Academic literature on the topic 'Allorgen'

In a taxonomic treatment of Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) in Madagascar, 13 nomenclatural novelties at the ranks of species, variety, and forma were validly published by Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995). In three cases that have gone unrecorded this was done inadvertently, but nonetheless validly. In the other 10 cases, Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995) variously and explicitly ascribed the new names and new combinations published in that work to either: (1) P. Boiteau, or to (2) L. Allorge-Boiteau. Only in three cases, that of the inadvertently validly published replacement name K. marnieriana H.Jacobsen ex Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 102) and the inadvertently validly published new combinations K. synsepala Baker (1882: 110) var. trichantha (Baker 1883: 140) Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 179) and K. integrifolia Baker (1887: 471) var. bitteri (Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie 1914: 120) Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau (1995: 183), were Boiteau and Allorge-Boiteau co-authors of the names.

In the water sample taken on September 7, 1976 from the pond in Głowno (Łódź District) filaments of <em>Zygnema</em> were found in vegetative stage. In culture a full development cycle of this alga was observed: vegetative filaments, conjugation, zygotes and their germination. The taxon was identified as <em>Zygnema allorgei</em> Gauthier-Lievre. Its diagnosis was supplemented. It is the second site of occurance of the species in the world. <em>Z. allorgei</em> was described for the first time in 1965 in Algeria.

A total of 8 species of Euglenophyceae where 5 species of Euglena namely, Euglena lucens Günther, E. paludosa Mainx., E. gaumei Allorge & Lefèvre , E. heimii Lef., E. mangini Lefévre, and 3 species of Lepocinclis namely, Lepocinclis ovum var. deflandriana (Ehrenberg) Lemmermann, L. ovum var. globulus ( Perty) Lemmermann and L. steinii Lemmermann from Sylhet Division which are all new records for Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 11-15, 2021 (June)

The proposed name at new rank ‘Kalanchoe brevicalyx’ (Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie 1915: 88) L.Allorge (in Boiteau & Allorge-Boiteau 1995: 133) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) was not validly published as a full and direct reference to the place of valid publication of the basionym, K. pinnata var. brevicalyx Raymond-Hamet & Perrier de la Bâthie (1915: 88), with page or plate reference and date, was not clearly indicated (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 41.5). We here validly publish the new combination and status.

Seventy-six plant extracts from the Panamanian flora have been screened for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography. The most promising extracts with AChE inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities at 100 μg were those of Tabernaemontana panamensis (Markgr., Boiteau & L. Allorge) Leeuwenb., Pentagonia macrophylla Benth., and Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch. Bioguided fractionation of W. coccinea stem extract afforded two triterpenes, 3β,6β,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and 3β,6β-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (sumaresinolic acid) (2), with AChE inhibitory activity. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report of these bioactive triterpenes in W. coccinea.

AbstractCladium mariscus (L.) Pohl (Cyperaceae) is a rare species in Europe considered by several authors to be a relict of the early Holocene period. It is listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, Annexes of the Habitat Directive and the Bern Convention. Communities with domination of this species are included in the Green Data Book of Ukraine. Substantial differences in major ecological factors for Cladium mariscus communities in the western (carbonate bogs) and the southern (marshes and floating swamps of the northern Black Sea) regions of Ukraine were shown. The author carried out comparisons of relevés characterizing different communities with Cladium mariscus within Europe. Based on the results of TWINSPAN analysis, four associations were identified, confirmed by floristic indices and ecological data: Cladietum marisci Allorge 1921, Soncho maritimi-Cladietum marisci (Br.-Bl. & O. de Bolòs 1957) Cirujano 1980, Dorycnio recti-Cladietum marisci Gradstein & Smittenberg 1977 and Junco maritimi-Cladietum marisci (Br.-Bl. & O. de Bolòs 1957) Géhu & Biondi 1988. Thus, in addition to the association Cladietum marisci, a new one was indicated for Ukraine, Junco maritimi-Cladietum marisci.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD),
Airborne fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and human exposure is inevitable. Such fungi differ greatly in their taxonomic, physical, ecological and pathogenic characteristics. Currently, 69 000 species have been taxonomically classified and more than 80 of these are recognised to be aeroallergen sources. Many strategies have evolved to sample, identify and interpret fungal exposure to these species, however no strategy serves all purposes as exposure is a complex and dynamic process confounded by spatial, temporal and geographic variations in airborne counts, in addition to the inadequacies of the immunodiagnostic techniques available. To date, the interpretation of personal exposure and sensitisation to fungal allergens has been restricted to a few select species and the contribution of other genera, airborne hyphae and fragmented conidia to allergic disease are all poorly understood. The aim of the thesis was to utilize the Halogen Immunoassay (HIA) to diagnose fungal allergic sensitisation, to investigate the distribution and factors influencing allergens of fungi in the air and to understand what is actually inhaled in exposure settings. The novelty of the HIA derives from its unique ability to provide allergen sources that are actively secreted by the collected fungal spores and hyphae, which are bound to protein binding membranes (PBM) and then immunoprobed. In Chapter 2, the HIA was compared to the commercial in vitro Pharmacia UniCap assay (CAP) and the in vivo skin prick test (SPT), using 30 sera from subjects SPT positive to Aspergillus fumigatus and/or Alternaria alternata and 30 who were SPT negative to these fungi but sensitised to non-fungal allergens. Sera were analysed by CAP and the HIA against A. alternata, A. fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarum and Epicoccum purpurascens and compared statistically. Between 3% and 7% of SPT negative sera were identified to have specific IgE towards A. fumigatus and A. iv alternata, respectively. For the SPT positive sera, significant associations were found between the HIA and CAP scores for all fungal species tested (P<0.0001). Correlations between the HIA and SPT however, were weakly correlated for A. alternata (rs = 0.44, P<0.05) but not for A. fumigatus. In Chapter 3, personal exposure to indoor fungal aerosols was examined using the HIA to identify the fungal components that people were allergic to. Personal air sampling pumps (PASs) collected airborne fungal propagules onto PBMs for 2.5 hours indoors (n=21). Collected fungi were incubated overnight in a humid chamber to promote the germination of conidia. The membranes were then immunostained with pooled human Alternaria species-positive sera. All air samples contained fungal hyphae that expressed soluble allergens and were significantly higher in concentration than counts of conidia of individual well-characterised allergenic genera. Approximately 25% of all hyphae expressed detectable allergen compared to non-stained hyphae (P<0.05) and the resultant localisation of immunostaining was heterogeneous among hyphae. Fungal conidia of ten genera that were previously uncharacterised as allergen sources accounted for 8% of the total conidia that demonstrated IgE binding. In Chapter 4, the number and identity of fungi inhaled by 34 adults in an outdoor community setting was measured over 2 hour periods by people wearing Intra-nasal air samplers (INASs) and compared to fungal counts made with a Burkard spore trap and filter air samplers worn on the lapel. Using INAS, the most prevalent fungi inhaled belonged to soil borne spores of Alternaria, Arthrinium, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Epicoccum, Exserohilum, Fusarium, Pithomyces, Spegazzinia, Tetraploa and Xylariaceae species, in addition to hyphal fragments. These results showed that inhaled exposure in most people varied in a 2-fold range with 10-fold outliers. In addition, the INAS and personal air filters agreed more with each other than with Burkard spore trap counts. The analysis was further confounded by different sampling efficiencies, locations of devices and ability to visualise and count fungal propagules. In Chapter 5, a double immunostaining technique based on the HIA was developed and applied to the conidia, hyphae and fungal fragments of A. alternata, A. fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum to discriminate between sources of allergens, v using IgE and to identify the fungi, using a fungal-specific antibody. The localisation of immunostaining was heterogeneous between both conidia and the state of germination with greater concentrations of double immunostaining detected following germination for each fungal species (P<0.0001). Fragmented A. alternata hyphae and morphologically indiscernible fragments could be identified for the first time using this technique. In Chapter 6, the factors affecting the release of allergen from the spores of eleven different species were studied. For nine of eleven species, between 5.7% and 92% of spores released allergen before germination. Ungerminated spores of P. chrysogenum and Trichoderma viride did not release detectable allergen. After germination, all spores that germinated eluted allergen from their hyphae. Upon germination there was a significant increase in the percentage of spores eluting detectable allergen (P<0.0001) and the localisation of allergen along the hyphae varied between species. Increased elution of allergen post germination might be a common feature of many species of allergenic fungi following inhalation. Additionally, Chapter 6 explored the extent to which inhaled spores or hyphae germinate after deposition in the nasal cavity and thus cause exposure to allergens. Twenty subjects had their noses lavaged at three separate intervals, (1) at the beginning of the experiment, (2) after one hour indoors and (3) after one hour outdoors. The recovery of spores and hyphal fragments from the nasal cavity varied between individuals and was significantly greater after outdoor exposures. Germinated fungal spores were recovered often in high concentrations for Aspergillus-Penicillium species, however the proportion between ungerminated and germinated spores were much lower for other genera recovered. Conclusions: Our analysis of cultured and wild-type fungi presents a new paradigm of natural fungal exposure, which in addition to commonly recognized species, implicates airborne hyphae, fragmented conidia and the conidia of a much more diverse range of genera as airborne allergens. Exposure is heterogeneous between individuals in the same geographic locality and the spectrum of fungal genera inhaled differs with the method of analysis. Many of the spores inhaled are likely to be allergenic, however upon germination there is an increased elution of allergen and this might be a common vi feature of many fungal species following inhalation. This project also provides novel techniques to diagnose fungal allergy by immunostaining wild-type fungi to which a patient is exposed with the patient’s own serum. Such an immunoassay combines environmental with serological monitoring on a patient specific basis and potentially avoids many problems associated with extract variability, based on the performance of current diagnostic techniques for fungal allergy.