Journal articles: 'Allocation schemes'

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SLIKKER, MARCO. "LINK MONOTONIC ALLOCATION SCHEMES." International Game Theory Review 07, no. 04 (December 2005): 473–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021919890500065x.

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A network is a graph where the nodes represent players and the links represent bilateral interaction between the players. A reward game assigns a value to every network on a fixed set of players. An allocation scheme specifies how to distribute the worth of every network among the players. This allocation scheme is link monotonic if extending the network does not decrease the payoff of any player. We characterize the class of reward games that have a link monotonic allocation scheme. Two allocation schemes for reward games are studied, the Myerson allocation scheme and the position allocation scheme, which are both based on allocation rules for communication situations. We introduce two notions of convexity in the setting of reward games and with these notions of convexity we characterize the classes of reward games where the Myerson allocation scheme and the position allocation scheme are link monotonic. As a by-product we find a characterization of the Myerson value and the position value on the class of reward games using potentials.

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Sossou, Comlan Hervé, Freddy Noma, and Jacob A. Yabi. "Rural Credit and Farms Efficiency: Modelling Farmers Credit Allocation Decisions, Evidences from Benin." Economics Research International 2014 (August 28, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/309352.

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This paper analyses farmers’ credit allocation behaviors and their effects on technical efficiency. Data were collected from 476 farmers using the multistage sampling procedure. The stochastic frontier truncated-normal with conditional mean model is used to assess allocation schemes effects on technical efficiency. Tobit model reveals the impact of farmers’ sociodemographic characteristics on efficiency scores. Results reveal that farm revenue (about 2,262,566 Fcfa on average) is positively correlated with land acreage, quantity of labour, and costs of fertilizers and insecticides. Farmers’ behaviors respond to six schemes which are categorized in two allocations contexts: out-farm and in-farm allocations. The model shows that only scheme (e) positively impacts technical efficiency. This scheme refers to the decision to invest credit to purchase better quality of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and so forth. The positive effect of the scheme (c) may be significant under conditions of farmers’ education level improvement. Then, scheme (e) is a better investment for all farmers, but effect of credit allocation to buy agricultural materials is positive only for educated farmers. Efficiency scores are reduced by household size and gender of the household head. Therefore a household with more than 10 members and a woman as head is likely to not be technically efficient.

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Huang, Jin, Van Butsic, Weijun He, Dagmawi Degefu, Zaiyi Liao, and Min An. "Historical Accountability for Equitable, Efficient, and Sustainable Allocation of the Right to Emit Wastewater in China." Entropy 20, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120950.

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Establishing policies for controlling water pollution through discharge permits creates the basis for emission permit trading. Allocating wastewater discharge permits is a prerequisite to initiating the market. Past research has focused on designing schemes to allocate discharge permits efficiently, but these schemes have ignored differences among regions in terms of emission history. This is unfortunate, as fairness may dictate that areas that have been allowed to pollute in the past will receive fewer permits in the future. Furthermore, the spatial scales of previously proposed schemes are not practical. In this article, we proposed an information entropy improved proportional allocation method, which considers differences in GDP, population, water resources, and emission history at province spatial resolution as a new way to allocate waste water emission permits. The allocation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) among 30 provinces in China is used to illustrate the proposed discharge permit distribution mechanism. In addition, we compared the pollution distribution permits obtained from the proposed allocation scheme with allocation techniques that do not consider historical pollution and with the already established country plan. Our results showed that taking into account emission history as a factor when allocating wastewater discharge permits results in a fair distribution of economic benefits.

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Fiaschi, Daniele, Giampaolo Manfrida, Barbara Mendecka, Lorenzo Tosti, and Maria Laura Parisi. "A Comparison of Different Approaches for Assessing Energy Outputs of Combined Heat and Power Geothermal Plants." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 4527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084527.

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In this paper, we assess using two alternative allocation schemes, namely exergy and primary energy saving (PES) to compare products generated in different combined heat and power (CHP) geothermal systems. In particular, the adequacy and feasibility of the schemes recommended for allocation are demonstrated by their application to three relevant and significantly different case studies of geothermal CHPs, i.e., (1) Chiusdino in Italy, (2) Altheim in Austria, and (3) Hellisheidi in Iceland. The results showed that, given the generally low temperature level of the cogenerated heat (80–100 °C, usually exploited in district heating), the use of exergy allocation largely marginalizes the importance of the heat byproduct, thus, becoming almost equivalent to electricity for the Chiusdino and Hellisheidi power plants. Therefore, the PES scheme is found to be the more appropriate allocation scheme. Additionally, the exergy scheme is mandatory for allocating power plants’ environmental impacts at a component level in CHP systems. The main drawback of the PES scheme is its country dependency due to the different fuels used, but reasonable and representative values can be achieved based on average EU heat and power generation efficiencies.

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Qureshi, Muhammad Shuaib, Muhammad Bilal Qureshi, Muhammad Fayaz, Wali Khan Mashwani, Samir Brahim Belhaouari, Saima Hassan, and Asadullah Shah. "A comparative analysis of resource allocation schemes for real-time services in high-performance computing systems." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 8 (August 2020): 155014772093275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720932750.

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An efficient resource allocation scheme plays a vital role in scheduling applications on high-performance computing resources in order to achieve desired level of service. The major part of the existing literature on resource allocation is covered by the real-time services having timing constraints as primary parameter. Resource allocation schemes for the real-time services have been designed with various architectures (static, dynamic, centralized, or distributed) and quality of service criteria (cost efficiency, completion time minimization, energy efficiency, and memory optimization). In this analysis, numerous resource allocation schemes for real-time services in various high-performance computing (distributed and non-distributed) domains have been studied and compared on the basis of common parameters such as application type, operational environment, optimization goal, architecture, system size, resource type, optimality, simulation tool, comparison technique, and input data. The basic aim of this study is to provide a consolidated platform to the researchers working on scheduling and allocating high-performance computing resources to the real-time services. This work comprehensively discusses, integrates, analysis, and categorizes all resource allocation schemes for real-time services into five high-performance computing classes: grid, cloud, edge, fog, and multicore computing systems. The workflow representations of the studied schemes help the readers in understanding basic working and architectures of these mechanisms in order to investigate further research gaps.

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Schmidt, David, Changxin Shi, Randall Berry, Michael Honig, and Wolfgang Utschick. "Distributed resource allocation schemes." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 26, no. 5 (September 2009): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msrp.2009.933371.

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Fishburn, P. C. "Fair cost allocation schemes." Social Choice and Welfare 7, no. 1 (March 1990): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01832921.

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Mu, Rongjun, Xin Zhang, Peng Wu, and Jiaye Chen. "RCS and Aero Surfaces Control Allocation Research on RLV’s Re-Entry Phase." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 18, 2019): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081617.

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Based on the characteristics of aero surfaces and reaction control system (RCS), a control allocation scheme is needed to specify aero surface deflections and RCS thruster’s firing commands, during the re-entry phase of reusable launch vehicle (RLV). To analyze the control performance differences introduced by different allocation algorithms, this paper presents a proportional allocation scheme based on dynamic pressure, a daisy-chaining allocation scheme based on the control error, and a multi-object-based optimal allocation scheme, to deal with the allocation problem of RCS and aero surfaces. The first allocation scheme is the simplest, and the second one is more complicated, when considering the actuators’ physical constraints in the allocation problem. The third scheme not only takes the physical constraints into account, but also the rate constraints, and other constraints of RCS and aero surfaces, while for the objective optimization function, not like the single-object function of the other two schemes, it combines the allocation error minimization, fuel consumption minimization, and other functions, with the adaptive weight values. After the stability analysis, the feasibility of the aforementioned allocation schemes are verified by the simulation, and the contrastive analysis of their control performances are followed.

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Song, Xin, MingLei Zhang, WenMIn Liu, and ShengBao Wang. "Threshold-based hybrid relay selection and power allocation scheme." Journal of Communications Technology, Electronics and Computer Science 8 (November 7, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22385/jctecs.v8i0.126.

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Abstract—To minimize total transmit power in a system while guaranteeing the outage probability at the same time in a cooperative system, we propose and analyse two threshold-based hybrid relay selection and power allocation schemes for a three-node cooperative relaying system. They are designated as: the hybrid amplify-direct-forward relaying (HADF) and incremental hybrid decode-direct-forward relaying (IHDDF) schemes. In the HADF scheme, a specific outage probability threshold is derived to determine that the system chooses to optimize power allocation of its source and relay in amplify-and-forward (AF) mode or optimize the power of its source in direct-transmit (DT) mode without a relay. In IHDDF, according to the outage probability threshold, the system chooses to optimize its power in turn with incremental decode-and-forward opportunistic relaying (IDFO) mode or DT mode. Closed-form expressions of the total transmit power of the proposed HADF and IHDDF schemes are derived. The proposed schemes have low computational complexity and system cost. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the HADF scheme outperforms the AF and DT schemes, and the total transmission power of the IHDDF scheme is reduced significantly compared with the IDFO and DT schemes. Compared with the HADF scheme, the IHDDF scheme has a better total transmit power in special channel condition.Keywords—power allocation, three-node cooperative relaying system, amplify-and-forward, incremental decode-and-forward opportunistic relaying.

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Zhao, Jianming, Mo Li, Ping Guo, Chenglong Zhang, and Qian Tan. "Agricultural Water Productivity Oriented Water Resources Allocation Based on the Coordination of Multiple Factors." Water 9, no. 7 (July 5, 2017): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9070490.

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Agricultural water productivity (AWP), which is associated with multiple factors, is an important index for measuring the effectiveness of agricultural water management. The purpose of this study is to promote AWP through optimally allocating limited agricultural water resources with the coordination of related elements. Firstly, the coordination effects of multiple factors related to AWP are quantified as relative optimum membership degrees based on the fuzzy optimum selecting theory. Secondly, based on the relative optimum membership degrees for various crops, a linear fractional programming model is established to maximize AWP in agricultural water resources allocation. Thirdly, the impacts of the allocation schemes on the development of social-economy and ecological environment are discussed using the multi-dimensional regulation theory. The developed integrated system has advantages in increasing agricultural water productivity through the coordination of multiple factors with aspects of economy, society and resources. Moreover, the system is capable of screening schemes considering harmonious development of resources, economy, society and ecology based on optimization results, providing decision makers with more sustainable schemes for irrigation water allocation. The integrated system including the aforementioned three parts is applied to a real-world case study in China to demonstrate its feasibility and applicability. Different water allocation schemes for various crops under different scenarios were obtained. The average value of AWP is 1.85 kg/m3, which is 0.31 kg/m3 higher than the current value of AWP. An optimum scheme with 1.1405 × 108 m3 of water being allocated was also selected due to its highest level of coordination for resources, economy, society and ecology. The developed system can provide an effective method for AWP promotion. The obtained results can help local decision makers adjust water resources allocation schemes.

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Abou El Ela, A. A., and R. A. El-Sehiemy. "Transmission usage cost allocation schemes." Electric Power Systems Research 79, no. 6 (June 2009): 926–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2008.12.005.

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Izquierdo, Josep Maria. "Regular population monotonic allocation schemes." TOP 14, no. 2 (December 2006): 375–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02837569.

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Schmeidler, David, and Yair Tauman. "Incentive-Compatible Cost-Allocation Schemes." Journal of Economic Theory 63, no. 2 (August 1994): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1994.1039.

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JOSHI, BANSIDHAR, and MANISH K. THAKUR. "Stable Matching based Virtual Channels Allocation Scheme in Network-on-Chip." Journal of Interconnection Networks 20, no. 02 (June 2020): 2050008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265920500085.

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While designing router micro-architecture of an On-Chip network, a good allocation of virtual channels (VCs) governs an effective resources utilization which essentially results in an optimized number of packets received at destination(s). Generally, the VC allocation schemes deal with the one-way approach of VC allocation to the contending flits. However, this approach produces non-optimal matching of flits to the available VCs on next routers, and therefore leads to the under-utilization of these VCs. This paper proposes a 2-Way VC Allocation scheme to map input VCs (requestors) to output VCs (resources). The proposed scheme is compared with the conventional VC allocation scheme under two different mesh configurations with a 100% channel load. Simulations performed under two different routing schemes in diverse traffic scenarios demonstrate an increase in the number of packets received at destinations by up to 76%. Also, the network’s latency exhibits trade-off with total power consumption while reducing hotspots.

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Liu, Gang, Fan Hu, Yixin Wang, and Huimin Wang. "Assessment of Lexicographic Minimax Allocations of Blue and Green Water Footprints in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on Land, Population, and Economy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040643.

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To assess different impacts of land, population and economy factors on the lexicographic minimax optimal allocation of blue and green water footprints, a comprehensive discriminant rule is constructed in this paper based on the Gini coefficient and Theil entropy index. The proposed rule is employed to estimate the influence of the aforesaid factors (land, population and economy) on the corresponding allocation schemes from a fairness perspective. To demonstrate its applicability, the proposed approach is applied to a water resources allocation study for 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The results indicate that: (1) the economy-based lexicographic allocation of water footprints (LAWF) is more equalitarian for the provinces with high water footprint quotas. The land area-based LAWF is more equalitarian for the provinces with low water footprint quotas. The population-based LAWF is more equalitarian for the provinces with medium water footprint quotas. (2) The contribution of intra-regional variation in the population-based LAWF scheme is the largest of the three schemes. The inter-regional variation contributed the largest in the land area-based LAWF scheme. (3) Two synthetic schemes which integrate multiple factors among land area, economy and population are more equalitarian than the three single-factor schemes. Compared with the original situation which is an equalitarian but ineffective allocation, the two synthetic schemes have greater effect on the improvement of the supply-demand balance of water resources carrying capacity. Therefore, the defect of the population, economy and land area factors acting alone should be resolved by designing a weighting system, in order to optimize the allocation of water resources.

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Song, Xin, Xiuwei Han, Yue Ni, Li Dong, and Lei Qin. "Joint Uplink and Downlink Resource Allocation for D2D Communications System." Future Internet 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11010012.

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In cellular networks, device-to-device communications can increase the spectrum efficiency, but some conventional schemes only consider uplink or downlink resource allocation. In this paper, we propose the joint uplink and downlink resource allocation scheme which maximizes the system capacity and guarantees the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio of both cellular users and device-to-device pairs. The optimization problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear problem that is usually NP hard. To achieve the reasonable resource allocation, the optimization problem is divided into two sub-problems including power allocation and channel assignment. It is proved that the objective function of power control is a convex function, in which the optimal transmission power can be obtained. The Hungarian algorithm is developed to achieve joint uplink and downlink channel assignment. The proposed scheme can improve the system capacity performance and increase the spectrum efficiency. Numerical results reveal that the performance of the proposed scheme of jointly uplink and downlink is better than that of the schemes for independent allocation.

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Róka, Rastislav, Radek Fujdiak, Eva Holasova, Karel Kuchar, Milos Orgon, and Jiri Misurec. "Protection Schemes in HPON Networks Based on the PWFBA Algorithm." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 9885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249885.

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In this paper, possibilities for network traffic protection in future hybrid passive optical networks are presented, and reasons for realizing and utilizing advanced network traffic protection schemes for various network traffic classes in these networks are analyzed. Next, principles of the Prediction-based Fair Wavelength and Bandwidth Allocation (PFWBA) algorithm are introduced in detail, focusing on the Prediction-based Fair Excessive Bandwidth Reallocation (PFEBR) algorithm with the Early Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (E-DBA) mechanism and subsequent Dynamic Wavelength Allocation (DWA) scheme. For analyzing various wavelength allocation possibilities in Hybrid Passive Optical Networks (HPON) networks, a simulation program with the enhancement of the PFWBA algorithm is realized. Finally, a comparison of different methods of the wavelength allocation in conjunction with specific network traffic classes is executed for future HPON networks with considered protection schemes. Subsequently, three methods are presented from the viewpoint of HPON network traffic protection possibilities, including a new approach for the wavelength allocation based on network traffic protection assumptions.

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Wu, Qunli, and Hongjie Zhang. "Research on Optimization Allocation Scheme of Initial Carbon Emission Quota from the Perspective of Welfare Effect." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112118.

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The initial allocation of carbon emission quotas should be of primary concern when establishing China’s unified carbon emission trading market. Essentially, the issue of national carbon quota allocation is an allocation among China’s provinces. The novel bi-level allocation scheme that is based on weighted voting model is put forward, which divides allocation process into two levels, given that there are great regional differences in China. At the first level, k-means clustering is employed to cluster 29 provinces into four categories that are based on emission abatement responsibility, potential, capacity, pressure, and motivation. Subsequently, the national carbon quotas are allocated to the four classes. At the second level, carbon quotas of a class are allocated to each region in this class. The weighted voting models are constructed for the two levels, where each region selects their preferable scheme from three fundamental allocation schemes that are based on their voting rights. The comprehensive index method quantifies each region’s voting rights, which utilizes the information entropy method at the first level and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) at the second level. The carbon trading market is simulated and welfare effects obtained from carbon trading market under different allocation schemes are measured to verify the rationality of the proposed model. The results indicate: (1) the emission abatement burdens are borne by all provinces in China, but the burden shares are different, which are related to their respective carbon emission characteristics. (2) The differences in carbon intensity among regions in 2030 have narrowed on the basis of the results of 2005, which means that the proposed scheme can balance corresponding differences. (3) When compared with three fundamental allocation schemes, the bi-level allocation scheme can obtain the most welfare effects, while the differences in the welfare effect among regions under this scheme are the smallest, which indicates that the proposed model is feasible for policy-maker.

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Peng, Chunling, Guozhong Wang, Fangwei Li, and Huaping Liu. "Joint Resource Allocation for SWIPT-Based Two-Way Relay Networks." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 6024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226024.

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This paper considers simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a decode-and-forward two-way relay (DF-TWR) network, where a power splitting protocol is employed at the relay for energy harvesting. The goal is to jointly optimize power allocation (PA) at the source nodes, power splitting (PS) at the relay node, and time allocation (TA) of each duration to minimize the system outage probability. In particular, we propose a static joint resource allocation (JRA) scheme and a dynamic JRA scheme with statistical channel properties and instantaneous channel characteristics, respectively. With the derived closed-form expression of the outage probability, a successive alternating optimization algorithm is proposed to tackle the static JRA problem. For the dynamic JRA scheme, a suboptimal closed-form solution is derived based on a multistep optimization and relaxation method. We present a comprehensive set of simulation results to evaluate the proposed schemes and compare their performances with those of existing resource allocation schemes.

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Hope, R. A., J. W. Gowing, and G. P. W. Jewitt. "The contested future of irrigation in African rural livelihoods – analysis from a water scarce catchment in South Africa." Water Policy 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.061.

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Agricultural improvement is seen as essential for economic growth, poverty reduction and food security in Africa. However, with new and priority demands for water agricultural allocations have come under closer scrutiny, particularly under water scarcity. In post-apartheid South Africa equitable water allocation has become an emblematic policy goal consistent with the imperative to create a fairer society. Catchment managers are now responsible for water allocation decisions across multiple and competing social, economic, environmental and political priorities. This analysis explores these challenges based on a study in the Luvuvhu catchment, Limpopo Province, which comprised (i) socio-economic evaluation of people's livelihoods across 10 communities, (ii) hydrological modelling studies, and (iii) a detailed performance evaluation for one typical smallholder irrigation scheme. Findings from this study indicate that water allocation for smallholder irrigation provides expected income and food benefits for those with secure irrigation access. However, while increasing water allocation for smallholder irrigation may be argued to redress current inequitable distribution within the national irrigated agricultural sector, there is no convincing evidence to support allocating more water to smallholder irrigation schemes when viewed within the wider development challenges in the Luvuvhu catchment. It is argued that catchment managers should rather consider the hydrological and social benefits associated with improvements in dryland farming for increasing food security under water scarcity.

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Yu, Qianwen, Zehao Sun, Junyuan Shen, Xia Xu, and Xiangnan Chen. "Interactive Allocation of Water Pollutant Initial Emission Rights in a Basin under Total Amount Control: A Leader-Follower Hierarchical Decision Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021511.

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The initial emission rights allocation is the key measure to achieve the goal of total amount control and deepen the emission trading system. Although many studies have focused on the modeling of initial emission rights allocation, such as using game theory and multi-objective optimization methods, few studies have observed the hierarchical relationship of mutual interference and restriction between watershed management agency and local governments in each subarea during allocation. This relationship directly affects the rationality of the results of regional emission rights allocation. In this study, a leader-follower hierarchical decision model (LFHDM) for allocating initial emission rights in a basin is developed. Based on the bilevel programming approach, the model simulates the interactive decision-making process between the watershed management agency of the upper-level model (LFHDM-U) and the local government of the lower-level model (LFHDM-L) in the allocation under total amount control. A case study of China’s Yellow River Basin is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the model. Findings reveal that, compared with the single-level model, the developed LFHDM has higher satisfaction with the allocation scheme. Under different scenarios, the overall satisfaction of the configuration schemes of COD and NH3-N in each province and autonomous region remains above 0.9. In addition, the allocation volumes of COD and NH3-N in each province of the Yellow River Basin in planning year increase with the enhancement of allowable assimilative capacity of water bodies, but the interval gap of satisfaction with allocation schemes gradually narrows. It shows that when the allowable assimilation capacity of a water body is low, the decision-making of the allocation scheme needs to be more cautious. Moreover, for the Yellow River Basin, apart from Qinghai and Sichuan, the task of reducing water pollutants in other provinces in the next few years is very arduous. The average reduction of total COD and NH3-N in the basin is about 48% and 46%, respectively.

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Fricker, Christine, Fabrice Guillemin, Philippe Robert, and Guilherme Thompson. "Allocation schemes of resources with downgrading." Advances in Applied Probability 49, no. 2 (June 2017): 629–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2017.15.

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Abstract We consider a server with large capacity delivering video files encoded in various resolutions. We assume that the system is under saturation in the sense that the total demand exceeds the server capacity C. In such a case, requests may be rejected. For the policies considered in this paper, instead of rejecting a video request, it is downgraded. When the occupancy of the server is above some value C0 < C, the server delivers the video at a minimal bit rate. The quantity C0 is the bit rate adaptation threshold. For these policies, request blocking is thus replaced with bit rate adaptation. Under the assumptions of Poisson request arrivals and exponential service times, we show that, by rescaling the system, a process associated with the occupancy of the server converges to some limiting process whose invariant distribution is computed explicitly. This allows us to derive an asymptotic expression of the key performance measure of such a policy, namely the equilibrium probability that a request is transmitted at requested bitrate. Numerical applications of these results are presented.

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Voorneveld, Mark, Stef Tijs, and Sofia Grahn. "Monotonic allocation schemes in clan games." Mathematical Methods of Operations Research (ZOR) 56, no. 3 (January 1, 2003): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001860200240.

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Larrea, Concepción, and J. C. Santos. "Cost allocation schemes: An asymptotic approach." Games and Economic Behavior 57, no. 1 (October 2006): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2005.09.002.

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Fishburn, P. C., and H. O. Pollak. "Proportional allocation schemes for tour costs." European Journal of Operational Research 31, no. 1 (July 1987): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(87)90132-9.

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Butt, Adam. "Effects of scheme default insurance on decisions and financial outcomes in defined benefit pension schemes." Annals of Actuarial Science 7, no. 2 (March 28, 2013): 288–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1748499513000031.

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AbstractA simulation investigation of the effect of default insurance on the optimal equity allocation and deficit spread period of a model defined benefit pension scheme is performed, using the old and new frameworks of the Pension Protection Fund in the U.K. as a starting point. The old default insurance levy framework encourages an increase in the allocation to equities, creating an indirect effect of increased deficits. The new framework reverses the effect to a reduction in the allocation to equities, thus reducing deficits. In addition the gaming element of default insurance is investigated and found to significantly increase optimal equity allocation and deficit spread period, leading to a significant increase in deficits.

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Hsu, Ivy, and Jean Walrand. "Dynamic bandwidth allocation for ATM switches." Journal of Applied Probability 33, no. 3 (September 1996): 758–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3215357.

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We explore a dynamic approach to the problems of call admission and resource allocation for communication networks with connections that are differentiated by their quality of service requirements. In a dynamic approach, the amount of spare resources is estimated on-line based on feedbacks from the network's quality of service monitoring mechanism. The schemes we propose remove the dependence on accurate traffic models and thus simplify the tasks of supplying traffic statistics required of network users. In this paper we present two dynamic algorithms. The objective of these algorithms is to find the minimum bandwidth necessary to satisfy a cell loss probability constraint at an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch. We show that in both schemes the bandwidth chosen by the algorithm approaches the optimal value almost surely. Furthermore, in the second scheme, which determines the point closest to the optimal bandwidth from a finite number of choices, the expected learning time is finite.

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Hsu, Ivy, and Jean Walrand. "Dynamic bandwidth allocation for ATM switches." Journal of Applied Probability 33, no. 03 (September 1996): 758–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200100191.

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We explore a dynamic approach to the problems of call admission and resource allocation for communication networks with connections that are differentiated by their quality of service requirements. In a dynamic approach, the amount of spare resources is estimated on-line based on feedbacks from the network's quality of service monitoring mechanism. The schemes we propose remove the dependence on accurate traffic models and thus simplify the tasks of supplying traffic statistics required of network users. In this paper we present two dynamic algorithms. The objective of these algorithms is to find the minimum bandwidth necessary to satisfy a cell loss probability constraint at an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch. We show that in both schemes the bandwidth chosen by the algorithm approaches the optimal value almost surely. Furthermore, in the second scheme, which determines the point closest to the optimal bandwidth from a finite number of choices, the expected learning time is finite.

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Choi, Sin-Man, Ximin Huang, Wai-Ki Ching, and Min Huang. "Incentive Effects of Multiple-Server Queueing Networks: The Principal-Agent Perspective." East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics 1, no. 4 (November 2011): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/eajam.231010.260711a.

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AbstractA two-server service network has been studied from the principal-agent perspective. In the model, services are rendered by two independent facilities coordinated by an agency, which seeks to devise a strategy to suitably allocate customers to the facilities and to simultaneously determine compensation levels. Two possible allocation schemes were compared — viz. the common queue and separate queue schemes. The separate queue allocation scheme was shown to give more competition incentives to the independent facilities and to also induce higher service capacity. In this paper, we investigate the general case of a multiple-server queueing model, and again find that the separate queue allocation scheme creates more competition incentives for servers and induces higher service capacities. In particular, if there are no severe diseconomies associated with increasing service capacity, it gives a lower expected sojourn time in equilibrium when the compensation level is sufficiently high.

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Nel, Johannes B., Paul T. Mativenga, and Annlizé L. Marnewick. "A Framework to Support the Selection of an Appropriate Water Allocation Planning and Decision Support Scheme." Water 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121854.

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Water is becoming a scarce resource in many parts of the world, leading to increased competition amongst water users. Optimized water allocation is increasingly important to balance the growing demand for water and the limited supply of accessible clean water. The literature on water allocation schemes and decision support systems, developed for application in specific water management areas or watersheds, was critically reviewed. Although the literature is rich in studies on the application of a broad range of water allocation schemes, there is a lack of information available on the methodology and process of selecting the most applicable scheme that balances the local realities and requirements of stakeholders while considering the local context with regard to the economic, social and environmental impact of water usage. In this article, a framework is presented that water management practitioners can use to select applicable water allocation planning schemes and associated decision support systems based on the characteristics and requirements of the specific water management situation. The framework was used to analyse the water supply situation in South Africa (SA), taking broader factors into account. Based on this, a generic conceptualized water allocation planning and decision support framework for a typical SA water management area is proposed.

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Miura, Fuminari, Ka Yin Leung, Don Klinkenberg, Kylie E. C. Ainslie, and Jacco Wallinga. "Optimal vaccine allocation for COVID-19 in the Netherlands: A data-driven prioritization." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): e1009697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009697.

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For the control of COVID-19, vaccination programmes provide a long-term solution. The amount of available vaccines is often limited, and thus it is crucial to determine the allocation strategy. While mathematical modelling approaches have been used to find an optimal distribution of vaccines, there is an excessively large number of possible allocation schemes to be simulated. Here, we propose an algorithm to find a near-optimal allocation scheme given an intervention objective such as minimization of new infections, hospitalizations, or deaths, where multiple vaccines are available. The proposed principle for allocating vaccines is to target subgroups with the largest reduction in the outcome of interest. We use an approximation method to reconstruct the age-specific transmission intensity (the next generation matrix), and express the expected impact of vaccinating each subgroup in terms of the observed incidence of infection and force of infection. The proposed approach is firstly evaluated with a simulated epidemic and then applied to the epidemiological data on COVID-19 in the Netherlands. Our results reveal how the optimal allocation depends on the objective of infection control. In the case of COVID-19, if we wish to minimize deaths, the optimal allocation strategy is not efficient for minimizing other outcomes, such as infections. In simulated epidemics, an allocation strategy optimized for an outcome outperforms other strategies such as the allocation from young to old, from old to young, and at random. Our simulations clarify that the current policy in the Netherlands (i.e., allocation from old to young) was concordant with the allocation scheme that minimizes deaths. The proposed method provides an optimal allocation scheme, given routine surveillance data that reflect ongoing transmissions. This approach to allocation is useful for providing plausible simulation scenarios for complex models, which give a more robust basis to determine intervention strategies.

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Farhad, Arshad, Dae-Ho Kim, and Jae-Young Pyun. "Resource Allocation to Massive Internet of Things in LoRaWANs." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092645.

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A long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) adapts the ALOHA network concept for channel access, resulting in packet collisions caused by intra- and inter-spreading factor (SF) interference. This leads to a high packet loss ratio. In LoRaWAN, each end device (ED) increments the SF after every two consecutive failed retransmissions, thus forcing the EDs to use a high SF. When numerous EDs switch to the highest SF, the network loses its advantage of orthogonality. Thus, the collision probability of the ED packets increases drastically. In this study, we propose two SF allocation schemes to enhance the packet success ratio by lowering the impact of interference. The first scheme, called the channel-adaptive SF recovery algorithm, increments or decrements the SF based on the retransmission of the ED packets, indicating the channel status in the network. The second approach allocates SF to EDs based on ED sensitivity during the initial deployment. These schemes are validated through extensive simulations by considering the channel interference in both confirmed and unconfirmed modes of LoRaWAN. Through simulation results, we show that the SFs have been adaptively applied to each ED, and the proposed schemes enhance the packet success delivery ratio as compared to the typical SF allocation schemes.

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Xie, Jun, and Min Hua Wu. "Resource Allocation for Parallel Task in Grids." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.866.

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Task running in Grids may require multiple types of resources simultaneously. Proposing and designing a resource discovery scheme based on Economic Agent. Base on the economic model and the technique in agent of grouping nodes sharing similar files to improve efficiency, this thesis suggests a resource discovery scheme based on economic agent, which is called EAGRD. Theoretical models on resource discovery are provided, under which EAGRD is compared with existing schemes theoretically. By controlling propagation of message into related communities, EAGRD improves time and network efficiency at the cost of topological maintenance overhead.

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Fodor, Gábor. "Performance Comparison of Practical Resource Allocation Schemes for Device-to-Device Communications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3623075.

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Device-to-device (D2D) communications in cellular spectrum have the potential of increasing the spectral and energy efficiency by taking advantage of the proximity and reuse gains. Although several resource allocation (RA) and power control (PC) schemes have been proposed in the literature, a comparison of the performance of such algorithms as a function of the available channel state information has not been reported. In this paper, we examine which large scale channel gain knowledge is needed by practically viable RA and PC schemes for network assisted D2D communications. To this end, we propose a novel near-optimal and low-complexity RA scheme that can be advantageously used in tandem with the optimal binary power control scheme and compare its performance with three heuristics-based RA schemes that are combined either with the well-known 3GPP Long-Term Evolution open-loop path loss compensating PC or with an iterative utility optimal PC scheme. When channel gain knowledge about the useful as well as interfering (cross) channels is available at the cellular base station, the near-optimal RA scheme, termed Matching, combined with the binary PC scheme is superior. Ultimately, we find that the proposed low-complexity RA + PC tandem that uses some cross-channel gain knowledge provides superior performance.

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Sunday Oladayo Oladejo, Stephen Obono Ekwe, and Lateef Adesola Akinyemi. "Multi-tier multi-tenant network slicing: A multi-domain games approach." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 2, no. 6 (September 23, 2021): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/dxzq6155.

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The 5G slice networks will play a critical role in meeting the stringent quality-of-service requirements of different use cases, reducing the Capital Expenditure (CapEX) and Operational Expenditure (OpEX) of mobile network operators. Owing to the flexibility and ability of 5G slice networks to meet the needs of different verticals, it attracts new network players and entities to the mobile network ecosystem, and therefore it creates new business models and structures. Motivated by this development, this paper addresses the dynamic resource allocation in a multi-slice multi-tier multi-domain network with different network players. The dynamic resource allocation problem is formulated as a maximum utility optimisation problem from a multiplayer multi-domain perspective. Furthermore, a 3-level hierarchical business model comprising Infrastructure Providers (InPs), Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs), Service Providers (SPs), and slice users are investigated. We propose two schemes: a multi-tier multi-domain slice user matching game scheme and a distributed backtracking multiplayer multi-domain game scheme in solving the transformed maximum utility optimisation problem. We compare the multi-tier multi-tenant multi-domain game scheme with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) Intelligent Latency-Aware Resource (GI-LARE) allocation scheme, and a static slicing resource allocation scheme via Monte Carlo simulation. Our findings reveal that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms these other schemes.

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Dang, Cuong, Leonardo J. Rodr´ıguez, Nghi H. Tran, Forrest Sheng Bao, and Shivakumar Sastry. "Secrecy Rate and Optimal Power Allocation of the Amplify-and-Forward Relay Wire-Tap System." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2016.19.

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In this research work, we investigate the secrecy rate and optimal power allocation schemes for a half-duplex (HD) wire-tap Rayleigh fading channel in which a source wishes to communicate securely to a destination in the presence of an eavesdropper and under the aid of an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. The secrecy capacity and the corresponding optimal power allocation schemes are examined under both individual and joint power constraints. Due to the absence of an insightful expression of the secrecy rate for a given power allocation scheme, determining such secrecy capacity is challenging. To overcome this issue, we first propose a novel method to calculate the expectation of an exponentially distributed random variable using the exponential integral function. By exploiting this calculation, we then establish the average secrecy rate of the considered AF relay channel in closed-form. By examining the quasi-concavity of the optimal power allocation problem, it is then concluded that the problem is quasi-concave. As such, the globally optimal solution exists and is unique for both individual and joint power constraints. A simple root finding method then can be applied into the derived close-formed formula to approximately calculate the optimal power allocation scheme to achieve the secrecy capacity. Numerical results are then provided to confirm the accuracy of the derived formula and the optimality of the proposed power allocation.

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Goel, Ashish, Mohammad Mahdian, Hamid Nazerzadeh, and Amin Saberi. "Advertisement allocation for generalized second-pricing schemes." Operations Research Letters 38, no. 6 (November 2010): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2010.09.002.

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Al-Salihi, F. A. "Dynamic channel allocation schemes for cordless telephones." Electronics Letters 21, no. 10 (May 9, 1985): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850299.

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Bennett, John. "Alternative goods allocation schemes under repressed inflation." Journal of Economics 52, no. 2 (June 1990): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01227556.

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Grafe, F., E. Iñarra, and J. M. Zarzuelo. "Population monotonic allocation schemes on externality games." Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 48, no. 1 (September 1998): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001860050012.

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Legault, Christopher M. "Linking Total Catch Quotas and Allocation Schemes." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 18, no. 2 (May 1998): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0454:ltcqaa>2.0.co;2.

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Fazekas, István, and Bettina Porvázsnyik. "Some limit theorems for generalized allocation schemes." Miskolc Mathematical Notes 16, no. 2 (2015): 817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18514/mmn.2015.1461.

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Sundt, Bjørn. "On Allocation of Excess of Loss Premiums." ASTIN Bulletin 22, no. 2 (November 1992): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.22.2.2005113.

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AbstractIn the present paper we study the question of how to allocate the reinsurance premium between the sub-portfolios when an excess of loss treaty is to be shared between several sub-portfolios. Several allocation schemes based on the expected value principle and the standard deviation principle are suggested. The calculations are relatively simple with unlimited free reinstatements. However, with limited and/or paid reinstatements the situation becomes rather tricky, and we therefore suggest a simulation scheme.

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Zheng, Fei, Zhao Pi, Zou Zhou, and Kaixuan Wang. "LEO Satellite Channel Allocation Scheme Based on Reinforcement Learning." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (December 12, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8868888.

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Delay, cost, and loss are low in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, which play a pivotal role in channel allocation in global mobile communication system. Due to nonuniform distribution of users, the existing channel allocation schemes cannot adapt to load differences between beams. On the basis of the satellite resource pool, this paper proposes a network architecture of LEO satellite that utilizes a centralized resource pool and designs a combination allocation of fixed channel preallocation and dynamic channel scheduling. The dynamic channel scheduling can allocate or recycle free channels according to service requirements. The Q-Learning algorithm in reinforcement learning meets channel requirements between beams. Furthermore, the exponential gradient descent and information intensity updating accelerate the convergence speed of the Q-Learning algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the system supply-demand ratio by 14%, compared with the fixed channel allocation (FCA) scheme and by 18%, compared with the Lagrange algorithm channel allocation (LACA) scheme. The results also demonstrate that our allocation scheme can exploit channel resources effectively.

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Nishanthi, P. U. "Reflections of Gender Budget Initiatives in the Budgetary Allocations of Developed State in India: Kerala." Asian Review of Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2020.9.1.1607.

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In this article tried to examine the changes made by gender budget initiative in the budgetary allocations of Kerala in terms of Women Specific Schemes (WSS). Deliberations made by the Govt. for mainstreaming budget by gender concerns are successful in terms of number of schemes and programmes and diversified programmes. Every year an increase in budgetary allocations could be seen but that increase is only in absolute terms. Percentage share of allocation towards the WSS are always oscillated under one percent. Govt. should go for gender budget initiatives by increasing percentage share of budgetary allocations. Govt. hadn’t gone for exploiting the potential of gender budgeting. A stronger commitment from the Govt. is needed.

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Dubey, Rishav, Pavan Kumar Mishra, and Sudhakar Pandey. "Mixed Uplink, Downlink Channel Allocation and Power Allocation Schemes for 5G Networks." Wireless Personal Communications 112, no. 4 (January 25, 2020): 2253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07148-x.

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Montané, Francesc, Andrew M. Fox, Avelino F. Arellano, Natasha MacBean, M. Ross Alexander, Alex Dye, Daniel A. Bishop, et al. "Evaluating the effect of alternative carbon allocation schemes in a land surface model (CLM4.5) on carbon fluxes, pools, and turnover in temperate forests." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 9 (September 22, 2017): 3499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3499-2017.

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Abstract. How carbon (C) is allocated to different plant tissues (leaves, stem, and roots) determines how long C remains in plant biomass and thus remains a central challenge for understanding the global C cycle. We used a diverse set of observations (AmeriFlux eddy covariance tower observations, biomass estimates from tree-ring data, and leaf area index (LAI) measurements) to compare C fluxes, pools, and LAI data with those predicted by a land surface model (LSM), the Community Land Model (CLM4.5). We ran CLM4.5 for nine temperate (including evergreen and deciduous) forests in North America between 1980 and 2013 using four different C allocation schemes: i. dynamic C allocation scheme (named "D-CLM4.5") with one dynamic allometric parameter, which allocates C to the stem and leaves to vary in time as a function of annual net primary production (NPP); ii. an alternative dynamic C allocation scheme (named "D-Litton"), where, similar to (i), C allocation is a dynamic function of annual NPP, but unlike (i) includes two dynamic allometric parameters involving allocation to leaves, stem, and coarse roots; iii.–iv. a fixed C allocation scheme with two variants, one representative of observations in evergreen (named "F-Evergreen") and the other of observations in deciduous forests (named "F-Deciduous"). D-CLM4.5 generally overestimated gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, and underestimated net ecosystem exchange (NEE). In D-CLM4.5, initial aboveground biomass in 1980 was largely overestimated (between 10 527 and 12 897 g C m−2) for deciduous forests, whereas aboveground biomass accumulation through time (between 1980 and 2011) was highly underestimated (between 1222 and 7557 g C m−2) for both evergreen and deciduous sites due to a lower stem turnover rate in the sites than the one used in the model. D-CLM4.5 overestimated LAI in both evergreen and deciduous sites because the leaf C–LAI relationship in the model did not match the observed leaf C–LAI relationship at our sites. Although the four C allocation schemes gave similar results for aggregated C fluxes, they translated to important differences in long-term aboveground biomass accumulation and aboveground NPP. For deciduous forests, D-Litton gave more realistic Cstem ∕ Cleaf ratios and strongly reduced the overestimation of initial aboveground biomass and aboveground NPP for deciduous forests by D-CLM4.5. We identified key structural and parameterization deficits that need refinement to improve the accuracy of LSMs in the near future. These include changing how C is allocated in fixed and dynamic schemes based on data from current forest syntheses and different parameterization of allocation schemes for different forest types. Our results highlight the utility of using measurements of aboveground biomass to evaluate and constrain the C allocation scheme in LSMs, and suggest that stem turnover is overestimated by CLM4.5 for these AmeriFlux sites. Understanding the controls of turnover will be critical to improving long-term C processes in LSMs.

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Pyun, Sung-Yeop, Woongsup Lee, and Ohyun Jo. "Uplink Resource Allocation for Interference Mitigation in Two-Tier Femtocell Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9093139.

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Two-tier femtocell networks, in which a large number of femto base stations (BSs) are deployed within a region overlapping with a macrocell, can provide an economical means of increasing user capacity and coverage. Given that femto BSs may be deployed with no cell planning, cross-tier interference generated from a number of macrocells and femtocells can cause severe problems. In particular, a macro mobile station (MS) that transmits uplink data may generate severe interference with adjacent femtocells, which causes performance degradation. In order to solve these problems, two novel resource allocation schemes, optimization and heuristic, are proposed, which efficiently reduce uplink interference in two-tier femtocell networks. Simulation results at the system level verify that both proposed schemes can improve the average capacity of the femtocells, but the heuristic scheme outperforms the optimization scheme in terms of computational complexity.

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Yue, Chun-fang, Qing-jie Wang, and Yi-zhen Li. "Evaluating water resources allocation in arid areas of northwest China using a projection pursuit dynamic cluster model." Water Supply 19, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.120.

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Abstract Water resources allocation decision-making in an arid region should consider the interaction of the economy, the environment, society, resources and other factors. In this paper, an index system for the comprehensive evaluation of water resources allocation in arid areas is established in response to the shortage of water resources, over-utilization of groundwater, and an unreasonable structure of agricultural water demand in the arid region of northwest China. It has been formulated based on current river basin water resources allocation practices and consideration of the fairness, efficiency and resource utilization rationality of water resources allocation. The projection tracking dynamic clustering approach was applied to analyze alternative water resource allocation schemes in the Kiz River Basin. It is concluded that the evaluation results demonstrate the following. (1) The PPDC model takes the actual measured value of the index as the basis for comprehensive evaluation, and it avoids the bias caused by the subjective formulation of weights. An optimal allocation scheme that has higher annual comprehensive benefits can better serve regional water resources management. (2) A projection pursuit dynamic cluster approach can deliver results which are more objective and reliable than existing evaluation approaches for water resources allocation. (3) Grey correlation analysis and projection tracking dynamic clustering are basically consistent with the evaluation results for water resources allocation in the Kiz River Basin. This suggests that the projection pursuit dynamic cluster is suitable for the evaluation of water resources allocation schemes.

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Hou, Jie, Ni Wang, Jungang Luo, Xu Zhang, Zhonghao Wang, and Jiancang Xie. "A multi-method integrated simulation system for water resources allocation." Water Supply 22, no. 3 (December 29, 2021): 2518–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.456.

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Abstract Water resources allocation is an important technical tool to alleviate the conflict between water supply and demand, improve water resources utilization efficiency, and achieve the control target of total water resources utilization. However, the current water resources allocation theory is immature, and there are few objective and quantitative allocation methods, which leads to the relatively backward allocation practice. Moreover, the amounts of allocable water resources change dynamically, which makes the static and single traditional allocation scheme difficult to adapt to changes. To address the above issues, this research comprehensively integrated multiple types of allocation models to build a multi-method integrated simulation system for water resources allocation. The results show that the system supports visually generated schemes and dynamically simulates water resources allocation. The application of the simulation system enhances the reliability of results. And the dynamic adaptability of allocation results supports allocation decisions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Allocation schemes'

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