Journal articles: 'Allochthonous specie'

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Guido, Adriano, Franco Russo, Domenico Miriello, and Adelaide Mastandrea. "Autochthonous Micrite to Aphanodolomite: The Microbialites in the Dolomitization Processes." Geosciences 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120451.

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In the present paper, we examine the influence of micrite types, autochthonous or allochthonous, on the dolomitization processes. The recrystallized and dolomitized Carnian samples from Rifugio Vallandro and Alpe di Specie erratic boulders (South Tyrol, Italy) offer a unique example for studying the relationship between microbialites and dolomitization processes. The comparison between the carbonates of the well-preserved erratic boulders of Alpe di Specie and the isochronous, recrystallized, and dolomitized, samples of Rifugio Vallandro, allows for hypothesizing the role of microbialites on dolomitization processes. The Rifugio Vallandro samples represent variously dolomitized boundstone (made of corals, sponges, and peloidal crusts) with a fine texture (aphanodolomite) which contain organic matter relics, suggesting microbial-mediated mineralization. Geomicrobiological characterization of the microbialites from Alpe di Specie indicates that they formed through microbial metabolic activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria, which thrive on organic matter accumulated in the suboxic to anoxic interspaces of the skeletal framework. Similar processes can be hypothesized for the microbialite precursor of Rifugio Vallandro. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and other organic compounds trapped inside the fine crystal matrix can have a role in the dolomitization processes of the microbialites. High pH and high alkalinity, derived from the degradation of organic matter, may be critical in promoting the dolomitization of microbialites because the high pH increases the concentration and activity of the dissolved CO32−, thereby increasing the dolomite supersaturation and reaction rates. This process produces very fine dolomite (aphanodolomite) that replaces the original organic-rich micrite, while the fine crystalline dolomite forming larger euhedral crystals seems to derive from the allochthonous micrite due to the presence of a large amount of siliciclastics and the absence of organic remains.

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Akpoka, Obhioze Augustine, and Christiana Ngozi Opara. "Isolation of Aerobic Bacteria Flora in the Gills and Gastrointestinal Tract of Culturable Freshwater Fish from Ogbia Bayelsa State." Archives of Ecotoxicology 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ae.2021.3.1.5-8.

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Fish is in high demand as food, food additives, and supplements as they are a rich source of carbon, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Fish has been established to possess bacterial populations on or in their skin, gills, digestive tract, etc. with their microbial diversity often reflecting the bacterial populations of the surrounding water which are either allochthonous or allochthonous. This study isolated and enumerated aerobic bacteria flora in the gastrointestinal tract and gills of four culturable freshwater fish (Silver catfish, Tilapia, Clarias, and Heterobranchus). These species of cultural freshwater fish were obtained and each adult specie held in a separate glass containing unchlorinated water and transferred to the laboratory. The quantitative and qualitative estimation of the bacteria flora present in the gill and Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT) of fish were investigated. The Mean total plate count on Nutrient Agar (NA), Blood Agar (BA), MacConkey Agar (MCA), Cysteine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient Agar, (CLED Agar) and Salmonella – Shigella Agar (SSA) was found to be 60 and 40 CFU, 150 and 80 CFU, 100 and 90 CFU and 80 and 70 CFU respectively. Most of the isolates were of public significance. The results showed that fish contains a large number of microbiotas which may play a role in nutrition and health.

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Lunghi, Enrico, Olivier Guillaume, Pauline Blaimont, and Raoul Manenti. "The first ecological study on the oldest allochthonous population of European cave salamanders (Hydromantes sp.)." Amphibia-Reptilia 39, no. 1 (2018): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003137.

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The introduction of allochthonous species often represents a serious problem for ecosystems and native species. Usually, these cases involve common widespread species that show high adaptability and strong competitiveness against local species. Within amphibians, the introduction of allochthonous species mainly deals with anurans, while cases involving caudata are few and poorly studied. We report the first assessment of an introduced population of European plethodontid salamanders. This population is located in the French Pyrenees and represents the oldest allochthonous Hydromantes population. We reconstructed the history of its introduction and collected data on the ecology and feeding habits of this population. Our results show that this population is stable and reproductive, showing strong similarities to Italian mainland species of Hydromantes. This study provided the base for further studies focused on this allochthonous population of European cave salamanders.

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Tucovic, Aleksandar, and Mirjana Ocokoljic. "Taxodium ascendens Brongn.: Allochthonous conifer species in Serbia." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 92 (2005): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0592159t.

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The differential characters of the cultivated tree Taxodium ascendens Brongn and Taxodium distichum L. Rich. trees in the Banja Koviljaca Park are described. Taxodium ascendens Brongn. is differentiated as the adaptive and fast-growing conifer for the conditions in Serbia.

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Sugiura, Shinji, and Hiroshi Ikeda. "Which insect species numerically respond to allochthonous inputs?" Naturwissenschaften 100, no. 8 (June 19, 2013): 749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1071-0.

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Antonín, Martiník, Adamec Zdeněk, and Houška Jakub. "Production and soil restoration effect of pioneer tree species in a region of allochthonous Norway spruce dieback." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 1 (January 30, 2017): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/98/2016-jfs.

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The paper analyses the growth, structure, production and soil chemistry of different tree species stands 20 years after allochthonous spruce dieback. The experiment was carried out at lower altitudes (300 m a.s.l.) at rich sites of the Central Europe region. Norway spruce (Picea abies Linnaeus) and beech (Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus) stands established by artificial regeneration were compared with silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), aspen (Populus tremula Linnaeus) and birch-aspen stands, which were regenerated naturally. Spruce stands showed a decrease of site index (site index 3), compared with the previous generation (site index 2). This leads to an expected lower production at the age of 100 years, compared to mature beech stands, which showed a site index of 1. The highest production (tree overbark volume) was found out in the aspen stand – 294 m3·ha–1. The production (tree overbark volume) of other monoculture stands was comparable and reached 201–222 m3·ha–1. Most of the soil chemical characteristics under the compared stands (Ca and Mg content, Al content and active and potential soil reaction) were significantly better under aspen and decreased in the following trend: birch – beech – spruce.

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Gao, Zhizhong, Yanmeng Hou, and Feng Zhang. "Four new species of cave-adapted pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones, Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from Guizhou, China." ZooKeys 1139 (January 9, 2023): 33–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1139.96639.

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Four new troglomorphic pseudotyrannochthoniid pseudoscorpion species collected from karst caves in Guizhou Province are described with detailed diagnoses and illustrations: Allochthonius bainiensissp. nov. from Liangfeng Cave (Xishui County), Allochthonius pandussp. nov. from Daozuo Cave (Xishui County), Allochthonius xinqiaoensissp. nov. from Sanjie Cave (Fenggang County), and Spelaeochthonius wulibeiensissp. nov. from Wulibei Cave (Weining County). Spelaeochthonius wulibeiensissp. nov. represents the first record of the genus in China. The diagnostic features of these four new cave-adapted (troglomorphic) species are presented and discussed, as well as compared with closely related species. The data on their distribution, habitat and ecology of the species are also given.

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Jarić, Snežana, Zorana Mataruga, Dimitrije Sekulić, Marija Pavlović, Dragana Pavlović, Miroslava Mitrović, and Pavle Pavlović. "Allochthonous plant species in the vegetation of the Great War Island." Acta herbologica 29, no. 2 (2020): 111–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/actaherb2002111j.

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The main aim of the conducted research was to determine the presence of allochthonous plants in the area of the protected natural reserve - The Great War Island. The research was conducted during the vegetation season of 2020. Thirty four allochthonous plant species were recorded and classified into 19 families. Asteraceae (8 species), Fabaceae Poaceae and Sapindaceae (3 species each) had the highest species diversity. Phytogeographic analysis of their primary distribution areas has shown that most belong to the category of floral elements of the "adventitious" areal type. The chorological spectrum is dominated by species of North American origin (58.8%), while in the biological spectrum the most common are therophytes (38.2%). Chronological spectrum analysis has shown the highest prevalence of neophytes (64.7%). Seventeen species have the status of invasive, 16 naturalized, while one species (Morus alba) is characterized as ephemerophyte. The most frequent neophytes on the Great War Island are Acer negundo, Ailanthus altissima, Amorpha fruticosa, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, while among neotophytes, Echinocystis lobata and Symphyotrichum lanceolatus stand out in terms of frequency of occurrence. The geographical position of the Great War Island, due to which it is exposed to periodic floods, high levels of groundwater, strong influence of anthropogenic factors and the biological characteristics of allochthonous species are the main factors enabling them to inhabit this area. Results of this research should be the basis for the development of a strategy for monitoring the condition and planning control measures for the unwanted plant species, in order to protect the indigenous flora. Only careful and responsible management of landscapes of outstanding features such as The Great War Island and taking appropriate preventive measures can prevent the settlement, domestification and further spread of allochthonous plants.

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Battisti, Corrado, Michele Cento, Fulvio Fraticelli, Steven Hueting, and Sergio Muratore. "Vertebrates in the “Palude di Torre Flavia” Special Protection Area (Lazio, central Italy): an updated checklist." Natural History Sciences 8, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2021.509.

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Here we present the checklist of the vertebrates of the “Palude di Torre Flavia”, a protected area in Tyrrhenian central Italy (Special Protection Area according to the Directive 2009/147/EC). To draw up the checklist, we collated all the records found in the literature, in private collections, and in the Ornitho.it website database, as well as sporadic historical observations. We obtained evidence documented between 1981 and 2020 for 291 taxa of which 259 native, 26 allochthonous and 6 domesticated species in 5 classes: 5 actinopterygians (4 native species and 1 allochtonous), 2 amphibians, 20 reptiles (11 native species and 9 allochthonous; the last being all freshwater terrapins), 244 birds (including 14 non-native taxa and 6 domestic forms) and 20 mammals (including 2 allochthonous). Forty-three species are listed as of conservation concern on a national scale. The area has shown to be an important biodiversity hotspot, and a major stopover site for migrating birds. Further research should be focused on some still poorly investigated taxonomic groups, in particular: Actinopterygii, Amphibia Salamandridae, Carnivora Mustelidae, and Chiroptera.

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Gao, Zhizhong, and Feng Zhang. "Description of a new Allochthonius species from China, with a key to the genus (Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae)." Entomologica Fennica 24, no. 2 (July 2, 2013): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.8346.

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Anew pseudoscorpion species, Allochthonius exornatus sp. n., belonging to the family Pseudotyrannochthoniidae Beier, 1932, is described fromChina. Detailed diagnosis, descriptions and illustrations are presented, and a key to the genus Allochthonius Chamberlin, 1929 is provided.

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Marić, Mara, and Ivana Vitasović-Kosić. "Horticultural species of the island of Lokrum in the period of archduke Maximilian of Habsburg (1859–1869) and their current state." Šumarski list 144, no. 9-10 (October 27, 2020): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.144.9-10.1.

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This research, conducted within the ornamental gardens of the Island of Lokrum and based on the original archival documents from Trieste State Archives (AST) and Austrian State Archives (OeStA) in Vienna, was aimed at creating the first unique list of horticultural plant taxon planted on the island during the reign of the Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian Habsburg (1859-69). The research identified 213 taxa, including 184 species, 4 varieties, 8 hybrids and 17 cultivars. There were 193 allochthonous taxa, mostly originating from Central and South America (66), including 47 Asian species, 21 Australian species, 17 African species and 13 South American species. The Archive lists 20 taxa autochthonous in Croatia. While the number of the autochthonous taxa had apparently been higher, the historical documents have mostly recorded only the introduction of exotics. At that time, the following taxa were for the first time introduced in this part of the Adriatic, on the Island of Lokrum: Ananas comosus, Musa x paradisiaca, M. acuminata, Eucalyptus diversifolia, E. globulus, Araucaria araucana, A. columnaris, A. angustifolia, A. bidwillii, A. cunninghamii, Bougainvillea spectabilis and Citrus reticulata. At the location of the ornamental gardens, 51 ornamental allochthonous taxa and 20 autochthonous taxa were identified today. Within this number, only 21 allochthonous taxa and 9 autochthonous taxa remain present since the period of Maximilian. According to the 2018-2019 inventory, 71 taxa have been inventoried within the ornamental gardens on Lokrum, belonging to 43 families and 64 genera. Due to lack of intensive maintenance of the gardens, the majority of allochthonous, exotic species failed to survive within the autochthonous island vegetation. The list of taxa from Maximilian’s gardens presented in this paper and retrieved from the archival sources, will be the starting point of the restoration process that awaits these gardens.

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Gonçalves Júnior, José Francisco, Juliana Silva França, and Marcos Callisto. "Dynamics of allochthonous organic matter in a tropical Brazilian headstream." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 6 (November 2006): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000700014.

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The species composition of the riparian vegetation and the seasonal contribution of input and storage of fine and coarse particulate organic matter were assessed in a 3rd order stretch. Fourteen tree species in the riparian zone were identified, with 3 species contributing with 68% of total litter input: Miconia chartacea Triana (43%), Miconia cyathanthera Triana (16%) and Erythroxylum pelletarianum St. Hil (9%). The allochthonous input of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) was composed mainly by leaves (over 50%). Species composition and the contribution of each plant species biomass for vertical, lateral and soil inputs and benthic stocks varied along the study period. The maximum values found in September, November and December coincided with the beginning of the rainy season. There were no differences between the allochthonous vertical and lateral inputs of CPOM to the stream. Differently to other studies, this result was probably due to the peculiar composition of stream’s riparian vegetation at Serra do Cipó.

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MARKOVIĆ, Goran, Miroslav ĆIRKOVIĆ, and Stevan MALETIN. "The role of allochthonous (non-native) fish species in Serbian aquaculture." Journal of Central European Agriculture 13, no. 3 (2012): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/13.3.1086.

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Calizza, Edoardo, Loreto Rossi, Giulio Careddu, Simona Sporta Caputi, and Maria Letizia Costantini. "A novel approach to quantifying trophic interaction strengths and impact of invasive species in food webs." Biological Invasions 23, no. 7 (March 13, 2021): 2093–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02490-y.

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AbstractMeasuring ecological and economic impacts of invasive species is necessary for managing invaded food webs. Based on abundance, biomass and diet data of autochthonous and allochthonous fish species, we proposed a novel approach to quantifying trophic interaction strengths in terms of number of individuals and biomass that each species subtract to the others in the food web. This allowed to estimate the economic loss associated to the impact of an invasive species on commercial fish stocks, as well as the resilience of invaded food webs to further perturbations. As case study, we measured the impact of the invasive bass Micropterus salmoides in two lake communities differing in food web complexity and species richness, as well as the biotic resistance of autochthonous and allochthonous fish species against the invader. Resistance to the invader was higher, while its ecological and economic impact was lower, in the more complex and species-rich food web. The percid Perca fluviatilis and the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus were the two species that most limited the invader, representing meaningful targets for conservation biological control strategies. In both food webs, the limiting effect of allochthonous species against M. salmoides was higher than the effect of autochthonous ones. Simulations predicted that the eradication of the invader would increase food web resilience, while that an increase in fish diversity would preserve resilience also at high abundances of M. salmoides. Our results support the conservation of biodiverse food webs as a way to mitigate the impact of bass invasion in lake ecosystems. Notably, the proposed approach could be applied to any habitat and animal species whenever biomass and diet data can be obtained.

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Starrs, Danswell, Brendan C. Ebner, and Christopher J. Fulton. "Ceasefire: minimal aggression among Murray River crayfish feeding upon patches of allochthonous material." Australian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 2 (2015): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14081.

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Transport and processing of allochthonous material is crucial for trophic pathways in headwater streams. Freshwater crayfish are known to affect and exploit the break-down of in-stream terrestrial plant material into detritus. We recorded Euastacus armatus (Murray River crayfish) individuals feeding on discrete patches of allochthonous material within an unregulated section of the Goodradigbee River, an upland stream in temperate Australia. Despite suggestions of aggressive territoriality, E. armatus were observed by remote and manual underwater filming to feed in non-aggressive aggregations on these piles of fine woody debris and leaf litter. On the basis of observations of 25 individuals found in the vicinity of the allochthonous patches, this population comprised mostly female individuals at smaller sizes of maturity than has been recorded for lowland populations of E. armatus. Our study confirms the importance of concentrated allochthonous food patches for detritivores, and points to the important trophic linkage between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems via a widespread and iconic freshwater invertebrate. Moreover, these non-aggressive feeding aggregations of E. armatus challenge notions of aggression in this species that have been developed in small-scale aquarium studies.

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CORSINI-FOKA, M., and P. S. ECONOMIDIS. "Allochthonous and vagrant ichthyofauna in Hellenic marine and estuarine waters." Mediterranean Marine Science 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.163.

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A review of the non-indigenous ichthyofauna occurring in the Hellenic marine and estuarine waters is presented, including Atlantic origin colonizers, aquaculture introduced and Lessepsian alien species. 34 non-native species have been registered. The majority of allochthonous fish are Lessepsian immigrants, which represent approximately 80% of the ascertained non-native ichthyofauna in Hellenic waters; their establishment, spread, habitat, abundance and interaction with indigenous fish are discussed.

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Schneider, Mariana, Pedro De Podestà Uchôa de Aquino, Maria Júlia Martins Silva, and Claudia Padovesi Fonseca. "Trophic structure of a fish community in Bananal stream subbasin in Brasília National Park, Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna), DF." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 3 (September 2, 2011): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011005000030.

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The aim of this study was to determine the trophic structure of the fish community in the Bananal stream subbasin, which belongs to a well-preserved Cerrado area (Brazilian Savanna) in Brasília National Park, Brazil. We also evaluated the influence of environmental variations in the diet of fish species. Four samples were taken in each 30 m long established transect, two in the rainy season and two in the dry season. A total of 1,050 stomachs of the 13 most abundant species were analyzed. A total of 36 food items were consumed, where 24 were autochthonous, 8 allochthonous, and 4 of undetermined origin. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis, in addition to the results of frequency of occurrence and abundance charts, was used to determine four groups of feeding guilds: detritivores, omnivores (tending toward herbivory and invertivory), invertivores and piscivores. Around 69% of the volume of resources consumed was allochthonous, which proves the importance of the resources provided by riparian vegetation. The contribution of autochthonous and allochthonous items in the diet differed due to seasonality for Aspidoras fuscoguttatus, Astyanax sp., Characidium xanthopterum, Hyphessobrycon balbus, Kolpotocheirodon theloura, Moenkhausia sp., Phalloceros harpagos, and Rivulus pictus. Despite the Cerrado climate characteristics, there was no significant influence of season on the fish diet. The absence of seasonal variation and the predominance of allochthonous items in the fish diet are probably associated with the presence of riparian vegetation, which acts as a transition area in the Cerrado biome and provides resources for the aquatic fauna. This work shows the importance of studies in non-disturbed areas considered here as a source of information concerning the biology of fish species and as a guide for direct conservation policies on the management of aquatic resources, recovery of damaged areas and determination of priority areas for conservation.

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Stevens, Calvin H., Vladimir I. Davydov, and Dwight Bradley. "Permian Tethyan Fusulinina from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska." Journal of Paleontology 71, no. 6 (November 1997): 985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000035964.

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Two samples from a large, allochthonous limestone block in the McHugh Complex of the Chugach terrane on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, contain species of 12 genera of Permian Fusulinina including Abadehella, Kahlerina, Pseudokahlerina?, Nankinella, Codonofusiella, Dunbarula, Parafusulina?, Chusenella, Verbeekina, Pseudodoliolina, Metadoliolina?, Sumatrina?, and Yabeina, as well as several other foraminiferans and one alga. The assemblage of fusulinids is characteristically Tethyan, belonging to the Yabeina archaica zone of early Midian (late Wordian) age. Similar faunas are known from the Pamirs, Transcaucasia, and Japan, as well as from allochthonous terranes in British Columbia, northwestern Washington, and Koryakia in eastern Siberia.

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Hernández-Cuevas, Laura Verónica, Luis Alberto Salinas-Escobar, Miguel Ángel Segura-Castruita, Paola Andrea Palmeros-Suárez, and Juan Florencio Gómez-Leyva. "Physiological Responses of Agave maximiliana to Inoculation with Autochthonous and Allochthonous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030535.

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The benefits of mycorrhizal interactions are only known in 8 of 210 recognized Agave taxa. We evaluated the effects of autochthonous and allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth and nutrient assimilation in Agave maximiliana. The autochthonous consortium (Cn) of eight species was propagated from the rhizospheric soil of A. maximiliana, while Claroideoglomus claroideum (Cc) and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Ce) were employed as allochthonous AMF. Six treatments were included in the study: Cn, Ce, Cc, Ce + Cc, Tf (fertilized control), and Tn (non-fertilized control, not inoculated). Mycorrhizal colonization increased over time, and the colonization percentages produced by Cn and the allochthonous AMF, both alone and mixed together, were equal at 6, 12, and 18 months. Height increased steadily and was higher in AMF-treated plants from seven months onward. Growth indicators of AMF-treated and AMF-free plants were equal at 6 months, but the beneficial effects of allochthonous and autochthonous AMF were evident in all growth indicators at 18 months and in sugar and mineral (P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe) content. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly improved all growth parameters of A. maximiliana regardless of the origin of the inoculums. This is the first study to report the positive effects of AMF colonization in A. maximiliana.

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Viana, Ana Clara Moreira, and Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira. "A new troglobitic species of Allochthonius (subgenus Urochthonius) (Pseudoscorpiones, Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from Japan." Subterranean Biology 37 (January 20, 2021): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.37.58580.

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Allochthonius (Urochthonius) yoshizawaisp. nov., found in Hiura-do Cave, a limestone cave located in the municipality of Kumakogen, Ehime Prefecture, Japan, is described. It can be distinguished from the consubgeneric species mainly by the carapacal chaetotaxy (6–2, 18), by the presence of 6 setae on the cheliceral palm, by the rallum with 11 blades, by the presence of 8 clavate coxal blades on coxae I, and by the decreased number and distinct shape of the chelal teeth. A redescription of the subgenus Urochthonius, and keys to the subgenera of Allochthonius and to the species and subspecies of Urochthonius are also provided, as well as some ecological remarks, a brief discussion on troglomorphisms for the subgenus, and potential threats for this species.

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Mazzoni, Rosana, and Leandro Damião Soares da Costa. "Feeding ecology of stream-dwelling fishes from a coastal stream in the Southeast of Brazil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 50, no. 4 (July 2007): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132007000400008.

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The relationship between ontogenetic variation of intestine length and feeding habits of five stream-dwelling fish species from the Ubatiba River were investigated. Analysed data were based on two size categories (juveniles and adults) and two food categories (animal and vegetal). Diet composition of each size category revealed that Astyanax janeiroensis and Geophagus brasiliensis changed food preference throughout ontogeny and switched from omnivorous/carnivorous to omnivorous/herbivorous and from omnivorous/carnivorous to omnivorous, respectively. These changes were followed by ontogenetic changes in the Intestinal Coefficient (IC). No ontogenetic differences were registered for IC and food categories consumed by Hoplias malabaricus but significant differences in the size of consumed preys as well as positive correlation between fish size (predator) and prey size was observed. Food items (within animal category) consumed by the adult Pimelodella lateristriga were mainly based on allochthonous arthropods whereas juvenile individuals fed with the same intensity on allochthonous and autochthonous arthropods; both juveniles and adult individuals of Mimagoniates microlepis were mainly allochthonous feeders. Mean IC values of Pimelodella lateristriga and Mimagoniates microlepis did not change along body growth. Although changes in food category consumption were not common among all the studied species, changes in the resource exploitation strategy was a rule among them, except for Mimagoniates microlepis.

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Tucovic, Aleksandar, Vasilije Isajev, and Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic. "Secondary range and ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa L. in Serbia." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 89 (2004): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0489223t.

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The introduction of allochthonous species enriches the trees and shrubs of the country and leads to the phenomenon of the secondary range of cultivated species, which differs very much from species to species. The amorpha (Amorpha fruticosa L) range characteristics are presented, the species which has a very expressed tendency of subspontaneous spreading in Serbia. The inventory was performed by the stationary and marshroute investigations of the species coenosis.

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Melo, Cesar Enrique de, Francisco de Arruda Machado, and Vangil Pinto-Silva. "Feeding habits of fish from a stream in the savanna of Central Brazil, Araguaia Basin." Neotropical Ichthyology 2, no. 1 (March 2004): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252004000100006.

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The objective of the present study was to determine the composition of the diet of fish and its relation to the condition of canopy along a stream in the savanna of Central Brazil. Fish were collected monthly from April 1994 to March 1995. A total of 3872 individuals belonging to 82 species were captured and 1606 of them had their stomach content analysed. Allochthonous resources were widely used by fish. Although some fish groups do present generalist habits, most of the species can be included in well-defined trophic groups. Piscivores were abundant only during the flooding season when they occupied the stream looking for food and reproduction sites. Deforestation of the riparian forest has negative effects on the fish populations that depend on allochthonous resources. Lack of vegetation near the mouth of the river allows sand accumulation on the bottom of the stream and destruction of important microhabitats used as feeding and shelter, a fact that excluded some species from this site.

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Costa, Matheus Souza, and Welber Senteio Smith. "Population structure and natural diet of Astyanax cf. paranae Eigenmann 1914 a typical species of neotropical headwaters streams." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 41 (November 7, 2019): e45400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v41i1.45400.

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This work describes the habits of individuals of the species Astyanax cf. paranae that inhabit Ribeirão do Ferro, a bedside stream. Overall, 92 specimens were analyzed (53 females and 39 males), and the size ranged from class 4.7-5.7 cm to class 10.7-11.7 cm. The females consisted in the larger portion of the samples, except for classes of 4.7-5.7 and 5.7-6.7 cm. The condition factor between males and females (t = 2.1545; p < 0.05) shows distinguished values, with females having higher averages. Fragments of allochthonous insects and plant matter make up the basis of the species' diet. The study showed that the population of A. cf. paranae is predominantly females and have the highest standard for length and weight, which may favor biological diversity and increased larvae and juveniles, maximizing the chance of individuals reaching adulthood. The species prefers an environment with predominance of rocks and logs, which favors shelters. Its diet comes mostly from the riparian forest, with a high dependence on the allochthonous items, thus, these vegetations are very important for maintaining populations of the species.

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Kollár, J., P. Hrubík, and S. Tkáčová. "Monitoring of harmful insect species in urban conditions in selected model areas of Slovakia." Plant Protection Science 45, No. 3 (October 16, 2009): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2009-pps.

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Research was carried out in 7 model urban areas of Slovakia (Nitra, Topoľčany, Komárno, Partizánske, Piešťany, Prievidza, Trnava) in 2005–2006. Research was aimed at phytophagous insects damaging allochthonous and autochthonous ornamental woody plants, growing in the urban environment. Because of the importance of alien (introduced) species in this country, we were also interested in this problem. Field research was realized minimally three times per vegetation period. We collected samples of damage symptoms, adult samples or larval samples. In total, we recorded 409 species and 5 varieties of phytophagous insects in the examined areas. From that number the orderLepidoptera accounted for the highest percentage (29.25%). We recorded 52 species of alien insects. During the research period we recorded 9 new alien species for Slovakia in the model areas.

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Rădac, Ioan Alexandru, and Maximilian Teodorescu. "First records of Mustha spinosula and Perillus bioculatus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Romania." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 64, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.64.e64664.

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This study provides data on the first known established populations of two allochthonous species in Romania, Mustha spinosula and Perillus bioculatus. Overwintering, host plants and distribution of these two pentatomids (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) are briefly discussed. We also provide information on color variation in nymphs of Mustha spinosula and report a new host plant for this species.

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Milković, Matija, Mihajlo Stanković, Tatjana Gogić, Sara Rodić, and Aleksandra Konjević. "The first record on Xanthium strumarium and Helianthus decapetalus as host plants of ragweed leaf beetle (Ophraella communa L.) in Serbia." Biljni lekar 50, no. 1 (2022): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2201040m.

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So far, the confirmed host plants of the ragweed leaf beetle in Serbia belonged to the genus Ambrosia (Ambrosia artemisifolia, A. trifida). At one locality Tošin bunar (Bežanija, Belgrade, Serbia) the first case of Ophraella communa adults feeding on leaves of Xanthium strumarium and Helianthus decapetalus was recorded in Serbia. The number of specimens of O. communa on H. decapetalus was ranging between 1 and 18 specimens per plant, while on X. strumarium it was up to 10 adult specimens. While the plants of ragweed had up to 100% damaged leaves, the leaves of X. strumarium and H. decapetalus had leaf damage less than 10-15% per plant. Considering our findings of the insect feeding on spontaneous allochthonous plant species H. decapetalus, seasonal monitoring of O. communa is recommended especially in the fields where the sunflower (Helianthus annus) is widely cultivated. Monitoring of O. communa on the other plant species of Astereae, especially on allochthonous species originating from North America which share the same natural habitats with the ragweed leaf beetle is also recommended.

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Shi, Min, Qing-Lai Feng, Maliha Zareen Khan, Stanley Awramik, and Shi-Xing Zhu. "Silicified microbiota from the Paleoproterozoic Dahongyu Formation, Tianjin, China." Journal of Paleontology 91, no. 3 (March 6, 2017): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.163.

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AbstractCherts and silicified dolostones of the ca. 1600 Ma Dahongyu Formation (uppermost Changcheng Group) from North China contain well-preserved microfossils. Cyanobacteria filaments and coccoids dominate the studied Dahongyu microbiota in the Jixian section. These microfossils show the characteristics of endobenthic, epibenthic, and allochthonous microfossils, which illustrated well a vertical distributional view of an intertidal microbiota. Large numbers and size of allochthonous microfossils are the distinguishing characteristics of this new microbiota. A few of these possess ornaments or odd morphology, which suggest their potential eukaryotic nature. Through regional comparisons, it is revealed that there was significant regional disparity within the Yanshan Basin of microbiotas during deposition of the Dahongyu Formation. The newly studied Dahongyu microbiota is similar to the microbiota from the underlying Changcheng Group, with only slight differences. The absence of typical eukaryotes and the emergence of unique microfossils (especially small fusiform microfossils) make the Dahongyu Formation and the subsequent strata of the Jixian Group distinct from contemporaneous eukaryote-bearing strata.In the Dahongyu assemblage, 19 species were recognized, six species were identified informally and seven species were identified in open nomenclature. One new taxon of microfossil was described:Xiaohongyuia sinicaShi and Feng new genus new species.

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Jovanović, Filip, Vera Lavadinović, Ljubinko Rakonjac, Snežana Stajić, and Zoran Miletić. "Variability of potassium content in the needles of Douglas-fir provenances of Canadian origin." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 81-82 (2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor2081029j.

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The provenance test model is based on the analysis of growth, anatomical, physiological, chemical, mechanical, and other properties of an allochthonous species to justify its transfer from the place of origin to new ecosystems. Douglas-fir is one of the most common allochthonous conifer species in the forest plantations of Europe. Given that the analysis of different physiological properties of trees is important for the introduction of specified provenances into new habitats, this paper presents the results of an investigation of the variability of potassium content in young Douglas-fir needles of 14 Canadian provenances raised on two experimental sites in Belgrade. Potassium is an essential element involved in a number of biochemical and physiological processes and plays a significant role in the adaptation of plants on biotic and abiotic stress factors. Determination of the deviation of potassium content in the needles of each Douglas-fir provenance studied was performed using the Z-test.

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Pham Van, Thong. "Longitudinal monitoring of turtle trade through Facebook in Vietnam." January 2019, Volume 29, Number 1 (January 1, 2019): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hj29.1.4856.

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Trade of turtles, for both food and pet, represents a substantial business in Vietnam, especially because this country is a cross-bridge for wildlife trade from Indochina to China. Vietnam is also one of the main countries worldwide in terms of the number of Facebook members, and a considerable portion of the business has gone online through Facebook trading, including turtle trade. Here, the advertisements of turtles for sale in Vietnamese Facebook groups were monitored for the period 2013-2018, obtaining a total of 481 advertisement cases concerning 5,758 individuals belonging to 53 species and 12 families. There has been a rapidly rising trade of turtles online, especially in the last two years. Many traded species were allochthonous, but native species accounted for 22 species and over 36 % of the traded individuals. Most allochthonous species were traded as hatchlings and juveniles, whereas most of the native species were traded as subadults and adults, thus suggesting a high frequency of illegal trade in wild caught animals. Five traded native species are considered among the 50 most threatened turtle species in the world. Turtle trade occurred mostly in the two biggest cites of Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh city and Hanoi), which accounted for 68 % of the total trade. Turtle price varied substantially across species and by different lifestages (i.e. hatchlings, juveniles, sub-adults and adults), and increased considerably in comparison to 1993 estimates.

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Sahoo, Banshidhar, and Swarup Poria. "Effects of Allochthonous Resources in a Three Species Food Chain Model with Harvesting." Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems 23, no. 3 (July 15, 2014): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12591-014-0209-7.

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Jarić, Snežana, Branko Karadžić, Zorana Mataruga, Olga Kostić, Miroslava Mitrović, and Pavle Pavlović. "Allochthonous plant species in the flora and vegetation of Crni Lug (Southwest Srem)." Acta herbologica 28, no. 1 (2019): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/actaherb1901031j.

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Christopoulos, Apostolos, Charikleia-Foteini Pantagaki, Nikos Poulakakis, and Panayiotis Pafilis. "First record of Anatololacerta pelasgiana (Mertens, 1959) in mainland Greece: another new species in Athens." Herpetozoa 35 (December 14, 2022): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e97649.

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Urban habitats receive an increasing number of species due to anthropogenic activities, mainly transportations. Here, we report a new addition to the herpetofauna of Athens (Greece): a small population of the Pelasgian wall lizard (Anatololacerta pelasgiana) was found in a suburb of the Athenian metropolitan area. The species normally occurs in southwestern Anatolia and southeastern Aegean islands and this is the first record in the Greek mainland. Allochthonous species that successfully colonize cities raise new challenges to urban ecology.

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Figueiredo, A. F., F. G. Augusto, L. D. Coletta, P. J. Duarte-Neto, E. A. Mazzi, and L. A. Martinelli. "Comparison of microbial processing of Brachiaria brizantha, a C4 invasive species and a rainforest species in tropical streams of the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 9 (2018): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17080.

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The breakdown of allochthonous organic matter is considered to be the main source of energy and nutrients for the majority of first-order streams. Thus, land-use change and riparian vegetation, such as deforestation and conversion of native forest to pasture lands, will lead to unwanted changes of the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems due to the disturbance of organic-matter supply. The C4 grasses, extensively used as forage in tropical regions, are poorly studied as important sources of allochthonous material because they are usually considered as a poor source of nutrients. Because the effects of land-use change on ecosystem functions are not fully known, we aimed to evaluate how such changes in riparian vegetation can affect nutrient cycling by means of measuring the decomposition rate of an abundant native C3 species and an exotic C4 grass species in first-order streams of the Atlantic Forest. Our results showed that C4 detritus decomposed faster than did C3 detritus, despite its lower nutrient concentration. This was likely to be due to the lower lignin concentration of the C4 species than the native C3 species. Lignin also influenced nutrient-loss dynamics of the C3 species, because it can interact with other cellular constituents and prevent the decomposition of most labile compounds. Our results supported the observation that the replacement of riparian vegetation alters breakdown rates and nutrient distributions, which may disrupt aquatic food webs.

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Vacek, S., K. Matějka, J. Mayová, and V. V Podrázský. "Dynamics of health status of forest stands on research plots in the Šumava National Park." Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 7 (January 16, 2012): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4708-jfs.

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The paper summarises an evaluation of the health status dynamics of allochthonous spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District and of natural stands in the Ple&scaron;ný Forest District. Analysis is based on dendroecological reactions of particular tree individuals in the stand structure. The tree damage was evaluated annually (during the period 1997–2002), based especially on defoliation. Natural and semi-natural, especially mixed forest stands with dominant beech in the Ple&scaron;ný Forest District territory were most tolerant, allochthonous secondary spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District area were least tolerant. The damage dynamics was limited by the activity of insect pests (bark beetle – Ips typographus). Damage caused by ozone occurred much more often in 2002 compared to 1999. The most damaged species were sycamore and rowan tree.

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Petrauskiene, Audrone, Reda Irsenaite, Ricardas Taraskevicius, Dalyte Matuleviciute, and Jurga Motiejunaite. "Significant impact of allochthonous nutrient loads on microarthropods in forest soils." Forest Systems 31, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): e015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022312-19008.

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Aim of study: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of allochthonous material from piscivorous birds on forest soil microarthropod communities. Area of study: Six study zones were designated in Pinus sylvestris stands with nesting sites of the great cormorant, taking into account the relief and the duration of the ornithogenic impact. Materials and methods: The total abundance of mites and Collembola and the species richness and diversity of Oribatida and Gamasina mites were assessed and compared. Main results: The abundance of Collembola, Tarsonemidae and Acaridae mites positively correlated with ornithogenic activity, while Oribatida and Gamasina mites decreased significantly. The structure of microarthropod communities was similar in most of the studied zones, except for the active nesting zone and the abandoned part of the colony on the dune slope. The greatest species richness of Oribatida and Gamasina was found in the unaffected forest in the dune hollow, whereas the lowest value was found in the active nesting area and in the abandoned part of the colony on the dune slope. Of the environmental parameters studied, soil pH (r = - 0.725) and tree layer (r = 0.827) were those most significantly related to the changes of microarthropod communities. Research highlights: We found that cormorant colonies have a strong impact on forest ecosystems and soil properties, leading to significant changes in soil microarthropod communities. Birds thus create a natural disturbance experiment that can help reveal the factors that determine the diversity and composition of natural microarthropod communities.

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Vujić, Mihailo, Nikola Vesović, Mirko Šević, Marko Maričić, and Ivan Tot. "A new greenhouse invader: the first report of the alien ring-legged earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Dermaptera, Anisolabididae) in Serbia, with the first checklist of earwigs of the country." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 65, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.65.e85829.

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The ring-legged earwig Euborellia annulipes (Lucas, 1847) is recorded for the first time on the territory of Serbia. The species was found in the greenhouse of Jevremovac Botanical Garden in Belgrade and represents the second allochthonous invertebrate species registered in this greenhouse, after an exotic millipede. In total, 10 specimens of ring-legged earwig were found in the sections of the greenhouse where tropical and subtropical plants are cultivated. The first checklist of earwigs of Serbia was compiled and notes on autochthonous species are given.

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Pini, Suelen Fernanda Ranucci, Maristela Cavicchioli Makrakis, Mayara Pereira Neves, Sergio Makrakis, Oscar Akio Shibatta, and Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui. "Ichthyofauna in the last free-flowing river of the Lower Iguaçu basin: the importance of tributaries for conservation of endemic species." ZooKeys 1041 (June 3, 2021): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1041.63884.

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The fish fauna from the Lower Iguaçu River and tributaries upstream of the Iguaçu Falls, the last free-flowing river stretch, were investigated. Twenty five sites in tributaries and the main channel were sampled between 2010 and 2016 using several kinds of fishing gear. The species were categorized according to their size, origin, and conservation status. Species richness and abundance in the main channel and tributaries were compared. In total, 87,702 specimens were recorded, comprising 76 species, 25 families, 53 genera, and eight orders. Characiformes and Siluriformes were the richest orders, representing 92% of the total specimens; Characidae, Cichlidae, Pimelodidae, and Loricariidae were the richest families. The fish fauna was composed of small and medium-sized species and included endemic (42%), autochthonous (24%), allochthonous (21%), and exotic (9%) species, as well as hybrids (4%). Significant differences in the relative numerical abundance of species were found among sites. Ancistrus mullerae and Rhamdia branneri (endemic) were indicator species for tributaries inside of Iguaçu National Park (INP), while Phalloceros harpagos (autochthonous) and Ictalurus punctatus (exotic) for tributaries outside of INP and Odontesthes bonariensis (allochthonous) for the main channel. The last dam-free stretch of the Lower Iguaçu River and tributaries upstream the Iguaçu Falls exhibits a rich endemic fish fauna, including some rare, endangered species (Steindachneridion melanodermatum, Gymnogeophagus taroba, and Psalidodon gymnogenys). These findings are essential to predict and understand the effects caused by the new Baixo Iguaçu Hydroelectric Power Plant and highlight the importance of tributaries and Iguaçu National Park for conservation of endemic species.

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Salvatore, Giovanna, Valentino Palombo, Stefano Esposito, Nicolaia Iaffaldano, and Mariasilvia D’Andrea. "Identification of Ancestry Informative Markers in Mediterranean Trout Populations of Molise (Italy): A Multi-Methodological Approach with Machine Learning." Genes 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13081351.

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Brown trout (Salmo trutta), like many other freshwater species, is threated by the release in its natural environment of alien species and the restocking with allochthonous conspecific stocks. Many conservation projects are ongoing and several morphological and genetic tools have been proposed to support activities aimed to restore genetic integrity status of native populations. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of degree of introgression reached up after many generations of crossing, the use of dichotomous key and molecular markers, such as mtDNA, LDH-C1* and microsatellites, are often not sufficient to discriminate native and admixed specimens at individual level. Here we propose a reduced panel of ancestry-informative SNP markers (AIMs) to support on field activities for Mediterranean trout management and conservation purpose. Starting from the genotypes data obtained on specimens sampled in the main two Molise’s rivers (Central-Southern Italy), a 47 AIMs panel was identified and validated on simulated and real hybrid population datasets, mainly through a Machine Learning approach based on Random Forest classifier. The AIMs panel proposed may represent an interesting and cost-effective tool for monitoring the level of introgression between native and allochthonous trout population for conservation purpose and this methodology could be also applied in other species.

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Vacek, S., V. Podrázský, and K. Matějka. "Dynamics of the health status of forest stands and its prediction on research plots in the Šumava Mts." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 10 (January 9, 2012): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4527-jfs.

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The paper summarises the evaluation of the health status dynamics of allochthonous spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District and of natural stands in the Ple&scaron;ný Forest District. Analysis is based on dendroecological reactions of particular tree individuals in the stand texture. The tree damage was evaluated annually (in the period 1997–2005), based especially on defoliation. The most tolerant were the natural and semi-natural, especially mixed forest stands with dominant beech in the Ple&scaron;ný Forest District territory, the least tolerant were the allochthonous secondary spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District area. The damage dynamics was limited by the insect (bark beetle – Ips typographus) pest activity. Ozone damage appeared much more often in 2002, compared to the year 1999. The most damaged species were sycamore and rowan tree.

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Di Nicola, Matteo Riccardo, Francesco Paolo Faraone, and Thomas Zabbia. "An updated dichotomous key to the snakes of Europe." Basic and Applied Herpetology 36 (June 6, 2022): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11160/bah.238.

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This work presents an updated dichotomous key to all snake species of Europe, based on morphological, morphometric and distributional characters. It gathers data from both the last dichotomous keys concerning European snake species and every following paper giving updates on taxonomic classification or the occurrence of new allochthonous species. The key includes 58 snake taxa, including 57species and one still unnamed taxon, distributed on the European territory, and photographic material for each species. The aim of this paper is to make the identification of all European snake species through a single manuscript more accessible, not only for researchers, but also for citizen science, thus enhancing data collection and assist species conservation.

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Niketić, Marjan, Gordana Tomović, Bojana Bokić, Uroš Buzurović, Šemija Duraki, Vladan Đorđević, Sanja Đurović, et al. "Material on the annotated checklist of vascular flora of Serbia: Nomenclatural, taxonomic and floristic notes III." Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, no. 14 (2021): 77–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bnhmb2114077n.

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The paper proposes eight new nomenclatural combinations and indicates two new synonyms. There are 11 taxa (species and subspecies) of the vascular flora that are new for the flora of Serbia (of which nine are autochthonous and two allochthonous plants). Two autochthonous species were confirmed for the flora of Serbia. Six plant taxa are a novelty for proper Serbia, Vojvodina, or Kosovo and Metohija. There are eight taxa whose presence in Serbia or in its territorial units has been refuted.

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Binimelis-Salazar, Josefa, Angélica Casanova-Katny, Norbert Arnold, Celia A. Lima, Heraldo V. Norambuena, Gerardo González-Rocha, and Götz Palfner. "Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite Sepedonium (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2021): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112261.

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We present the first major survey of regional diversity, distribution and host-association of Sepedonium. Whereas the rather scarce worldwide records of this mycoparasitic fungus suggested no specific distribution pattern of most species before, we provide new evidence of endemic and specific host-parasite guilds of Sepedonium in Southern South America, including the description of a new species. The corresponding inventory was performed in temperate central Chile. The regional landscape, a mosaic of exotic timber plantations and remnants of native Nothofagus forests, facilitates a unique combination of endemic and adventitious Boletales hosts. During a two-year survey, 35 Sepedonium strains were isolated and cultured from infected basidiomata of allochthonous Chalciporus piperatus, Paxillus involutus, Rhizopogon spp. and Suillus spp., as well as from the native Boletus loyita, B. loyo, B. putidus and Gastroboletus valdivianus. Taxonomic diagnosis included morphology of conidia and conidiophores, sequences of ITS, RPB2 and EF1 molecular markers and characteristics of in vitro cultures. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Bayesian methods. Four Sepedonium species could be identified and characterized, viz.: S. ampullosporum, S. chrysospermum, S. laevigatum and the newly described species S. loyorum. The most frequent species on introduced Boletales was S. ampullosporum, followed by S. chrysospermum and S. laevigatum. S. loyorum sp. nov. was found exclusively on native boletacean hosts, separated from its closest relative S. chalcipori by micromorphological and molecular attributes. Species descriptions and identification keys are provided. Ecological and biogeographical aspects of endemic and allochthonous symbiotic units consisting of mycoparasite, ectomycorrhizal fungal host and respective mycorrhizal tree are discussed.

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Dobrovolný, Lumír, and Miroslav Cháb. "Ecology of beech regeneration in the allochthonous spruce stands – a case study." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 5 (2013): 1261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361051261.

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We study the successional process of beech in a allochthonous spruce monocultures. In the natural regeneration of the predominatly spruce stand (area: 14.28 ha, age: 110 years) with single mother beech trees admixture the spruce regeneration occupies the most part of the study area. However, about one quarter of area is occupied relatively regular by beech regeneration. The spruce density was at all times higher than that of beech while the spruce height grow was by contrast at all times lower than that of beech. Mean distance of beech seedlings dispersion is 12.7; at a distance greater than 40 m, the density already neared zero. Density of spruce increases with increasing light intensity, the density of beech decreases – the competition point was found about 19% of diffuse radiation or about 14% of canopy openness. The both species respond to increase of light intensity with increase of height grow (by beech only weekly) – the spruce starts to dominate the beech at about 32% of diffuse radiation or about 22% of canopy openness. The silvicultural goal in the next stand generation – converting of spruce forest into mixed forest, i.e. achievement of the legal proportion of beech as a soil-improving and reinforcing tree species (proportion about 30% and more) in the spruce stand can be reliably realized by natural way only using a combination of more intensive shelterwood or border felling with group selection system.

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Santos, Alexandre Clistenes Alcântara. "Feeding ecology of the Molé Trachelyopterus galeatus Linnaeus, 1766 (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae) in the lower course of the São José and Santo Antônio Rivers (Chapada Diamantina, Bahia)." SITIENTIBUS série Ciências Biológicas 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2005): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/scb8219.

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The São José and Santo Antônio Rivers are representative affluents of the Paraguaçu River, although they have demonstrated different physiographic conditions and differ in their degrees of anthropogenic disturbance. In this work, the feeding ecology of Trachelyopterus galeatus was described, as well as the possible effects of the alterations previously caused by former diamond mining on the São José bed and margins. Feeding was analyzed through the Frequency of Occurrence and by the Volumetric method combined in an Alimentary Index. The niche width was then calculated. The results indicate a lesser contribution of allochthonous items in the São José River. This may be due to the effects of deforestation along its margins, which would influence species that are dependent upon those resources. Among the parameters analyzed, the lesser proportion of allochthonous items in the diet of fish from the São José River was marked and can be considered an indirect result of previous mining activity in the area.

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Juan, Ana, Alejandro Terrones, and Joaquín Moreno. "Contribution to the allochthonous flora of the Vinalopó River (Alicante, Spain)." Anales de Biología, no. 41 (February 1, 2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.41.03.

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Se aportan datos sobre la presencia de 14 especies vasculares alóctonas encontradas en la cuenca del río Vinalopó, de la provincia de Alicante, durante los años 2017-2018. La mayor parte de estos taxones se han encontrado perfectamente naturalizados entre la vegetación de dicho río, donde representan una novedad corológica. Entre ellas, Salvia hispanica supone una primera mención para la flora de la Comunidad Valenciana, y junto con Amaranthus caudatus y Solanum sisymbriifolium, serían todas ellas nuevas menciones para la provincia de Alicante. We provide new records of 14 non-native vascular species found in the Vinalopó River Basin, from Alicante province, between 2017 and 2018. Most of these taxa have been located perfectly naturalised within the vegetation of the mentioned river, of where they represented a chorological novelty. Among them, Salvia hispanica is the first record for the flora of the Valencian Community, and together with Amaranthus caudatus and Solanum sisymbriifolium, they all are new chorological mentions for the province of Alicante.

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Bertaco, Vinicius de Araújo, and Marco Aurélio Azevedo. "Non-native freshwater fish from drainages of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 63 (January 23, 2023): e202363003. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2023.63.003.

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The present study catalogues exotic and allochthonous fish species found in the three main freshwater river drainages of Rio Grande do Sul State using records of scientific collections and literature, and discusses the main impacts caused by their introduction in natural environments. Ten exotic species are found in the area, i.e., Clarias gariepinus, Coptodon rendalli, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Ictalurus punctatus, Micropterus salmoides, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oreochromis niloticus, belonging to five orders, nine genera and seven families. These fishes are native from African, Asian, European and North American countries. The eight allochthonous species, i.e., Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, Hoplias lacerdae, Megaleporinus macrocephalus, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Pachyurus bonariensis, Serrasalmus maculatus, and Trachelyopterus lucenai, belong to three orders, eight genera, and six families, are native from the Río La Plata basin, that includes the Río Uruguay, and have been all registered in the Laguna dos Patos. Two of these species are further recorded in the Rio Tramandaí system (A. pantaneiro and T. lucenai). The study also presentes a brief history of the first records of exotic species in the state and in the country, and their main vectors of introduction. According to the records of exotic species in scientific collections, the two exotic species with the highest number of records in the country are tilapias Coptodon rendalii (508 records) and Oreochromis niloticus (376 records), and most records occurred in the last two decades. The two carps Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella are the only exotic species recorded in the three main drainage basins of the state. In addition, we warn about the importance of studies about the biology and negative impacts of exotic species over native species on the understanding of management in wild environments.

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48

Gomiero, Leandro Muller, and Francisco Manoel de Souza Braga. "Feeding habits of the ichthyofauna in a protected area in the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil." Biota Neotropica 8, no. 1 (March 2008): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032008000100004.

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The trophic relationships of a fish community were studied in two basins subjected to a strong human pressure in the interior of the State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 211 stomachs of 14 species were analyzed. Diets varied greatly, with the occurrence of piscivory, benthophagy, insectivory, herbivory, and illiophagy. Food items were described for each species and a great amount of insects was registered. Allochthonous and autochthonous food items showed different importance degrees according to the species analyzed. Stomach fullness was high in spring and summer in both basins; these areas were used as reproduction and foraging sites for the studied species.

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49

Bobinac, Martin, and Marko Perovic. "Pecan (Carya illinoinensis/Wangenh./K. Koch): A new species of the Allochthonous dendroflora in Serbia." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 109 (2014): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1409033b.

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This paper presents the alien species Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, carya-pecan, (Juglandaceae A. Richard ex Kunth) that has not been mentioned so far in the dendroflora of Serbia. One tree was recorded within the first Serbian sugar factory in Cukarica that is now a protected cultural property in the City of Belgrade. The tree is about 35 years old and about 20 m high. The length of the trunk without branches is 6.0 m and the diameter at breast height is 57 cm. Carya-pecan is a native species of the southeastern part of North America, and is grown in Europe for edible fruits and quality wood. The recorded tree in Belgrade is fruitful and characterized by good vitality and rapid growth. Due to its special characteristics, it can have multiple practical application in the territory of Serbia for decoration in urban areas, for forest plantations and in orchards.

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50

Zworykin, D. D., and A. N. Pashkov. "Eight-striped cichlasoma—an allochthonous species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Staraya Kuban Lake." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075111710010017.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Allochthonous specie'

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