydration of the clay stacks.
(cont.) Overall, the proposed formulation introduces a new way of modeling the compression of bonded materials with evolving microstructural characteristics, which does not require a unique reference state. It builds the swelling response directly on the physicochemical characteristics of the soil. The thesis also includes an experimental program on block samples obtained from a tunneling project in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The laboratory data was used for the calibration and detailed validation of model predictions. The proposed formulation enables predictions of expected engineering properties through the vertical weathering profile of the Old Alluvium.
by Maria-Aikaterini Nikolinakou.
Sc.D.

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Narbett, Robert Wyn. "Geological and engineering properties of estuarine alluvium from the Severn Estuary." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243694.

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Youngson, John Hughan, and n/a. "Physical and chemical processes affecting the formation of alluvial gold deposits in Central Otago, New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071108.160736.

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Alluvial gold placers in Otago and northern Southland occur at several stratigraphic horizons within the Late Cretaceous - Recent sedimentary sequence. The gold is derived ultimately from primary sources in the Otago Schist. Poor correlation between the distribution of placers and that of the known primary deposits reflects repeated recycling of gold in the present drainage network and two precursor networks, each with substantially different architecture. The previous drainage networks were inundated and buried during marine or lacustrine transgression. There has been local addition of first cycle gold and immature detritus during each recycling phase. Most of the placer deposits are fluvial in origin but colluvial placers occur locally along the margins of several Central Otago ranges. Aeolian placers and marine placers are rare. Most of the gold in placers north of the Caples/Torlesse Terrane boundary is Au-Ag alloy, except in vicinity of the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone, where α-Au-Ag-Hg alloy is also present. Conversely, α-Au-Ag-Hg alloy dominates in placers south of the Caples/Torlesse Terrane boundary, except those whose headwaters lie, or lay, in the Torlesse Terrane. These systems that cross the terrane boundary contain Au-Ag and Au-Ag-Hg alloys in the reach downstream of the boundary, and placers with their source in Aspiring Lithologic Association also contain both alloys. Textural and compositional maturity of the placer host generally increase with decreasing age, reach maxima at the Waipounamu Erosion Surface, and generally decrease in tandem with age above this surface. Exceptions occur in northern Southland, where quartz pebble conglomerate placers are actively forming. Fluvial quartz pebble conglomerate placers have not formed in a single sedimentary cycle. Instead, they have formed from precursor sediment where a high water table drives alteration of the labile component, and when uplift and erosion rates, topography and stream gradients are all sufficiently low to drive sedimentary recycling without significant input of low-grade basement detritus. The maturity of pre-marine examples (Taratu, Papakaio and Hogburn Formations) was enhanced by wave-reworking before final inundation during marine transgression. Colluvial placers in alluvial fans at the margins of Quaternary schist antiforms are repeatedly recycled into younger fan sediments during range growth. These ranges grow in width, as well as length and height, at the expense of the intervening basins, which become progressively narrower. The colluvial placers are ultimately reworked into a fluvial placer in an axial river between two ranges, which concentrates all of the colluvial gold into an incised channel once the widening ranges meet. Aeolian placers have formed from fluvial precursors in the semi-arid parts of the rain shadow east of the Southern Alps, particularly on the lower slope of ranges exposed to westerly winds. Silcrete and less common greywacke ventifacts are commonly associated with these placers. Progressive changes in gold particle shape by flattening during transport in fluvial systems has been the most important process in the concentration of gold in placers. Flattening changes the hydrodynamic behaviour of gold particles by increasing their surface area to volume ratio, thereby making them easier to entrain and enabling transport to lower energy parts of the fluvial system. Gold particle flatness determines whether transport or concentration occurs and there is a predictable relationship between particle flatness and transport distance. This relationship explains the typical occurrence of placers immediately downstream of terminal moraines, the confluence with steeper tributary streams and the mouth of incised gorges. In each case, gold with sub-critical flatness is deposited from a higher energy system or reach into a lower energy system or reach, and must be flattened to a critical state before further transport can occur. Chemical mobility of gold in groundwater occurs during uplift, commonly in association with sedimentary recycling. Secondary gold overgrowths are common in some placers and stitch or overgrow transport-induced features such as folds and abrasion marks. Chemical mobilisation and re-precipitation of gold is of minor importance, however, and results in volumetrically insignificant amounts of secondary gold. Increases in gold grain size upward through the section on both the local and the regional scale does not result from gold 'growth', but instead from preservation of progressively more proximal reaches of the host placers with decreasing age.

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Books on the topic "Alluvium"

1

Teisseyre, Andrzej Karol. Klasyfikacja rzek w świetle analizy systemu fluwialnego i geometrii hydraulicznej. Wrocław: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 1991.

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International Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology (6th 1997 Cape Town, South Africa). Fluvial aspects of the Ordovician table mountain group: Slack-water deposits of the 1981 Buffels River flood, Laingsburg : alluvial fan enon formation (cretaceous), Oudtshoorn : post-conference field excursion, 6th International Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology, University of Cape Town, South Africa, 27 September to 1 October 1997. [Cape Town, South Africa: The Conference, 1997.

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W, Nemec, and Steel R. J, eds. Fan deltas: Sedimentology and tectonic settings. Glasgow: Blackie, 1988.

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Hereford, Richard. Geomorphic history of the Virgin River in the Zion National Park area, southwest Utah. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Osovet͡skiĭ, B. M. Ti͡azhelai͡a frakt͡sii͡a alli͡uvii͡a. Irkutsk: Izd-vo Irkutskogo universiteta, 1986.

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Tourenq, Josette. Etude sédimentologique des alluvions de la Loire et de l'Allier, des sources du confluent: Les minéraux lourds des roches des bassins versants. Orléans: Editions du Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières, Service géologique national, 1986.

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Kuznet͡sov, V. A. Alli͡uviĭ: Nauchnye i prakticheskie aspekty izuchenii͡a : bibliograficheskiĭ ukazatelʹ. Minsk: "Navuka i tėkhnika", 1990.

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Prokopovich, N. P. Lithology and physical properties of alluvium in the West-Central San Joaquin Valley. Sacramento, CA: San Joaquin Valley Interagency Drainage Program, 1989.

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A, Burmin I͡U. Ėpokhi koroobrazovani͡a i ėli͡uvialʹnye rossypi. Moskva: "Nedra", 1988.

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Fitch, K. C. (Kevin Christopher), Ladd David E, Geological Survey (U.S.), and United States. National Park Service, eds. Alluvial bars of the Obed Wild and Scenic River. Reston, VA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alluvium"

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Crabb, Peter. "Alluvium and agriculture in the semi-arid world." In A Land Between Two Niles, 1–11. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315136356-1.

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Sugai, Toshihiko, and Keita Honda. "Distribution of Liquefaction Sites and Coastal Alluvium in Japan." In Natural Disaster and Coastal Geomorphology, 93–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33814-9_5.

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Bass, Robert C. "Measurements and Calculations of Shock Propagation in Dry Desert Alluvium." In Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, 633–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2207-8_91.

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Gaffney, E. S., and J. A. Brown. "Comparative Response of Alluvium to Hopkinson Bar and Gas Gun Loading." In Shock Waves in Condensed Matter, 621–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2207-8_89.

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Lolaev, Alan, Aleksan Oganesyan, Alexander Badoev, and Emil Oganesyan. "Geotechnical Modelling of Optimization of Technological Parameters of the Tailing Dam Alluvium." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1159–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2184-3_151.

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Izady, Azizallah, Osman Abdalla, Mansoor Amerjeed, Mingjie Chen, Ali Al-Maktoumi, Anvar Kacimov, and Hilal Al-Mamari. "Recharge Estimation of Hardrock-Alluvium Al-Fara Aquifer, Oman Using Multiple Methods." In Advances in Sustainable and Environmental Hydrology, Hydrogeology, Hydrochemistry and Water Resources, 313–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01572-5_74.

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Mishra, P., A. Paul, and P. Chakrabortty. "Correlation Between Cone Tip Resistance and Shear Wave Velocity for Quaternary Alluvium." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 75–86. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1459-3_7.

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Saeed, Sadaf, and Sohail Kibria. "Some Experiences with Drilled Shaft Construction in Punjab Alluvium, Using Different Drilling Methods." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 135–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9722-0_8.

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Simon, Andrew. "Shear-strength determination and stream-bank instability in loess-derived alluvium, West Tennessee, USA." In Applied Quaternary Research, 129–46. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003079309-10.

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Djabri, L., Ch Fehdi, A. Hani, S. Bouhsina, I. Nouiri, M. C. Djouamaa, A. P. Boch, and F. Baali. "Seasonal Hydrochemical Changes of Water from Alluvium Aquifers: Drean-Annaba Aquifer Case Study (NE Algeria)." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 1, 89–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09300-0_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alluvium"

1

Bastani, S. Ali, and Gregory P. Silver. "CPT Based Settlement Prediction over California Soft Rock, Stiff Alluvium, and Soft Alluvial Sites." In IFCEE 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481615.021.

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Lorenti, Leon S. D., Dora Y. N. Shum, and Barry M. Lehane. "Field Trial and Numerical Back-Analysis of Suction Caisson Extraction in Hong Kong." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79313.

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An in-situ push-out test was carried out on a 3.4m diameter, 12m high trial suction caisson to determine the ultimate uplift capacity and, in particular, the shaft friction that could be generated along the walls of the caisson. The test was performed in the south-eastern waters of Hong Kong in ground conditions comprising soft clay with alluvial sand at the caisson tip. Numerical back-analysis of test reveal that considerable suction was generated at the caisson base due to a combination of the relatively high rate of loading adopted in the test and the silty nature of the alluvium. Inferred friction values generated on the outside wall of the caisson are found to be in line with existing data reported in the literature.

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Brewer, Will, and Joe C. Yelderman. "CARBON IN THE BRAZOS RIVER ALLUVIUM AQUIFER." In 51st Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017sc-289549.

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Salazar, III, Alex. "Postclosure Transient Criticality Analysis in Unsaturated Alluvium." In Proposed for presentation at the Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology Annual Program Meeting in , . US DOE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2003199.

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Tourtelot, Julia, Loren Masson, Myriam Duc, Jeanne-Sylvine Guedon, Laurent Brochard, Matthieu Vandamme, Robert Le Roy, et al. "Alluvium: Earthen construction in future urban area." In Fifth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. Coventry University and The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Centre for By-products Utilization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/2019/idscmt5157.

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Hasbargen, Leslie. "EVOLUTION OF ALLUVIUM IN CENTRAL NEW YORK, USA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-338772.

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Filler, Dennis M., and David L. Barnes. "Dynamics of a Fuel Release in Frozen Alluvium." In 11th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40621(254)85.

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Johnson, Philip L., William R. Cotton, and Patrick O. Shires. "ALLUVIUM-BUTTRESSED LANDSLIDES: CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND EXAMPLES FROM CALIFORNIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-324970.

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Mejia, Lelio, Jiaer Wu, Erik Newman, and Michael Mooers. "Liquefaction Resistance of Coarse-Grained Alluvium at Calero Dam." In Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.006.

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Spears, Kyle Wayne, Todd Halihan, and Christopher Robin Neel. "HYDROGEOPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF THE WASHITA ALLUVIUM AND TERRACE AQUIFER." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307090.

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Reports on the topic "Alluvium"

1

A. Abdel-Fattah, P. Reimus, S. Ware, and M. Haga. Colloid-Facilitated Plutonium Transport in Saturated Alluvium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837621.

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C.D. Scism, P.W. Reimus, M. Ding, and S.J. Chipera. Uranium and Neptunium Desorption from Yucca Mountain Alluvium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893812.

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M. Ding, P.W. Reimus, S. Chipera, and C. Scism. Sorption Charecterization of Radonuclides on Clays in Yucca Mountain Alluvium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893924.

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Ballantyne, S. B., and D. C. Harris. An Investigation of Platinum - Bearing Alluvium From Florence Creek, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132505.

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Broome, Scott Thomas, Perry Carl Barrow, and Jaramillo, Johnny Lee,. Material Property Determinations for Alluvium in Support of Source Physics Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1562364.

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M. Ding, S.J. Chipera, and P.W. Reimus. Mineralogical Charecteristics of Yucca Mountain Alluvium and Effects on Neptunium (V) Sorption. US: Yucca Mountain Project, Las Vegas, Nevada, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/894821.

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Mariner, Paul E., Emily R. Stein, Leigh J. Cunningham, Jennifer M. Frederick, Glenn Edward Hammond, Thomas Stephen Lowry, and Eduardo Basurto. Advances in Geologic Disposal Safety Assessment and an Unsaturated Alluvium Reference Case. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1481585.

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Zavarin, M., S. K. Roberts, T. P. Rose, and D. L. Phinney. Validating Mechanistic Sorption Model Parameters and Processes for Reactive Transport in Alluvium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15002138.

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9

Traeger, Scott R. Source Physics Experiment Phase II, Dry Alluvium Geology (DAG) Experiments Using Nitromethane. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1337142.

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Dickson, Peter, Gerald John Seitz, Kyle J. Deines, Robert C. Gentzlinger, Nathaniel Jordan Paul Mesick, Garrett William Peebles, and Veronica Irene Saeger. Source Physics Experiment Phase II Dry Alluvium Geology (DAG) Experiments Design Reviews. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1352345.

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