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1
Adaskin, Anatoliy. Improving the efficiency of tools made of high-speed steels and hard alloys. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1248244.
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The monograph is devoted to improving the efficiency of forming tools made from the most used tool materials: high-speed steels and hard alloys.
For tools made of high-speed steels, a comparative assessment of the standards of industrially developed countries and the Russian Federation was carried out. The characteristic of operational and technological properties is given. High-speed steels and technologies are recommended to increase the efficiency of the tool. Recommendations on the types of tools are given.
The properties of hard alloys and the areas of their rational application are analyzed. The structural materials of prefabricated and soldered tools are considered. Recommendations on the choice of hard alloys are given, directions for the creation of new compositions of hard alloys to increase the efficiency of the tool in the processing of hard-to-process heat-resistant steels and alloys are shown.
It is intended for engineering, technical and scientific workers of the metallurgical and manufacturing industries. It can be used in the preparation of masters, postgraduates of technological universities.
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Radchenko, Tat'yana, and Yuriy Shevcov. The creation of protective and strengthening coatings by methods of electron beam processing in vacuum. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1000599.
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This monograph presents basic theoretical and applied issues of the process of electron beam heat treatment, cladding and welding in various industries.
Reviewed hardware and technological aspects, peculiarities of formation of structure of metals and alloys, as well as the patterns of change of such physical-mechanical properties, such as hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity. The specific examples of the electron beam to create a strengthening and protective coatings.
Can be recommended as a textbook for students of technical universities, engineers and researchers and practical workers in the field of welding production.
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Mal'shina, N., and Andrey Garnov. MODERN PRINCIPLES ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE FLOWS IN CRISIS CONDITIONS: CULTURE AND CREATIVE INDUSTRY. xxu: Academus Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/978-1-4946-0018-1.
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The culture industry should become attractive for capital investment through the development of organizational-economic mechanisms of support in the form of integrated structures as well as through the development of mechanisms of its financing: systems of culture multi-channel backing and state-private partnership which would allow to create prerequisites for the appearance and implementation of new ideas and projects in the culture field, contributing to culture sphere formation as a full-fledged source of state income.
As a result of this project implementation, original new fundamental theoretical assumptions and empirical data in the culture industry field and the regional development will be obtained.
The project focuses on the study of fundamental basics research of the culture industry functioning, solves scientific problems of the culture industry effectiveness evaluation and direction justification of its support and funding; there are being worked out strategies and mechanisms of the culture industry efficiency development and increase in accordance with the characteristics and needs of regional economies.
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Kazakova, Nataliya. Internal audit of estimated reserves and liabilities as a method for diagnosing corporate risks. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1089678.
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The monograph is devoted to the study of methods of diagnostics and control of corporate risks associated with the formation and use of estimated reserves and liabilities in commercial organizations. The research results are aimed at creating a corporate system for identifying and controlling corporate risks using estimated reserves and estimated liabilities. The methodological recommendations offered by the authors on verification of accrued expenses allow us to identify the risks of inefficient use of expenses, including fraudulent actions. The methodological tools are supplemented with empirical materials obtained during testing of the internal audit methodology in industrial organizations, audit companies, as well as when performing research work. It will be useful for researchers, researchers, teachers, applicants for scientific degrees, and can also be used in the system of additional professional education, advanced training, for self-development of management personnel of financial and economic services in business and government structures.
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Kuznecov, Sergey, and Konstantin Rogozin. All of physics on your palm. Interactive reference. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/501810.
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This is a unique visual book created by the best techniques of modern education. It presents the basic laws and formulas for all sections of physics with a huge number of interactive additions, explanations, illustrations, charts, graphs, tables, and drawings, allowing you to learn the material more efficiently. A clear and concise style of writing focuses the reader's attention in the target material, and numerous exercises, control questions and tasks allow you to securely fix in the memory the knowledge.
Additional materials for all sections of General physics course available to You on the Internet in ABS Znanium.com. Using your mobile device, scan the QR code and get it on your smartphone or tablet access to comprehensive information throughout the course of physics in the media formats.
In addition, on the YouTube channels "Salisylate and Isminimal from rocky" (from "the Russian Creative Internet") hosted a large number of additional training materials and videos used in this book.
Interactive Handbook is intended for use in the educational activities of teachers and students of technical specialties of full-time and distance learning forms, as well as students of technical schools and secondary schools.
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Callard, Agnes. The Problem of Self-Creation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190639488.003.0006.
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The new values, acquisition of which constitutes my act of self-creation, must be either continuous or discontinuous with the ones I already have. If they are continuous, I am not changing but rather working out the implications of the person I already was. If they are discontinuous and the new values contradict or come at a tangent to my old values, the change is not a product of my agency. I change, but I do not change myself. This paradox, adapted from the work of Galen Strawson, can be solved if we allow that the direction of value-dependence may be teleological: the aspirant’s values depend on, and are entailed by, those of the person she is trying to be. The aspirant does not fashion, control, or make the self she creates. Instead, she looks up to that self, tries to understand her, endeavors to find a way to her.
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Šundić, Milica, and Karl-Heinz Leitner. Co-Creation from a Telecommunication Provider’s Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816225.003.0010.
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Recently, a number of co-creation approaches and techniques have been proposed for supporting innovation processes. These range from traditionally organized ideation workshops within an organization, to implementation of open innovation methods that allow the involvement of various external and globally distributed partners. Particularly in dynamic and emerging industries, innovation seems necessary, with both closed and open approaches being applied. This chapter provides an empirical study on idea contests with customers and employees of a large telecommunications provider in Austria, and provides insight into the commercial feasibility of ideas, their origin, and likelihood, as well as how social media tools support community building during idea generation. Aiming at developing basic managerial implications on how to apply crowdsourcing effectively, we compare the outcomes of open, semi-open, and closed co-creation approaches, and discuss the importance of lead users and idea-sponsors. We find evidence for offline community building and other aspects supporting organizational crowdsourcing.
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de Heredia, Marta Iñiguez. Creative survival as subversion. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526108760.003.0007.
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This chapter explores how creative survival, reciprocity and solidarity allow for mitigating extractive practices and the military rule that is put in place in rural areas. These practices represent forms of reappropriation, simultaneously delegitimising political order, and hence subverting it. The chapter illustrates that despite the context of violence, popular classes still aspire to improve their conditions of living in terms of political participation and economic distribution. In contrast with the last chapter, these practices have women as their protagonists, but as in the previous chapter, they are interconnected with different forms of resistance. This chapter also illustrates the pre-existing democratic configurations of order and how national and international strategies largely operate by disregarding them.
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Schneider, Phoenix, and Sherry Paris. Being a Super Trans Ally!: A Creative Workbook and Journal for Young People. Kingsley Publishers, Jessica, 2020.
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Schneider, Phoenix, and Sherry Paris. Being a Super Trans Ally!: A Creative Workbook and Journal for Young People. Kingsley Publishers, Jessica, 2020.
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Kemp, Anna. Life as Creative Constraint. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348448.001.0001.
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Life as Creative Constraint is the first book to focus on the extraordinary life- writing of the French experimental writing group, the Oulipo. The Oulipo’s enthusiasm for literary games and formal gymnastics has seen its work caricatured as ‘lifeless’ – impressively virtuoso but more interested in form than content and ultimately disengaged from the world. This book examines a broad corpus of work by Georges Perec, Marcel Bénabou, Jacques Roubaud, and Anne F. Garréta to show that, despite the group’s early devotion to the radical impersonality of mathematics, later generations of Oulipians have brought the group’s fascination with systems, games, and constraints to bear on autobiography. Far from being ‘lifeless’, Oulipian constraints and concepts provide the tools that allow writers to engage critically and creatively with lived experience, and mine the potential of the autobiographical genre. The games played by these writers are not simply pastimes or cunning writing techniques, but modes of survival, self-examination, self-invention, and relating to the world and to others. As the title of Georges Perec’s masterpiece suggests, they are a mode d’emploi for life.
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Vītoliņa, Ieva. Research of the E-Inclusion Processes and Technological Solutions. RTU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/978993422698.
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The topic of the Doctoral Thesis is research of e-inclusion processes and technological solutions to predict it. The main research question is what technological solutions, using the factors characterizing the individual, allow to predict the degree of e inclusion of an individual in e learning environment in the digital skills acquisition course. The object of the research is the process of knowledge creation and transfer in the information system predicting the e-inclusion of an individual. The research aims to develop a model that predicts an individual's e inclusion in e learning environment.
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Clealand, Danielle Pilar. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632298.003.0011.
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The influence that racial ideology has on racial attitudes and racial consciousness in Cuba is shown throughout this project to be significant. Racial democracy in Cuba combines with socialist ideology to form a powerful racial ideology that is distinct to other Latin American societies that operate under the ideology of racial democracy. Throughout the decades of the revolution Fidel and Raúl Castro and the Cuban government have united belief in the revolution with belief in racial democracy, and as a result support of the revolution often correlates with the notion that racism is not a considerable problem in Cuba. State rhetoric and policy have promoted national identity and unity as supreme over racial identity, while claiming to have solved the problem of racism through socialist policies. The state also created a set of norms and an institutional framework that did not allow for the proliferation of alternate racial ideologies or information, barred the creation of any institution or organization that addressed race, and by creating institutions that addressed the needs of women, youth, and others created the philosophy that race was not a cleavage that mattered in revolutionary Cuba. Despite the ideological and political measures executed by the government, the presence of racism in Cuba cannot be denied and has, as supported by the data throughout this book, contributed to feelings of racial consciousness among black and ...
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Cowhey, Peter F., and Jonathan D. Aronson. Creating an International Governance Regime for the Digital Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657932.003.0009.
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The concluding chapter lays out a strategy for creating an international governance regime for the digital economy. It identifies a core “club” of nations that could champion new digital trade agreements linked to stronger international agreements to advance a trusted digital environment—the Digital Economy Agreement. This agreement would revamp trade policy to adjust to the impact of the information and production disruption by improving rules for digital market integration and would create a foundation that simplifies and strengthens the ability to forge significant pacts advancing the goals of improving privacy and cybersecurity while safeguarding against protectionist trade risks. The design of these agreements emphasizes binding “soft rules” that allow significant variations in national policy trade-offs while establishing a minimum common baseline of policy through the soft rules. Expert multistakeholder organizations drawn from civil society loom large in the design for implementation of the soft rules through such avenues as mutual recognition schemes for certifying compliance with privacy and security objectives. If trade agreements prove unworkable as a starting point, such agreements could be anchored to other types of binding policy agreements. However, trade is the first best option for consideration before there is any decision to resort to second-best strategies.
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Beyerlein, Michael, Soo Jeoung Han, and Ambika Prasad. A Multilevel Model of Collaboration and Creativity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190222093.003.0008.
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This chapter provides a framework for making sense of multilevel collaboration for enabling creative knowledge work. The work environment can be deliberately designed, but it must allow for emergent properties as the flow of information creates changes in the team members, the process, the structure, and the outcomes. The interrelationships that provide the channels for the flow represent a complex system subject to both enhancing and constraining influences from multiple sources. We examine network structure, learning, and complexity as key facets of that complex system that generate intangible forms of capital that fuel the creative work.
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Reiser, Dana Brakman, and Steven A. Dean. Social Enterprise Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190249786.001.0001.
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Social Enterprise Law presents a series of audacious legal technologies designed to unleash the potential of social enterprise. Until now, the law has been viewed as an obstacle to social entrepreneurship, too inflexible to embrace for-profit businesses with a social mission at their core. Legislators have poured resources into creating hybrid corporate forms such as the benefit corporation to eliminate barriers to the creation of social enterprises. That first generation of social enterprise law has not done enough. The authors provide a framework for future legislation to do what benefit corporations have not: create durable commitments by social entrepreneurs and investors to balance financial gains and social mission by putting a speed limit on profits. They show how sophisticated investors need not wait for the advent of these legislative changes, outlining a contingent convertible debt instrument that relies instead on financial engineering to build trust between those with capital and those ready to use it to nurture a double bottom line. To allow social enterprises to harness the vast power of the crowd, they develop a tax regime that would provide crowdfunding platforms the means to screen the commitment of for-profit startups. Armed with these tools of social enterprise law 2.0 and the burgeoning metrics of measuring public benefit, entrepreneurs and investors can navigate even the turbulent waters of exit without sacrificing mission, so that a sale need not mean selling out.
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Drakeman, Donald L., Lisa N. Drakeman, and Nektarios Oraiopoulos. From Breakthrough to Blockbuster. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195084009.001.0001.
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Beginning in the 1970s, several scientific breakthroughs promised to transform the creation of new medicines. As investors sought to capitalize on these Nobel Prize–winning discoveries, the biotech industry grew to thousands of small companies around the world. Each sought to emulate what the major pharmaceutical companies had been doing for a century or more, but without the advantages of scale, scope, experience, and massive resources. How could a large collection of small companies, most with fewer than fifty employees, compete in one of the world’s most breathtakingly expensive and highly regulated industries? This book shows how biotech companies have met the challenge by creating nearly 40% more of the most important treatments for unmet medical needs. Moreover, they have done so with much lower overall costs. The book focuses on both the companies themselves and the broader biotech ecosystem that supports them. Its portrait of the crucial roles played by academic research, venture capital, contract research organizations, the capital markets, and pharmaceutical companies shows how a supportive environment enabled the entrepreneurial biotech industry to create novel medicines with unprecedented efficiency. In doing so, it also offers insights for any industry seeking to innovate in uncertain and ambiguous conditions. Looking to the future, it concludes that biomedical research will continue to be most effective in the hands of a large group of small companies as long as national healthcare policies allow the rest of the ecosystem to continue to thrive.
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Levtov, Yuli. Algorithmic Music for Mass Consumption and Universal Production. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.15.
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This chapter explores algorithmic music and the software tools used to create it from the perspective of media that allow it to be distributed to mass audiences, such as smartphone apps, web-based experiences, and dedicated software packages. Different types of listener input and interaction for various algorithmic music formats are analysed, and examples of each are given. Advantages and disadvantages of various distribution platforms, both present and historic, are explored, and critical reaction to this wide body of work is also reviewed. Conclusions are drawn that the field is still relatively nascent, with advances in consumer technology being a main driver for innovation in this area of music distribution and creation.
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William A, Schabas. Part 13 Final Clauses: Clauses Finales, Art.124 Transitional provision/Disposition transitoire. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0129.
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This chapter comments on Article 124 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 124 entitles a State, in becoming a party to the Statute, to declare that it does not accept the jurisdiction of the Court with respect to war crimes alleged to have been committed by its nationals or on its territory. Thus, if a State declares that it does not accept the Court's jurisdiction over war crimes, does this mean that its nationals cannot be prosecuted, even if the crime is committed on the territory of another State Party, as would ordinarily be the case? Does article 124 allow the creation of a privileged group of nationals who are insulated from prosecution by the Court for war crimes, wherever they are committed?
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Abboud, Salim E., Dean A. Nakamoto, and John R. Haaga. Local Administration of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Platelets in the Critically Ill Patient. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0104.
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The locally injected blood elements (LIBE) technique represents a useful alternative to systemic administration of blood products to reduce the risk of periprocedural hemorrhage in coagulopathic patients. The LIBE technique results in the creation of a “seroma” of platelets and/or blood products along the expected needle or instrument path to allow a high-quality blood clot to form, and it requires relatively less blood products compared to the more traditional systemic administration technique. Indications for LIBE include and expand on those for systemic administration of blood products to reverse pre-procedural coagulopathy, including contraindications to systemic reversal of pharmacologic anticoagulation, precarious fluid volume status, severe coagulopathy unlikely to normalize with systemic administration of blood products, patient history of adverse reaction to systemic administration of blood products, and limited availability of the desired blood product.
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Janiewski, Dolores E. Through a Glass, Darkly. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040818.003.0006.
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Dolores Janiewski illustrates that organized employers continued to struggle against labor and the left, broadly defined, during the 1930s, a high-time for the labor movement. This was a time when labor-supporting politicians like Wisconsin’s La Follette oversaw the creation of an investigation committee, which helped shed light on the long history of employer thuggery. But organized employers helped to shape another investigation committee, the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), which was formed in 1938. Let by Congressman Martin Dies of Texas, an ally of anti-union bosses, this anti-leftist committee overshadowed the La Follette committee, and helped set the stage for McCarthyism more than a decade later. HUAC’s success in tarring labor activists as communist agents illustrates how employers actively shaped state support even at their lowest moment of power.
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Barker, J. Craig. In Praise of a Self-Contained Regime. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795940.003.0003.
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This chapter is dedicated to the challenges which the VCDR, fifty years into its existence, faces in a world marked by a globalized economy and rapid technological developments. The author reflects on new diplomatic processes which have emerged through the creation of governmental and non-governmental institutions and on notions such as collaborative, public, and cultural diplomacy which have challenged accepted understandings of the role and functions of traditional diplomacy. Barker also explores the fact that international law itself is changing from a system regulating co-existing sovereignties to a possibly fragmented discourse of complex frameworks which themselves challenge the sovereignty paradigm. In this context, he investigates the continued relevance and purpose of the VCDR and gives particular focus to existing mechanisms within the Convention that allow for modified and developed interpretations of the Convention to take account of the changing international world in which contemporary diplomacy operates.
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Cust, James. The Role of Governance and International Norms in Managing Natural Resources. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0019.
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The governance of natural resource wealth is considered to constitute a key determinant in whether the extraction of natural resources proves to be a blessing or a curse. In response to this challenge, a variety of international initiatives have emerged to codify successful policies pursued by countries, and promote global norms and best practices to guide decision-makers. These initiatives, such as the Extractives Industry Transparency Initiative, have seen success in spreading and embedding governance norms, ranging across revenue transparency, contract disclosure, and the creation of instruments such as resource funds and building institutions for checks and balances. However, evidence for causal impact remains weak and sometimes limited to anecdotal cases. The end of the super-cycle of commodity prices, and the prospect of permanently lower prices for fossil fuels, creates new challenges for resource-rich countries but may also allow space and time for reflection, lesson-learning and improvements in governance.
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Popple, Simon, Andrew Prescott, and Daniel Mutibwa, eds. Communities, Archives and New Collaborative Practices. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341895.001.0001.
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Community archives are often viewed as repositories of knowledge and experience that are nevertheless somehow remote from the taxpayers who often fund them. However, the idea of an archive has more recently been popularized by digital resources that allow access to established archives and also permit users to create archives of their own. This book examines the changing relationship between citizens and their notions of archives. The growing number of archives, and the evolving practices associated with collecting and curating, mean that we are now in the process of remaking the very idea of the archive. Communities have been at the heart of this exciting work and their experiences are both central to our understanding of this new terrain and in challenging the traditional histories behind the control of knowledge and power. Using a wide range of case studies, this edited collection shows how community engagement and co-creation is challenging and extending the notion of the archive.
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Danesi, Marcel. Pythagoras' Legacy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852247.001.0001.
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The history of mathematics starts in earnest with one of Pythagoras’ most important proofs, the Pythagorean theorem. This proof was the first link in a chain of ground-breaking ideas, all interconnected with each other, that turned mathematics into an “art of the mind.” The chain continues to be extended today. There would be no computers, science, engineering, or philosophy without Pythagoras’ legacy. This book sketches an outline of that legacy by presenting and discussing ten of the greatest ideas in the mathematical chain. Its aim is to illustrate why mathematics can be designated an intellectual art, a creative enterprise that mirrors any art, from music to painting. Pythagoras actually connected music and mathematics into a theory of the world called the Harmony of the Spheres. The book is intended for a general audience, and especially those who may think that mathematics is uninteresting or boring. Each of its ten chapter ends with five exploratory puzzles that will allow readers to become engaged in some of the ideas treated in the chapter without any technical knowledge. This will allow readers to use this book as well as a collection of fairly easy math problems.
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Stitzlein, Sarah M. Citizenship Education and Habits of Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657383.003.0008.
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Issues with legitimacy, publicness, and responsibility collectively lead to a vision of citizen preparation that I lay out in chapter eight. This introduces a cycle to support and maintain democracy through creating citizens who learn about and try it out as kids, practice it well years later, and are committed to supporting the public schools that foster it as adults. The alternative is to allow our current course to continue, a course that jeopardizes the strength of our democracy and erodes our capacity to participate in it. We have the opportunity to reorient that course to not only improve democracy and public schools now, but also to chart an improved course toward the growth and flourishing of democracy and public schools in the future.
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Balachandran Orihuela, Sharada. Fugitives, Smugglers, and Thieves. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640921.001.0001.
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In this book, Sharada Balachandran Orihuela examines property ownership and its connections to citizenship, race and slavery, and piracy as seen through the lens of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century American literature. Balachandran Orihuela defines piracy expansively, from the familiar concept of nautical pirates and robbery in international waters to postrevolutionary counterfeiting, transnational slave escape, and the illegal trade of cotton across the Americas during the Civil War. Weaving together close readings of American, Chicano, and African American literature with political theory, the author shows that piracy, when represented through literature, has imagined more inclusive and democratic communities than were then possible in reality. The author shows that these subjects are not taking part in unlawful acts only for economic gain. Rather, Balachandran Orihuela argues that piracy might, surprisingly, have served as a public good, representing a form of transnational belonging that transcends membership in any one nation-state while also functioning as a surrogate to citizenship through the ownership of property. These transnational and transactional forms of social and economic life allow for a better understanding of the foundational importance of property ownership and its role in the creation of citizenship.
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Andersen, Francis I. Habakkuk. Yale University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780300261592.
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The book of Habakkuk (one of the twelve Minor Prophets) is an intensely personal testimony played out against a highly political backdrop. Writing as his land and his fellow Israelites were being invaded and plundered by the Chaldeans, Habakkuk questions God's actions with a passion equal to Job’s. Habakkuk wonders, how can a God who is just and compassionate allow his people to be slaughtered? In trying to punish the Israelites and right the wrongs of his people, why did God choose the savage, infinitely more wicked Chaldeans as his instrument? The puzzles Habakkuk contemplates will stir the hearts and minds of anyone who has ever wrestled with the evils of existence. Francis I. Andersen, a well-known authority on the Minor Prophets and acclaimed for his pioneering work in the study of biblical Hebrew, examines Habakkuk both as a work of sophisticated theological inquiry and as an artistic creation. The result is a book that illuminates the nuances of the text and brings to life the culture and values of the ancient Israelites through a compelling portrait of one the Bible's most fascinating and most elusive prophets.
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Spiegel, Laurie. Thoughts on Composing with Algorithms. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.26.
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In this chapter Laurie Spiegel, a pioneer of algorithmic logic in music composition, considers various reasons to use algorithms, including their function as descriptors, generators and adjuncts to creative musical practises. Self-simulation (notably, of decision making processes) is juxtaposed against the sonification of external information and various other uses of algorithms are also described. Human input may be minimal or extensive for the logic used to specify parameters of individual sonic events, variations in global informational entropy, inherent structuring or to achieve variation of material. Spiegel values algorithms particularly to allow her to ‘inhabit the state of flow’ of music by freeing her to focus on selected aspects of composing while handing off other aspects to automated procedures. The chapter includes descriptions of the kinds of uses of algorithmic logic that have contributed to the composition of specific musical works.
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Joshi, Mahesh K., and J. R. Klein. Lifestyle Innovations Generating New Businesses. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827481.003.0015.
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Life-altering technology is not only improving our lifestyle but also creating new business models. Integration of technology into everyday life is a primary driver of changes in lifestyle. Whether visible or not, today’s technology is everywhere. Consumers come home from work to a smart house that greets them with music, emails them the foods the refrigerator needs, and through spatial phase imaging technology senses their mood. Without human intervention it changes its presentation based on data indicators embedded in everything. The house recognizes mood and compares it with past behaviors, facial reactions, timeline, and acts accordingly. All this happens through a standard security camera with pixelate three-dimensional technology. The same technology can identify the anti-social elements in a crowd, enhance security at any public event venue, and allow doctors to see under our skin without intrusion.
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van Knippenberg, Daan, and Inga J. Hoever. Team Diversity and Team Creativity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190222093.003.0003.
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There is a long-standing belief in the value of diversity for team creativity. An evaluation of the evidence, however, suggests that team diversity does not reliably produce team creativity, and that the challenge for team creativity research and practice is to identify the moderating influences that allow teams to reap the benefits of diversity in their creative performance. We review the available evidence for the moderating influences on the relationship between team diversity and team creativity, and we conclude that the categorization-elaboration model (CEM) of team diversity and performance provides a useful framework to understand these moderating influences. We discuss how the CEM can both guide the further development of the study of team creativity and the integration of the study of diversity effects on team creativity and of cross-level effects on individual creativity.
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Puranam, Phanish. Methodologies for Microstructures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0009.
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I review developments in theory and methodology that may allow us to begin creating innovative forms of organizing, rather than rest content with studying them after they have emerged. We now have the conceptual and technical apparatus to prototype organization designs at small scale, cheaply and fast. The process of organization re-design can be seen in terms of multiple stages. It begins with careful observation of phenomena. Qualitative or indeed quantitative induction (i.e. data mining) can play a critical role here. Once we have some understanding or at least conjectures about underlying mechanisms, we can use the behavioral lab or an agent-based model to run cheap experiments to adjust the design. Once we have formulated a new design, we may want to run a field experiment with randomization. If the results look satisfactory, we can scale up and implement.
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Briggs, Andrew, Hans Halvorson, and Andrew Steane. The argument from design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808282.003.0011.
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The argument from design is, generically, an attempt to argue from features of the natural world to the conclusion that it is the result of intelligent or considered creative action. The chapter examines various forms of this argument, especially those involving fine tuning, and finds them wanting. An approach based on Bayesian accumulation of evidence is also critiqued. The problem with all these approaches is that they misconstrue the situation one is in when it comes to deciding on what basis a relationship to God should be built. A relationship built on impersonal foundations can only be impersonal. But it remains perfectly appropriate to embrace the human instinct to allow a sense of wonder to increase one’s openness to God. Furthermore, the very inclination to see physical events as intelligible is itself a religious response, a recognition that the world is neither arbitrary nor meaningless.
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Browner, Tara, and Thomas L. Riis, eds. Rethinking American Music. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042324.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Only since the 1970s have the variety of American musical styles and sounds have been allowed to stand on their own two feet in the academic world. Recent efforts to place American music-making within new or heretofore neglected contexts are diverse and inevitably shift our consciousness about music’s meaning and impact in culture. This volume contains a series of commentaries or glosses, chapters about American music broadly understood that seek especially to explore four critical factors beyond the the familiar categories defined by repertory or biography alone: the impact of performance; the role of patronage in the creation of musical objects and events; personal identity; and how larger cultural/ethnographic contexts (community values, ethnic markers, and social relations) determine certain musical results. A related concern in many of the chapters is the way music is disseminated within listening communities—how it was made “popular”—and how it continues to exert a lasting influence across the rest of the globe. The topics to be found here are wide ranging and include many genres and perspectives (hymnody, concert music, jazz, country music, hip-hop, Tin Pan Alley, and Broadway song and dance, among other types), but each chapter is focused on specific performers, patrons, works, conditions, or institutions within its cultural context.
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Линков, А. С. Общая теория и технология графического структурирования и представления знаний (Общая теория и технология ГСиП знаний). Академическое изд-во «Гео», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21782/b978-5-6043022-1-7.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph is devoted to the creation of a single complex of scientiJic and practical developments aimed at solving the problems of knowledge operation (such as information or data) by means of their graphic structuring and representation (GSR) in any subject areas of science and practice. In particular, it can be used in information and digital technologies, knowledge engineering, systemic analysis, cognitive science, implementation of interdisciplinary research, etc. Its main purpose is systematization of knowledge, as well as conceptual modeling of complex notions and objects of activity in the logic of problem-oriented approach. The complex is a trinity of theoretical principles, graphic language of conceptual modeling (GLCM) of knowledge, and the GSR technology, implemented using Microsoft Excel, and has no analogues in the given subject area. Its basis is Linkov’s diagonal information graphic knowledge matrix (digmata), being a universal way to extract and structure knowledge from text and other sources, as well as a universal converter of any representation form of knowledge into a uniform graphic form. Simplicity and constructiveness of the complex allow its wide introduction into practice. The monograph is accompanied by a USB Jlash drive containing text and graphic materials. The monograph is intended for the widest range of persons confronted with the above-mentioned problems of science and practice.
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Onaci, Edward. Free the Land. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469656144.001.0001.
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On March 31, 1968, over 500 Black nationalists convened in Detroit to begin the process of securing independence from the United States. Many concluded that Black Americans' best remaining hope for liberation was the creation of a sovereign nation-state, the Republic of New Afrika (RNA). New Afrikan citizens traced boundaries that encompassed a large portion of the South--including South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana--as part of their demand for reparation. As champions of these goals, they framed their struggle as one that would allow the descendants of enslaved people to choose freely whether they should be citizens of the United States. New Afrikans also argued for financial restitution for the enslavement and subsequent inhumane treatment of Black Americans. The struggle to "Free the Land" remains active to this day. This book is the first to tell the full history of the RNA and the New Afrikan Independence Movement. Edward Onaci shows how New Afrikans remade their lifestyles and daily activities to create a self-consciously revolutionary culture, and it argues that the RNA's tactics and ideology were essential to the evolution of Black political struggles. Onaci expands the story of Black Power politics, shedding new light on the long-term legacies of mid-century Black Nationalism.
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Capussela, Andrea Lorenzo. The Conceptual Framework: Growth, Institutions, and Social Orders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796992.003.0002.
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This chapter lays out one part of the theoretical framework of the book, drawn from institutional economics. This literature maintains that institutions are the main determinant of long-term growth, and that to remain ‘appropriate’ institutions must evolve in synchrony with an economy’s progress through the stages of its development. Their evolution depends on a society’s openness to political creative destruction. Limited-access social orders tend to constrain it, to safeguard elites’ rents, and typically undermine progressive institutional reforms, breaking that synchrony. The transition from that social order to the open-access one is an endogenous and reversible process, in which inefficient institutions, which allow elites to extract rents, coexist with appropriate ones, which constrain their power and make it contestable. The hypothesis is advanced that Italy has not yet completed this transition, and that the tension between its efficient and inefficient institutions can endogenously generate shocks, which open opportunities for equilibrium shifts.
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Miller, David, Claire Harkins, Matthias Schlögl, and Brendan Montague. Astroturf, front groups, sock puppets, and the capture of civil society. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753261.003.0004.
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Civil society is widely thought of as an obstacle to corporate political strategy. This chapter suggests that civil society can be an ally in corporate attempts to undermine public health. It reviews the use of astroturf (i.e. fake grassroots groups) and ‘sock puppets’ (i.e. fake online identities) and discusses these in relation to the corporate-backed ‘sound science’ lobby. The chapter reviews the role of the tobacco and other addictive industries in creating front groups to pursue sectional corporate interests. It looks in turn at interlocking efforts such as the European Science and Environment Forum, the Risk of Freedom briefing, and more recent ventures such as the Institute of Ideas and Spiked the Democracy Institute. These groups are mostly not transparent about their relations with the corporations, and may exhibit some measure of independence from their corporate funders; however, any independence—real or manufactured—is not necessarily a disadvantage.
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Pozdnyakov, Konstantin. Тhe impact of regional investment interaction on economic growth potential of the Russian Federation. Znanie-M, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/00187-043-2.2021.1.234.
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The purpose of the monography is to elaborate the concept of the development of inter-regional investment cooperation by identifying the trends and features of its impact on the economic growth potential of the macro-region. The monography consists of the introduction, three chapters, conclusion and applications, as well as a list of references. The first chapter substantiates theoretical approaches to the essence, conditions and factors of regional development and the content of interregional investment cooperation in the current socio-economic conditions, analyzes the features of institutional design and the mechanisms for regulating regional cooperation for economic growth and development purposes, taking into account the Russian and foreign experience on the example of the European Union. The second chapter, basing on the economic analysis, identifies the trends in the development of the regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in terms of emerging macro-regions. A model has been proposed to assess the extent of the region’s economy’s involvement in inter-regional relations, which would allow to determine the dependence of variables such as interregional exchange, investment and gross regional product. Using mathematical modeling tools, the impact of these factors on the growth of the gross regional product of the Central Federal District of Russia, as well as its two regions — Moscow and Belgorod region — was evaluated. The third chapter identifies the prospects for the development of interregional investment cooperation in the Central Black Earth macro-region of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. The concept of developing inter-regional investment cooperation in the macro-region within the framework of the creation of a network of territories ahead of socioeconomic development (PSEDA) has been developed. The mechanism of inter-regional investment cooperation in the framework of the creation and development of the territories ahead of socio-economic development (PSEDA) has been adapted in order to form the points of economic growth in the macro-region. The main text of the monography is laid out on 234 pages and is illustrated with 21 drawings and 40 tables. The monography contains 4 applications. The references list includes 144 units.
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Certoma, Chiara, Susan Noori, and Martin Sondermann, eds. Urban gardening and the struggle for social and spatial justice. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526126092.001.0001.
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It is increasingly clear that, alongside the spectacular forms of justice activism, the actually existing just city outcomes from different everyday practices of performative politics that produce transformative trajectories and alternative realities in response to particular injustices in situated contexts. The massive diffusion of urban gardening practices (including allotments, community gardens, guerrilla gardening and the multiple, inventive forms of gardening the city) deserve a special attention as experiential learning and in-becoming responses to spatial politics, able to articulate different forms of power and resistance to current state of unequal distribution of benefits and burdens in the urban space. While advancing their socio-environmental claims, urban gardeners makes evident that the physical disposition of living beings and non-living things can both determine and perpetuate injustices or create justice spaces. In so doing, urban gardeners question the inequality-biased structuring and functioning of social formations (most notably urban deprivation, lack of public decision and engagement, and marginalization processes); and conversely create (or allow the creation of) spaces of justice in contemporary cities. This book presents a selection of contributions investigating the possibility and capability of urban gardeners to effectively tackling with spatial injustice; and it offers the readers a sound theoretically-grounded reflections on the topic. Building upon on-the-field experiences in European cities, it presents a wide range of engaged scholarly researches that investigate whether, how and to what extend urban gardening is able to contrast inequalities and disparities in living conditions.
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Smith, Jennifer J. Writing Time in Metaphors. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423939.003.0004.
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Coherence of place often exists alongside irregularities in time in cycles, and chapter three turns to cycles linked by temporal markers. Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles (1950) follows a linear chronology and describes the exploration, conquest, and repopulation of Mars by humans. Conversely, Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine (1984) jumps back and forth across time to narrate the lives of interconnected families in the western United States. Bradbury’s cycle invokes a confluence of historical forces—time as value-laden, work as a calling, and travel as necessitating standardized time—and contextualizes them in relation to anxieties about the space race. Erdrich’s cycle invokes broader, oppositional conceptions of time—as recursive and arbitrary and as causal and meaningful—to depict time as implicated in an entire system of measurement that made possible the destruction and exploitation of the Chippewa people. Both volumes understand the United States to be preoccupied with imperialist impulses. Even as they critique such projects, they also point to the tenacity with which individuals encounter these systems, and they do so by creating “interstitial temporalities,” which allow them to navigate time at the crossroads of language and culture.
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Demshuk, Andrew. Bowling for Communism. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751660.001.0001.
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This book illuminates how civic life functioned in Leipzig, East Germany's second-largest city, on the eve of the 1989 revolution by exploring acts of “urban ingenuity” amid catastrophic urban decay. The book profiles the creative activism of local communist officials who, with the help of scores of volunteers, constructed a palatial bowling alley without Berlin's knowledge or approval. In a city mired in disrepair, civic pride overcame resentment against a regime loathed for corruption, Stasi spies, and the Berlin Wall. Reconstructing such episodes through interviews and obscure archival materials, the book shows how the public sphere functioned in Leipzig before the fall of communism. Hardly detached or inept, local officials worked around centralized failings to build a more humane city. And hardly disengaged, residents turned to black-market construction to patch up their surroundings. Because such “urban ingenuity” was premised on weakness in the centralized regime, the dystopian cityscape evolved from being merely a quotidian grievance to the backdrop for revolution. If, by their actions, officials were demonstrating that the regime was irrelevant, and if, in their own experiences, locals only attained basic repairs outside official channels, why should anyone have mourned the system when it was overthrown?
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Melani, Alessandro. L’empio punito. Edited by Luca Della Libera. A-R Editions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31022/b228.
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Alessandro Melani's L’empio punito was produced during a short period of prosperity for Roman opera in the second half of the seventeenth century. The libretto, by Giovanni Filippo Apolloni, versified by Filippo Acciaiuoli, adapts the Don Juan myth into an operia seria form. By borrowing many elements from classical literature, Acciaiuoli and Apolloni distance their story from the psychological and ideological topics of the original myth, thereby creating space to parody some of its previous models. The first performance, at the Teatro Colonna on 17 February 1669, was sponsored by Cardinal Flavio Chigi, Agostino Chigi, Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, and Cardinal Giacomo Rospigliosi, a collective sponsorship following the similar successful production of Il Girello in 1668. Contemporary accounts describe L’empio punito as a novelty and praise its production, especially the visual aspect, which was so well received that a second row of seats was added to allow the entire audience a good view of the stage. The scenery, costumes, ballets, and the various nobles in attendance were all described in the surviving avvisi; the quality of the music and the singing were also highly praised.
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Colón-Ríos, Joel. Constituent Power and the Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785989.001.0001.
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This book examines the place of the concept of constituent power in constitutional history, focusing on the legal and institutional implications that theorists, politicians, and judges have derived from it. It shows that constituent power, even though having historically been associated with extra-legality and violations of the constitutional order, has played important functions in the making of determinations of legal validity. Constitutional courts have employed it to justify their jurisdiction to invalidate constitutional amendments that alter the fundamental structure of the constitution and thus amount to a constitution-making exercise. Some governments have recurred to it to defend the legality of the transformation of the constitutional order through procedures not contemplated in the constitution’s amendment rule but considered participatory enough to be seen as equivalent to ‘the people in action’, and these attempts have sometimes been sanctioned by courts. Commentators and citizens have relied on the theory of constituent power to defend the idea that electors have the right to instruct representatives, and that the creation of new constitutions must take place through extra-legislative entities, such as primary assemblies open to all citizens. Several Latin American constitutions explicitly incorporate the theory of constituent power and allow citizens, acting through popular initiative, to trigger constitution-making episodes that may result in the replacement of the entire constitutional order. Building on these findings, the book ultimately develops a distinction between sovereignty and constituent power and argues that even a constitution-making body can be made legally subject to the conditions arising from a constituent referendum.
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Garber, Michael G. My Melancholy Baby. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496834294.001.0001.
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This book offers a detailed biography of ten influential American popular love ballads, from “Bill Bailey, Won’t You Please Come Home” (1902) to “You Made Me Love You” (1913). These became models for over forty years of great songs. In an innovative combination, they fused jazziness with intimate, personal qualities that were further revealed in the late 1920s with the advent of the torch song genre—and microphone crooning techniques, which linked them to the lullaby. They were a product of collective innovation by both famous figures like Irving Berlin and forgotten songwriters, including women and those from minority groups. Further, the performers, arrangers, and publishers changed the original songs, in a process similar to the oral folk music tradition. All these songs were fit into narratives—movies, plays, histories, scholarly works, and literature—which continually redefined them. The book analyzes the songs and how they were interpreted, featuring full music scores, musical excerpts, and forty illustrations. This study strips away the myths behind the creation of these ten core songs, revealing the even more colorful true stories. The discussion proposes a fresh definition for the torch song, as one making the listener aware of the flame of love within their heart. It includes an introduction to the New York music publishing industry, Tin Pan Alley, and operates as a listening guide and viewing companion for the Great American Songbook. Through the stories of individual songs, this history supplies a panoramic collage of the golden age of American classic pop.
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Kesselring, K. J., and Tim Stretton. Marriage, Separation, and Divorce in England, 1500-1700. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849953.001.0001.
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England is well known as the only Protestant state not to introduce divorce in the sixteenth-century Reformation. Only at the end of the seventeenth century did divorce by private act of parliament become available for a select few men, and only in 1857 did the Divorce Act and its creation of judicial divorces extend the possibility more broadly. Aspects of the history of divorce are well known from studies which typically privilege the records of the church courts that claimed a monopoly on marriage. But why did England alone of all Protestant jurisdictions not allow divorce with remarriage in the era of the Reformation, and how did people in failed marriages cope with this absence? One part of the answer to the first question, this book argues, and a factor that shaped people’s responses to the second, lay in another distinctive aspect of English law: its common-law formulation of coverture, the umbrella term for married women’s legal status and property rights. The bonds of marriage stayed tightly tied in post-Reformation England in part because marriage was as much about wealth as it was about salvation or sexuality, and English society had deeply invested in a system that subordinated a wife’s identity and property to those of the man she married. To understand this dimension of divorce’s history, this study looks beyond the church courts to the records of other judicial bodies, the secular courts of common law and equity, to bring fresh perspective to a history that remains relevant today.
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Friedenthal, Andrew J. Retcon Game. University Press of Mississippi, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496811325.001.0001.
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This book argues that the narrative/world-building technique known as retroactive continuity, often overlooked by literary scholars and media historians alike, has become a naturalized and ubiquitous part of popular culture. A careful look at the history of retroactive continuity–or retconning– reveals how its growing acceptance as a part of popular narratives has led to a complex, complicated understanding of the ways in which history and story can interact, ultimately creating a cultural atmosphere that is increasingly accepting of revisionist historical narratives. This can be seen most potently in the way that the editable hyperlink, rather than the stable footnote, has become the de facto source of information in America today. The groundwork for this major cultural shift has been laid for decades via our modes of entertainment. To embrace the concept of retroactive continuity in fictional media means accepting that the past, itself, is not a stable element, but rather something that is constantly in contentious flux. Thus retconning, on the whole, has a positive impact on society, fostering a sense of history itself as a constructed narrative and engendering an acceptance of how historical narratives can and should be recast to allow for a broader field of stories to be told in the present.
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Bigelow, Allison Margaret. Mining Language. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654386.001.0001.
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Mineral wealth from the Americas underwrote and undergirded European colonization of the New World; American gold and silver enriched Spain, funded the slave trade, and spurred Spain's northern European competitors to become Atlantic powers. Building upon works that have narrated this global history of American mining in economic and labor terms, Mining Language is the first book-length study of the technical and scientific vocabularies that miners developed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as they engaged with metallic materials. This language-centric focus enables Allison Bigelow to document the crucial intellectual contributions Indigenous and African miners made to the very engine of European colonialism. By carefully parsing the writings of well-known figures such as Cristóbal Colón and Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés and lesser-known writers such Álvaro Alonso Barba, a Spanish priest who spent most of his life in the Andes, Bigelow uncovers the ways in which Indigenous and African metallurgists aided or resisted imperial mining endeavors, shaped critical scientific practices, and offered imaginative visions of metalwork. Her creative linguistic and visual analyses of archival fragments, images, and texts in languages as diverse as Spanish and Quechua also allow her to reconstruct the processes that led to the silencing of these voices in European print culture.
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Richards-Greaves, Gillian. Rediasporization. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496831156.001.0001.
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This book examines how African-Guyanese in New York City participate in the Come to My Kwe-Kwe ritual to facilitate rediasporization, that is, the creation of a newer diaspora from an existing one. Since the fall of 2005, African-Guyanese in New York City have celebrated Come to My Kwe-Kwe (more recently called Kwe-Kwe Night) on the Friday evening before Labor Day. Come to My Kwe-Kwe is a reenactment of a uniquely African-Guyanese pre-wedding ritual called kweh-kweh, and sometimes referred to as karkalay, mayan, kweh-keh, and pele. A typical traditional (wedding-based) kweh-kweh has approximately ten ritual segments, which include the pouring of libation to welcome or appease the ancestors; a procession from the groom’s residence to the bride’s residence or central kweh-kweh venue; the hiding of the bride; and the negotiation of bride price. Each ritual segment is executed with music and dance, which allow for commentary on conjugal matters, such as sex, domestication, submissiveness, and hard work. Come to My Kwe-Kwe replicates the overarching segments of the traditional kweh-kweh, but a couple (male and female) from the audience acts as the bride and groom, and props simulate the boundaries of the traditional performance space, such as the gate and the bride’s home. This book draws on more than a decade of ethnographic research data and demonstrates how Come to My Kwe-Kwe allows African-Guyanese-Americans to negotiate complex, overlapping identities in their new homeland, by combining elements from the past and present and reinterpreting them to facilitate rediasporization and ensure group survival.
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Bonet Navarro, Jaime. HUMAN RIGHTS Evolution in the digital era. Edited by Magdalena Sitek. Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13166/wsge/hr-pl/thaz5155.
Full textAbstract:
This publication contains studies conducted by authors from several European countries that have cooperated with each other for many years in the field of human rights. The fruit of this cooperation are numerous conferences and publications in various languages. What is most important, however, is the exchange of experiences and opinions on understanding and application of individual human rights from the perspective of the experiences of societies living in the European cultural circle, and at the same time functioning in different historical and geographical conditions. This publication is an attempt to look at human rights from the perspective of the dynamic progress that is connected with the development of ICT tools. It is not only about digitization or automation of human work, but above all about creating a virtual society, in which artificial intelligence plays an important role. A significant part of human activity, especially interpersonal communication, takes place with the use of social media. Moreover, individual contact with public authorities are being gradually replaced by intelligent computer programs. In the United States, there is already an IT system, which adjudicates in minor misdemeanor cases. Modern researches in IT sector aim to build programs that allow to support human thinking through recommendation algorithms or suggesting automatically learned solutions, and even aim at autonomous decision-making. This last level of shifting responsibility for decisions to artificial intelligence is assessed extremely positive by many people, but also brings many fears. A virtual society built with the use of artificial intelligence changes the perception of many human rights, such as the right to good name, the right to freely express one’s opinion, the right to property, the right to state or national identity. Hence this publication contains various opinions on the artificial intelligence and its role in the functioning of society and importance for the life of an individual. The added value of this publication is the fact that it contains balanced views and assessments of authors from various European countries and academic societies conducting research on digital reality. This publication will certainly allow the reader to form his or her own opinion on human rights in the context of artificial intelligence.